The Worlds of North and South

1820 - 1860●Section 3

●Cotton Kingdom in the South

Essential Questions

●Why did cotton planters begin to move westward?

●How did the cotton gin affect slavery in the South?

●Why did the South have less industry than the North?

Essential Terms

●Define ●Identify

● Eli Whitney

● Cotton Kingdom

● William Gregg

Summary

●Due to the invention of the cotton gin, growing cotton became very profitable.

●As the Cotton Kingdom spread from the Atlantic coast to Texas, so did slavery.

●As planters invested in land and slaves, the South developed an agricultural economy rather than a industrial one.

Introduction

●Even before the period of 1820-1860, cotton production became more and more important in the South

●Southern economy and society revolved around the growing of cotton and the plantation / slave system

●The South grew other crops, but cotton was king.

Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom

●Eli Whitney’s invention

●Cotton Kingdom and slavery

Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom

●The Industrial Revolution greatly increased the demand for cotton.

● Textile mills in the North and England needed more and more cotton to be made into cloth

Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom

●1. What problem did Southern planters have?

● 1. Textile mills in the North and in Britain needed more and more raw cotton to make cloth.

● 2. Southern planters could grow plenty of cotton, but removing the seeds by hand was a slow process.

Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom

●2. What was the solution to the problem of not being able to clean cotton?

● 1793 – Eli Whitney invented the cotton engine or gin.

● The cotton gin could do the work of 50 people.

● Because of the cotton gin, planters could grow as much cotton as they could and make huge profits.

Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom

●Eli Whitney built a machine to clean cotton—the cotton engine, or gin.

●It had rollers with wire teeth that separated the seeds from the fibers.

Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom

●1. Cotton bolls, made up of fiber and seeds, are fed into the cotton gin.

●The red arrows show the path of the cotton through the gin.

Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom

●2. As the handle is turned, the cylinder and brushes rotate.

●3. Wire teeth catch the cotton bolls and pull them through narrow wire slots.

Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom

●4. The seeds are too large to pass through the slots.

● They fall to the bottom of the gin.

●5. Rotating brushes pull cleaned cotton fiber from the wire teeth and sweep it out of the gin.

Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom

●One slave using the cotton gin could do the work in one day of 50 slaves working one day cleaning cotton by hand.

Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom

●Later cotton gins were powered by steam

●They were built bigger and bigger

●They could clean as much cotton as could be planted

●Southern planters became wealthy

CAUSE AND EFFECT

●The Cotton Gin made growing cotton more profitable because

● It allowed slaves to clean cotton more quickly.

● The Planter could sell more cotton.

● With more cotton, factories could produce more.

● Price of cloth dropped. More people bought cloth

● With factories producing more, demand for cotton grew.

● Planters bought more land and slaves, and grew more cotton.

Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom

●3. What was the effect of the cotton gin on the South?

● The cotton gin led to a boom in cotton production.

● Also led to an increased demand for slaves.

●In the 1790’s slavery was beginning to die out in the South, as it had in the North. The cotton gin gave it new life.

Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom

●4. Why and how did the Cotton Kingdomspread?

● Cotton plants wore out the soil,

● Planters began to look for fresh land.

● By the 1850s, cotton plantations extended in a wide band from the East Coast westward to Texas.

● This area became known as the Cotton Kingdom.

● As the Cotton Kingdom spread, so did slavery.

Cotton Kingdom

An Agricultural Economy

An Agricultural Economy

●5. What else did the South grow besides cotton?

● (see next few slides)

An Agricultural Economy

●Rice

● Where

● coasts of South Carolina and Georgia

● Effects

● required expensive irrigation and drainage systems

● promoted the plantation system

Rice growing areas

An Agricultural Economy

●Sugar Cane

● Where

● Louisiana and Texas

● Effect

● required expensive irrigation and drainage systems

● promoted the plantation / slavery system

●This is where Napoleon had wanted to grow sugar cane

Sugar cane growing areas

An Agricultural Economy

●Tobacco

● Where

● Virginia, North Carolina, and Kentucky

● Effect

● Usually grown on small farms

● Labor intensive. Needed slaves

Tobacco growing areas

An Agricultural Economy

●Livestock (cattle, hogs, oxen, horses, mules)

● Areas

● Many different places in the South

● Usually where soil / climate was not good enough for growing crops.

● Effect

● Most American cattle were raised in the South.

Cattle, mules, horses, hogs, oxen raising areas

Limited Industry

Limited Industry

●6. How was the South economically dependent on the North (and Europe)?

● Sold its cotton to Northern factories

● Borrowed money from Northern banks

● Bought tools and machines from the North.

● Bought luxuries from Europe.

Limited Industry

●7. Who was William Gregg and what did he do?

Limited Industry

●One of the few Southern Industrialists

●Built a cotton mill in South Carolina

●Modeled it after the Lowell Mills

●Housing for workers

●Gardens

●Schools

Limited Industry

●8. What were the Treadegar Iron Works

● One of the few Southern factories

● Near Richmond VA

● Made Railroad track

● Made cannons

● But mostly it made tools and equipment for the Agricultural South

Economically Dependent

Economically Dependent

●9. The South lagged behind the North in developing industry because

● Planters invested in land and slaves rather than in factories

● Investing in growing cotton was a sure and fast way to make more money

● Investing in a factory could be risky and could take a long time to get your money back.

The End

Review

Review

●10. Why did cotton planters begin to move westward?

● Soil was worn out from years of planting cotton

● More land to raise cotton and make money.

● Land in Texas was available.

Review

●11. How did the cotton gin affect slavery in the South

● Before the cotton gin, slavery was dying out in the South.

● It was not profitable to have slaves

● After the cotton gin, planters could plant as much cotton as they could, but needed slaves

● The cotton gin increased the need for slaves

Review

●12. Why did the South have less industry than the North?

● The concentrated on agriculture

● It was a quick and easy way to make money

● Factories were expensive to build and could take a long time to make a profit.

Review

●13. IDENTIFY: Eli Whitney● 1793 – A New Englander that invented

the cotton gin

● The cotton gin gave new life to the agricultural South and to slavery

● It could be argued that if the cotton gin had not been invented, slavery would have died out and the Civil War would not have happened.

Review

●14. IDENTIFY: Cotton Kingdom

● A wide area of the deep South of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, where cotton was the main source of making money

● All social, political and economic activity revolved around cotton. It dominated everything.

Cotton Kingdom

Review

●14. IDENTIFY: William Gregg

● Developed on of the few textile mills in the South.

● Modeled it after the Lowell Mills in Massachusetts

The End