MotivesMotives
GGoldold•Desire for raw resources & ag landDesire for raw resources & ag land•Desire to establish new trade Desire to establish new trade
routes to new marketsroutes to new markets GGodod
•Spread ChristianitySpread Christianity GGlorylory
•Build an empire to glorify rulersBuild an empire to glorify rulers
Limitations of MotivesLimitations of Motives
All the motive in the world will All the motive in the world will not produce exploration w/o the not produce exploration w/o the ability to do soability to do so
•Exploration in period of global Exploration in period of global interaction result of:interaction result of:
changes in technologychanges in technology
Technological AidsTechnological Aids
New sturdier ships New sturdier ships •Needed for ocean travelNeeded for ocean travel•Experience in N.Atlantic vs. MedExperience in N.Atlantic vs. Med
Maneuverability Maneuverability •Added a rudderAdded a rudder
SailsSails•Combined square & lateen sails to Combined square & lateen sails to
advance in uncooperative windsadvance in uncooperative winds
Technological AidsTechnological Aids
Navigation instruments Navigation instruments Astrolabe / cross staffsAstrolabe / cross staffs CompassCompass
Winds & currents Winds & currents Volta do marVolta do mar
World Economies in 1500World Economies in 1500Note the red line marking the world known to W. Europe
European ExplorationEuropean Exploration
Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas = =
•agreement b/t Spain & Portugal agreement b/t Spain & Portugal in 1494 in which Spain got in 1494 in which Spain got rights to all lands west of the rights to all lands west of the line of demarcation & Portugal line of demarcation & Portugal got all lands east.got all lands east.
European Exploration:European Exploration:Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas
•Why these two countries?Why these two countries?•Who has the authority to create Who has the authority to create
such agreements?such agreements?•Why was a treaty needed?Why was a treaty needed?•Why would Spain & Portugal agree Why would Spain & Portugal agree
to these terms?to these terms?
European ExplorationEuropean Exploration
World PowersWorld Powers = = • Countries with greatest global Countries with greatest global
influence: influence: 1.1. PortugalPortugal
2.2. SpainSpain
3.3. Netherlands (Dutch)Netherlands (Dutch)
4.4. EnglandEngland
• What do they have in common?What do they have in common?
European ExplorationEuropean Exploration
Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange = =
•massive swap of people, massive swap of people, diseases, plants, & animals b/t diseases, plants, & animals b/t New World & Old World upon New World & Old World upon arrival of Christopher arrival of Christopher Columbus.Columbus.
European Exploration:European Exploration:Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange
Examples:Examples:
Old to New WorldOld to New World New to Old WorldNew to Old WorldSmall PoxSmall PoxHorsesHorsesSugarcaneSugarcaneAfricansAfricansWheatWheat
PotatoesPotatoesCornCornTomatoesTomatoesTobaccoTobacco
MercantilismMercantilismManufactured goods
Raw materials
MotherCountr
y
MotherCountr
yColonyColony
Cheap labor
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