THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE EARTH
THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE EARTH
1) The Universe
All the matter and space that exists.
It includes celestial bodies like:
Galaxy:
Stars:
Planets:
Satellites:
Asteroids:
Comets:
Meteorites:
Galaxy An enormous cloud of stars and
other celestial bodies
Galaxy
An enormous cloud of stars and other celestial bodies
Has 4 shapes:1. Spherical2. Elliptical3. Spiral4. Irregular
Our Galaxy is the Milky Way. It has a spherical shape.
Stars
- A celestial body with a spherical shape
- Made of gases
1. ColorExample: The sun is a yellow-orange
star.
2. SizeExample:
large star = giant starsmall star = dwarf
star*The sun is a dwarf star!
SunMoves in two ways:
1. Rotation2. Revolution
• large spherical bodies that revolve around a star
Planets
• smaller celestial bodies that revolve around planets
• the Earth has only one natural satellite: the moon
Natural Satellites:
• bodies of rock• smaller than planets
Asteroids
• bodies of rock and ice
Comets
• Also called shooting star• Small pieces of rock from asteroids and
comets that travel through space
Meteorites
The Universe
Galaxy
Enormous cloud of stars and
celestial bodies
Example: The Milky Way
Galaxy
Stars
A celestial body with the
spherical shape that is made of
gases
Classified according to its color and shape
Example: the Sun
Planets
Large spherical bodies that
revolve around a star
Satellites
Small celestial bodies that
revolve around planets
Asteroids
Bodies of rock
Comets
Bodies of rock and ice
Meteorites
Also called shooting stars
Small pieces of rocks from
asteroids and comets
All the matter and space that
exists
Copy and answer in your notebook.1. Galaxies are enormous
________________ of stars, gases and cosmic dust.
2. The Milky Way galaxy has a ________________ shape.
3. The Sun is a ________________ star.4. ________________ are bodies of rock
and ice.5. ________________ are large sphercial
bodies that revolve around a star.
part of the Milky Way (Via Lactea) Galaxy. includes the Sun and all the celestial bodies
that revolve around it, such as:
2) Our solar system
• Planets• Natural
satellites• Asteroid
s• Comets• Meteorit
es
Inner planets: Mercury The EarthVenus Mars
•Outer planets: Jupiter SaturnUranus Neptune
Planets
3) How does the Earth move?
Rotation: The Earth rotates on an imaginary
axis. It takes 24 hours.
3) How does the Earth move?
Revolution: The Earth revolves around the Sun in
an elliptical orbit. It takes one year (365 days, 6 hours
and 9 minutes).
The Milky Way
Galaxy
Sun Planets
Inner Planets
Mercury Venus Mars Earth
Rotates
Takes 24 hours
Revolves
Takes 365 ¼ days
Outer Planets
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Other celestial bodies
Copy and answer in your notebook.
1. The four planets closest to the sun are ________________, ________________, ________________ and ________________.
2. These planets are called ________________.
3. The Earth completes one ________________ every 24 hours.
4. The Earth takes one ________________ to go around the Sun.
4) The Layers of the Earth
1. Atmosphere Contains various gases Surrounds the whole planet
2. Hydrosphere All the water that exists in the
Earth
3. Geosphere Solid part of the Earth Has different layers
Layers of the Geosphere
Crust Outer layer of the geosphere made of
rocks Includes the Earth´s continents, islands
and ocean floors Mantle
Layer of rock under the crust, very hot Core
Inner layer of the geosphere Made of iron
Layers of the Earth
Atmosphere
Made of gases
Hydrosphere
All the water in
Earth
Geosphere
Solid part of the Earth
Crust Mantle Core
Copy and answer in your notebook.1. Name the layers of the Earth´s
atmosphere.2. Draw and label the layers of the
geosphere.3. On which part of the geosphere do
people live?
5) The Moon
moves in two ways:
1. It rotates on an imaginary axis. It takes 28 days.
2. It revolves around the Earth. It takes 28 days.
During this time, we see different
lunar phases:
1. New moon
2. First quarter
3. Full moon
4. Last quarter
Eclipse
Happens when the Sun, the Earth and the Moon are in a straight line
There are two kinds of eclipse
Solar Eclipse
The Moon is between the Sun and the Earth
Lunar Eclipse
The Earth is between the Sun and the Moon
Happens during the Full Moon
The Moon
Moves
Rotates on an
imaginary axis
Revolves around the
Earth
Takes 28 days
Lunar Phases
New Moon
Full Moon
First Quarter
Last Quarter
Eclipses
Solar Eclipse
Sun - Moon - Earth
Lunar Eclipse
Sun - Earth - Moon
Answer in your notebook.
Match the pictures with the Moon´s phases.
Answer the following questions.1. What eclipse happens during the full
moon?2. What eclipse happens when the moon
is between the Sun and the Earth?
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