Basic solar energy research in Japan
Kazunari Domen
Chemical System Engineering
The University of Tokyo
Chemical System EngineeringThe University of Tokyo
May 26, 2011; Renaissance Washington DC
The Science for Our Nation’s Energy Future:
EFRC Summit & Forum
Government Energy Technology R&D Budgets
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Germany Japan US
Total Other Technologies or Research
Other Power and Storage Technologies
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
Nuclear Fission and Fusion
Renewable Energy Sources
Fossil Fuels
Energy Efficiency
Million US$
IEA (International Energy Agency) Energy Technology R&D Statistics 2009
154
10
68
246
200
545
45
0
145
165
2762
157
354
457
2395
846
340
1272
1228
4202
1457
Ratios of Energy R&D Budgets
Germany Japan US
Total Other Technologies or Research
Other Power and Storage Technologies
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
Nuclear Fission and Fusion
Renewable Energy Sources
Fossil Fuels
Energy Efficiency
IEA (International Energy Agency) Energy Technology R&D Statistics 2009
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and
Tsunami Attack on Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
11 March
11 March11 March
11 March
Copyright: The Yomiuri Shinbun, The Asahi Shinbun Co.
Nuclear Meltdown
at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
12 March, before 15:30
12 March, at 15:30
15 March
24 March
15 March
Copyright: The Yomiuri Shinbun, The Asahi Shinbun Co.
http://www.asahi.com/photonews/gallery/fukushimagenpatsu/20110312010_650px.htmlhttp://www.asahi.com/photonews/gallery/fukushimagenpatsu/20110315013_650px.htmlhttp://www.asahi.com/photonews/gallery/fukushimagenpatsu/110330c.htmlhttp://www.asahi.com/photonews/gallery/fukushimagenpatsu/20110315002_650px.html
Production of PVs in Japan
104-kWSingle-Si Poly-Si
a-Si Othershttp://www.jpea.gr.jp/04doc01.html
Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association
Governmental Financial Supports for PV
Electricity Buyback Program
Renewables Portfolio Standard (FY2003~)
2011: 42 JPY/kWh (0.52 $/kWh) for residential use
Germany: Feed-in Tariff
Installation Support in Japan
New Energy Foundation (NEF): ~2005
2004: 45000 JPY/kW (420 $/kW)
Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association (JPEA) : 2009~
2011: 48000 JPY/kW (590 $/kW) Total 34.9 Billion JPY (430 M$)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Billion JPY
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Governmental Supports for PV (METI)
Po
wer
gen
era
tio
n c
ostCost Reduction Scenario and Expected Position of PV Power Generation
Roadmap of PV Technology in Japan: NEDO PV2030+
202017 cent / kWh
conv. efficiency 20 %
2 - 3 GW / year2050
8 cent / kWh
conv. efficiency 40 %
25 - 35 GW / year
・Research and Development on Innovative Solar Cells(2008-2014) [25 million USD in 2011]
Three big PV projects in Japan
・Development of Next-generation High-performanceTechnology for Photovoltaic Power Generation
(2010-2014) [75 million USD in 2011]
: METI
・Research and Development on Innovative Solar Cells(2008-2014) [25 million USD in 2011]
・Super-highly effective photovoltaic generation international research center
(6 universities, 3 companies)
・R&D of thin film tandem solar cells(7 universities, 3 institutes, 4 companies)
・R&D of thin film full spectrum solar cells (6 universities, 6 companies)
・Development of Next-generation High-performance Technology for Photovoltaic Power Generation
(2010-2014) [75 million USD in 2011]
Crystalline-Si
low-cost process
improve efficiency
CIS, Compoundlow-cost process
concentrated-PV
low-cost
high quality
Thin film-Si
Organic thin film
Dye-sensitized
efficiency, cost
common basic technologies
common materials
・Research and Development on Innovative Solar Cells(2008-2014) [25 million USD in 2011]
Three big PV projects in Japan
・Development of Next-generation High-performanceTechnology for Photovoltaic Power Generation
(2010-2014) [75 million USD in 2011]
・Development of Organic Photovoltaics toward a Low-Carbon Society:Pioneering Next Generation Solar Cell Technologies and Industries
via Multi-manufacturer Cooperation
(2010 - 2014) [ total 38.3millon USD ]
: METI
: MEXT
2010.03-2014.03
Development of Organic Photovoltaics toward a Low-Carbon Society:
Pioneering Next Generation Solar Cell Technologies and Industries via
Multi-manufacturer Cooperation
Core-Researcher
Hiroshi SEGAWA (Professor, The University of Tokyo)
Co-Researcher
Susumu YOSHIKAWA (Specially Appointed Professor, Kyoto University)
Akira FUJISHIMA (Chairman, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology)
Program total; 30 projects, 1,248 million USD (99,875 million JPY)
38.3millon USD (3,067million JPY)
7 universities, 2 institutes, 10 companies
This project organizes the team of all Japan of the industrial-government-
academic, and aims at early practical use of organic solar cells.
Development of Organic Photovoltaics toward a Low-Carbon Society: Pioneering Next
Generation Solar Cell Technologies and Industries via Multi-manufacturer Cooperation
Core-Researcher : Hiroshi SEGAWA (Professor, The University of Tokyo)
total 38.3 millon USD
7 universities, 2 institutes, 10 companies
organic thin film solar cells
dye-sensitized solar cells
low cost
practical use
Development of new photocatalysis systems toward solar hydrogen production
Ryu ABE (Associate Professor, Hokkaido University)
Development of a crystal growth technology to obtain high-quality Si ingots for solar cells
Kozo FUJIWARA (Associate Professor, Tohoku University)
Research Project on Development of innovative solar cells by using ferroelectrics
Yuji NOGUCHI (Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo)
Development of Highly Efficient Organic Thin-film Photovoltaic Cells from Chemical Approaches
Based on Synthesis of Fullerene Derivatives
Yutaka MATSUO (Project Professor, The University of Tokyo)
Development of low-cost quantum dot photovoltaics with silicon inks.
Tomohiro NOZAKI (Associate Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Development of Thermochemical Water-Splitting Hydrogen Production System utilizing Concentrated
Solar High-Temperature Heat
Tatsuya KODAMA (Professor, Niigata University)
Development of next-generation high efficiency solar cells using functionalized silicon nanostructures
Naoki FUKATA (MANA Young Scientist, National Institute for Materials Science)
Research on Innovative Technology for Solar Energy Conversion to Chemical Energy
Kazuhiro SAYAMA (Group Leader, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology)
2011.02.10-2014. 03.31
total 329 projects
48.6 billion JPY
(60.6million USD)
8 projects
1.3 billion JPY
(16 million USD)
Projects for Individual Researchers
:MEXT
ERATO
・ Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology
3 million USD/year, 5 years
ERATO
(2006-2011)
・HASHIMOTO Light Energy ConversionKazuhito HASHIMOTO(Professor, The University of Tokyo)
High-efficient organic thin film solar cellInorganic artificial
photosynthetic nanodevice
Microorganism energy and environmental cleanup device
Creation of high efficient energy conversion systems and
energy managing advanced materials
Light energy conversion systems
Projects for Individual Researchers
:MEXT
・ Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology0.3 ~ 1.0 million USD/year, 5 years
CREST
ERATO
・ Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology
3 million USD/year, 5 years
from
2009
Efficient Visible Light-Sensitive Photocatalysts for Water Splitting
Hiroshi IRIE (Professor, University of Yamanashi)
Hydrogenated amorphous silicon free from light-induced degradation
Hiroaki OKAMOTO (Professor, Osaka University)
Complete utilization of "light" and "carrier" by the control of interface between
surface layer and photovoltaic materials.
Shin-ichi SATOH (Professor, University of Hyogo)
Device Physics of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Liyuan HAN (Managing Director, National Institute for Materials Science)
Bandgap Science for Organic Solar Cells
Masahiro HIRAMOTO (Professor, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Institute for
Molecular Science)
High efficiency thin film solar cells with enhanced optical absorption by excitons
Yoshiji HORIKOSHI (Professor, WASEDA University)
New Formation Process of Solar-Grade Si Material Based on Atmospheric-Pressure
Plasma Science
Kiyoshi YASUTAKE (Professor, Osaka University)
"Creative research for clean energy generation using solar energy"
Research Supervisor; Masafumi YAMAGUCHI,
(Professor, Toyota Technological Institute)
http://spysee.jp/faces/447562
from
2010
Improvement of performance of thin film compound semiconductor photovoltaic
cells towards the after next generation.
Hironori KATAGIRI (Professor, Nagaoka National College of Technology)
R&D on nitride-based heterogeneous tandem solar cells on Si substrates
Naoteru SHIGEKAWA (Senior Research Engineer, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
Corporation)
Si-based thin-film solar cells using a semiconducting silicide pn junction
Takashi SUEMATSU (Professor, University of Tsukuba)
High Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Fabricated by Cat-CVD Technology
Hideki MATSUMURA (Professor, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)
Construction of organic thin-film solar cells with innovative solution-processible
organic materials
Hiroko Yamada (Associate Professor, Ehime University)
"Creative research for clean energy generation using solar energy"
Research Supervisor; Masafumi YAMAGUCHI,
(Professor, Toyota Technological Institute)
Takashi SUEMATSU
Hideki MATSUMURA
Hiroko Yamada
Masahiro
HIRAMOTO
http://spysee.jp/faces/447562
Projects for Individual Researchers
・Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology
PREST
Young researchers, 0.3 million USD/3 years
:MEXT
・ Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology0.3 ~ 1.0 million USD/year, 5 years
CREST
ERATO
・ Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology
3 million USD/year, 5 years
from
2009
・Broadband Organic Thin-Film Solar Cells with Light Harvesting System Based on Interlayer Excitation
Transfer
Musubu ICHIKAWA(Associate Professor, ShinshuUniversity)
・Spectroscopic exploration of photon-electron conversion mechanisms in polymer solar cells
Hideo OHKITA(Associate Professor, Kyoto University)
・Formation of high-quality polycrystalline silicon films on glass substrates by flash-lamp-induced crystallization
Keisuke OHDAIRA(Assistant Professor, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology )
・High-Efficient and Ultra-Thin Solar Cells using Plasmonics
Koichi OKAMOTO(Research Associate Ptofessor, Kyoto University)
・Photogenerated charge carrier dynamics in donor-acceptor films studied by microwave conductivity
Akinori SAEKI(Assistant Professor, Osaka University)
・Multiple Exciton Generation in Semiconductor Quantum Dots and its Application to Solar Cells
Qing SHEN(Assistant Professor, The University of Electro-Communications)
・Development of organic photovoltaic cell fabricated by alternative deposition method for controlling the
aggregation and crystallization of organic layers
Tetsuy TAIMA(Research Scientist, RNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology)
"Photoenergy conversion systems and materials
for the next generation solar cells"(Research Supervisor:Shuzi HAYASE, Professor, Kyushu Institute of Technology)
・Development of semiconductor quantum dots sensitized solar cells by controlling quantum interfaces
Yasuhiro TACHIBANA (Senior Lecturer, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University )
・Wavelength Conversion Material by Quantum Cutting toward Highly Efficient Photovoltaic Generation
Setsuhisa TANABE(Professor, Kyoto University)
・Controlling of the many-body interaction between photoexcited carriers toward hot carrier solar cells
Takeshi TAYAGAKI(Assistant Professor, Kyoto University )
・Construction of Materials for Ligth Energy Conversion with Sheet-Shaped Macromolecules
Donglin JIANG(Associate Professor, Institute for Molecular Science )
・Creation of new solar cell using chalcopyrite-type phosphide
Yoshitaro NOSE(Assistant Professor, Kyoto University )
・Elucidation of Degradation Mechanism of Organic Thin-Film Solar Cells from Microscopic Viewpoints and
Improvement of Device Durability
Kazuhiro MARUMOTO(Associate Professor, University of Tsukuba )
・Inverse-photoemission spectroscopy with zero kinetic energy electrons for measuring the unoccupied
electronic states of organic semiconductors
Hiroyuki YOSHIDA(Assistant Professor, Kyoto University)
from
2010
・Development of n-type organic semiconductor materials towards bulk heterojunction solar cells
Yutaka IE(Associate ProfessorOsaka University)・Development of Photoactive Materials with Long-Wavelength Absorption Property for Use in High-
Performance Solar Cells
Tomokazu UMEYAMA(Assistant Professor, Kyoto University )・Novel semiconducting polymers toward high efficiency organic thin film solar cells
Itaru OSAKA(Assistant ProfessorHiroshima University)・Analysis of electron-transport function on organic solar-cell substrate using electron spin coherence
measurments
Yasuhiro KOBORI(Associate Professor, Shizuoka University )
・Intermediate band solar cells based on highly mismatched alloys
Tooru TANAKA(Associate Professor, Saga University )
・Synthesis of mutually-penetrating phase-separated polymers and their application to organic solar cells
with 3D nanostructures
Tomoya HIGASHIHARA(Assistant Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology)
・Development of a method to control polycrystalline structures in Si ingot
Kozo FUJIWARA(Associate Professor, Tohoku University )・Development of Near-IR Dyes toward the Next Generation Organic Thin-Film Solar Cells
Atsuya MURANAKA(Special Postdoctoral Researcher,RIKEN)・High efficient dye-sensitized solar cells by elucidating diffusion mechanism in the electrolyte
Masatoshi YANAGIDA(Senior Researcher, National Institute for Materials Science )・Development of Organic Dyes Based on Fine Tuning of p-Orbitals using DFT Calculations
Atsushi Wakamiya(Associate Professor, Kyoto University )
Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology: PREST
"Photoenergy conversion systems and materials for the next generation solar cells"
(Research Supervisor:Shuzi HAYASE, Professor, Kyushu Institute of Technology)
Musubu ICHIKAWA
Koichi OKAMOTO
Setsuhisa TANABEYoshitaro NOSE
Atsuya MURANAKA
"Chemical conversion of light energy"Research Supervisor:Haruo INOUE,Professor, Tokyo Metropolitan University
from
2009
・Observation of molecular movie during light energy conversion by time-resolved X-ray structure analysis
Shin-ich ADACHI (Professor, High Energy Acceleration Research Organization)
・Construction of highly effective water splitting system by separated functional dyes
Ryu ABE(Associate Professor, Hokkaido University)
・Creation of photo-functional conjugated gigantic macromolecules
Naoki ARAYA (Assistant Professor, Kyoto Unversity)
・Molecular control of photoreactions on photo-responsive proteins
Hisasi ISHIKITA (Project Assistant Professor, Kyoto University)
・Multi-electron reduction of carbon dioxide by catalysts with peptide paper folding
Hitoshi ISHIDA (Associate Professor, Kitasato University)
・Creation of photo-functional materials by hierarchical control of nanostructures
Shintaro IDA (Associate Professor , Kyusyu University)
・Development of catalytic organic molecule conversion system under visible light
Akiko INAGAKI (Assistant Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology)
・Design of highly effective formic acid formation algae by protein engineering
Masaki IHARA (Assistant Professor, Sinshu University)
・Biosynthesis of Fe complex active center of [Fe]-hydrogenase
Seigo SHIMA (Group Leader, MaxPlank Institute)
・Elucidation of mechanism of photosynthesis membrane protein assembly system
Takehisa DEWA (Associate Professor, Nagoya Institute of Technology)
・Highly effective photoreduction of carbon dioxide by iron complex catalysts with phosphaalkene ligands
Yumiko NAKAJIMA (Project Assistant Professor, Kyoto University )
・Creation of highly effective oxygen evolution catalyst for overall water splitting under visible light
Shigeyuki MASAOKA (Assistant Professor, Kyusyu University)
・Development of nanocomposite catalysts for water oxidation toward solar cells of hydrogen production
Masayuki YAGI (Professor, Niigata University)
from
2010
・Clarification of photosynthesis light and reaction control mechanism for stability device creation
Kentaro IFUKU (Assistant Professor, Kyoto University)
・Multi-sided scanning spectroscopic analysis of correlation between chloroplast and cell of oil production alga
Shigekazu KUMASAKI (Associate Professor, Kyoto University)
・Complete understanding of photosynthesis energy conversion by complex analysis
Genji KURISU (Professor, Osaka University)
・Creation of highly efficient catalyst for water oxidation by molecular oxides
Masahiro SADAKANE (Associate Professor, Hiroshima University)
・Elucidation of mechanism of highly efficient energy conversion and water oxidation in photosynthesis
Miwa SUGIURA (Associate Professor, Ehime University)
・Assembly, observation, and reaction on photo-antenna
Yasuyuki TSUBOI (Associate Professor, Hokkaido University)
・New bioactive metabolite driven by photosynthesis
Kenji NAGASHIMA (Associate Professor, Tokyo Metropolitan University)
・In-situ observation of solid/liquid interface during light energy conversion
Hidenori NOGUCHI (Researcher, National Institute for Materials Science)
・Creation of light-material conversion catalysts in a cage molecule
Yasuhiro Funahashi (Associate Professor, Nagoya Institute of Technology)
・High resolution fluorescent microscopic analysis of biomineralization on diatom
Jun-ichi HOTTA (Associate Professor, Yamagata UNiversity)
・Creation of highly efficient catalysts for water splitting by band-engineering
Kazuhiko MAEDA (Assistant Professor, The University of Tokyo)
・Creation of metal binding function of natural organic dyes by photochemical technique
Tetsuro MURAHASHI (Associate Professor, Osaka University)
・Fuel generation by oxygen storage oxygen under solar light
Yoshihiro YAMAZAKI (Postdoctral researcher, California Institute of Technology)
Genji KURISU
Hidenori NOGUCHI
Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology: PREST
"Chemical conversion of light energy"(Research Supervisor:Haruo INOUE, Professor, Tokyo Metropolitan University)
Kenji NAGASHIMA
Creation of Cutting Edge Technology for Realization of the Low
Carbon Society over the World in FuturePromote R&D, under competitive funding, of new basic high potential
scientific knowledge and discovery to realize continual and steady
reduction of greenhouse gas emission in middle and long term. We
expect to obtain fruits of research leading to the Green Innovations.
Making Conceptual Breakthrough and Creation of “Game
Changing Technology”ALCA contributes to the reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission in
middle and long term (2030~2050) and the realization of low carbon and wealthy society.
(ALCA)
2011.03 -
R
&
D
breakthrough new
technology
mid-term judgment
Solar Cell
and
Solar Energy System
Superconducting
System
Electric Storage
Device
Non Particular
Research area
Ultra Heat-Resistant
Materials
High quality Recycling steel
Hiroshi
IMAHORIKyoto University
Development of Highly Efficient, Low-Cost Dye-Sensitized
Solar Cells
Tatsuya
SHIMODA
Japan Advanced
Institute of Science
and Technology
High performance silicon solar cell by solution process
Masatomo
SUMIYA
National Institute
for Materials
Science
Development of III-V nitride solar cell and its application to
concentrator photovoltaic system
Shunichi
FUKUZUMIOsaka University Artificial Photosynthesis System
Masaru
HORINagoya University Construction of Hybrid-nanocarbon Solar Cells
Akira
YAMADA
Tokyo Institute of
Technology
Development of non-vacuum processing for high
efficiency next-generation thin-film solar cells
Program total : 52.5 million USD (4,200 million JPY) in 2011
13 projects related to solar energy (total 54 projects)
Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA)
2011.03 -
Wenchang
YEH
Shimane
University
Development of silicon/germanium multi-junction solar
cells having a novel structure
Akihiko
YOSHIKAWA
Chiba
University
Smart Innovation on Nitride Semiconductor Solar Cells
with Superstructure Magic Alloys: SMART
Hiroshi
Katayama-
YOSHIDA
Osaka
University
Spinodal Nanotechnology for Super-High Efficiency
Energy Conversion
Ichiro
TERASAKI
Nagoya
UniversityDevelopment of optically-active thermoelectric materials
Kazunari
DOMEN
The University
of Tokyo
Development of a solar hydrogen system by
photocatalysts with a large scalability
Toshinori
KINOSHITA
Nagoya
University
Promotion of photosynthesis and plant productivity
through manipulation of stomatal aperture
Yuichi
FUJITA
Nagoya
University
Nitrogen Revolution: Introduction of Nitrogen Fixing
Ability to Photosynthetic Organisms
Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program
(ALCA)
2011.03 -(projects only related to solar energy)
Our projects related to water splitting
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
(1982 - 1997)
: JSPS, MEXT
Development of UV light responsive photocatalysts
Development of visible light responsive photocatalysts
Collaboration with industry
Improvement and design for large scale application
CREST SORST+(1998 - 2003) (2003- 2005)
: JST, MEXT
Key-Tech.(2006 - 2010)
: MEXT
PEC Water splitting on Modified-TaON
Chemical System EngineeringThe University of Tokyo
PEC Water splitting on Modified-TaON
Chemical System EngineeringThe University of Tokyo
Highly stable photocurrent on CoO-loaded TaON electrode
CoO-TaON
IrO2-TaON
TaON
Cu
rren
t /
mA
Time / min
at 0.95 V vs. RHE
in Na2SO4aq. (pH 6.5)
(Electrode area : 6 cm2)
Effect of cocatalyst
Chemical System EngineeringThe University of Tokyo
Chemical System EngineeringThe University of Tokyo
Glass plate
5 cm
Photocatalyst (20 mg)
300 W Xe lamp (l > 300 nm)
Water filter
Cooling water(ca.285 K)
water
Photocatalyst Plate
Summary
・ R&D budgets of energy have been mainly for nuclear power.
・ Budget for renewable energy has been relatively small.
・ Budget for solar energy has been mainly focused on PV developments.
・ Budget for solar fuel production is still very limited.
After the disaster of Fukushima nuclear power plants,
our government has decided to change the energy policy.
Primary Energy in Japan
76%69%
54%48% 44%
2%3%
4%3%
3%
15%14%
16%18% 21%
5%
10%13% 16%
4%9% 12% 10%
5% 6% 7% 6% 6%2%1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1973 1979 1990 2000 2007
Renewable
Nuclear
Natural Gas
Coal
LPG
Petroleum
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Japan
http://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/topics/hakusho/2010energyhtml/1-2-
4.html
R&D Budgets in Renewable Energy Sources
IEA (International Energy Agency) Energy Technology R&D Statistics 2009
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Others
Hydropower
Geothermal Energy
Bio-energy
Ocean Energy
Wind Energy
Solar Energy
Germany Japan US
Million US$
PV R&D Budgets and PV Production
Development of PV Power Generation by NEDO
Conceptual Drawing of Solar Hydrogen Plant
(500 kt/year)
Combination of Solar Hydrogen Plant with
Conventional Chemical Complex
“Sunshine Project” by METI : 1974~1992
0
1
2
3
4
5
1974 1975 1976 1977
Solar
Geothermal
Coal
Hydrogen
General
Office cost
Billion JPY
White paper on science and technology 1978/Science and Technology Agency
昭和53年版科学技術白書/科学技術庁
METI: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
New Sunshine Project : 1993~2000
Concentrated Solar Thermal Power Plant
1000 KW
Nio, Kagawa, Japan
6 Aug. 1981
http://www.suga-ac.co.jp
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