The Roaring Twenties
1920’s Decade of prosperity, fun and wild
living Era of the “Jazz Age”
New music Fashion Fads
Not ___________for everyone
Adjustment Period Most soldiers returned home 1919
No steady ________ for veterans No special _________ services Few ________
Employers got rich, but veterans did not receive any $$
Wages did not cover the cost of _____
Workers Unrest Strikes: workers demand _________,
better ____________________, ____________ _______ union leaders were more
socialist than East coast Socialist: political and economic
system where _________ and distribution are ________ owned for the benefit of all members in society, people should have more involvement in the government
Workers (cont.) Western union leaders influence by
1917 revolution in Russia, Bolsheviks set up a ____________ regime Communism: means of
production and distribution were _________ owned, no private or individual ownership
Workers Unrest (cont.) Western Labour Conference in March
1919 created One Big Union One Big Union – represent all
Canadian __________ in one organization Help workers establish more control of
industry government through ____________ means
Winnipeg General Strike May 1919: Winnipeg’s metal and
building workers walked off their jobs Demanded higher wages, shorter work
week, right to ___________________ (negotiations between workers and management)
Winnipeg was at a standstill: no firefighters, postal workers, telephone or telegraph services, newspapers, streetcars, bread/milk deliveries
The Winnipeg General Strike (cont.) Business leaders, politicians
industrialists formed ______________________________________________________________ Committee believed that union leaders were
trying to overthrow the government Government amended the
_____________________ to allow foreign born union leaders to be deported
Special police, fired civic workers, strike leaders arrested
Bloody Saturday June 21, 1919: union held parade
to protest The mayor read the ____________
a law declaring a grouping of more than 12 people to be unlawfully assembled
The protest turned violent; Royal North West Mounted Police and special police charged crowd
Strike Aftermath Seven arrested leaders were
convicted of _______________ Striking workers not rehired Divisions between ___________ and
business class grew
Federalism Regionalism: concern of various
different ___________ of the country with their own _________ problems
Maritimes population is a small region therefore they had ________ seats in parliament
Oil replaced coal, yet Maritimes had coal
Formed _____________________________
Federalism/Regionalism (cont.) There were also regional challenges from
Prairies and Ontario Farmers angered by _____________ because
tariffs/duties placed on foreign goods imported into Canada
Farmers wanted __________________, abolish tariffs and allow them to buy cheap machinery
1919 federal Thomas Crerar created the ________________________________________
Wanted a new National Party based on _____________ and ownership of railways
1921 Election MacKenzie King – leader of __________
party Believed in the middle path
Arthur Meighen – leader of the _________________ Believed in principles over compromise;
didn’t care if he offended anyone Liberals elected 117 seats;
Conservatives 55 seats; Progressives 64 seats
1921 Election Liberals were a minority
government Progressive Party did not last very
long 1926 – King challenged by the
Progressives to set up _______________________
Act was passed in 1927: $240/yr
New Independence 1922: King refused to support Britain when
they were invading ________________ 1923: King insisted Canada be allowed to
sign an international treaty known as the __________________________ without British representative’s signature
1926: King challenged Britain's over its influence on Canada’s internal politics known as ___________________
Participated in _____________ Report
Review: King-Byng Crisis 1925 Liberals had to seek Progressive Party
support; only had 101 seats, Conservatives had 116 Liberals lost Progressive Party support
because________________smuggling scandal. Kings ministers were protecting the individuals and
even profiting off of the illegal liquor sales to the United States
Conservatives called for a motion of censure King asked Byng to dissolve parliament; Byng
refused Byng eventually forced to called an election Sept 14, 1926, King won majority.
Halibut Treaty March 2, 1923 Canadian-American agreement concerning
_____________ in the Pacific Ocean Halibut could not be caught in low season Significance: _______ treaty Canada signed
on their own; Britain wanted to sign, but King threatened to send an ___________ representative to Washington
Chanak Crisis September 1922 – Turkish ____________ were
unhappy with loss of territory to Greece Expelled Greeks from Smyrna in August
1922 Lloyd George reinforced British posts in
Chanak King insisted that Canadian Parliament
should decide on the course of___________ the country should follow
Balfour Report There was an Imperial Conference
(1926) Dominions of the British Empire
requested __________________ Autonomy: the freedom to govern
themselves Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa
A special committee under Lord Balfour examined the request
Published the Balfour report
Balfour Report Recommendations to allow for
autonomy became law in 1931 when the ____________________ was passed Statute formally turned the British
Empire into the ______________________ Canada now equal in status; entitled
to make its own laws
Balfour Report (cont.)
Two Restrictions: Canada’s constitution, the British
North America Act, remained in Britain, because the Canadian federal and provincial governments could not agree on an ______________________
Procedure for changing the Canadian Constitution
Judicial court of appeal for Canadians resided in Britain until 1949
Economic Boom The 1920’s started in depression. During the 1920’s the US started investing
in Canada’s economy. US Companies set up ‘___________’ which
operated here but for American business men. US enriched Canada’s economy by extracting or
harvesting raw materials (__________ resources) Materials were transported to US for processing
and manufacturing (____________ resources)
Economic Boom (cont.) With the increase in employment
and economic prosperity few Canadians questioned the __________ effects of American involvement.
Economic Boom The 1920’s started in depression. During the 1920’s the US started investing
in Canada’s economy. US Companies set up ‘branch plants’ which
operated here but for American business men. US enriched Canad’a economy by extracting or
harvesting raw materials (primary resources) Materials were transported to US for processing
and manufacturing (secondary resources)
Bootlegging the Border The Women’s Christian Temperance
Union (WCTU) pushed prohibition into legislation in Canada and the US.
By ____________ provincial governments were overturning the decision because of its unpopularity.
The US, however, enforced it until 1933. Canadians sold illegal alcohol over the border for about 10 years.
Prosperity = Urbanization With the new booming economy
Canadians were afforded more opportunities to enjoy the luxuries of life.
_____________ were becoming affordable and popular.
Telephone lines were becoming commonplace for all houses in cities.
Professional sports were also increasing in popularity.
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