The President’s Annual Report

EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE

Spring 1999

Report on calendar year 1998,published in Spring 1999

Contents

Introduction by the President, Dr Patrick Masterson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

The Department of History and Civilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9The Department of Economics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14The Department of Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20The Department of Political and Social Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

The Robert-Schuman-Centre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31The European Forum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Research Student Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Publications by Staff Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Funding of the EUI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

The Institute’s Governing Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

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The European University for postgraduate research in the social sciences

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The main aim of this Annual Report isto provide a concise account of theactivities of the European UniversityInstitute during 1998. These activities

relate to the Institute’s mission to contribute tothe scientific and cultural heritage of Europethrough high level research and doctorate for-mation.

The great increase in recent years in thenumber of doctoral theses successfully de-fended before international juries has beenmaintained with over 80 doctorate degreesawarded during the year. During the past fouryears a completion rate of 75% has beenachieved. By comparison with the precedingfour years there has been an increase of over50% in the number of theses defended. Asimilar improvement was achieved in thenumber of theses completed within fouryears. This performance, comparable with thebest international achievement is particularlysatisfactory bearing in mind the demandingrequirements of the multi-lingual multi-culturalcontext in which it is accomplished. It reflectswell upon the commitment of the youngresearchers and their thesis supervisors atthe Institute. To maintain and even improvethis record a full review of doctorate prepara-tion, supervision and defence was made bythe Institute’s Academic Council during theyear.

A major survey of alumni was initiated, toascertain their career paths and their evalua-tion of the Institute during their time here. Thefindings of this survey will provide valuableindications for the further academic develop-ment of the Institute. One interesting prelimi-nary indication is that about 70% of our grad-uates are employed in academic posts – amuch higher percentage than is the case withother postgraduate programmes.

In September the Institute held its secondformal degree conferring ceremony in which108 graduates from all over Europe participat-ed. The ceremony coincided with a meeting ofour Alumni Association and provided anexcellent opportunity for our current re-

searchers to interact with their predecessorswhom they will soon join in the various profes-sional spheres in which they exercise thetalents they developed at the Institute.

The students applying to the Institute (1,429)for the 120 places available, although lower innumber than last year (1,587), continued tobe of high quality. Scholarships provided bythe Italian Government enabled us to contin-ue, in a limited way, our objective of welcom-ing some of the excellent applicants fromCentral and Eastern Europe.

In January, Austria joined the other EUMember States to become the 15th full mem-ber of the Institute. During the year we werepleased to welcome a senior delegation fromthe Austrian Ministry of Education and Trans-port. The Presidency of the High Councilpassed to Spain from Greece which, in asso-ciation with the Institute, had sponsored anumber of appreciated conferences and exhi-bitions during its presidency.

Dr Patrick Masterson, President of the EUI

The research activity of the Institute flour-ished during the year and is described later inthe detailed information about its four depart-ments of History and Civilization, Economics,Law and Political and Social Sciences, and itstwo interdisciplinary and comparative re-search centres, the Robert Schuman Centreand the European Forum. A Research Coun-cil, composed mainly of eminent external aca-demics, supports by way of advice, appraisaland financial allocation, the research projectsof our professors. This valuable exercise inpeer evaluation extends also to periodicalreviews of the academic profile and achieve-ment of the departments and centres. Thisyear there was a very enthusiastic endorse-ment of the performance and orientation ofthe Department of Social and Political Sci-ences, which has integrated its activitiesaround a core theme identified by the label of‘Europeanisation’.

A noteworthy feature of this year’s researchactivity has been the ever closer collaborationbetween the academic departments andresearch centres within the Institute and thesteady development of effective networkingwith other research and postgraduate institu-

tions. Such networking is strongly encour-aged at the Institute but very much as anorganic ‘bottom-up’ rather than an artificial‘top-down’ exercise. It has taken various formssuch as joint research projects, a commonaccess point for online working papers, inter-institutional conferences and joint summerschools.

This closer collaboration within the Instituteand with other institutions has been facilitatedby the coordination, under one director, of ourRobert Schuman Centre, which covers arange of comparative, interdisciplinary andpolicy oriented research, and our EuropeanForum which assembles an internationalgroup of scholars to focus over a period ofone or two years on a particular topic (thisyear’s topic is ‘Recasting the EuropeanWelfare State’). These coordinated centresprovide an added common research milieufor the Institute’s academic departments andfor researchers from other institutions. A keycomponent in this framework is the group of30 Jean Monnet postdoctoral and seniorresearch fellows, recruited internationally, forup to a year to support the Institute’s researchin the Departments and Centres.

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The Badia Fiesolana

This rich coordinated framework of researchcontributes to the realisation at the Institute ofa European centre of advanced studies in thesocial sciences complementing our doctorateprogramme. The many international confer-ences, seminars, workshops and longer termcooperative research projects it gives rise toprovide our young doctorate researchers witha privileged access to the widest range ofleading authorities in their field.

The Institute’s research activity continued toattract funding from the Institute itself, fromthe European Union and from externalresearch contracts which totalled Lit.5,400,000,000 this year (Lit. 3,600,000,000 in1997 and Lit. 2,800,000,000 in 1996). It isgratifying that during the year the PortugueseGovernment agreed to renew its joint spon-sorship with the Institute of the Chair in theHistory of the Discoveries and of the Expan-sion of Europe (15th-18th Centuries) - a fittingrecognition of the achievement of ProfessorCHAUDHURI’S eight year tenure of the Chair.The research activity of the Institute received

a major stimulus by securing independentfunding for a Chair in a new MediterraneanProgramme within the Robert Schuman Cen-tre, and for a Chair in a new research pro-gramme on Finance and Consumption in theEuropean Union within the EconomicsDepartment. The generous corporate fundingof these initiatives is warmly appreciated as isthe support of our Development Council andthe commitment of our Secretary General insecuring this enlightened, independent spon-sorship of the Institute’s scholarly objectives.

The greatly expanded range of our researchactivity, (particularly in the two coordinatedresearch centres which now involve about 60people) and the growing requirements of ourEuropean Historical Archives have posedacute space problems. Until these are met ina more permanent way through the goodoffices of the Italian Government, we havebeen able to rent on a temporary basis suit-able accommodation in the Villa La Fontewhich is close by the location of the SchumanCentre/European Forum.

Doctorate formation and high level researchconstitute the two main pillars of the Institute’swork. However, and increasingly, it alsoserves as a focal point for conferences, work-shops and seminars on a European-wide

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An open-air seminar at Villa Schifanoia

Researchers on the Loggia of the Badia Fiesolana

basis for leaders in public, professional andeconomic life. They are facilitated, in theresearch context of the Institute, to addresscommon European problems with the activeparticipation of professors and researchers ofthe Institute.

There were, for example, such meetings ofEuropean judges, of the International BarAssociation, of the European Electricity Reg-ulation Forum, of the annual conference ofEU-Japanese journalists, of heads of Euro-pean competition authorities and communica-tions regulators. Such meetings constitute afruitful intellectual interaction between practi-cal and theoretical considerations.

The 21rst Jean Monnet Lecture was deliveredto a large audience by H.E. MARY MCALEESE,the President of the Irish Republic, on thetopic ‘Europe – The Challenges Of The NewMillennium’.

Institute professors are appointed on a four-year contract renewable once. This year Iwish to thank for their fine contribution to theInstitute Professors DEHOUSSE, DOW, HÉRITIERand SZAKOLCZAI who have moved on to newacademic challenges and to welcome ournewly appointed Professors BATTIGALLI, DEBURCA, FARMER, ICHINO, JOERGES, LADEUR,LOUIS, MOTTA, SCHULTE, WAGNER and ZILLER.

We record with sorrow the death of tworesearchers: KNUT MITTENDORFER and PHILIPPEVAN COPPENOLLE and of our former ProfessorSUSAN STRANGE.

In consultation with the Staff Association andUnion the implementation of recommenda-tions of the recent Management Review ofthe Institute’s administration continues – withbeneficial outcome in terms of decentralisa-tion, greater flexibility and better careerprospects for local agents.

In conclusion I wish to thank all associatedwith the Institute, its Councils, Professors,Researchers and Support Staff for their dedi-cation throughout the year to fulfilling impres-sively the Institute’s noble mission.

DR PATRICK MASTERSONPresident of the European University Institute

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President Mary McAleese and Dr Patrick Masterson

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History andCivilization

Staff Developments

Professor REGINA SCHULTE joined the Depart-ment from the Ruhr Universität, Bochum. Shesucceded Professor OLWEN HUFTON in teach-ing Gender History. In Spring this chair wasprovisionally held by Professor EDITH SAURERfrom the Universität Wien. A nomination is incourse to fill a new chair for the study ofEastern European History, 19th-20th cen-turies. In 1998-9 the subject has been taughtby Professor ANDREA GRAZIOSI, Università diNapoli. The Portuguese government hasagreed to support the renewal of the Vascoda Gama chair for the study of EuropeanExpansion. A new professor will join theDepartment in 1999, replacing Professor KIRTICHAUDHURY.

RAFFAELE ROMANELLI took over as Head ofDepartment in September, replacing JOHNBREWER.

The Department’s Jean Monnet Fellows are:PETER BURGESS, University of Volda, Norway;BRENDAN DOOLEY, Harvard University; OLLEKRANTZ, University of Umeå, Sweden; LUTZNIETHAMMER, Universität Jena; CHRISTIANWINDLER, Universität Basel; JONATHAN ZEITLIN,University of Wisconsin Madison.

Research Activities

Professor PETER BECKER concluded a studyon the representation of crime and deviancein 19th-century German criminological andcriminalistic discourse. He then began a newproject on The Language of the Bureaucracy– Bureaucratic Language and Prose: Towardsa Cultural History of the Bureaucracy in the19th Century. He built a bibliographic data-base especially of writingspublished inGermany, Austria, Hungary, and the Czech

Republic during the 19th and early 20th cen-turies on issues related to the public adminis-tration. One of the aims is to look not for rootsbut for a genealogy of specific tools for theorganization and representation of informa-tion, such as tables and methods for thestorage and retrieval of information. A secondfocus will be the analysis of the discussions inadministrative reform commissions of the19th and early 20th centuries. With this lattermaterial the close link between the introduc-tion of new representational strategies suchas the use of tables and the emergence of anew type of official can be followed within thecontemporary discourse.

Professor JOHN BREWER has continued hisproject entitled Unequal Exchange? Euro-pean Art and American Money in the 19thand Early 20th Centuries. The aim of thisproject is to use the extraordinary boom in theEuropean art and antique market of the latenineteenth and twentieth centuries, whichwas largely fueled by American money, toexamine American conceptions of Europe,European conceptions of America, and differ-ent national views about art and the culturalpatrimony within Europe.

Professor KIRTI CHAUDHURI continued hisresearch on the ‘cognitive’ aspects of compar-ative social and cultural history. In 1998 themain event in the Vasco da Gama Chair andResearch Programme was the publication infour volumes of the History of PortugueseExpansion by Círculo de Leitores. Thelaunching of the volumes took place in Lisbonon 28 March and was attended by the Por-tuguese President and Prime Minister, theInstitute being represented by PresidentPATRICK MASTERSON. The launch was preced-ed by a press conference with the Portuguesemedia at the Villa Schifanoia.

Professor GÉRARD DELILLE concluded hisproject on politics and local social groups. Abook of circa 400 pages, entitled Le Maire etle Prieur: Elites et pouvoir local en Méditer-ranée occidentale, XVe-XVIIIe siècles, hasnow been submitted for publication to the

Ecole des Hautes Etudes en SciencesSociales and the Ecole française de Rome.He has started a new research project onAlliances and Dynamics of Social Action inEurope, 16th-19th Centuries.

Professor LAURENCE FONTAINE’S project is enti-tled Les liens de la dette et l’institutionnalisa-tion du crédit XVIe-XIXe siècles. She has con-tinued to work on the understanding of socialrelations and the various cultures at work incredit relations in pre-industrial Europe takingparticular interest this year in the hiddenurban economy through the study of pawn-shops on the one hand and of usury on theother. She has also started research onFrench literary texts with the aim of collectingevidence concerning the representation ofeconomic behaviours, reputation and honouramong the various social groups.

Professor RENÉ LEBOUTTE’S research projectHuman Capital and Mobility of Highly SkilledWorkers in Europe, 17th-19th Centuries, hasreached a first major achievement with thestudy of Italian and Bohemian glassworkers’migration in Early Modern Europe. This studywas presented at an international conferenceat the University of Paris-Sorbonne (Novem-ber) organized by RENÉ LEBOUTTE, LOUISBERGERON, GIOVANNI FONTANA and DENISWORONOFF.

Professor ALAN MILWARD directed tworesearch projects throughout the year, eachassociated with a course of seminars. Thefirst, Allegiance, explored the extent of eco-nomic attachment of national citizens to theEC/EU. The second, conducted jointly withProfessor BO STRÅTH, Rewriting the SocialContract, explored the implications of this his-torical research for the future development ofnational and supranational governance byconcentration on the specific but interrelatedissues of taxation, welfare (and particularlypensions) and employment policy. It has triedto define more accurately, on the basis of his-torical data, the possibilities of harmonizingEuropean policies in these areas.

After the publication of her book Europe inLove, Love in Europe. Imagination and Poli-tics in 1930s Britain, Professor LUISA PASSERI-NI’S research project on Europeanness andLove continues, now primarily on France, Italyand Francophone Switzerland. A newresearch was approved by Research Councilon Symbols for Europe, about the history ofsymbols representing the continent and thepresent ‘symbolic deficit’ of the EuropeanUnion. Together with Professors JOHN BREWERand BO STRÅTH she directs a project on Cul-tural Exchanges Between Europe andAmerica. She also participates in the Interna-tional Programme of Research Les identitéseuropéennes au XXe siècle directed byROBERT FRANK and GÉRARD BOSSUAT (Paris I),and is co-director of the sub-group ‘La sociétéeuropéenne depuis les années cinquante’with Professor KAELBLE of Humboldt Univer-sität Berlin.

An important part of Professor JAIME REIS’Sproject on Long-Run Economic Performancein the European Periphery: Scandinavia vs.the Mediterranean was completed this year.This concerns the study comparing levels ofincome per capita achieved by the variouscountries considered at the start of the longrun 19th-century growth process, i.e. around1850. The collection of data on wages, pricesand heights in 19th-century Portugal was alsocompleted and is being processed with a viewto gaining new perspectives on the little-understood growth process in that country.Finally, good progress was made with thecomparative study across the six countries ofthe sample as regards the development oftheir respective financial systems from 1850to 1914. A very marked difference separatesthe Scandinavian from the southern Euro-pean economies in this respect and providesan important pointer to the differential rates ofoverall economic growth. Reasons for such asharp divergence seem to reside largely ininstitutional factors and in the differences intheir capacity to attract foreign capital.

The focus of Professor RAFFAELE ROMANELLI’Sresearch and teaching is the Social Nature of

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Political Institutions and the Process of Legal-ization of Social Norms. Together with thehistory of the franchise and of local govern-ment, he is now studying the History of theJudiciary and of Governing ‘Magistratures’.This includes a reconsideration of the con-cept itself of ‘separation of powers’ as definedby legal doctrine and political thought and asinstitutionally implemented. The comparisonof the legal and administrative means ofgranting ‘independence’ to the judiciary in thevarious European legal systems would be thefollowing step. In order to verify how far, in dif-ferent contexts, judges are ‘independent’authorities, a number of historical issues areapproached such as: the question whethermagistrates (or judges) do constitute a socialgroup; the institutionalization of the profes-sion; the relations of the magistrates withpolitical and social powers.

Professor REGINA SCHULTE’S current researchis on the Specific Features of the Exercise ofMonarchical Power by Women in VariousEuropean Countries (England, France,Russia and Austria) in the Early ModernPeriod.

Professor BO STRÅTH, a joint appointment withthe Robert Schuman Centre is the director ofa research project in cooperation with theHumboldt Universität Berlin, sponsored bythe Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Founda-tion: The Cultural Construction of Communityin Modernization Processes. Sweden andGermany in Comparison (ConCom) (1996-9).For further activities see also Robert Schu-man Centre.

Conferences at the Institute

In collaboration with Prof. WETZELL from theUniversity of Maryland at College Park, Prof.BECKER organized an international conferenceon The Criminal and His Scientists. A Sympo-sium on the History of Criminology. This con-ference was made possible through thesupport of the German Historical Institute,Washington DC, the EUI, the CESDIP andthe GERN.

Prof. BREWER organized a workshop on: TheArt Market in Europe and America in theNineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, May.

Prof. DELILLE organized a workshop on Lig-nages et pouvoir dans les pays de la Méditer-ranée occidentale, XVe-XVIIIe siècles,December.

Prof. FONTAINE organized a round table on Lespratiques d’endettement des differentsgroupes sociaux, November.

In preparation for a new research project andseminar course which will start in February1999 Prof. MILWARD organized a workshop onThe Problem of Community Expansion 1961-73.

Prof. PASSERINI organized a Workshop onGender in the Production of History, October.

Prof. REIS organized a workshop on Mediter-ranean Agriculture in the 19th Century.

Prof. ROMANELLI organized a conference onIdentità politiche e partiti nell’Italia del 900,May, and two workshops on The couple intoday’s changing legal systems, and Court liti-gation in Modern Europe, May.

Prof. BO STRÅTH organized workshops onModernity and Religion in Europe and theMiddle East: Self-image and Image of theOther; Nationalism and Modernity, Film andHistory. The Conflict of Interpretations, April,From the Idea of Full Employment to the Flex-ibility Discourse, 1848. Commemoration inEurope, May, From Social to Political Vio-lence, October; Modernity, Enlightenment andGenocide.

Individual staff activities andconferences at other institutions

Prof. BECKER participated as expert at theTransatlantic doctoral seminar of the GermanHistorical Institute in Göttingen and presentedpapers at the following conferences: ‘Gott mituns’: Religion, Nation und Gewalt im 19. und

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frühen 20. Jahrhundert, MPG-conference,Göttingen; Denunziation und Justiz, MPI fürEuropäische Rechtsgeschichte, Frankfurta.M.; Die Entwicklung der Gewaltspirale.Phänomene, Dynamik und Funktion vonGewaltprozessen in interdisziplinärer Sicht,Göttingen; Documenting Individual Identity.The Development of State Practices in theModern World, Laguna Beach. In OctoberProf. Becker was nominated as member ofthe executive committee of the German asso-ciation for interdisciplinary criminologicalstudies (GIWK).

Prof. BREWER’S book The Pleasures of theImagination, English Culture in the 18thCentury, was awarded the Wolfson Prize forthe best history book by a British historian,and was shortlisted for a United StatesNational Book Critics Award in the section oncriticism. He participated with a paper in thefollowing conferences: The Politics of Art andthe Art of Politics, University of East Anglia;Art Museums Past, Present and Future:National and International Perspectives,Royal Academy of Arts, and Institute of His-torical Research, London; Economic andPolitical Power, Istituto Datini, Prato. Paperswere given also at the California Institute ofTechnology, Humanities Division, University ofChicago; Stanford University, GeorgetownUniversity, Florence Program; University ofWarwick, Eighteenth-centuries Studies group.

In the framework of the ‘Jacques Delors’Chair of the EC, Prof. DELILLE lectured at theuniversities of Aachen, Liège and Limburg.He co-organized the seminars of the Ecoledes Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales-Ecole Française de Rome-Università di Romaon Les représentations symboliques dupouvoir, XIXe-XXe siècles. He took part in con-ferences on Cadastres napoléoniens et struc-tures économiques et sociales en Italie duSud, Napoli, and on Sources narratives ethistoire sociale au XVIe siècle, Parma, and heacted as a member of the executive commit-tee of the International Economic HistoryCongress, section on European Nobility, 16th-18th Centuries.

Prof. FONTAINE is a member of the editorialboard of Actes de la Recherche en SciencesSociales’ and of the scientific committee ofthe International Organization for the Historyof the Alps. At the ESSHC-Amsterdam, shechaired a round table on Failure, Reputationand Social Networks, and with MAXINE BERG,Warwick University, and CRAIG MULDREW, EUI,she organized a panel on the Role of Womenin the Credit System, 16th-19th Centuries. Asa member of the scientific board of the IstitutoInternazionale di storia economica FrancescoDatini she co-organized a cycle of seminarson Economic Power and Political Power. Prof.FONTAINE lectured and presented papers atthe following: Paris, CRH-EHESS, workshopon Poverty and its Measures; Université deParis IV, colloque de l’association des histo-riens modernistes sur la montagne; Universitàdi Venezia, seminar on Regional Identities;XXXth ‘Settimana di Prato’; Università diNapoli, seminar on Family History; Universityof Warwick, conference on Luxury and theMarketplace in 18th-century Europe, Interna-tional Congress of Economic History, Madrid.

Prof. MILWARD is a member of the editorialboard of the Journal of European IntegrationHistory, of the International History Review, ofContemporary European History, and ofEuropa. He is also a member of the Groupede Liaison des Historiens ContemporainsAuprès de la Communauté Européenne. Hepresented papers to conferences at the Uni-versità di Firenze, at MGIMO UniversityMoscow, and at New York University. He alsogave a public lecture in the University ofAberdeen, research seminars at the universi-ties of Paris-1 (Sorbonne) and Trondheim(NTNU), and a course of lectures to theCuban Institute of International Relations.

As Visiting Professor in the History Depart-ment, New York University, Spring 1998 grad-uate seminar, Prof. PASSERINI gave a seminaron European Cultural Identity.

Prof. REIS was elected President of the Euro-pean Historical Economics Society, and wasre-elected to the Executive Committee of the

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International Economic History Association.He was also appointed to the PortuguesePrime Minister’s Commission of Inquiry Re-garding Monetary Transactions in PortugalDuring World War II. He was co-organizer ofSession B on Finance and the Making of theModern Capitalist World 1750-1931 at the13th International Economic History Con-gress in Madrid. He presented papers at theuniversities of Lund and Pompeu Fabra,Barcelona, at the Stockholm School of Eco-nomics, and at the conference on Long RunEconomic Change in the MediterraneanBasin, Istanbul as well as at the 13th Interna-tional Economic History Congress.

Prof. ROMANELLI is editorial advisor for histori-cal publications to Il Mulino, Bologna, and toCambridge University Press for the series onSociety, Culture and Politics in ModernEurope. He is a member of the editorial boardof the Journal of Modern Italian Studies, ofStoria Amministrazione Costituzione, and ofthe Scientific Committee for the Publication ofItalian Diplomatic Documents on Armenia. Hegave papers at the following: Ecole Françaisede Rome, European Social Science HistoryConference, Amsterdam, Università diPerugia, Accademia di Lettere Scienze e Arti,Venezia, Congresso di Storia del Risorgimen-to, Teramo.

Prof. SCHULTE is a member of the EuropeanResearch Group on Normativities and theInternational Association for the History ofCriminality and Penal Justice.

Prof. STRÅTH was a member of the commis-sion for professorship at the University ofÅrhus, Denmark, for the chair in 19th and20th century history (Johnny Laursen). He isexpert for the outlay and strategy of theDanish government commission on power.He organized a workshop on Memory andMyth in the Construction of Community,

Bivigliano. He was Discussant and on panelin a conference on the Americanization ofEurope in Forli (Università di Bologna). Healso presented papers at the UniversitätGiessen, and lectured at the following: IstitutoSvedese, Rome, University of Oviedo, ABFUppsala and Stockholm 2. Together with co-directors Professors BARTOLINI and RISSE,Prof. STRÅTH finalized the 1999-2000 Euro-pean Forum Between Europe and the NationState: the Reshaping of Interests, Identitiesand Political Representation.

Academic Activities

The Department has introduced new teachingprogrammes this year. The first week of theteaching year is exclusively devoted toresearch presentation by professors, new re-searchers and Jean Monnet fellows. Anotherweek in spring, about one month before thepresentation of the ‘June paper’, is againdevoted to a collective discussion of the workin progress. To facilitate confrontation be-tween different approaches and methodolo-gies, a set of eight ‘introductory courses’made up of four sessions each have beenorganized for first-year student researchers.They are run jointly by more than one profes-sor, and concern eight main fields of historicaldebate, viz. History of European Expansion,History of European Integration, History ofEuropean Identity, Social History of Europe,Economic History of Europe, European Cul-tural History, Anthropology and Society inEuropean History, History of Institutions inEurope. In addition, a Departmental seminaris organized, and autonomous researchgroups set up by the students are supportedby the Department.

17 Ph.D.s were successfully defended duringthe year.

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Staff Developments

Professors PIERPAOLO BATTIGALLi (PrincetonUniversity), ROGER FARMER (UCLA), ANDREAICHINO (Bocconi University and former EUIJean Monnet Fellow) and MASSIMO MOTTA(Universitat Pompeu Fabra) joined theDepartment in September. JAMES DOW left atthe end of 1998 to return to the London Busi-ness School.Michael Artis continued as Department Head.

The Department’s Jean Monnet Fellows in1998-9 academic year are GUIDO ASCARI (Uni-versity of Warwick), LEONARDO BARTOLINI(Federal Reserve Bank of New York),BERNARD FINGLETON (University of Cam-bridge), GIANMARCO OTTAVIANO (Università diBologna), BARBARA PISTORESI (Università diModena) and FRANCESCO SPADAFORA (Univer-sità di Siena).

Research Activities

MICHAEL ARTIS has continued his researchunder the twin headings of asset markets,structural convergence and European Mone-tary Policy and Business cycles and employ-ment in Europe. As regards Structural Con-vergence he and WENDA ZHANG have em-ployed cluster analysis to explore the identifi-cation of a ‘core group’ among prospectiveEMU partners. A hypothesis has been emerg-ing that the optimal currency area (OCA) cri-teria are, to a degree, endogenous. To studythis further, they are examining the evolutionover time of the OCA characteristics of theEuropean countries. The public policy interestof this research seems clear. It may be thatthe presently very different business cyclephase positions of, say, the UK and Germanyare not a great obstacle to a union embracingthe two. Closely related research is the study

carried out with JACQUES MÉLITZ and MARIONKOHLER, in which the IMF/OECD Direction ofTrade data set was used as the basis fordetecting which groups of countries mightform optimal currency unions based on tradeand business cycle symmetry criteria. In con-junction with MASSIMILIANO MARCELLINO, hecompleted an econometric examination of thefiscal solvency of European governments anda comparative analysis of the fiscal forecast-ing record of the principal international policyadvisory institutions (the IMF, OECD and EC).Work on monetary policy was conductedjointly with ZENON KONTOLEMIS, now at the IMF.They obtained a disaggregated CPI data setfrom Eurostat for most of the EU countriesand investigated a number of issues with it:including, inter alia, the characteristics ofalternative measures of core inflation(median, trimmed mean, the unobservedcomponents ‘common trend’); the extent ofnational deviations in expenditure weightsand the possible deviations of national fromEuropean CPI inflation rates which could bedue to Balassa-Harrod-Samuelson phenome-na. Regarding business cycles, he complet-ed, with WENDA ZHANG, a paper on the shift ofaffiliation of the business cycles of most Euro-pean countries from Germany to the US. WithJUAN TORO and others he employed a Markov-switching approach to a related problem – theissue here being to detect a common ‘Euro-pean’ cycle and then to decompose nationalcycles into a common European and an idio-syncratic component.

The title of PIERPAOLO BATTIGALLI’s researchproject is Foundations of the Theory ofDynamic Games and Applications to Eco-nomic Models with Incomplete Information. Itsscope is to explore the epistemic foundationsof the theory of games by rigorously formulat-ing transparent assumptions about howplayers update their beliefs when they receivenew and possibly unexpected informationwhile playing a dynamic game. Backwardinduction and several formulations of theforward induction principle are considered.The analysis is cast in the general frameworkof games of incomplete information where

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Departmentof Economics

belief revision plays a crucial role. The aim isto try to characterize known solution conceptsas well as to propose new ones suggested bythe epistemic analysis. In particular, severalvariations of the ‘rationalizability’ solutionconcept are considered. This analysis pro-vides a new perspective on modeling eco-nomic situations with incomplete, asymmetricinformation. It nicely complements the tradi-tional approach and tests the robustness ofits results in applications to specific economicmodels. In his joint work with MARCIANO SINIS-CALCHI of Princeton University, he is makingprogress in providing rigorous foundations togame-theoretic solution concepts relying onthe forward induction principle. In particular,he has recently provided an epistemic char-acterization of the Iterated Intuitive Criterion.

GIUSEPPE BERTOLA continued to work on hisproject, Distribution, Institutions, and Labour-market Dynamics; Policy Interventions inMonetary and Financial Markets. He analysesthe welfare effects of labour market rigidity ineconomies where workers cannot accessfinancial markets, and the implications of self-ensuring behaviour by workers for the equilib-rium configuration of dynamic labour marketsand for the distribution of economic welfare.Under the second heading, he worked on theempirical implications of reserve require-ments for the dynamic behaviour of moneymarket interest rates. Day-to-Day MonetaryPolicy and the Volatility of the Federal FundsInterest Rate with L. BARTOLINI and A.PRATI,IMF shows that the extent to which interestrate volatility increases towards the end ofeach reserve maintenance period reflectsmarket confidence in the authorities’ ability todefend their current target rate, and finds evi-dence for this theoretical effect in extensiveempirical work on U.S. data.

ROGER FARMER’s research project Growth,Exchange Rates and Self-Fulfilling Prophe-cies aims to develop small macroeconomicmodels, based on general equilibrium theory,that are capable of fitting the statistical prop-erties of time series data. His work has itsroots in Real Business Cycle Theory, an ap-

proach originating at the University of Minne-sota that is associated with laissez faire policyprescriptions. These prescriptions follow fromthe fact that models based on equilibriumtheory typically imply that markets, uncon-strained by government intervention, consti-tute an optimal mechanism for allocatingresources – a result that dates back to AdamSmith’s ‘invisible hand’. Along with a series ofco-workers he has been responsible fordeveloping an alternative view, also based onequilibrium theory, in which small departuresfrom the assumptions of standard theory leadto very different conclusions. Their work isoften referred to as the economics of ‘self-ful-filling prophecies’ since it seeks to explainphenomena such as speculative bubbles inasset markets or currency crises of the kindthat have surfaced recently in world financialmarkets. Unlike real business cycle theory,their work does not imply that governmentintervention in markets is counterproductive.

ANDREA ICHINO’S project extends to four yearsand he would like to concentrate his researchactivity on four areas: 1) Family networks andunemployment in Europe, 2) Family, educa-tion and labour market outcomes, 3) Labourrelations inside a firm, and 4) Evaluation ofpublic programmes for labour markets. Withineach of these research areas he plans toconcentrate on specific projects linked togeth-er by the application of microeconometricmethods for the analysis of labour marketsand social institutions.

The title of SØREN JOHANSEN’S researchproject is The Econometric Analysis andApplication of Statistical Models for Non-Sta-tionary economic time series. The projectcentres around the statistical methodology ofmultivariate cointegration analysis that he hasbeen developing over the last 15 years in col-laboration with KATARINA JUSELIUS. A problemthat has consumed much time is finding asmall-sample approximation to the tests pro-posed in the cointegrated VAR. He has sub-mitted a paper to the Journal of Economet-rics, where the Bartlett correction factor is cal-culated for a very general regression model

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with non-stationary regressors. In a subse-quent paper he has shown that the same cor-rection can be applied in the cointegratedvector autoregressive model to test hypothe-ses on the cointegrating coefficients. Finally,he has developed the same ideas applied tothe test for cointegration rank.

The title of RAMON MARIMON’S new researchproject is Credibility, Learning and Delegation.It covers different areas of macroeconomicswith two distinct emphases. First, and fore-most, it studies dynamic economies whereagents (and policy makers) must learn, cannot commit to complete contingent contractsor face other incentive (or institutional) con-straints and may have conflicting interestsover policies that may be decided throughdelegation. These restrictions have empiricaland normative implications. The idea is todevelop models that exploit these implica-tions. Second, as an application of the basicresearch, the programme addresses macro-economic problems facing EMU. It is not pos-sible to go very far in the study of EMU macroproblems without pursuing new lines of basicresearch in macroeconomics. For example,the current ‘EMU doctrine’ has three centralguiding principles. First, that fiscal restraint (inthe form of almost balanced budgets) isneeded to achieve the goals of price stabilityand overall economic efficiency. Second, thatthere is a ‘natural’ (or historical) way to dele-gate different policies; e.g. monetary policy tothe ECB, fiscal policy to sovereign nationalfiscal authorities. Third, that the EuropeanWelfare State must be reformed but that morecompetition and flexibility cannot be imple-mented at the expense of solidarity and secu-rity, two objectives that inspired the WelfareState. To analyse these issues carefully(leaving aside, if possible, ideological consid-erations) one must be able to rely on theoriesthat can tell us whether the proposed policiesare optimal in any well defined sense (e.g.subject to the appropriate incentive, or grouppressure, constraints). Unfortunately, classicalmacroeconomic theory (here identified with‘representative agent’ rational expectationsequilibrium models) falls short of providing a

framework on which to address these issues.But the new developments in recursivemacroeconomic theory, adaptive learning andpolitical economy could provide such a frame-work.

GRAYHAM MIZON’S ongoing projects coveredthe following: In joint research with ProfessorHENDRY (Oxford) he continued the analysis ofthe econometric conditions needed to sustainthe use of econometric models to assess thelikely effect of alternative economic policies.In particular, the value of selecting the bestforecasting model as the basis for empiricaleconomic policy analysis is questioned. Whenno model coincides with the data generationprocess, non-causal statistical devices mayprovide the best available forecasts: examplesfrom recent work include intercept correctionsand differenced-data VARs. However, theresulting models need have no policy implica-tions. A ‘paradox’ may result if their forecastsinduce policy changes which can be used toimprove the statistical forecast. Many of thechanges made in economic policy instru-ments are deterministic (e.g. the Bundesbankmight change its repro rate by 1%, leave therate unaltered for 6 months and then changeit by 0.3%, and so on), and in order to assessthe effect of these changes on target vari-ables (e.g. inflation rate or money demand) itis necessary to develop a new theory forpartial response analysis. In particular,impulse response analysis, which is common-ly used for economic policy analysis, is con-cerned with the effects of one-period randomimpulses and so is not appropriate. Profes-sors MIZON and HENDRY have demonstratedthe importance of the weak exogeneity ofpolicy instruments for the parameters linkingtarget variables to the instruments, as well asthe requirement of co-breaking betweentargets and instruments for policy to be effec-tive.

MASSIMO MOTTA’S research project Competi-tion Policy and Foreign Direct Investmentsdeals with two issues. The first one concernsthe field of competition policy. This is an areain which common practices often lack proper

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economic guidance. Industrial economistshave given relatively little attention to the is-sues concerned, and have not been able todevise models or theories which can be usedby practitioners and judges. In this field, the-ory can be useful only if it gives practical indi-cations about the welfare effects of certainpractices, and should possibly be cast interms of observables or variables which canbe checked in courts. Models which are tooabstract, or results which critically depend onsome delicate assumptions, would be of littleuse. An additional difficulty comes from thefact that without a good knowledge of thelegal framework it would be very difficult tocome up with policy recommendations.Further, much attention should be devoted toreal competition policy cases, to understandthe problems that judges and practitionersface.

Joint Research Activities

MICHAEL ARTIS is a participant in the TMRnetwork New Approaches to the Study ofEconomic Fluctuations (NASEF), in which theparticipants are working on new methods ofmeasuring the economic cycle and onexplaining the transmission of cyclical influ-ence between countries.

Within the research network of the Centre forEconomic Policy Research (London),GIUSEPPE BERTOLA co-authored SocialEurope:… One for All? a detailed researchreport analysing the challenges and opportu-nities facing the EU labour market and moregeneral social policies; he also started towork with a group of European economistson a report focused on similar issues inrespect of the EU accession of formerly-Com-munist Eastern European countries.

ANDREA ICHINO’S research project on family net-works and unemployment is part of the TargetedSocio-Economic Research project on LabourDemand, Education and the Dynamics of SocialEsclusion financed by the EU (contract No.ERB4142 PL97/3148)

GRAYHAM MIZON is a member of the HumanCapital and Mobility grant Econometric Infer-ence Using Simulation Techniques, (HumanCapital and Mobility Network, project numberCHRX-CT940514).

Academic Activities

The Department provides a series of taughtcourses in the first two years of the Ph.D. pro-gramme to which all the permanent facultymembers contribute. These contributionswere supplemented by courses provided bypart-time professors: PEDRO TELES, ALDO RUS-TICHINI, ANTHONY SHORROCKS, YVES BALASKO,RONNIE MACDONALD, RAY BARRELL. In addition,the Department organizes regular workshops,to at least one of which every student andfaculty member is dedicated. These work-shops – in Microeconomics, Macroeconomicsand Econometrics – allow for the presentationof work-in-progress by both faculty membersand students and by external speakers. Thereis also a weekly Departmental Seminar(sometimes two) at which external speakerspresent papers. The Department also benefitsfrom a seminar series in economic policysponsored by the Robert Schuman Centre,organized by the Joint Chair, Professor ARTIS.

In the Department’s Working Paper some 40additions were made. The second in theannual series of lectures sponsored by theEuropean Investment Bank was delivered on15 October by JOSEPH STIGLITZ, Senior VicePresident and Chief Economist of the WorldBank. Twenty-four Ph.D.s were successfullydefended. Members of the Department wereactive during the year in presenting seminarsand conference papers outside the Instituteas well as in supporting professional activitiesthrough participation in the activities of acad-emic journals and learned societies.

Individual Staff Activities

The following gives a few specific examples.

MICHAEL ARTIS continued as a ResearchFellow on the International Economics Pro-

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gramme of the Centre for Economic PolicyResearch (CEPR) and participated in aCEPR-led TMR group devoted to the study ofthe business cycle in Europe with an initialmeeting in Madrid. He presented his work atthe Annual Conference of the Royal Econom-ic Society at Warwick University, at a confer-ence on Monetary Policy of the ESCB: Strate-gic and Implementation Issues at UniversitàBocconi , and at other conferences at Trou-ville, Denmark, at the Middle-Eastern Techni-cal University, Ankara, the University of Cali-fornia, Berkeley, and the Universitat PompeuFabra, Barcelona. In addition he gave akeynote address at a SUERF colloquium inFrankfurt, attended a workshop at the Nation-al Institute of Economic and Social Researchin London and gave a seminar at the Bank ofSpain.

PIERPAOLO BATTIGALLI is associate editor ofResearch in Economics. Since coming to theEUI in September he has given invited lec-tures at the Third Conference on Logic andthe Foundations of the Theory of Decisionand Games in Torino and the Annual Confer-ence of the International Association of ItalianEconomists in Rome.

GIUSEPPE BERTOLA is a Research Fellow of theCEPR and the NBER. With TITO BOERI(former J.Monnet Fellow, now at UniversitàBocconi) BERTOLA organized a meeting withresearch officials from OECD, ILO, the Euro-pean Commission (DGII and DGV), and theBank of Italy on Employment protection regu-lations: Measurement issues and impact onemployment adjustment, July. He presentedinvited papers at the Conference on TenureLengths, LSE and at the European Meeting ofthe Econometric Society (ESEM), Berlin. Healso organized a panel on MacroeconomicPolicy after EMU at the European EconomicAssociation meetings, Berlin; gave speechesat the Centre for Economic Performance Con-ference on Employability, London and at theCentro Sismondi Conference on The Euroand the Dollar, Lucca, and gave seminars orlectures at the Universities of Bologna, Siena,Torino, the International Monetary Fund Train-

ing Institute, and Università Bocconi. He wasa member of the Banca d’Italia ‘Stringher’scholarship committee, serves as joint man-aging editor of Giornale degli Economisti edAnnali di Economia, and as an editorial boardmember of Review of Economic Studies,European Economic Review, and Macroeco-nomic Dynamics.

ROGER FARMER, since coming to the EUI inSeptember gave invited seminar presenta-tions at the Department of Economics, Uni-versity of Toulouse; the Bank of Portugal,Lisbon; at Ente ‘Luigi Einaudi’, Rome andserved as discussant at a Conference onFiscal and Monetary Policy in the EMU inBarcelona. He is associate editor of Macro-economic Dynamics and the Journal of Eco-nomic Growth.

ANDREA ICHINO served as organizer of the fol-lowing conferences where he also gavepapers: CEPR conference on Social Inequali-ties and Social Mobility, La Coruña, an invitedsession on the Economics of Education at theannual meeting of the European EconomicAssociation, Berlin, the annual meeting of theItalian Labour Economics Association,Trieste. He presented at the meeting of theMacArthur Inequality and Economic Perfor-mance Research Network, Bellagio; and atthe International Symposium on LinkedEmployer-Employee Data organized by theUS Bureau of Census, Washington D.C.. Hegave papers at seminars in the Universities ofBologna, Padova and Zürich. He is a memberof the Scientific Committee of the ItalianLabour Economic Association, of the Scientif-ic Committee of Il Giornale degli Economistiand of Lavoro e Relazioni Industriali.

SØREN JOHANSEN, together with KATARINAJUSELIUS, organized a conference on ‘Euro-pean Unemployment and Wage Determina-tion – Empirical Applications and EconomicMethods’, June, at the EUI. He gave invitedlectures at the CIDE, Bologna, at UniversitàBocconi, the Università di Venezia, in Flo-rence, at the European Society of Economet-rics Meeting (ESEM), Berlin and in Wien. He

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is on the editorial board of EconometricTheory and Econometrica.

RAMON MARIMON is a Research Fellow of theCEPR and NBER. He is co-editor of theReview of Economic Dynamics. He organizedthe Conference on Fiscal and MonetaryPolicy in the EMU in Barcelona. He attendedand presented his work at various confer-ences, some of which include the CEPR Con-ference European Summer Symposium inMacroeconomics in Tarragona; the PortugeseEconomic Association in Porto; CommonMoney, Uncommon Regions, Bonn; the Con-gress of the European Economic Associationin Berlin; the Conference on EconomicModels of Evolutionary Dynamics and Inter-acting Agents in Trieste; the CEPR Round-table meeting in Wien. He gave seminars atuniversities throughout Europe, namely, theuniversities of Valladolid, Carlos II, Madrid,Pavia, Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, DELTA-ENS and CEPREMAP and CREST in Paris.He also attended and participated in theKellogg Graduate School of Management,Northwestern University Summer Workshop

in Macroeconomic Theory and Stanford Uni-versity’s SITE 1998 Summer Program

GRAYHAM MIZON gave invited papers at theTenth Anniversary Celebration, CentroInteruniversitario di Econometria at CIDE(Università di Bologna), at the Conference onEuropean Unemployment and Wage Determi-nation at the EUI, at the European Meeting ofthe Econometric Society in Berlin, at theTheory and Evidence in MacroeconomicsConference at Università di Bergamo, and atthe EC2 Conference on Forecasting inEconometrics, Stockholm. He is joint editor(with C.W.J. GRANGER) of Advanced Texts inEconometrics, OUP, Associate Editor of theEconometric Reviews and Guest Editor (withGIAMPIERO GALLO) of the Special Issue onSimulation in Econometrics, EconometricJournal.

MASSIMO MOTTA, who came to the EUI in Sep-tember, organized a conference here onCartels and Collusion on 20 November. He isassociate editor of Economica and the Gior-nale degli Economisti.

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Staff Developments

In January, Professor GIULIANO AMATO (Univer-sità di Roma, at present Italian Minister forInstitutional Reforms) was appointed to thefirst joint chair with the Robert Schuman Cen-tre. In September, Professor GRÁINNE DEBÚRCA (Somerville College, Oxford) took upthe Chair in European Community Law, Pro-fessor CHRISTIAN JOERGES (Universität Bre-men) took up the Chair in European Econom-ic Law and Professor JACQUES ZILLER (Univer-sité de Paris I-Panthéon-Sorbonne) took upthe Chair in Comparative Public Law. Thethree part-time appointments to the Depart-ment’s shared Chair were also taken up fromSeptember: Professor CLAUS-DIETER EHLER-MANN (Member of the Appellate Body of theWTO – see the RSC Section), ProfessorKARL-HEINZ LADEUR (Universität Hamburg) toteach Criminal, Private and EnvironmentalLaw and Professor JEAN-VICTOR LOUIS (Uni-versité Libre de Bruxelles, Honorary LegalAdviser to the National Bank of Belgium) toteach in the field of European CommunityLaw. Professor JOSEPH WEILER (Harvard Uni-versity) was a part-time professor during theautumn term. Professor RENAUD DEHOUSSE leftin the autumn to join the Centre européen deSciences Politiques, Paris.In October, Professor MARIE-JEANNE CAMPANAsucceeded Professor PHILIP ALSTON as Headof Department.

The Department’s Jean Monnet Fellows in1997-8 were: Dr ANDREA BARENGHI (Universitàdi Urbino), Prof. DANIEL BODANSKY (Universityof Washington), Prof. KLAUS BOSSELMANN (Uni-versity of Auckland), Prof. CONSTANTINE DOUZI-NAS (Birkbeck College, London), Dr MICHELLEEVERSON (Universität Bremen), Prof. THEODORMERON (University of New York) and DrZUGONG YANG (University of Beijing).

The Department hosted Prof. KARL KLARE(Northeastern University, Boston) as SeniorFulbright Fellow, and as Visiting Fellows: Prof.DUNCAN BENTLEY (Bond University, Queens-land), Dr DER-CHIN HORNG (Institute of Euro-pean and American Studies, Taipei), MrJUSTIN MALBON (Griffith University, Nathan,Australia), Dr GABY MEYER (Universität Kiel),Prof. GERALD NEUMAN (Columbia University),Mr BARRY RODGER (Strathclyde University), DrIAIN ROSS (Industrial Relations Commission,Sydney), Prof. HANS SCHÜTZ (UniversitätRostock), Dr PRUDENCE TAYLOR (University ofAuckland), Dr CHRISTA TOBLER (University ofLeiden), Ms KATE TOKELEY (Victoria Universityof Wellington), Prof. LUC TREMBLAY (Sher-brooke University, Quebec), Dr ELLEN VOS(Universität Bremen), Prof. RAYMOND WACKS(Hong Kong University), and Dr OLA WIKLUND(Stockholm University) and within the EUI’sExchange Programme with the University ofWisconsin, Prof. JANE LARSON.

Research Activities

Professor PHILIP ALSTON started a new projectto explore the operations of the InternationalLabour Organization (ILO), in relation both toits role in promoting and monitoring respectfor social rights and its broader role in re-sponding to the various phenomena associat-ed with globalization. The objective is to ex-amine the compatibility of the assumptions onwhich the ILO operates with developmentssuch as a move away from collective bargain-ing and towards much less inclusive and lesstransparent ‘enterprise bargaining’, labour-market deregulation and the embrace of ‘flexi-bility’ as a principal policy goal, and the dimin-ishing capacity and will of governments to actas regulatory agents in relation to workingconditions (including health and safety, labourinspection etc.) and terms of employment(benefits, hours of work etc.).

Professor MARIE-JEANNE CAMPANA continuedwork on a comparative-law study of the effica-cy of securities, concentrating particularly onreal securities. The negative effects that secu-rities of this category may be associated with

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Department of Law

in collective procedures and the cumber-someness of applying them partly explaintheir decline by comparison with moveablesecurities in the business world. The privi-leges of the judiciary, the treasury or socialsecurity are to the fore here. These privilegesare generally pointed to by legal scholars asone of the causes for the absence of possibleredress for firms. It is useful to study the placelegislation gives them in each system in-volved, to inquire whether it is appropriate toreduce or eliminate them, on the pattern ofthe Danish legislation. She has continued herresearch in the area of the various Europeanlegislations regarding collective procedure or‘bankruptcy’.

Professor GRÁINNE DE BÚRCA’S new researchproject The Constitution of the EU: From Uni-formity and Harmonization to Subsidiarity andFlexibility was approved by the ResearchCouncil.

Professor CHRISTIAN JOERGES’S ongoing re-search on the Europeanization of Private Lawfocused on the interaction between the ECJand national courts. He prepared two editedvolumes on ‘Comitology’ and initiated two newprojects; one addresses the role of scientificexpertise in international conflict resolution; aseries of seminars, organized with ProfessorLA TORRE, will deal with The National Socialistand Fascist Heritage of Legal Thought inEurope.

Professor YOTA KRAVARITOU continued herinterdisciplinary research project on Law andLove in the European Union – with thesecond concept being taken in the broadestsense, covering such emotional factors assolidarity with the human rights guaranteedby European constitutions, or the feeling of‘belonging’, and their links with the citizenry.The conflicts between the two were consid-ered, as was the way law creates subjectivity,whereas love may constitute a screen thatprevents the perception of legal inequality.The research also related to the separationthat the criminal law sets up between the cor-poreal and the emotional. Finally, other

aspects were raised in the light of the shift inthe boundary between the public and the pri-vate sphere that has led to the decriminal-ization of adultery, abortion and homosexual-ity (but also, conversely, the criminalization ofsexual violence within marriage), and hasbrought radical consequences both for thefamily and for the womens’ labour market.

Professor MASSIMO LA TORRE is still workingon a project on citizenship, with special em-phasis on the new institution (European Citi-zenship) introduced by the Treaty on theEuropean Union. The book European Citizen-ship: An Institutional Challenge is a first resultof this project. Professor LA TORRE’S researchhas also developed along two further lines: onthe one side the elaboration of a generaltheory of law combining neo-institutionalismand a normative approach; on the other, re-search on the constitutional theory of the Wei-mar Republic, around the thought of threemain scholars, HERMANN HELLER, RUDOLFSMEND and LEONARD NELSON. In June Profes-sor LA TORRE organized a workshop whereProfessor JÜRGEN HABERMAS discussed hisphilosophy of law together with scholars suchas ROBERT ALEXY, JOSHUA COHEN, JOHN FINNISand OTA WEINBERGER.

Professor JEAN-VICTOR LOUIS presented aresearch programme dealing with the imple-mentation of monetary union in the EU. Thisproject includes the intervention of an existingnetwork of institutes all over Europe (TransEuropean Policy Studies) in order to collectand analyse reactions within the MemberStates towards the new process. It is conduct-ed jointly in the Law Department and theRobert Schuman Centre.

Professor SILVANA SCIARRA’S research projecton the interaction between national courtsand the ECJ moved into its final phase withwork on the investigation of all forms ofdynamic interaction among Courts as well asbetween the courts and other institutionalactors. A workshop in December broughttogether the project group and ten nationalcourt judges from various EU countries. This

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workshop was supported financially by theCommission through the Action Schuman.

Professor FRANCIS SNYDER’S research focuseson two areas, which increasingly overlap as aresult of globalization and the development ofthe WTO international trade regime. The firstarea is the constitutional law of the EU. Theproject analyses the developing principles ofEU constitutional law, together with its basicsocio-political constitutionalizing processesand the emergence of an EU legal and con-stitutional culture. The second area is traderelations between the EU and China. This re-search seeks to understand when, how andwhy various formal and informal means areused to deal with, and if possible resolve,international trade disputes between the EUand China.

Professor ZILLER’S research is developingalong two directions. His project on the effec-tiveness of controls over the administration inthe European Union has been approved bythe Research Council. In connection with thisresearch line the autumn seminar in compar-ative public law was on the control of regula-tory power in EU Member States. The otherdirection is relations between the nationallegal systems of all Member States and theCommunity legal system; in this connectionan Internet site on the ratification of the Ams-terdam Treaty was created in November.

Joint Research Activities

Prof. DE BÚRCA participated in the project onThe EU and Human Rights directed by Prof.ALSTON. Prof. SCIARRA continued to co-ordi-nate the Distinguished Lectures of the LawDepartment project, which in 1998 hostedProfessor Dr JUTTA LIMBACH, President of theGerman Federal Constitutional Court, and theRt Hon LORD BINGHAM OF CORNHILL, LordChief Justice of England.

Joint Activities with Outside Bodies

Prof. ALSTON directed a project, funded by theEuropean Commission, to draw up a Human Rights

Agenda for the EU for the Year 2000. Principalactivities included: a conference held at theEuropean Parliament in Brussels, a presenta-tion to the Subcommittee on Human Rights ofthe Committee on Foreign Affairs, Security andDefence Policy of the European Parliament,Brussels, and a conference involving the Ministerof Foreign Affairs of Austria to present theAgenda to the public.He worked with the UN HighCommissioner for Human Rights, MARY ROBINSON,to organize and chair a Round Table Discussionon Benchmarks for the Realization of Economic,Social and Cultural Rights, in Geneva and to chaira meeting on Integrating Economic and SocialRights into the Technical Cooperation Programmeof the Office of the HCHR.

Prof. DE BÚRCA completed, with Prof. PAULCRAIG of Oxford University, a project on Evolu-tionary Perspectives on EU Law, which theybegan in 1997.

Prof. JOERGES participated in Compliance inModern Political Systems, an interdisciplinaryproject conducted jointly with the political sci-entist MICHAEL ZÜRN, Universität Bremen, inthe context of the German Science Founda-tion’s programme on Governance in the EU.

Prof. LOUIs was a member of the group chairedby professors von BOGDANDY and EHLERMANN onConsolidation and Cohesion of the Primary Lawof the EU after Amsterdam. He chaired the ini-tiative committee which prepared the report Letus Build Together the Europe of the 21rst Centuryfor the Congress of Europe organized in May atthe Hague by the International EuropeanMovement.

Prof. SNYDER’S project on Dispute Resolutionin EU/China Trade Relations is being carriedout in collaboration with Prof. SONG YING ofPeking University. He is the founder and con-venor of the Working Group on the Sociologyof EU Law, which is part of the ResearchCommittee on the Sociology of Law under theaegis of the International Sociological Associ-ation. His research on EU/China trade rela-tions is part of the Trilateral Initiative of Uni-versity College London, Stanford Law School,

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and the University of Hong Kong. He is Re-source Person for a project on the effects oftrade associations on deregulation and regu-lation of domestic markets, based at the Uni-versity of Ritsumeikan, Kyoto.

Conferences at the Institute

Prof ALSTON directed the human rights seg-ment of the Academy of European Law. Heorganized a workshop to discuss and draft aEU Human Rights Agenda for the year 2000.Together with Profs. JOERGES and CAMPANA heorganized a conference on Private Law Adju-dication in the European Multi-level System,October. Prof. DE BÚRCA held a lecture courseon Subsidiarity and the EU in the Academy ofEuropean Law. Prof. JOERGES organized, withHARM SCHEPEL and ELLEN VOS, Delegationand the European Polity: The Law’s Problemswith the Role of Standardization Organiza-tions in European Legislation, RSC Confer-ence on The Political Economy of StandardsSetting, June. He also organized, with Prof.CAMPANA, Private Law Adjudication in theEuropean Multi-level System, October. Prof.KRAVARITOU organized conferences on Le droitchypriote: lieu de rencontre des divers sys-tèmes et cultures juridiques, January; LabourSex: Legal Aspects of Sexual Harassement inthe EU and US, September. Prof. SCIARRAgave a paper at the conference on PrivateLaw Adjudication in the European Multi-levelSystem. Prof. SNYDER lectured on LegalAspects of Trade Between the EU and China,Academy of European Law, EU ConstitutionalLaw and EU Trade Law, Summer School,Centre of European Economics and PublicAffairs, Dublin, May.

Conferences and LecturesOutside the Institute

Prof. ALSTON presented papers on the follow-ing occasions: course on Peace, Democracyand Human Rights for 30 Palestinian andIsraeli law students, International University ofPeoples’ Institutions for Peace, Rovereto; apublic lecture on Globalization, the IMF, theWorld Bank and Human Rights, Rovereto; a

seminar at the South African Parliament inCapetown; the launching of the South AfricanNational Poverty Inquiry, Johannesburg; atraining session for diplomats organized bythe International Service for Human Rights,Geneva; a conference organized by the Inter-national Federation of Red Cross and RedCrescent Societies, at WHO, Geneva; a con-ference organized by the Secretary-Generalof UNCTAD, Geneva; a seminar on the WTOorganized by the UN Special NGO Commit-tee on Development, Geneva; a colloquiumorganized by France Liberté and the Fonda-tion Danielle Mitterrand, UNESCO, Paris; theAustralian National University, Canberra; aconference co-sponsored by the Asia-EuropeFoundation and Die Zeit, Hamburg; a confer-ence of the Royal Netherlands Academy ofArts and Sciences, Amsterdam; and confer-ences organized by the Ministry of ForeignAffairs in Finland, and the Comune di Firenze.Prof. CAMPANA attended a number of confer-ences: the colloquium held in Paris by theAssociation des administrateurs juridiciareson problems raised by claims on moveablesin connection with collective procedures; thecolloquium held in Deauville by the Associa-tion Droit et Commerce on the rights ofminorities. She participated with a paper inthe legal cruise organized by the Paris Barand in the colloquium organized by ISAIDATat Turin University. Since arriving at the Insti-tute, Prof. DE BÚRCA participated in a round-table academic seminar, organized by theBritish Institute for International and Compar-ative Law/UK Foreign Office, London. Prof.JOERGES participated in the following confer-ences: Democracy in Europe – Integrationand Deliberation, University of Bergen; TheContribution of the German Jewish Jurists toJewish and Roman Law in Germany and ofGerman Jurists to American and Israeli Law,Jerusalem; Rethinking Constitutionalism inthe EU, Copenhagen; Compliance, Darm-stadt; European Consumer Law, Münster;Fourth General Meeting of the Project on TheCommon Core of European Private Law,Trento. Prof. KRAVARITOU took part in the fol-lowing conferences: The fear of the Workersand the Labour Law, University of Thrace; The

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Relationship Between Byzantium and Flo-rence, Cyprus; Equal Opportunities and Col-lective Bargaining, Milano; Representationand Participation of Women at Political Deci-sions, Bologna; Working Time, FemaleWorkers and Citizenship in EU, Gandia,Spain; Social Rights for European Citizens,University of Tampere. Prof. LADEUR gave apresentation on the occasion of the centenni-al of the Universität St.Gallen and participat-ed in a conference on Globalization of Lawand Society, Athens. Prof. LA TORRE present-ed papers at the Universidade Nova Lisboa;at the Istituto di Applicazione Forense Univer-sitià di Bologna, at the universities of Lecce,Murcia, Edinburgh, Dresden, Graz, Stras-bourg; at the Universidad Internacional Me-néndez Pelayo, Valencia and at the Faculty ofPolitical Sciences of the Università diMessina. Being a part-time professor at theEUI, Prof. LOUIS has a teaching activity at theUniversité Libre de Bruxelles; he is also visit-ing professor at the Université de Paris 1(Panthéon-Sorbonne). He participated, in asymposium on The European System ofCentral Banks: Relations Between NationalCentral Banks and European Central Bank,Université de Genève; and in the ECSA WorldCongress, Brussels. He held seminars atFordham University, New York, and for theAssociation of Foreign Lawyers in America(AFLA), New York. He attended a hearing onEMU and Institutional Reform, European Par-liament, Institutional Committee, a brain-storming meeting with a TEPSA delegationon the future of Europe, Commission ForwardUnit, a Conference on the EMU, Danish Insti-tute for Foreign Affairs, Copenhagen, a con-ference on the German Presidency of theCouncil of the EU, Institut für Europäische Po-litik, Bonn and TEPSA and a conference onFrom the Euro to the Widening: Which Per-spectives for Europe in 2002?, Institut d’Étu-des européennes, ULB. Prof. SCIARRA actedas discussant at the debate Il sindacato e lariforma della repubblica, Università di FirenzeDepartment of Political Sciences; she gavepapers at the URPT/ANCI conferenceRiforma dei servizi all’impiego – ruolo delleautonomie locali, Firenze, at the UK Associa-

tion for European Law, Conference on LegalIssues of the Amsterdam Treaty, London, atthe International Congress of the Sociology ofthe Law on Conflict and Rights in a Transna-tional Society, Courmayeur, at the IIRA 11thWorld Congress Developing Competitivenessand Social Justice: the Interplay BetweenInstitutions and Social Partners, Bologna, andat the conference A EU Human Rights Agen-da for the Year 2000, Wien. Prof. SNYDER par-ticipated in the following conferences: TheConstitution of the EU: Principles, Processesand Culture, Rethinking European Constitu-tionalism, University of Copenhagen; EMURevisited: Constitutional Aspects of EuropeanMonetary Union, Europe Day Conference,University of Macau; EMU and the EuropeanConstitution, International Sociological Asso-ciation Annual Meeting, Montreal; Conflictsand Rights in Transnational Society, spon-sored by the Centro di Prevenzione e di Di-fesa Sociale and Sociologia del Diritto; TheRole of Law in Economic Development inAsia, University of Hong Kong; EU Trade Lawand Legal Issues in EU-China Economic andTrade Relations, University of Wuhan, China.He lectured at the universities of Beijing,Firenze, Malta, Paris V-Poitiers, SyracuseUniversity in Florence, Wisconsin-Madison,Shanghai, Wuhan, University College Lon-don, the Chang An Club, Beijing, College ofEurope, Bruges, Institute of European Studiesof Macau, Malta, Export Trade Corporation,Valletta, and Institute of Bankers, Malta.

Other Relevant Activities

Prof. ALSTON at the end of 1998 completed hisseventh and final year as Chairman of the UNCommittee on Economic, Social and CulturalRights. He was Chairman/Rapporteur of theMeeting of UN Chairpersons of the HumanRights Treaty Bodies, and addressed the UNCommission on Human Rights in that capaci-ty. He continued to act as Co-Director of theAcademy of European Law and as Editor ofthe European Journal of International Law. Heis on the editorial boards of Third World Quarterly,International Journal of Children’s Rights,International Journal of Health and Human

24

Rights, Human Rights Quarterly, Peace Review,University of Pennsylvania Human Rights Series,Federal Law Review, Berkeley Journal ofInternational Law and the Australian Journal ofHuman Rights.He is a Board Member of the CarterCenter’s International Human Rights Council(Atlanta), the International League for HumanRights (New York), the Center for Economicand Social Rights (New York) and the InternationalCouncil on Human Rights Policy (Geneva).Prof.CAMPANA is a member of the Association Droitet Commerce and of the AEPPC (Associationeuropéenne des praticiens des procédures col-lectives).Prof.LOUIS is Editor of Les Cahiers dedroit européen, Director of the Collections of theInstitut d’Etudes européennes of the UniversitéLibre de Bruxelles, President of the ScientificCommittee of the Euro Institute of Lyons, Memberof the Committee on International MonetaryLaw of the International Law Association, Memberof the Board of TEPSA and Vice-President of theGroupe d’études politiques, Brussels. Prof.SNYDER was the first Robert Schuman Professorin the EU-China Higher Education CooperationProgramme. In this capacity he spent approxi-mately a month at the Chinese Academy ofSocial Sciences in Beijing. He is a Co-Directorof the Academy of European Law and thefounder and Editor-in-Chief of the EuropeanLaw Journal. He is a member of the Board ofEditors of the Modern Law Review, the Journalof Legal Pluralism, and the Review of AfricanPolitical Economy, and a correspondent forSociologia del Diritto. He is a member of theScientific Consultative Board, LLM in Law inAction, of the Research Board Committee of theEuropean and Economic Law Research Centre,Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa. He is amember of numerous academic and profes-

sional organizations, including the MassachusettsBar Association, the Law and Society Association,and the Asia-Pacific Forum and the AcademicsForum of the International Bar Association.Professor ZILLER is a member of the academiccommittee for the collection Réflexe Europe ofDocumentation française, and of the editorial boardof the Revue française d’Administration publique.He is a member of the Commission pour l’Etudesdes Communautés Européennes (CEDECE,the French section of the ECSA), of the Europeanpublic administration group (GEAP) of the FrenchPolitical Science Association (AFSP), of theFrench Association of Constitutionalists (AFC)and of the French Institute of AdministrativeSciences (IFSA).He is a consultant at the OECD(division of public administration (DUMA) and coop-eration with the countries of Central and EasternEurope (SIGMA).

The Academy of European Law

(Directors: Professors PHILIP ALSTON, RENAUDDEHOUSSE, FRANCIS SNYDER, JOSEPH H. H.WEILER)

The Academy held its ninth summer session.Each of the courses – the first on humanrights law and the second on EU law –brought together more than 80 participantsfrom all over the world. Similarly, the teachingbody, which included such distinguishedfigures as PETER LEUPRECHT (University ofQuebec), Judge CHRISTOPHER WEERAMANTRY(International Court of Justice), WILLIAM DAVEY(WTO) and JEAN-CLAUDE PIRIS (Council of theEU), made for a lively and intellectually stimu-lating session.

25

Staff Developments

Professor PETER WAGNER from the Universityof Warwick has been appointed to fill the chairon Social and Political Theory left vacant byProfessor ARPAD SZAKOLCZAI and will start inJanuary 1999. PETR LOM joined the Depart-ment as Visiting Professor in Political andSocial Theory this year. A graduate fromHarvard University, he was a Jean MonnetFellow in the Department last year.

Professor STEFANO BARTOLINI has been re-elected as Head of Department for anotherthree years. The Department is currentlyrecruiting two new professors, one in the fieldof Public Policy and the other in the field ofRegions: Politics, Administration and Society.

The Department’s Jean Monnet Fellows are:BIANCA BECCALLI (Università di Milano),WILLIAM K. ROCHE (University College Dublin),SERAPHIM SEFERIADES (Princeton University),MIGUEL ERNST VATTER (Colorado College),JOHN GLENN (Columbia University). TheDepartment hosted the following visitingfellows: TOM BURNS (University of Uppsala),JURG STEINER (University of Nor thCarolina/Universität Bern), RICHARD LEBOW(Ohio State University), NEIL FLIGSTEIN (Uni-versity Cal. Berkeley), WILSA SURAZSKA (Uni-versity of Bergen).

The research activities of Professors YVESMÉNY, THOMAS RISSE and JAN ZIELONKA arereported under the Robert Schuman Centre.

Research Activities

Professor STEFANO BARTOLINI has carried overhis project concerning the Domestic Conse-quences of the Processes of European Inte-gration. This inquiry into the consequence of

Union’s development for national political rep-resentation focuses on the issues of territorialdifferentiation and new cleavage structuringwithin the EU nation states.

Professor RICHARD BREEN’S new project onNational Patterns of Social Mobility, 1970-1995: Divergence or Convergence? is aimingto analyse the change in social mobilityregimes in 12 nations using survey data fromthe early 1970s and the early 1990s. Themain questions to be addressed are how, if atall, have patterns of social mobility and socialclass differences in intergenerational mobilitychances changed; and how can change, orthe absence of it, in mobility patterns be ex-plained by institutional and broader societalfeatures of the nation in question? For theongoing project Political Economy of LifeCourses in Advanced Societies (POLIS) workhas concentrated on acquiring the Britishdata for this comparative project and putting itin a form which allows event history analysisand which permits comparable analyses withthe German, American and Italian data.Analysis thus far has concentrated on threeparticular areas of the life cycle that areexpected to vary both cross-nationally andbetween different age cohorts. These are thetransition from education to the labourmarket; family formation; and the stability ofthe middle-career. For each of these focuswas put on the situation in the 1960s, themid-1970s and the 1980s, since these repre-sent, respectively, the ‘golden age’ of welfarecapitalism; the transitional period; and thepost-golden age period of welfare reform.

Professor COLIN CROUCH’S research on localeconomic development in certain districts ofFrance, Italy, Germany and the United King-dom has continued. An initial book on this,assessing the different models of governanceof local economies in use in the four coun-tries, mapping all areas of small-firm cluster-ing, and seeking to develop the sociologicaltheory of local economic development, will becompleted by March 1999. Meanwhile workhas begun on the second stage: detailed em-pirical work on certain districts (mainly the

26

Department ofPolitical and SocialSciences

machine tools industry and former steel-industry cities).

Professor ADRIENNE HÉRITIER’S EUI-fundedproject on The European Polity: Capturing the‘Nature of the Beast’ from the Policy Anglehas been completed. It led to a monographentitled Escaping the Deadlock: ShiftingPolicy Patterns in Europe, which has beenaccepted by Cambridge University Press. Thenew research project on the Liberalization ofPublic Utilities has so far compared the railand telecommunications sectors in Britain,France, and Germany under the aspect of‘service public’ goals. In a next step the Euro-pean policy with respect to the provision ofgeneral interest services will be analysed.

Professor CHRISTIAN JOPPKE finished his three-year project Immigration and the Nation-State: The United States, Germany, andGreat Britain, which led to a book which willbe published by Oxford University Press. Hestarted working on a new project dealing withImmigration and Citizenship in the EuropeanUnion. In addition, he was scientific co-direc-tor (with RENÉ LEBOUTTE from the Departmentof History and Civilization) of the EuropeanForum on International Migrations (See alsoEuropean Forum.

Professor P. LOM recently completed researchon Scepticism and Liberalism, publishing twobooks on the subject. He is currently workingon Eastern European political thought, nowpublishing an article in Political Theory on thissubject and currently translating a work (Platoand Europe) by the Czech philosopher JANPATOCKA for Stanford University Press. He isalso integrating this research into a widerproject on European Identity, the theme of hisgraduate seminar this academic year.

With the research assistance of NICHOLASGUILHOT and IMCO BROUWER, ProfessorPHILIPPE SCHMITTER has put together aresearch proposal (jointly with CLAUS OFFE ofthe Humboldt Universität) to the VolkswagenStiftung on Democracy Promotion and Pro-tection which was successful. He also began

collecting documents, contacting sources andputting together the data-bank for this project,and deriving various indicators for measuringProgress in the Consolidation of Democracy.IMCO BROUWER and Prof. SCHMITTER have con-tinued to work under a grant from the UnitedStates Institute of Peace to extend theDemocracy Promotion and Protection Projectto include the Middle East.

Joint Research ActivitiesWith Outside Participation

Prof. CROUCH’S above-mentioned project onlocal economic development in four Europeancountries is part of an international network,including collaborators at the Max-Planck-Institut, Köln, the Political Sciences Institute inParis, and the Università di Firenze.

Prof. JOPPKE was invited to join the Compara-tive Citizenship Project of the CarnegieEndowment for International Peace, whichconvened near Washington D.C. in June.

Prof. HÉRITIER’S Leibniz funded-project endedin November. Her research assistants, four ofwhom have been included in the regular EUIPhD programme, have contributed to a jointvolume entitled: Differential Europe: Euro-peanization as a challenge to Member-Statepolicies, which will be finished in spring 1999.

Conferences at the Institute

Prof. CROUCH participated as discussant in theRobert Schuman Centre conference on Be-yond Liberalization: Making Economic Policy inEurope and the Asia Pacific: Comparisons,Regions, Linkages and Lessons, October andhe presented a discussion paper at the confer-ence on Public Services and Citizenship inEuropean Law – Public and Labour LawPerspectives, Law Department, December.

Prof. JOPPKE organized two major confer-ences on Problems of Immigration Control(with Virginie Guiraudon) and on ImmigrantIntegration, within the framework of the Euro-pean Forum on International Migrations.

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Prof. SCHMITTER participated in the followingconferences held at the EUI: Problems andNeeds of Cinema and Fiction at EuropeanLevel; Lecture to Chinese Visitors to the EUI;SSRC Conference; two lectures at theCEEPA summer school; and the EU Stan-dards Conference at the Robert SchumanCentre.

Prof. VERDIER was a paper discussant at theRobert Schuman Centre Conference on ThePolitical Economy of Standards Setting, andat the Working Group on Trade, on DomesticResponses to Free Trade and Free Finance inOECD Countries.

Conferences Outside the Institute

Prof. BARTOLINI delivered papers at a confer-ence on Democracy – Some Acute Ques-tions, at the Pontificial Academy of Social Sci-ences, Vatican State; at a conference onBeyond Center-Periphery or the Unbundlingof Territoriality at the University of Berkley; ata conference on Il Partito politico nell’era dellaglobalizzazione at the Istituto di Cultura Re-pubblicana, Rome; at the International Con-ference on I nuovi confini d’Europa. Con-cezioni e modelli di democrazia nei paesi del-l’Europa Occidentale, Trieste.

Prof. BREEN presented papers at the followingconferences and workshops: the EuropeanConsortium for Sociological Research Con-ference on Rational Choice Theories andSociological Analysis: New Developments,Stockholm; the European Consortium forSociological Research Conference on Equali-ty and Inequality in Europe: the Role ofFamily and Social Networks, CastelvecchioPascoli, Lucca; Max-Planck-Institut für Bil-dungsforschung, Berlin; Department of Soci-ology and Social Anthropology, Tel Aviv Uni-versity, Israel; three lectures at the WorldCongress of Sociology, Montreal.

Prof. CROUCH presented a paper at the confer-ence of the Consiglio Nazionale di Economiae Lavoro, Rome, Sviluppi recenti nelle

relazioni industriali in Europa, and at confer-ences of the Society for the Advancement ofSocio-Economics, Wien; of the Arbeitskreisfür ökonomische und soziologische Studien,Wien; of the International Industrial RelationsAssociation, Bologna; and at the conferenceon Labour in Government: The ‘Third Way’and the Future of Social Democracy, Centerfor European Studies, Harvard University.

Prof. HÉRITIER presented papers: at the Hum-boldt Universität, Berlin; at the MPI für Gesell-schaftsforschung, Köln workshop on TheAdjustment of National Employment and So-cial Policy to Economic Internationalization,organized by Prof. FRITZ. W. SCHARPF; atLaguna Beach in Prof. ALEC STONE’S seminar;and at the Conference organized by BRUNOJOBERT on Les dynamiques croisées desrégimes de politiques publiques et de la régu-lation de l’ordre politique, at the MPI, Köln.

Prof. JOPPKE gave a paper at the workshop onThe Politics of Affirmative Action and theDevelopment of Multicultural Citizenship:Euro-US Perspectives, at NYU. Prof. LOMgave an invited lecture at Pompeu Fabra Uni-versity in Barcelona.

Prof. POGGI was invited as paper presenter ordiscussant at the following conferences: Con-ference on Talcott Parsons, Università diTrento; Conference on European Studies,Baltimore, USA; Conference on Max Weber,Goethe Institut, Università di Roma 3; Confer-ence on The Communist Manifesto after 150Years, New York University; Conference on AirForce Tasks in the 21st Century, Italian AirForce Academy, Firenze; Annual Meeting ofthe American Sociological Association,Section on History of Sociology, San Francis-co; Conference on Quale cultura per l’Eu-ropa?, Roma.

Prof. SCHMITTER gave papers at the followingworkshops and conferences: The Meaningand Measuring of ‘Governance’, UNDP, NewYork; three lectures on Lessons for Mercosurfrom the European Union, CEFIR, Montev-ideo; Democratic Consolidation in South

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Africa: Progress and Pitfalls, HSRC, Johan-nesburg and NED, Washington; The Consoli-dation of Democracy, Mexico City; Democra-cy and the Rule of Law: Institutionalizing Citi-zenship Rights in New Democracies, McGillUniversity, Montreal; Social Transformations inCentral and Eastern Europe, CNRS andEuropean Science Foundation meeting,Paris; The Fate of Consociationalism inWestern Europe, 1968-1998, Harvard Univer-sity; International Relations and Democracy,Warsaw, International Forum for DemocraticStudies and Stefan Batory Foundation; Sym-posium on Institutional Requirements forEuropean Economic Policies, organized byArbeitskreis für ökonomische und soziologis-che Studien, Wien; Human Rights in ModernDemocracies, Bergen, Christian MichelsenInstitute; Caxambu; Brazilian National Associ-ation of Research and Graduate Studies inSocial Sciences Brazil.

Prof. VERDIER presented papers at the AnnualMeeting of the American Political ScienceAssociation, Boston, and at the AnnualMeeting of the International Studies Associa-tion, Minneapolis.

Staff Lectures and Seminars at Other Institutions

Prof. BARTOLINI gave lectures at the followinguniversities: Arena Institute, University of Oslo;Faculty of Political Sciences, Università di Siena;Humboldt Universität, Berlin.

Prof. CROUCH gave a series of lectures for theEuropean MSc in Industrial Relations, Univer-sità di Firenze, Prato. He also gave lectures atthe Instituto Juan March, Madrid, and at theCenter for European Studies, Harvard Univer-sity.

Prof. HÉRITIER attended the first annualplenary meeting in Paris in the framework ofthe Thematic Network in Political Science,Group on Europe and the workshop in Kon-stanz on The Rules of Integration: an Assess-ment of the Institutionalist Turn in EuropeanStudies.

Prof. POGGI gave lectures and had otherengagements at the following academic insti-tutions: Lecture at Scuola Superiore di Scien-ze della Cultura, Modena; Lecture at Universi-ty of Scranton, Pennsylvania; Lecture at Uni-versity of L’Aquila; Visiting Professor, Institutfür höhere Studien, Wien; Hans Speier Visit-ing Professor, New School for Social Re-search, New York; Lecture at BrooklynCollege, New York; Lecture at Princeton Uni-versity.

Prof. SCHMITTER gave a number of lecturesand seminars at the following institutions: theuniversities of Milano, Firenze, Leiden, Kon-stanz, Lüneburg, Amsterdam, Lisboa, Ipa-nema, Syracuse University, Firenze, Wirt-schaftsuniversität Wien; Savaria InternationalSummer School, Szombathely; ECPR PhDSummer School, School for Social Research;Dutch Labour Party’s Scientific Institute, Ams-terdam; Lisboa, Fundação Mário Soares;Instituto Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro.

Prof. VERDIER gave lectures at the InternationalPolitics Colloquium at The Graduate Institute ofInternational Studies in Geneva and at theAnnual Meeting of the Academy of InternationalBusiness in Wien, and was a panel discussantat the Annual Meeting of the International StudiesAssociation in Minneapolis on Business andGovernment: at Home and Abroad, and onDemocracy and Tariffs.

Other Relevant Activities

Prof. BARTOLINI has become a Member of theAdvisory Board of the Cambridge UniversityPress: series Themes in European Gover-nance. Prof. BREEN has been elected to Mem-bership of the Royal Irish Academy.

Prof. CROUCH is an external scientific memberof the Max Planck Institut für Gesellschafts-forschung, Köln. He continued to serve as aDelegate to the Oxford University Press, andas a member of the editorial boards of ThePolitical Quarterly, Stato e Mercato, and theEuropean Journal of Industrial Relations.

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Prof. POGGI is a member of the editorialboards of: Rivista italiana di sociologia; Inter-sezioni; Current Sociology, European Journalof Social Theory.

In addition to Prof. SCHMITTER’S participationon the editorial boards of The Journal ofDemocracy, La Revue Internationale de Poli-tique Comparée, Stato e Mercato, the SwissPolitical Science Review, Politiques et Soci-

etés (Quebec) and Pole Sud (Montpellier), hecontinues to participate in various researchcommittees and working groups of the Inter-national Political Science Association, theECPR and the Centre d’Etudes de PolitiquesPubliques in Montpellier. From 29 June to 13July, he was guest lecturer on a ‘FloatingSeminar’ for Stanford University Alumni fromLisbon to Rouen.

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Staff Developments

In January the Centre welcomed ProfessorGIULIANO AMATO – currently Italian Minister forInstitutional Reforms – to the first joint chairwith the Law Department. His principal re-search project is on The Ebb of Regulation inEconomic Activities. Deregulation, Re-regula-tion, Types of Regulation and RegulatoryLevels. He also chairs the Reflection Groupon The Long-Term Implications of EU En-largement: the Nature of the New Border. Heco-directs the Competition Policy workshopand co-ordinated the group of experts whoprepared the report for the European Parlia-ment: What Constitutional Charter for theEU? MARTIN RHODES, Senior Research Fellowat the RSC since 1995, was appointed asResearch Professor by Academic Council inOctober.

Research Activities

The research activities of the Centre areorganized around three major issues.

What is Europe?

What Future for Europe?In co-operation with LE MONDE and otherEuropean daily newspapers, the RSC is orga-nizing a series of lectures around the generalquestion What Future for Europe? The RSChas invited eminent personalities who willaddress this question in the form of lecturesor debates. Its ambition is to strengthen thefragile evolution of a European ‘public space’(HABERMAS) by stimulating debate in the Euro-pean press. The first lectures were presentedon: European Integration: the Second FrenchRevolution? by Prof. WEILER (Harvard Univer-sity) and Three Scenarios for Europe by Prof.AMATO.

What Constitutional Charter for the EU?The European Parliament requested theCommission to submit, before the EuropeanCouncil of December 1998, a report with pro-posals for a comprehensive reform of theTreaties. The Parliament asked the RSC toexplore possible ways of bringing the Euro-pean treaties closer to the form of a Constitu-tion. The RSC produced a report in which thefirst and main option starts from the results ofthe Amsterdam Treaty regarding the simplifi-cation and the consolidation of the treaties.The RSC’s earlier Unified and SimplifiedModel of the European Communities Treatiesand the Treaty on EU in Just One Treaty wasupdated and improved. The report attempts todevelop a model for a ‘Constitutional Charter’which reorders and restructures the constitu-tional-like provisions of the existing treaties.The second option is to restate the elementsin the ‘Constitutional Charter’ drawn up by theCourt of Justice. The third option contem-plates the possibility of adopting a new treaty(as in the Spinelli and the Herman projects),and aims to ‘constitutionalize’ the treatyamendment procedure. The group of expertswas coordinated by Prof. AMATO.

Citizen’s Participation in the EUThe project directors are Professors JEANBLONDEL, RICHARD SINNOTT (University CollegeDublin) and PALLE SVENSSON (University of År-hus).After the publication of a first study Peopleand Parliament in the EU.Participation, Democracy,and Legitimacy (OUP) a new project has beenlaunched, under the auspices of the EuropeanConsortium for Political Research on NewApproaches to the Aggregate Data Analysis ofElectoral Participation. The study showed thatimprovements in levels of electoral participa-tion depend markedly on the extent to which theelection campaign reaches the bulk of the voters.This means enlarging on the study, mainly by us-ing panels of electors as well as monitoring theactivities of political parties and the media.

Eastern EuropeProfessor JAN ZIELONKA’S research focused ondemocratic consolidation in Eastern Europewith a special emphasis on international and

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The RobertSchuman Centre

transnational factors. This interdisciplinaryproject which is co-directed by ALEX PRAVDA,St Antony’s College, Oxford, RONALD INGLE-HART, University of Michigan and H.-D. KLINGE-MANN, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin, analysesdemocratic developments in 15 post-commu-nist countries in three parts: 1) InstitutionalEngineering, 2) Civil Society, and 3) ExternalFactors. He also continued his work on East-ern Enlargement of the EU. In this context aReflection Group on the Long-term Implica-tions of the EU Enlargement and two Acade-mic Steering Committees were set up. Individ-ual components of the project were financedby and organized jointly with the AustrianMinistry for Transport and Science, the Aca-demy of Finland and the European Commis-sion (DG1 A and the Forward Studies Unit).

Social and Political Problems of Europe

The programme in economic policy seeks toconcentrate resources on issues of relevanceto economic policy in Europe.

European UnemploymentUnemployment continues to be the singlemost important problem in economic policytoday. The momentum built up by DG V fund-ing of three conferences on this topic through1995/6 and 1996/7 was continued in 1997/8with four major seminar presentations – fromMARCO BUTI and colleagues in DG II, fromJØRGEN ELMESKOV at OECD, from PAULORMEROD at the Henley Centre for Forecast-ing and from RAY BARRELL at the NIESR.

European Monetary IntegrationThe process of European monetary integra-tion reached a peak in 1997/8. The pro-gramme, directed by Prof. MICHAEL ARTIS,contributed to understanding of the function-ing of the monetary union in three ways. First,evaluating the merits of direct inflation target-ing as an operational strategy for the Euro-pean Central Bank. This work (conducted.inconjunction with ZENON KONTOLEMIS (IMF) andPAUL MIZEN (University of Nottingham) waspresented at conferences in Warwick, Milan,Copenhagen and in Berkeley. Second, work

continued on evaluating the characteristics ofthe European Business Cycle. Adding to TMRfunding, finance was also obtained from theBank of England and from the LeverhulmeFoundation. Evidence on the subject wassupplied to the UK House of Commons Com-mittee on the Treasury and Civil Service in-vestigating the circumstances under which itmight be appropriate for the UK to participatein the European Monetary Union (EMU).Asymmetries in cyclical positions continue topredominate among the current and the pros-pective members of EMU. A cluster analysisof divergence was prepared and presented toconferences in Ankara and Frankfurt. Thethird strand of work was represented by theoverview exercised over the Ecco l’euro pro-ject carried out in the Municipalities of Fiesoleand Pontassieve

EU-Border Regions and the EuroThis project – directed by Dr MARC R. GRAM-BERGER and co-financed by the EuropeanCommission (DG X) and the European Parlia-ment in the framework of the PRINCE Pro-gramme – tries to ascertain some of the ef-fects of the introduction of the euro on peopleand SMEs in border regions. After field workand interviews in the regions of Alsace(Colmar) and Baden (Freiburg) along theFrench/German border, the findings supportthe assumption that the introduction of theeuro will, in the short run, increase citizen’soverall cross-border activity to a small extent.

The Transformation of the Idea of FullEmployment to a Flexibility DiscourseThis research, directed by Professor BOSTRÅTH, focuses not on the unemployment is-sue per se but on the conceptual and inter-pretive adjustment of societies in Europe to adramatic structural change in labour markets.The project finished its first phase of studyingthe emergence of a new policy-making dis-course on labour-market flexibility. In a work-shop on The Flexibility Discourse, the mainquestions dealt with the cultural and historicalheritage of full employment in different nation-al European settings and what this heritagemeans given the shift to labour-market flexibil-

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ity. In the second phase the European scenewill be compared to the US in terms of policydiscourse. A seminar series directed by Pro-fessors KARL KLARE, SILVANA SCIARRA and BOSTRÅTH is being organized from the autumn inco-operation with the History and Law De-partments.

Competition PolicyThanks to initiatives of Professors GIULIANOAMATO and CLAUS DIETER EHLERMANN – both,until recently, prominent competition-policyenforcers at EU and national levels respec-tively – the RSC is now an international focalpoint for research on competition policy andmarket regulation. The third annual competi-tion workshop dealt with Information andCommunications Networks. It examined therole of competition law in the rapidly evolvingnetwork markets underlying the developmentof the so-called ‘information society’. Prof.EHLERMANN has also been responsible forother workshops and meetings on competi-tion and market regulation. The EuropeanElectricity Regulation Forum set up jointlywith the European Commission (DG XVII)aims to provide a neutral and informal envi-ronment for discussion of issues related to lib-eralization and pro-competitive regulation ofEU electricity markets. Two meetings wereheld in February and in October. The RSCalso hosts the Annual Competition Seminar ofthe International Bar Association which con-vened in September.

Welfare StatesThe RSC is promoting a research programmeon European welfare states directed by Pro-fessor MARTIN RHODES. From September, thisprogramme has been run in close collabora-tion with the 1998-9 European Forum onRecasting the European Welfare State:Options, Constraints, Actors. (See also underEuropean Forum.)

EnvironmentEnvironmental issues are a permanent RSCresearch theme. The Summer School (6-10July) organized by ANDREA LENSCHOW and fundedby the European Commission (DG XI) on

Environmental Policy Integration:The Greeningof Sectoral Policies examined the Europeanintegration process in two policy areas (agriculture,transport) and on various levels of policy making(global, EU, Member State and subnational). Anew environmental project, connected with theMediterranean Programme, is already in progress.Entitled Toxic Substances in the MediterraneanSea:Global Regulations and Local Constraints,this research, under the direction of ProfessorYVES MÉNY, is coordinated by visiting fellows JÉRÔMEVALLUY and CHLOÉ-ANNE VLASSOPOULOU.

Europe and the World

Mediterranean ProgrammeIn the autumn, the Mediterranean Programmeat the RSC has been launched thanks to thegenerous support from Ente Nazionale Idro-carburi (ENI), Ente Cassa di Risparmio diFirenze, and Mediocredito Centrale. It focusesits research first of all on the Mediterraneancountries of the Middle East and North Africa(including Jordan), and other countries suchas Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. The Pro-gramme has indicated three research themes(Tourism, Fiscal Systems and Migration) andfive research areas: Islam and politics (andeconomics); business and politics; imagesand discourses; political regime analyses; andthe Euro-Mediterranean partnership. The Cityof Florence sponsors two post-doctoral fel-lowships and the Italian Foreign Affairs Min-istry gives five doctoral grants.

International RelationsThe programme on Ideas, Institutions andDomestic Change, directed by ProfessorTHOMAS RISSE, includes two research projectsfunded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemein-schaft and the EUI. The first project investi-gates the impact of international human-rights norms on domestic change in severalThird World countries and looks particularly atthe effects of domestic and transnational prin-ciple-issue networks on such change. Thesecond project examines the Europeanizationof collective national identities in the UK,France, and Germany from the 1950s on-wards. With regard to his studies on Euro-

33

peanization processes, the related transat-lantic project with co-directors JAMES CAPORA-SO (University of Washington) and MARIAGREEN COWLES (Georgetown University) on‘Europeanization and Domestic Change’ hadits third Project Workshop in June. Prof. RISSEalso organizes a bi-monthly InternationalRelations colloquium.

Japan and Europe in the Global EconomyIn the framework of this programme, set upjointly with the Japan Foundation and directedby Professor MARTIN RHODES, a second con-ference Beyond Liberalization: Making Eco-nomic Policy in Europe and the Asia Pacific –Comparisons, Regions, Linkages andLessons, was held at the Institute in Octoberin collaboration with the Centre for the Studyof Globalization and Regionalization atWarwick University.

Democratization, Party Systems, and Eco-nomic Growth in East and Southeast AsiaThis research, directed by Professor JEANBLONDEL in collaboration with Professors T.INOGUCHI (University of Tokyo and formerlyVice-Rector of the United Nations University)and I. MARCH (University of New South Wales)and sponsored by the United Nations Univer-sity, was completed. Eight scholars or teamsof scholars from the countries concernedundertook case studies on the basis of acommon framework: to evaluate the degree ofdemocratization in these States, the mainfocus being on the development of a working,pluralistic party system, to explore the likelycompatibility between democratization andsustained economic growth; and to assessthe likelihood of the emergence of a distinc-tive ‘Asian’ pattern of democracy.

Support to Working Groups

The Robert Schuman Centre suppor tsWorking Groups coordinated by researchersof the Institute: the Working Group on theEnvironment, on International Relations, onCentral and Eastern Europe, on Gender, andon Telecommunications and the InformationSociety.

Jean Monnet Fellowsand Visiting Fellows

Fellows come to the RSC for periods of be-tween six months and two years to work onsubjects related to the Centre’s research pro-grammes. The Jean Monnet Fellows were: DrBURKARD EBERLEIN (Universität Konstanz); DrCLAUDIO FOGU (Ohio State University); DrMARKUS HAVERLAND (University of Utrecht); DrWALTER MATTLI (Columbia University); DrPIERRE MULLER (Fondation nationale des sci-ences politiques, Paris); Dr CLAUDIO RADAELLI(University of Bradford); Professor ALECSTONE SWEET (University of California, Irvine);Dr VERONIKA TACKE (Universität Bielefeld); DrMARK THATCHER (London School of Econom-ics); Dr DANIEL THOMAS (University of Illinois);and Dr ANTJE WIENER (Universität Hannover).Visiting Fellows join the Centre for shorterperiods and included: Professors FILIPPOANDREATTA (Università di Bologna); KEITHBANTING (Harvard University); DIDIER BIGO(Institut d’Études politiques, Paris); JAMES A.CAPORASO (University of Washington); STEFANDE RYNCK (DG XVI, European Commission);Professors GRAEME GILL (University ofSydney); JÉRÔME GRÉVY (Institut d’Étudespolitiques, Paris); CHRISTOPHER HILL (LSE);PETER KING (University of Sydney); SIMONAPIATTONI (University of Tromsø); Dr SUZANNESCHMIDT (MPI, Köln); Professor GORDON SIL-VERSTEIN (University of Minnesota); Dr STELIOSSTAVRIDIS (University of Reading); Dr WISLASURAZSKA (University of Bergen); JÉRÔMEVALLUY (CEVIPOF, Paris); Professor AMYVERDUN (University of Victoria); and CHLOÉANNE VLASSOPOULOU (Université de Paris II –Panthéon/Assas).

Jean Monnet Chair Visitors and Special Guests

The Centre also hosts eminent figures fromthe academic, business or political world forbrief periods under the aegis of the JeanMonnet Chair. In 1998 the visitors were:LIONEL BARBER (Financial Times correspon-dent in Brussels); Professors THOMAS C.HELLER (Institute for International Studies,

34

Stanford Law School); JEAN-VICTOR LOUIS(Institut d’Études européennes, UniversitéLibre de Bruxelles); CHARLES S. MAIER (Direc-tor of the Center for European Studies,Harvard University); RENATE MAYNTZ (MPI,Köln); GUY PETERS (University of Pittsburgh);MARTIN SHAPIRO (School of Law, University ofCalifornia); FRITZ W. SCHARPF (Director of theMPI, Köln); JENONNE WALKER (US Ambas-sador in Prague) and Professor HELENWALLACE (Sussex European Institute).The Special Guests were: PASCAL MARAGALL(former Mayor of Barcelona, and Università diRoma III); JACOB SÖDERMAN (EuropeanOmbudsman); KAREL VAN MIERT (Commission-er for Competition, European Commission);JÉRÔME VIGNON (Head of the Forward StudiesUnit, European Commission); JOSEPH H. H.WEILER (Harvard University).

Major Conferencesand Workshops

In addition to the conferences already men-tioned, the RSC held a number of confer-ences and workshops, organized with the col-laboration of members of the Institute and ofEuropean institutions: International RelationsWorking Group, Norms and Interests in Inter-national Politics: Methodological Queries inStudying International Relations; Prof. ZIELON-KA, The Eastward Enlargement of the EU: TheCase of the Czech Republic and Slovakia;Democratic Consolidation in Eastern Europe:International and Transnational Factors; Pre-paring for the ‘Acquis’: Administrative Capaci-ty and Legal Culture in Central and EasternEurope; Comparing Different Routes to theEU: Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the CzechRepublic; Meeting of Reflection Group onLong Term Implications of EU Enlargement;Prof. RISSE, Local Governance and Interna-tional Intervention in Africa; (with) Prof. MÉNY,Governance in the EU; (with) JAMES CAPORA-SO and MARIA GREEN COWELS, Europeaniza-tion and Domestic Change; (with) MARTHAFINNMORE and DANIEL THOMAS, Applying Con-structivism to Real World Problems; WorkingGroup Socio-Economics, The Application ofIdeal Types in the Analysis of Socio-economic

Issues; Prof. STRÅTH, Nationalism and Moder-nity; Working Group on Trade, and DANIELVERDIER, Domestic Responses to Free Tradeand Free Finance in OECD Countries; BOSTRÅTH with FRANCIS DEMIER, From Social toPolitical Violence; BRUNO DENTE, EvaluatingEnvironmental Policies; WALTER MATTLI, ThePolitical Economy of Standards Setting;LESLIE HOLMES and J. DRYZEK, Democratiza-tion of Eastern Europe; Alec Stone Sweet.The Institutionalization of European Space.

The RSC produced over fifty publicationssuch as Working Papers, Jean Monnet ChairPapers, Policy Papers and reports. More thantwenty books directly issuing from researchconducted at the RSC were published bymajor publishers.

Additional Staff Activities

Prof.AMATO directed a seminar at the ColumbiaUniversity Law School.He delivered lectures atthe Università di Siena, at the Public Law Centrein Athens, at the Centre for Policy Studies in London,at the Istituto Italiano di Cultura in London andat Trinity College Dublin.

Prof. ARTIS (see Economics Department)

Prof. MÉNY presented papers at the Universi-ties of Siena and Trieste; he spoke twice atthe Sorbonne; he also delivered a paper inAthens and gave the introductory presenta-tion to the Conference I mezzogiorni d’Eu-ropa – lo sviluppo delle regioni del Mediterra-neo in Palermo. He is a member of the Editor-ial Advisory Board of the Journal of CommonMarket Studies. He has been appointedmember of the Comité national pour un nou-veau développement des sciences humaineset sociales set up by the French Ministère del’Education nationale, de la recherche et de latechnologie and member of the ManagementCommittee of the European Institute ofCyprus, co-funded by the Cyprus Govern-ment and the Commission of the EU.

In conjunction with his human rights project,Prof. RISSE collaborates in a project with

35

KATHRYN SIKKINK (University of Minnesota) andSTEPHEN ROPP (University of Wyoming). Withco-directors Professors BARTOLINI and STRÅTHhe finalized the 1999-2000 European ForumBetween Europe and the Nation State: theReshaping of Interests, Identities and PoliticalRepresentation. He presented papers,chaired sessions, or co-organized the follow-ing conferences: Council of European Studiesin Baltimore; conference the Role of Ideas inComparative Politics and International Rela-tions, Princeton; conferences of the DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft on studying ideas,Universität Erfurt; American Political ScienceAssociation in Boston; 3rd Pan EuropeanConference on International Relations, Wien;3rd German-Japanese Conference on Inter-national Relations, Universität Tübingen;Annual Conference of the Deutsche Gesell-schaft für Politikwissenschaft, Bonn; Work-shop on Transnational Civil Society, spon-sored by the Japanese Council for Interna-tional Exchange in Honolulu; conference ToUnite and Divide, Università di Firenze; andconference The Power of Human Rights.International Norms and Domestic Change,at Katholische Akademie Weingarten. Hegave lectures at the Universität Bremen, theFU Berlin, and at the MPI für Gesellschafts-forschung, Köln. He is a member of the edito-rial boards of International Organization,European Journal of International Relations,International Studies Quarterly, Schweiz-erische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, and

Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen. Healso serves on the executive committee of theInternational Politics section of the GermanPolitical Science Association.

Prof. RHODES presented papers at the MPI f.Gesellschaftsforschung, Köln, the Universitiesof Nottingham, Warwick and Umeå, at a con-ference on Migration and the Welfare State inContemporary Europe at the EUI, at the Uni-versity of Madison-Wisconsin, and in Pavia.He also gave lectures at the summer schoolon The Welfare State in Crete and at Syra-cuse University, Florence, and acted as aconvenor at the Ionian Conference on TheFuture of Europe in Corfu.

Prof. STRÅTH (see Department of History andCivilization)

Prof. ZIELONKA presented papers at confer-ences in Florence organized by the Consigliodella Regione Toscana, and in Trieste orga-nized by the Observatory on Democracy inEastern Europe. He participated in and con-tributed to the Transatlantic Forum in Warsaw.He gave lectures or seminars at the JohnsHopkins University (SAIS) in Bologna, at theEUI Summer School of University College,Dublin and at Syracuse University, Florence.Prof. ZIELONKA is a member of the editorialboards of Acta Politica and the Journal ofEuropean Integration and a board member ofthe Locatelli Foundation.

36

This year the activities conducted and coordi-nated within the Forum comprised:

The completion of the 1997-8 Forum onInternational Migration: Geography, Poli-tics and Culture in Europe and Beyond,directed by Professors CHRISTIAN JOPPKE(Department of Political and Social Sci-ences) and RENÉ LEBOUTTE (Departmentof History and Civilization);

The beginning of the 1998-9 programmeon Recasting the European Welfare State:Options, Constraints, Actors, directed byProfessors MAURIZIO FERRERA (Universitàdi Pavia and Università Luigi Bocconi,Milano) and MARTIN RHODES (RSC).

The preparation for and selection offellows of the 1999-2000 Forum onBetween Europe and the Nation State: theReshaping of Interests, Identities andPolitical Representation, directed by Pro-fessors STEFANO BARTOLINI (Department ofPolitical and Social Sciences), THOMASRISSE (Department of Political and SocialSciences and RSC) and BO STRÅTH(Department of History and Civilizationand RSC).

International Migrations: Geography, Politics and Culture in Europe and Beyond

The following Forum members, representingfour academic disciplines (law, history, politi-cal science, and sociology) were present in1998: VALÉRIE AMIRAUX (Institut d’Études poli-tiques, Paris), MARIA IOANNIS BAGANHA (Univer-sidade de Coimbra), MARTIN BALDWINEDWARDS (Panteion University, Athens),ROLAND BANK (MPl, Freiburg), MICHAELBOMMES (Universität Osnabrück), ANDREW

GEDDES (University of Liverpool), VIRGINIEGUIRAUDON (Princeton University), EWAMORAWSKA (University of Pennsylvania),BRUNO RAMIREZ (Université de Montréal),YASEMIN SOYSAL (Harvard University); CATHER-INE WIHTOL DE WENDEN (CERI – Centre d’É-tudes et de Recherches Internationales,Paris).

Weekly seminars by the fellows and guestsand a string of conferences pursued fourbroad themes: differences and communalitiesof past and present migrations; the embed-dedness of migrations in the rise and transfor-mation of the modern State system; problemsof integrating immigrants in the receiving soci-eties; and the immigration problematique inthe emergent European Union. Among thevarious themes pursued in this Forum, the‘Europeanization of lmmigration’ was perhapsmore prominent than the others. A variety ofseminars and conferences dealt with theorigins, pathways, and official labelling ofmigration movements to Europe. Five confer-ences or workshops were organized onForced Migrations in the 20th Century:Context and Consequences, February, orga-nized by RENÉ LEBOUTTE and EWA MORAWSKA;on Migrations, Minorities and New Forms ofCitizenship in the European Union, March,organized in collaboration with ERCOMER(University of Utrecht); on Integrating Immi-grants in Liberal States, May, co-sponsoredby the European Commission (DG XII) andorganized by CHRISTIAN JOPPKE; on Migrationand the Welfare State in ContemporaryEurope, May, organized by MICHAEL BOMMESand ANDREW GEDDES; on Dilemmas of Immi-gration Control in a Globalizing World in June,organized by CHRISTIAN JOPPKE and VIRGINIEGUIRAUDON and co-sponsored by the Euro-pean Commission (DG XII).

Almost sixty conference/workshop papersand four working papers were produced. TheJournal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, in aspecial issue: ADRIAN FAVELL (guest editor),The EU: immigration, asylum and citizenship,Vol. 24, No. 4, published the proceedings ofthe ERCOMER/Forum workshop.

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European Forum

Recasting the EuropeanWelfare State: Options,Constraints, Actors

Eleven Forum fellows participated in theForum activities from September to Decem-ber: ELISABETTA ADDIS (University of Rome);VALERIA FARGION (University of Florence); ANAGUILLÉN (University of Oviedo); STEIN KUHNLE(University of Bergen); FRANÇOIS-XAVIERMERRIEN (University of Lausanne); LUISMORENO (Institute for Advanced SocialStudies, Spanish National Research Council);ANN ORLOFF (Northwestern University);AUGUST ÖSTERLE (Vienna University of Eco-nomics and Business Administration); BRUNOPALIER (Institut d’Études politiques and Uni-versity of Paris 1); SALAVATORE PITRUZZELLO(Columbia University) and FIONA ROSS (Uni-versity of Bristol).

This Forum got off to a flying start betweenOctober and December, with a lively weeklyseminar series, the convening at the EUI ofthe Max-Planck Institut (Köln) project on Inter-nationalization and the Welfare State and aninternational conference on Social Assis-tance. The aim of this Forum is to bring to-gether an international group of scholarsworking on various aspects of Welfare Statereform from different disciplinary perspec-tives, in order to generate a stimulating cross-fertilization of ideas. The subjects covered byForum fellows in the series included TheGeography of Social Citizenship (VALERIAFARGION), Gender and the Reform of Italian

Welfare (ELISABETTA ADDIS), Recent WelfareReforms in the US (ANN ORLOFF), PathDependence and French Welfare Reform(BRUNO PALIER), The Spanish ‘Middle Way’(LUIS MORENO), Equity and Long-Term Care(AUGUST ÖSTERLE), Swiss UnemploymentPolicy (FRANCOIS-XAVIER MERRIEN), WelfareReform after Maastricht (SALVATORE PITRUZZEL-LO) and The Politics of Welfare Retrenchment(FIONA ROSS).

In 1998, three European Forum Yearbookswere published by Kluwer Law International,HEINZ-GERHARDD HAUPT, MICHAEL G. MÜLLERand STUART WOOLF (eds.), Regional andNational Identities in Europe in the 19th and20th Centuries/Les identités régionales etnationales en Europe aux 19e et 20e siècles;MASSIMO LA TORRE (ed.), European Citizen-ship: an Institutional Challenge and OLWENHUFTON and YOTA KRAVARITOU (eds.), Genderand the Use of Time/Gender et emploi dutemps. Other publications related to the ‘Citi-zenship’ Forum were: MARK FREEDLAND andSILVANA SCIARRA (eds.), Public Services andCitizenship in European Law. Public and Labour Law in Perspectives, Oxford: Claren-don Press, and with contributions by ForumFellows of the ‘Citizenship’ programme, YURIKAZEPOV and GIOVANNA PROCACCI (eds.), Inchi-esta, special issue, La cittadinanza in discus-sione, XXVIII, No. 120. Articles issuing fromthe ‘Gender’ Forum were published in Revuesuisse de science politique and Time andSociety.

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Applications and Admissions

By comparison with last year, the number ofapplications for admission in September 1998decreased slightly, from 1,587 to 1,429, withthe figure for Member States down by a frac-tion to 1,220 applications. The number ofnational grants available for first-year admis-sions for 1998/9 was 129. The ratio of appli-cants to admissions was thus some 10 to 1.This was in line with the general trend ob-served in Member States. By September, withfurther grants made available by private andpublic foundations (viz. European InvestmentBank, Vasco da Gama Programme, FulbrightCommission), 132 new research studentswere admitted. Although funds for studentsfrom Central and Eastern Europe againproved difficult to procure, 7 new studentsfrom Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland and Romaniawere able to register, thanks to grants from

the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and theTEMPUS Programme. The EUI is grateful tothe national authorities of Luxembourg forrenewing the scholarship awarded last year toa Bulgarian student in the Department ofPolitical and Social Sciences.

Introduction Programme andExtra-Curricular Activities

First-year studies started with the usual introductoryprogramme, which was reinforced by special ses-sions per Department, chaired by Dr. ANDREASFRIJDAL, Head of the Academic Service. Thetasks of the different services and the membersof the administrative staff were presented, andthe academic rules and regulations for researchstudents were explained.Researchers receivedpractical information on Florence and matterssuch as health support and insurance, culturaland leisure activities.

During 1997/8, various initiatives were taken inorder to stimulate social activities at the Institute,resulting in the creation of the 4B (Body and BrainBoosting Board) made up of academic andadministrative staff and of research students.ThePresident and Secretary-General have taken a

39

Research StudentDevelopments

New research students 1998/99 with the President

special interest in this matter. Activities includ-ed excursions, hikes, chess tournaments, thusbringing staff and students closer together.Also,steps were taken to assist research students withaccess to medical support.

Academic Programme

Academic Rules and Regulations for Re-search Students for the Doctoral Programmewere revised and approved by AcademicCouncil in November. The section regarding

40

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

Application numbers (1991-1998)

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998Appl. Adm. Appl. Adm. Appl. Adm. Appl. Adm. Appl. Adm. Appl. Adm. Appl. Adm. Appl. Adm.

B 16 4 24 2 38 4 34 5 40 5 26 5 23 5 14 2D 143 17 145 14 161 17 184 10 207 18 183 19 179 14 151 19DK 19 6 37 5 35 5 21 3 17 5 25 4 17 4 26 5E 186 12 177 12 181 13 169 11 202 15 226 12 200 16 175 11F 107 13 149 14 149 13 157 15 172 12 158 13 169 14 155 12GR 53 5 49 4 49 5 47 4 84 6 57 5 72 5 108 7I 163 15 149 16 277 16 306 16 382 15 374 16 444 17 349 16IRL 24 3 52 2 54 4 53 2 57 4 39 3 34 5 25 4L 2 0 6 0 2 0 5 1 3 0 1 1 4 0 0 0NL 27 8 31 5 66 11 81 6 91 11 70 4 64 10 44 6P 18 5 25 2 57 7 55 5 58 4 50 7 42 7 30 6UK 131 18 128 16 157 11 133 16 120 14 114 14 102 13 73 10

A 1 0 2 1 3 20 2 23 5 33 5FIN 0 1 2 2 3 8 2 16 2 13 2S 2 0 1 2 1 16 3 21 3 24 4A, FIN, S 21 47 54 59 76

Total EU 910 109 1019 93 1280 111 1304 99 1509 116 1367 110 1410 120 1220 109

CH n.r. 2 n.r. 4 n.r. 2 n.r. 1 n.r. 2 13 1 12 1 11 1N n.r. 0 n.r. 0 n.r. 0 n.r. 0 n.r. 2 4 1 7 2 2 0

C.&E. Europe 132 11 113 14 172 10 130 4 119 2 117 0 97 8 112 7Other non-EU 42 1 79 4 53 7 67 6 75 2 66 6 61 8 84 15

Total Appl. 1084 1211 1505 1501 1703 1567 1587 1429Total Adm. 123 115 130 110 124 118 139 132

41

ABDDKEFFINGRIIRLLNLPSUK

3314

15126

175155

13108349

250

44302473

1220

ABDDKEFFINGRIIRLLNLPSUK

Total EU

Total Non-EUTotal EU

112

11284

2091220

1429

CHNC. & E.E.Other

Total non-EUTotal EU

EU & non-EU

Share of applications from EU in 1998

Share of applications from Non-EU in 1998

the Doctorate was also approved by HighCouncil in December. The major changesfrom the previous rules consist in reducingtime-to-submission and student status fromseven to five years. This will be brought about

through more structured supervision require-ments.

The Institute again participated in the EUSocrates-Erasmus Programme, with student

exchanges between the EUI and ten partnerinstitutions (V.U. Amsterdam, Århus, Bergen,Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences so-ciales Paris and Marseille, Humboldt-Univer-sity Berlin, University College Dublin, LondonSchool of Economics, Paris-Sorbonne andVienna). The Institute continued to send, andhost, students through the inter-universityagreements with four US universities (Berke-ley, New York, Wisconsin and Columbia).

In May, on the 50th anniversary of the Con-gress of Europe, 12 research students tookpart in the conference at the Hague on ‘Let’sbuild Europe of the 21st Century’ with thesupport of the European Federal Movement.Taking advantage of the longstanding trainee-ship arrangement with the European Com-mission in Brussels, ten research studentswere able to work for five months in units rele-vant to their research. The Institute is gratefulto Mr. JEAN-CLAUDE EECKHOUT, Director at theSecretariat-General, for advising the studentsand for his help in placing them in the appro-priate units.

Completion and Time-to-degree

In 1998, 82 doctorates were awarded (81 atthe EUI and one defended elsewhere). Themedian time-to-degree in this group was 4.2 years,and the percentage of researchers completingin less than 4 years was 50%.Taking the last twoperiods of four years (1991-4 and 1995-8) wesee that the completion rate has increased sig-nificantly.While in the first group just over a halfof researchers completed their doctorate, thesecond group shows an overall completion rateof 76%. The improvement can be put down tothe specific effort teaching staff have put into theorganization of the doctoral programme, with par-ticular regard to teaching and supervision.Also,the regulations for the doctoral programme wererevised during this period (in 1993 and again in1998).The number of doctors finding work in univer-sities and international organizations has con-tinued to increase over this period, showingthat the quality of the doctorate has not sufferedas a result of the modifications introduced intothe programme.

42

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

19791978

19811980

19831982

19851984

19871986

19891988

19911990

19931992

19951994

19971996 1998

Year at EUI elsewhere

1978 0 11979 3 01980 6 51981 8 71982 10 91983 9 51984 5 41985 17 41986 13 51987 15 61988 30 31989 25 31990 20 91991 28 31992 39 11993 47 21994 48 111995 65 51996 63 31997 87 11998 81 1Total 619 87

Doctorates awarded to EUI research students since 1978

Doctorates Awarded in 1998

Department of History and Civilization

Work, Organization and Conflict: the Bricklayers ofMadrid, 1870-1914JUSTIN BYRNE

Il sistema bancario Italiano all’estero e l’inte-grazione finanziaria internazionale dell’Italia neglianni tra le due guerreROBERTO DI QUIRICO

The Dynamics of the Firm in a Changing Environment.A Case Study on Ford and the Spanish Motor Industryin Historical Perspective (1900-1990)SALVADOR ESTAPE TRIAY

La povertà impossibile. Monache, famiglie e propri-età in Italia (sec. XVI-XVIII)SILVIA EVANGELISTI

Crescimento urbano, regulação e oportunidadesempresariais: A construção residencial em Lisboa,1860-1930JOSÉ ALVARO FERREIRA DA SILVA

Familia y mercado: El género en la industrial-ización de la fábrica de tabacos de Sevilla, 1887-1945LINA YOLANDA GÁLVEZ MUÑOZ

The Johnson Circle – A ‘Radical’ Intellectual Com-munityDAMON HAGER

El Proceso De Acercamiento Hispano-Holandés(1648-1678). La defensa de la estabilidad frente aldesafío franco-britanicoMANUEL HERRERO SANCHEZ

Migrating Greece: Historical Enactments of Migra-tion in the Culture of the NationIOANNA LALIOTOU

Le tre morti di Pietro Pagolo Boscoli. Gesuiti ederetici al confronto.LUIGI LAZZERINI

Mots (dits) écrits. Formes et valeurs de la diffusiondes idées au 18ème siècle au PortugalJoão Lisboa

The Early Phase of Catalan Industrialization,1830-1861.JUAN RAMÓN ROSES VENDOIRO

The Scales of Justice: Law and the Balance ofPower in the World of Venetian Guilds, 1550-1700.JAMES SHAW

The Marshall Plan and the Stabilization of WesternEurope. Counterpart Funds and Corporatist Trends

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1995-1998 at EUI at EUI total EUI elsewhere total doctoral intake Completion rateunder 4 years over 4 years (1990-1993)

HEC 29 42 71 2 73 108 68%ECO 41 36 77 0 77 88 88%LAW 43 27 70 5 75 101 74%SPS 43 35 78 3 81 108 75%total 156 140 296 10 306 405 76%% 53% 47% 100%

1991-1994 at EUI at EUI total EUI elsewhere total doctoral intake Completion rateunder 4 years over 4 years (1986-1989)

HEC 19 25 44 10 54 105 51%ECO 22 13 35 4 39 63 62%LAW 31 15 46 2 48 84 57%SPS 12 25 37 4 41 73 56%total 84 78 162 20 182 325 56%% 52% 48% 100%

Doctorates defended

in Italy, France and Western Germany 1947-1952CARLO SPAGNOLO

Lector Scepticus. La recezione della tradizionescettica e la formazione del pubblico in areatedesca (1680-1750)FABIO TODESCO

Pouvoir et conflits dans l’Empire Ottoman. La ré-volte de 1849-1850 dans la Principauté de Samos.NIKOLAOS VAFEAS

Familas, formas de união e reprodução social nonoreste português (séculos XVII e XIX)ANA SILVIA VOLPI SCOTT

Department of Economics

Essays on Consistency in Economic Modelling:Stability of Equilibrium, Behavioural Rationality andHeterogeneity of Preferences.ETIENNE BILLETTE DE VILLEMEUR

Private Lending to Sovereign Countries. EfficientBilateral Risk-sharing with Incentive-compatible,Renegotiation-proof International Debt-contractsLUDGER BIRKENDORF

The Dynamics of Poverty in Spain: the Permanentand Transitory PoorOLGA CANTO SÁNCHEZ

Living Standards in Transition: the Case of Uzbek-istanALINE COUDOUEL

An Analysis of the Labour Supply Reactions ofBritish Women to their Husbands’ Unemployment.AEDIN MAIRE DORIS

Real Exchange Rate Determination in Spain andTwo Essays on Learning TheoryGONZALO FERNÁNDEZ DE CÓRDOBA

American Skill Differentials in the Short and in theLong RunSUSANA GARCIA CERVERO

Essays on Employees’ Financial Participation –Employee Ownership in the US and Profit Sharingin PortugalLUIS FILIPE GENS MOURA RAMOS

Univariate Exchange Rate Forecasts: Approximat-ing Non-Linearity of Unknown Form.PAOLO GUARDA

Essays on the Arbitrage Pricing Theory andWavelet Analysis.MICHAELA KIERMEIER

Essays on Imperfect Competition and Firm Hetero-geneityANDREW LEWIS

R & D Cooperation and the Efficiency of Competi-tionANDREA LO FARO

Empirical Factor Demands: Specification, Estima-tion and InferenceMATTEO MANERA

Testing Dynamic General Equilibrium Models withApplication to Calibrated and Simulated BusinessCycle Models.MARIA EVA ORTEGA ESLAVA

Quality Discrimination for Redistributive PurposesANNA PETTINI

Essays on Distributive Policies and EconomicGrowthGÜNTHER REHME

Price Formation in the European Car IndustryNATHALIE SCHUELLER

Four Essays and a Note on the Demand for Lotter-ies and how Players choose their Numbers.JONATHAN SIMON

Decentralisation and Regional Equity in Russia.Three Essays on Intergovernmental Transfers andthe Financing of Education.KITTY STEWART

Innovation and Industrial OrganizationBRUNO VERSAEVEL

Strategy and Structure. An Information-ProcessingApproachBAUKE VISSER

Robust Estimation of Panel Data with an Applica-

44

tion to InvestmentRIEN WAGENVOORT

Essays in Unemployment Duration in two Econo-mies in Transition: East Germany and HungaryJOACHIM WOLFF

Overcoming the Last Obstacle in Sustainable Ru-ral Development of Monsoon-Asia. The Japaneseand Chinese Models and a Proposed New ModelJIANMING ZHOU

Department of Law

L’harmonisation de la fiscalité de l’épargne dansles pays de la CommunautéELLI ASSIMACOPOULOU

European Competition Law and Anti-competitiveMeasures by the Member States. Towards LegalPrinciples Ensuring the Coherence of Two Levelsof GovernanceULLA BOEGH NEERGAARD

After the Cold War: Does International Trade andFinancial Law Matter?VASSIL BRESKOVSKI

L’importation juridique et la Cour constitutionnellehongroise: l’exemple du droit à la dignité humaine,1990-96CATHERINE DUPRÉ

Etablissement des avocats dans l’Union europé-enneKATARZYNA GROMEK-BROC

Much Ado About Nothing? An Assessment of theEuropean Convention for the Prevention of Tortureand Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punish-mentCAMILLA KJELDSEN

Managing Globalisation. International Cooperationin Economic Regulation.LARAINE LAUDATI

Le Droit des activités sportives travaillées.FRANÇOIS MANDIN

Contract Through Integration. The Impact of the

EC Directives on Unfair Terms on National Re-gimes of Law of Contract.LEONE NIGLIA

Il tribunale di primo grado delle Comunità Europee:un’analisi sociologico-giuridicaMARIA-CRISTINA REALE

International Reservation of Title Clauses betweenLegal Certainty and Flexibility. A Study of Dutch,French and German Private International Law inthe Light of European Law.JACOBIEN RUTGERS

Civil Authority and Military Power. Soldiers andEnglish Law, 1628-1832STEPHEN SKINNER

L’européanisation de la négociation collective.Expérience et virtualités.GEORGES THEODOSSIS

The Changing Conception of Differentiation inEuropean Union Law.FILIP TUYTSCHAEVER

Puissance publique et puissance privée dans l’in-terventionnisme économique: approche historiqueet de droit comparéPIERRE-PAUL VAN GEHUCHTEN

The International Criminal Tribunal for the FormerYugoslavia and the Co-operation of StatesLUISA VIERUCCI

Department of Political and Social Sciences

The Development of Small Business in Britain,1970-1990: Politics and PoliciesZINA ASSIMAKOPOULOU

L’indipendenza del Federal Reserve System. Lacollocazione istituzionale della banca centrale nel-l’ambito delle Independent Regulatory Agenciesamericane.STEFANIA BARONCELLI

Towards a Relational BioethicsCATERINA BOTTI

Saving the Seeds of Deliberative Democracy?

45

Institutions for the Environment in Central Europe:Case Studies of Public Participation in Environ-mental Decision-making in Contemporary HungaryJOANNE CADDY

Tunisian New Entrepreneurs and their past Experi-ences of Migration in Europe: the Formation ofNetwork MechanismsJEAN-PIERRE CASSARINO

Parlamento e politica di difesa in Italia, 1948-92CIRO D’AMORE

The One, the Two and the Many. Autonomous,Self-Interested and Interacting Individuals inImages of Social Order within ContemporarySocial ThoughtCELIA DE ANDRADE LESSA

Economy, Ecology and the State: Globalizationand Sustainable Development in Brazil.VALÉRIE DE CAMPOS MELLO

Hacia una explicación de la construcción de identi-dades colectivas entre inmigrantes: el colectivoMarroquí en EspañaNURIA DEL OLMO VICEN

The Institutional Bases of Chile’s Economic‘Miracle’ – Institutions, Government DiscretionaryAuthority (DA) and Economic Performance undertwo Policy RegimesMARIO EDUARDO DRAGO CAMUS

Electoral Deviancy as Normality: Modelling Left-wing Voter Defection to the Extreme Right inFrance.JOCELYN EVANS

The Political Economy of Regionalism. State-society Relations in Nine European Regions.JÜRGEN GROTE

Situating Laughter: Amusement, Laughter andHumour in Every Day LifeEDUARDO SALVADOR JAUREGUI NARVAEZ

Telecommunications Policy Reform in SouthernEurope: A Comparative Analysis of Greece, Spainand Portugal.MICHELLE KOSMIDIS

The Importance of Small Differences. the Impact ofEuropean Integration on the Associations in theGerman and Dutch Road Haulage Industry.DIRK LEHMKUHL

Western Europe and the Breakup of Yugoslavia: APolitical Failure in Search of a Scholarly Explana-tionSONIA LUCARELLI

Organising for Victory… and Defeat? the Organi-sational Strategy of the Spanish Workers’ SocialistParty (1975-1996).MONICA MENDEZ LAGO

Le Organizzazioni criminali tra mercati illegali estrutture del Consenso. I casi di Napoli e Marsiglia,1820-1990.PAOLA MONZINI

Interests or Expectations? The Problem of Credibilityof Exchange Rate Policy: an International PoliticalEconomy Approach.The cases of Italy and the UnitedKingdom and their Departure from the ExchangeRate Mechanism of the EMSLEILA TALANI

Soziale Bewegung und kollektive Identität. Der Dis-kurs über Abtreibung und die neuen Reproduktion-stechnologien als Beispiel feministischer Identität-skonstruktion.KERSTIN ULLRICH

Cultures and Institutions in Transboundary Rela-tions: the Environmental Protection of the Rhineand the Great LakesMARCO VERWEIJ

‘Ozone Thieves’ and ‘Hot House Paradise’. Epis-temic Communities as Cultural Entrepreneurs andthe Reenchantment of Sublunar Space. A Socio-logical Analysis of the Media Discourse on Green-house Effect in the Federal Republic of Germany,1970/1995WILLY VIEHOEVER

IR Theory meets European Union Law: Constitu-tional Battles, Sovereign Choices and InstitutionalContingencies in the Legacy of the European Inte-gration Process.MARLENE WIND

46

Reconstructing National Boundaries. Debates onNational Identities and Immigration in France andin Denmark.METTE ZØLNER

LL.M. DiplomasAwarded in 1997-8

The European Union, Human Rights and China.How China Challenges the Coherence and Effi-ciency of the EU’s Human Rights Policy in theFramework of the CFSP.JO ASCHENBRENNER

Following the Rules of the Game? A CompetitionLaw Study of the Collective Sale of Sports Broad-casting Rights.ELISABETH EKLUND

Werberegelungen nach ‘Keck’ und ‘De Agostini’SONJA FEIDEN

National Treatment in GATS (Article XVII GATS):Could the EC Experience (Articles 52 & 59 ECTreaty) be of Any Use?RICARDO GARCÍA LÓPEZ

Culture and Competition: The Case of United Inter-national Pictures.ALEXA HOLMES

The Application of EC Competition Rules toTelecommunications – Selected Aspects: the Caseof Interconnection.WOLFGANG JAUK

La garantie à première demande en droit anglaiset en droit français: Etude comparée de la récep-tion par les juridictions étatiques d’une techniquejuridique créée sui generis.ISABELLE LAGRANGE

Free Movement of Workers and SupplementaryPension Schemes. The Reform of the Welfare andits Adaptation to the EC FrameworkBLANCA MONTEJO PUIG DE LA BELLACASA

Collecting Societies for the Administration of Copy-right and Neighbouring Rights and their Position inthe European Competition LawPÉTER MUNKÁCSI

Italian Constitutional Court Decisions UpholdingUnconstitutional Laws: Cautionary Tales for a USBalanced Budget AmendmentWILLIAM NARDINI

La compétence de la Communauté européenne etle règlement des différends dans l’Organisationmondiale du commerceCARMEL NÍ CATHÁIN

Preliminary References under TEC Article 177. AComparative Study of the Practice of the Danishand Swedish Courts.MALENE ØVLISEN

The Directive Concerning Common Rules for theInternal Market in Electricity in the Frame of theCompetition and Internal Market Rules of the ECTreaty. Towards Liberalisation of the EuropeanElectricity Markets?ELVIRA PFRANG

Die Lando-Kommission (Commission on EuropeanContract Law): Rechtswissenschaft als Vermittlerzwischen Europäisierungsprozeß und Privatrecht.KRISTINA PREINERSTORFER

The Law and Politics of Rules of OriginGUDJÓN RÚNARSSON

The Emerging European Asylum Policy and itsEffects on the Legal Position of Asylum-SeekersNATASCHA SOLAR

Privacy and Policing Perspectives for a GeneralPrinciple of Community Law. A Comparative Studyof Covert Policing Methods in View to Art. 8 ECHRand to the Relevant Provisions in the FederalRepublic of Germany and England/Wales.ANNE WEGNER

47

From 24 to 30 January the Institute participat-ed in ‘Univercity’, a Gown meets Town fairorganized by the University of Florence inPiazza della Repubblica. On the occasion ofthe opening ceremony, the Instiute’s standwas also visited by the Minister of Education,Prof. LUIGI BERLINGUER.

On the occasion of the international confer-ence ‘Bisanzio e Firenze’ at the Università diFirenze, from 19 to 21 February, there was anexhibition in the Refectory of the Badia Fieso-lana of Greek texts published in Florence inthe 15th century, organized in collaborationwith the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana.

On 3 March the project ‘Eurolandia’ was pre-sented at the Institute in a multivideo confer-ence in the presence of Italian MinistersCARLO AZEGLIO CIAMPI and LUIGI BERLINGUER.

In March Professor Dr JUTTA LIMBACH, Presi-dent of the German Federal Constitutional

Court, gave the fourth Distinguished Lectureof the Law Department. Prof. LIMBACH spokeon: The Effect of the Decisions of the GermanFederal Constitutional Court.

The fifth and final Distinguished Lecture wasgiven on 27 May 1998 by The Right Hon. theLord BINGHAM OF CORNHILL, Lord ChiefJustice. His topic was The British LegalSystem and Incorporation of the ECHR: theOpportunity and the Challenge

A meeting of the European Regional Commit-tee of IOSCO, the International Organizationof Securities Commissions, took place at theEUI on 24 April. The meeting was organizedby the Commissione Nazionale per le societàe la Borsa (CONSOB) and was chaired by DrTOMMASO PADOA-SCHIOPPA.

The Academy of European Law held its ninthSession from 22 June to 17 July on HumanRights and on European Union Law.

On 25 September the Institute held its secondformal Degree Conferring Ceremony. DrPATRIK MASTERSON welcomed more than 100former research students together with theirpartners and families. Not only researchersbut also former professors from all over

48

Events

Participants of the ninth Academy of European Law

Europe returned to share this public celebra-tion with their students.

Dr MASTERSON formally awarded a total of 76doctorates in History and Civilization, Eco-nomics, Law and Political and Social Sci-ences and – for the first time in the Institute’shistory – 32 Ll.M. Degrees in Law.

This year’s European Investment BankLecture in the Economics Department wasgiven by JOSEPH STIGLITZ, Senior Vice Presi-dent and Chief Economist of the World Bankon 15 October.

49

After the Degree Conferring Ceremony

The opening of the Degree Conferring Ceremony Masters of Law receiving their diplomas

In the context of the Greek Presidency of theHigh Council on 28 January a conference,organized by Professor YOTA KRAVARITOU, washeld at the Institute with the support of theHellenic Republic’s Ministry of Foreign Affairsand the State Foundation for Greek Scholar-ships. Dr PATRICK MASTERSON and the repre-sentative of the Greek Presidency, Prof.STELIOS PERRAKIS, Secretary-General forEuropean Integration, both gave openingaddresses.

In the same context on 19 February, Mr THEO-DOROS PANGALOS, Minister of Foreign Affairs ofthe Hellenic Republic, in the presence of thePresident of the Institute, Dr Patrick Master-son, and of the Rector of the University ofFlorence, Prof. PAOLO BLASI, inaugurated theinternational conference ‘Bisanzio e Firenze’at the University of Florence.

Mr PETER MANDELSON, Minister of State,Cabinet Office, inaugurated the series of lec-tures intended to mark the British Presidencyof the EU with a speech at the Institute, on 30January.

On 17 April the Polish Minister for EuropeanIntegration, RYSZARD CZARNECKI, visited theInstitute and participated in a seminar.

The President of the Institute, Dr PATRICKMASTERSON, received the degree of Doctor ofHumane Letters, honoris causa, of New YorkUniversity on 14 May.

On 30 May in the Salone dei 500 in PalazzoVecchio Prof. ALAN MILWARD, Department ofHistory and Civilization, was presented withthe 23rd ‘Le Muse’ International Prize. Theprize is in recognition of his lifetime contribu-tion to historical scholarship.

Dr CARL GLATT (UK) and Dr ANTJE STANNEK(D) shared the 1998 Rotary Prize ObiettivoEuropa for the best thesis of the Departmentof History and Civilization. They received theprize on 3 June during a ceremony held in theTheatre of the Badia Fiesolana in the pres-ence of members of the Rotary Club Firenze-Nord.

From 12 to 13 June Professor JÜRGEN HABERMASvisited the Institute and held a workshop on hisphilosophy of law at the Villa Schifanoia, whichwas attended by participants from the interna-tional academic world.

On 16 October The LORD PLUMB, MEP, 1987-89 President of the European Parliament,

50

People

US Vice-President Al Gore and Dr Masterson at NYU

Lord Plumb and Dr Patrick Masterson

visited the Institute and delivered a speechentitled ‘Europe Looking Forward’.

From 21 to 23 October the 12th Annual EU-Japan Journalists’ Conference was held atthe Institute. The sessions making up theConference were introduced by SIR LEONBRITTAN, European Commission Vice-Presi-dent, FRANCESCO PAPADIA, Director-General atthe European Central Bank, NIKOLAUS VAN DERPAS, Director-General at the European Com-mission, SAKUYA FUJIWARA, Vice-Governor ofthe Bank of Japan, YUKIHIKO IKEDA, leader ofthe Japanese Liberal Democratic Party,KOICHI SAKATA, President of Japan Telecom,and the Head of the European CommissionDelegation to Japan, Ambassador O. JUULJØRGENSEN.

Within the framework of the Austrian Presi-dency of the European Union an Austrian del-egation of university professors and civil ser-vants in the Austrian Ministry of Science and

Transport visited the Institute, on 16 and 17November. Prof. DR SIGURD HÖLLINGER, theDirector-General of Higher Education, gave apresentation on ‘Higher Education in Austria:Principles and Reforms’.

Prof. BREWER’S book The Pleasures of theImagination, English Culture in the 18th Cen-turiy was awarded the Wolfson Prize for thebest history book by a British historian, andwas shortlisted for a United States NationalBook Critics Award in the section on criticism.

CRISTINA IANNELLI, a researcher in the Depart-ment of Political and Social Sciences, wasone of the five Grand Final Winners of theISA (International Sociological Association)Third Young Sociologists Worldwide Competi-tion. She participated with a paper entitled‘Educational Choices in Italy: The Role ofTrack Placement in the Allocation Process ofEducation’.

51

Participants of the 12th Annual EU-Japan Journalists’ Conference at the Institute

Department of History and Civilisation

Becker, Peter, ‘Die Rezeption der Physiologie inKriminalistik und Kriminologie: Variationen überNorm und Ausgrenzung’, in Ph. Sarasin, J. Tanner(eds), Physiologie und industrielle Gesellschaft.Studien zur Verwissenschaftlichung des Körpersim 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, Suhrkamp, Frank-furt/Main, 453-490-, ‘The Triumphant Advance of Degeneration:Medical Sciences and Criminal Law in 19thCentury Germany’, in S. Sakai (et al.) (eds), Medi-cine and the Law, Tokyo: Ishiyaku, 83-128

Brewer, John, ‘Histories, Exhibitions and Collec-tions: The Invention of the National Heritage inBritain 1770-1820’, in E. Hellmuth and R. Stauber(eds), Nationalismus vor dem Nationalismus?, inAufklärung 10, Heft 2

Chaudhuri, Kirty N., A Mediterranean Tripytch:Venezia, Islam, and the Desert, Firenze

Delille, Gérard, ‘Sermoneta e il Lazio meridionalenell’età moderna’, in I Caetani e Sermoneta,Roma, Fondazione Caetani, 283-298

Fontaine, Laurence, ‘Migration and Work in theAlps (17th-18th centuries): Family strategies,Kinship and Clientelism’, in The History of theFamily, 3, 351-369-, ‘Introduction’, in M. Berthe (ed.), Actes des XVIIeJournées Internationales d’Histoire de l’Abbaye deFlaran, Endettement paysan et Crédit rural dansl’Europe médiévale et moderne, Toulouse, Pressesuniversitaires du Mirail, 7-21-, ‘Données implicites dans la construction desmodèles migratoires alpins à l’époque moderne’,in Histoire des Alpes, 3, 25-35-, ‘Le colportage’ in G. Béaur, Ph. Minard, A. Laclau(eds), Atlas de la Révolution française, t. 10,Economie, Paris, Editions de l’Ecole des HautesEtudes en Sciences Sociales

-, with D. Siddle, ‘Migration, Mobility and Modern-ization’ in Liverpool Studies in European Popula-tion, 7, Liverpool University Press

Leboutte, René, with J. Puissant and D. Scuto ‘Unsiècle d’histoire industrielle (1873-1973). Belgique,Luxembourg, Pays-Bas. Industrialisation etsociétés’, in Jacques Valette (ed.) collection,Regards sur l’Histoire, Editions Sedes, Histoirecontemporaine, Paris, 298-, ‘Family Economy and Household Dynamics. TheLiegeoise Industrial Area During the Second Halfof the 19th Century’, Historical Social Research /Historische Sozialforschung. (Special issue on His-torical Demography), vol. 23, 1/2, 157-178-, ‘Formazione e trasformazione dei bacini industri-ali in Europa, 1750-1990’, in Giura Vincenzo (eds),Gli insediamenti economici e le loro logiche, Bib-lioteca di storia economica e sociale, nuova serie2, Napoli, 157-184-, ‘La dynamique des ménages aux XVIIIe-XIXe-

siècles. L’exemple de la Basse-Meuse liégeoise’, inC. Desama, M. Oris (eds), Dix essais sur la démo-graphie urbaine de la Wallonie au XIXesiècle,Crédit Communal, Collection Histoire, Bruxelles,163-196

Milward, Alan, ‘Die Auswirkungen des Marshall-Plans’ in Haus der Geschichte der BundesrepublikDeutschland, 50 Jahre Marshall Plan, Bonn-, ‘La construction de l’Europe’ in F. Crouzet, F.Furet (eds), L’Europe dans son histoire: La visiond’Alphonse Dupront, P.V.F., Paris-, ‘Der historische Revisionismus zur Einigungsge-schichte West-Europas; neue historische Erkennt-nisse statt überholter Schulweisheiten’, in R. Hrbek(et al.) (eds), Integration 1978-1998. Die Euro-päische Union als Prozess. Zu Ehren von HeinrichSchneider, Europa Union Verlag, Bonn-, ‘Eric Hobsbawm e il ‘Secolo Breve’, in S. Pons(ed.), L’Età degli Estremi. Discutendo con Hobs-bawm del ‘Secolo Breve’, Carocci, Roma

Passerini, Luisa, Fragments of the TwentiethCentury, collection of writings translated intoGreek, Nephele, Athens-, (ed.) Identità culturale europea: idee, sentimenti,relazioni, La Nuova Italia, Firenze

Reis, Jaime, with Ph. Cottrell (eds), Finance and

52

Publications byStaff Members

the Making of the Modern Capitalist World 1750-1931, Madrid, IEHC

Romanelli, Raffaele,(ed.), How did they BecomeVoters? The History of Franchise in Modern Euro-pean Representation, Kluwer Law International,The Hague/London/Boston-, ‘Borghesia, Bürgertum, bourgeoisie. Itinerarioseuropeos de un concepto’, in R.Romanelli, A.Pons, J.Serna (eds), A qué llamamos burguesía.Historia social e historia conceptual, Eutopías,Documentos de trabajo, vol. 177-178, Valencia -, ‘Il cassonetto di Venezia. Storia contemporaneae archivi pubblici nell’Italia di oggi’, in D.Toccafondi(ed.),Gli strumenti della ricerca, Archivio di Stato diFirenze, Edifir, Firenze, 119-126 -, ‘Il problema dell’autonomia nella storia dell’Italiacontemporanea’, in M.P.I., Direz. Gen. IstruzioneClassica Scientifica e Magistrale, Problemi dellacontemporaneità. Unità/Autonomie nella storia d’I-talia. Seminario di formazione per Docenti dellaScuola secondaria superiore, Torino, Liceo Scien-tifico Statale ‘G.Segrè’, 29-42-, ‘La monarchia nella storia d’Italia’ (discussione ac. di Palla), Passato e presente, 44, 20

Schulte, Regina, Die verkehrte Welt des Krieges.Studien zu Geschlecht, Religion und Tod, Frank-furt/New York-, ‘Der Aufstieg der konstitutionellen Monarchie unddas Gedächtnis der Königin’, in HistorischeAnthropologie. Kutur – Gesellschaft – Alltag, 6,Heft 1, 76-103

Stråth, Bo, Mellan 2 fonder. LO och den svenskamodellen. 350 Atlas,Stockholm ,12-15

Department of Economics

Artis, Michael, ‘Comment’ on a paper by C. deBoissieu, in J. Arrowsmith (eds), Thinking theUnthinkable about EMU. Coping with turbulencebetween 1998 and 2002, National Institute of Eco-nomic and Social Research, Occasional Papers,51, London-, ‘The United Kingdom’ in J. Forder, A. Menon(eds), The European Union and National Macro-economic Policy. London, Routledge-, with B. Winkler, ‘The Stability Pact: Safeguardingthe Credibility of the European Central Bank’

National Institute Economic Review, February, 87-98 -, with Z. Kontolemis, ‘The European Central Bankand Inflation Targeting’, in International Journal ofFinance and Economics, 3, March, 27-38 -, with W. Zhang, ‘The Linkage of Interest Rateswithin the EMS’, in Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv,Band 134, Heft 1, 117-132 -, with M. Kohler and J. Melitz, ‘Trade and theNumber of Optimum Currency Areas in the World’,in Open Economies Review, 9, 5, Novemberspecial issue-, with P. Mizen and Z. Kontolemis, ‘Inflation Target-ing: what can the ECB learn from the recent expe-rience of the Bank of England?’, in EconomicJournal, November, Policy Forum

Bertola, Giuseppe, with Ch. Bean, S. Bentolila andJ. Dolado, ‘Social Europe: ...One for All?’, London,CEPR-, with D. Coen Pirani, ‘Market Failures, Education,and Macroeconomics’, in G. Barba Navaretti, P.Dasgupta, K-G. Maler, D. Siniscalco (eds), Cre-ation and Transfer of Knowledge: Institutions andIncentives, Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 179-207-, with P. Balduzzi, S. Foresi and L. Klapper, ‘Inter-est Rate Targeting and the Dynamics of Short-Term Rates’, in Journal of Money, Credit, andBanking, 30:1, 26-50-, ‘Irreversible Investiment’, in Ricerche Eco-nomiche / Research in Economics, 52:1, 3-37 -, ‘Distribuzione funzionale del reddito e macro-economia: Classi, ottimizzazione, e il caso italiano’,in Rivista Italiana degli Economisti, August-, Discussion of Attanasio and Banks, ‘Trends inHousehold Savings don’t Justify Tax Incentives toSave’, in Economic Policy 27

Farmer, Roger, Macroeconomics, South WesternCollege Publishing

Johansen, Søren, with P. R. Hansen, Workbook onCointegration, Oxford, OUP, -, ‘Statistical Analysis of some Non-Stationary Timeseries’, in Econometrics and Economic Theory inthe 20th Century: The Ragnar Frisch CentennalSymposium, Cambridge, CUP-, with I. Harbo, B.G. Nielsen, and A.C. Rahbek,‘Asymptotic Inference on Cointegrating Rank inPartial Systems’, in Journal of Business Econom-

53

ics and Statistics 16, 388-399-, with E. Schaumburg, ‘Inference for SeasonalCointegration’, in Journal of Econometrics 88, 301-339

Marimon, Ramon, with G. Giovannetti and P. Teles,‘Policy Commitments and the Creation of EMU’ inJ. Arrowsmith (eds)Thinking the Unthinkable aboutEMU: Coping with Turbulence between 1998 and2002, National Institute of Economic and SocialResearch Occasional Papers, 51, London

Mizon, Grayham, ‘Special Issue on SimulationMethods in Econometrics’ in G.M. Gallo, G.E.Mizon (eds) Econometrics Journal, Oxford, Black-well Publishers, -, with D.F. Hendry, ‘A.W.H. Phillips’s Influence onEconometrics’, in R. Leeson (ed.), A.W.H. Phillips:Collected Works in Contemporary Perspective,Camebridge, CUP, -, with D.F. Hendry, ‘Exogeneity, Causality, and Co-breaking in Economic Policy Analysis of a SmallEconometric Model of Money in the UK’, in Empiri-cal Economics, 23, 267-294-, with G.M. Gallo, ‘Simulation Methods in Econo-metrics. Editors’ Introduction’, in The EconometricsJournal, 1, Ci-Cvii-, with N.R. Ericsson and D.F. Hendry, ‘Exogeneity,Cointegration, and Economic Policy Analysis’, inJournal of Business and Economic Statistics,Special Issue, 16, 370-387

Department of Law

Alston, Philip, ‘Final Project Report’, in Leading byExample: A Human Rights Agenda for the Euro-pean Union for the Year 2000, Florence, Academyfor European Law, EUI, 13-109 (also published inFrench and German editions)-, ‘Economic and Social Rights in the InternationalArena’, in ESR Review: Economic and SocialRights in South Africa, Vol.1, 2, June, 2-5-, ‘Individual Complaints: Historical Perspectivesand the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights’, in S. Pritchard (eds),Indigenous Peoples, the United Nations andHuman Rights, London, Zed Press, 81-85-, ‘Periodic Reporting: the International Covenanton Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and theConvention on the Rights of the Child’, in S.Pritchard (eds), Indigenous Peoples, the United

Nations and Human Rights, London, Zed Press,130-134.-, ‘An ‘Ever Closer Union’ in Need of a HumanRights Policy’ (co-author), 9 European Journal ofInternational Law , 658-723

Campana, Marie-Jeanne, ‘La Responsabilité descommissaires aux comptes en Europe’ in Revuefrançaise de comptabilité-, with J.-M. Calendini, Notes sous Com. 1eroctobre 1997, 1er juillet 1997 (deux arrêts), 3 juin1997, 1er juillet 1997, 8 juillet 1997, (e) 14 octobre1997 (deux arrêts), in Revue de Droit bancaire etde la Bourse, 1998, 20 et s.-, with J.-M. Calendini, Notes sous Com. 20 janvier1998 (deux arrêts), 9 décembre 1997 (deuxarrêts), 6 janvier 1998, 9 décembre 1997, 1eroctobre et 12 novembre 1997, 14 octobre 1997, 6janvier 1998, 20 janvier 1998 (deux arrêts), 9décembre 1997 (trois arrêts), 6 janvier 1998, 1eroctobre 1997, in Revue de Droit bancaire et de laBourse, 1998, 89 et s.-, updating of the 10th edition of Code de com-merce français, éditions LITEC.-, with J.-M. Calendini, ‘Droit de rétention et procé-dures collectives: la dissipation des dernièresambiguïtés?’ in J.C.P., (ed.) E, 1083

de Búrca, Gráinne, with P. Craig, EU Law: Text,Cases and Materials (2nd edition), Oxford, OUP-, ‘The Principle of Subsidiarity and the Court ofJustice as an Institutional Actor’, in 36 Journal ofCommon Market Studies, 217-235-, ‘Proportionality and Wednesbury Unreasonable-ness: The influence of European legal concepts onUK Law’, in M. Andenas (ed.), English Public Lawand the Common Law of Europe, 53-82

Joerges, Christian, Introduzione. ‘Sfide europeealle teorie del diritto privato’, in J. Derrida/ G.Vattimo (eds), Annuario Filosofico Europeo. Diritto,giustizia e interpretazione, Roma-Bari, Laterza,79-85-, ‘The Science of Private Law and the NationState/ Die Wissenschaft vom Privatrecht und derNationalstaat’, EUI Working Paper LAW 98/4-, ‘European challenges to private law: on false di-chotomies, true conflicts and the need for a consti-tutional perspective’, in 18 Legal Studies, 146-166-, (ed.), ‘Die Beurteilung der Sicherheit technischer

54

Konsumgüter und Gesundheitsrisiken von Lebens-mitteln in der Praxis des europäischen Ausschuss-wesens (‘Komitologie’). Ein Projekt zu den Rechts-grundlagen, zur Funktionsweise und zur Legitima-tionsproblematik der Sozialregulierung in derEuropäischen Gemeinschaft’, in Final Report tothe Volkswagen-Stiftung, Bremen

Kravaritou, Yota, with O. Hufton, (ed.), Gender andUse of Time, and author of Introduction, Kluwer,The Hague/London/Boston, 550 pp-, Liens d’amour et droit dans l’Union européenne,Exantas, Athènes, 125 pp-, (ed.), Glossaire des relations industrielles, (1stedition in greek), 320, Papazissis, Athens-, with W. Weiss (eds), Industrial Relation inEurope, and author of chapter: Greece-, Temps du travail et rapports sociaux de sexe :une nouvelle convention se dessine, in greek, 130,Sakkoulas, Thessaloniki-, (ed.), La réglementation du temps de travaildans l’Union européenne – Approche genre, andauthor of introduction 40, Presses interuniversi-taires européennes, Bruxelles

Ladeur, Karl-Heinz, ‘Pay-TV und Exklusivverträgeüber Senderechte für Sportveranstaltungen’, inSpuRt, 54-61 -, ‘Grundrechtskonflikte in der ‘dualen Rundfunko-rdnung’ – Grundrechtsausübung und staatlicheRegulierung –’, in AfP, 141-149-, ‘Zur Notwendigkeit einer flexiblen Abstimmungvon Bundes- und Landeskompetenzen auf denGebieten des Telekommunikations- und des Rund-funkrechts’, in ZUM, 261-269-, ‘Die vertikale Integration von Film-, Fernseh-undVideo-Wirtschaft als Herausforderung derMedienregulierung’, in RuF, 5-23-, ‘The Dual System of Waste Management inGermany’, in Law Review of the University ofKyushu, Fukuoka, (in Japanese) -, ‘The Jurisprudence of the German ConstitutionalCourt on Freedom of Opinion’, in Yearbook of theGerman-Japanese Lawyers’ Association-, ‘Preiskontrolle im Telekommunikationsrecht’, inKommunikation und Recht 9-, ‘Die Regulierung der Satellitenmobilkommunika-tion’, in Archiv für Post und Telekommunikation/3 -, ‘Die IPPC-Richtlinie und ihre Abstimmung aufdas deutsche allgemeine Verwaltungsrecht’, in

Zeitschrift für Umweltrecht 9-, ‘Auf dem Wege zu einem neuen ‘Stoffflußrecht’?Zur Kritik integrativer Konzeptionen des Umwelt-rechts’, in Zeitschrift für Umweltpolitik und Umwelt-recht 3

La Torre, Massimo, Derecho, poder y dominio,Fontamara, Biblioteca de ética, filosofía delderecho y política, E. Garzón Valdés, R. Vásquez(eds), México, D. F., 108-, (ed.), European Citizenship. An InstitutionalChallenge, Kluwer (‘European Forum’), Dordrecht,and author of ‘Constitution, Citizenship, and theEU’, 435-457-, ‘Teorie del ragionamento giuridico e concetti didiritto’. Un’approssimazione, appendix to R. Alexy,Teoria dell’argomentazione giuridica, Italian transl.by M. La Torre, Giuffrè, Milano, 357-384 -, Ultimo saluto a Cornelius Castoriadis, in Sociolo-gia del diritto, 2, 103-115-, ‘Messina come metafora e luogo idealtipico dellapolitica’, in Materiali per una storia della culturagiuridica, 2, 455-506-, ‘Cittadinanza e diritti sociali: una prospettivaeuropea’, in Inchiesta, Vol. 28, n. 120, April-June,73-81 -, ‘Staatsbürgerschaft und soziale Rechte – eineeuropäische Perspektive’, in R. Hofmann (et al.)(eds), Armut und Verfassung – Sozialstaatlichkeitim europäischen Vergleich, Verlag Österreich,Wien, 31-43-, ‘‘Manos limpias’ y malas conciencias’, in Clavesde razón práctica, 79, enero-fevrero, 26-32-, ‘Two Essays on Pluralism and Utopia’, EUIWorking Papers LAW 98/2-, ‘Meaning, Actions and Value-Judgments’, EUIWorking Papers LAW 98/3-, ‘Theories of Legal Argumentation and Conceptsof Law. An Approximation’, EUI Working PapersLAW 98/3

Louis, Jean-Victor, ‘A Legal and InstitutionalApproach for Building a Monetary Union’, 35CMLRev., 33-76.-, ‘The Rule of Law’, in Martin Westlake (ed.), TheEuropean Union after Amsterdam. New Conceptsof Europan Integration, London, New York, 99-115-, ‘L’État de droit,’ in Martin Westlake (ed.), L’Unioneuropéenne au-delà d’Amsterdam. Nouveaux con-cepts d’intégration européenne, Bruxelles, 167-190

55

-, ‘Simplifying Constitutions. ‘Lessons’ from theBelgian Experience’, in Konsolidierung undKohärenz des Primärrechts der EuropäischenUnion nach Amsterdam. Europäisches Parlament,Arbeitsdokument, Reihe Rechtsfragen, JURI 102DE, 39-43

Sciarra, Silvana, Oltre la partecipazione dei lavora-tori nelle imprese. I consigli aziendali europei,Studi in onore di Gustavo Minervini, Morano-Napoli-, with M. Freedland (eds), Public Services and Cit-izenship in European Law. Public and Labour LawPerspectives and author of the chapter ‘LabourLaw: a Bridge across Public Services and Citizen-ship Rights’, Oxford, OUP

Snyder, Francis, ‘Flexibility, Legitimacy and Consti-tutionalism in the European Union - Comment onthe paper by Jo Shaw’, in M. den Boer (et al.)(eds), Flexibility and the Amsterdam Treaty, Maas-tricht, European Institute of Public Administration-, ‘Editorial’, in European Law Journal, 4, 1, March,1-4-, with Z. Bankowski and A. Scott, ‘Editorial’, inEuropean Law Journal, 4, 3, 337-340-, ‘EMU Revisited: Are We Making a Constitution?What Constitution are We Making?, EUI WorkingPapers LAW 98/6

Ziller, Jacques, ‘Champ d’application territorial dudroit communautaire’ in Traité de droit Européen,Paris, Éditions techniques, Collection des Juris-Classeurs, fascicule 470, revised edition -, ‘Le mensonge d’Edimbourg’, in D. Maus, O. Pas-selecq (eds), Le Traité d’Amsterdam face aux Con-stitutions Nationales, Paris, La Documentationfrançaise

Department of Political and Social Sciences

Bartolini, Stefano, ‘Coalition Potential and Govern-mental Power’, in E. Lane, P. Penning (eds), PartySystem Change, London, Routledge, 40-61-, with S. Hug and D. Caramani, ‘Party and PartySystems’, in A Bibliography and a Guide to the Lit-erature, London, Sage Publications, 708 pp-, with R. D’Alimonte, ‘How to Lose a Majority: TheCompetition in Single Member District’, in Euro-pean Journal of Political Research, 34, 63-103

-, with R. D’Alimonte, ‘Majoritarian Miracles and theQuestion of Party System Change’, in EuropeanJournal of Political Research, 34, 151-169-, ‘Verso una nuova ‘Divisione del Lavoro’? Il futurodello stato nazionale’, in Industria e Sindacato, 5-6, 9-14

Breen, Richard, ‘The Persistence of Class OriginInequalities among School Leavers in the Republicof Ireland, 1984-1993’, in The British Journal ofSociology, Vol. 49, 2, 275-98-, with D. B. Rottman, ‘Is the Nation State theAppropriate Geographical Unit for Class Analy-sis?’, in Sociology, Vol. 32, 1, 1-21-, ‘The Ratio of Unemployment Rates and FairEmployment: A Reply to John Bradley’, in TheEconomic and Social Review, Vol. 29, 1, 87-93-, with P. Devine, ‘Segmentation and the SocialStructure’, in P. Mitchell, R. Wilford (eds), Politics inNorthern Ireland, Westview Press, Boulder, Col-orado, 53-65

Crouch, Colin, ‘Corporatism’, in M. Poole, M.Warner (eds), The Handbook of Human ResourceManagement, London, Thomson 677-686-, ‘L’état, le social et le marché’, in P. Auvergnon (etal.) (eds), L’État à l’épreuve du social, Paris, Édi-tions Syllespe 131-138-, ‘Trade Union Re-organization and the Employ-ment Crisis: Unions and Social Policy in a World ofGlobalization and Deregulation’, in The Right toWork: Towards Full Employment, Proceedings ofthe Third Plenary Session of the PontificalAcademy of Social Sciences, Vatican City: Pontifi-cal Academy of Social Sciences, 167-183-, ‘Public Policy in a Private Arena: The Case ofVocational Education and Training’, in Estudios,Madrid: Instituto Juan March, 121 -, ‘Le Società dell’Europa’, in Stato e Mercato, 2,167-202-, ‘The Globalized Economy: An End to the Age ofIndustrial Citizenship?’, in T. Wilthagen (ed.),Advancing Theory in Labour Law and IndustrialRelations in a Global Context, Amsterdam: NorthHolland-, ‘Labour Market Regulations, Social Policy andJob Creation’, in J. Gual (ed.), Job Creation: TheRole of Labour Market Institutions, London: ElgarHéritier, Adrienne, ‘Politische Eliten’, in Regie-rungssystem der USA. Lehr- und Handbuch, Old-

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enburg Verlag, München, 315-326-, with R. Czada and H. Keman (eds), Institutionsand Political Choice, revised edition, and author of‘Institutions, Interests, and Political Choice’, VrijeUniversiteit Press, Amsterdam

Joppke, Christian, (ed.), Challenge to the Nation-State: Immigration in Western Europe and theUnited States , Oxford, OUP-, ‘Why Liberal States Accept Unwanted Immigra-tion’, in World Politics 50(2), 266-293

Lom, Petr, Lo Scetticismo, Milan: Editrice Bibli-ografica

Poggi, Gianfranco, Il gioco dei poteri, Mulino,Bologna-, Chinese and Spanish translations of Develop-ment of the modern state: A sociological introduc-tion-, Italian translation of Money and the modernmind: Georg Simmel’s Philosophy of Money-, ‘Introduzione’, in Max Weber, Scritti politici,SEAM, Roma-, ‘Recent Work on Weber’, in Political Theory, 26, 4-, Review of: T. Ertman, The birth of Leviathan, inAm. J. of Sociology

Schmitter, Philippe, ‘Some Basic Assumptionsabout the Consolidation of Democracy’, in T.Inoguchi (et al.) (eds), The Changing Nature ofDemocracy, Tokyo, UN University Press, 23-47-, ‘Contemporary Democratization: The Prospectsfor Women,’ in J. Jaquette, S. Wolchik (eds),Women and Democracy. Latin America andEastern Europe, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Univer-sity Press, 222-238-, ‘Three Temporal Dimensions to the Process ofDemocratization’, International Political ScienceReview

Verdier, Daniel, ‘Democratization and Trade Liber-alization in Industrial Capitalist Countries, 1830s to1930s.’, in Comparative Studies in Society andHistory 40, 4, 587-608-, ‘Democratic Convergence and Free Trade.’ inInternational Studies Quarterly 42, 1, 1-24-, ‘Domestic Responses to Capital Market Interna-tionalization Under the Gold Standard, 1870-1914’,in International Organization 52, 1, 1-28

-, ‘Domestic Responses to Free Trade and FreeFinance in OECD Countries’, EUI Working PapersRSC 98/43

Robert Schuman Centre

Amato, Giuliano, Il gusto della libertà. L’Italia e l’an-titrust, Roma, Laterza -, Il potere e l’antitrust, Bologna, Il Mulino-, ‘La nuova Costituzione economica’, in G. dellaCananea, G. Napolitano (eds), Per una nuovaCostituzione economica, Bologna, Il Mulino-, ‘Citizenship and Public Services. Some GeneralReflections’, in S. Sciarra, M. Freedland (eds),Public Services and Citizenship in European Law,Oxford, Clarendon Press

Blondel, Jean, with R. Sinnott and P. Svensson(eds), People and Parliament in the EuropeanUnion. Participation, Democracy, and Legitimacy,Oxford, OUP, Clarendon Press

Ehlermann, Claus-Dieter, with L. L. Laudati (eds)Robert Schuman Centre Annual on EuropeanCompetition Law, 1997, London, Hart

Joppke, Christian, (ed.), Challenge to the Nation-States. Immigration in Western Europe and theUnited States, Oxford, OUP

Mény, Yves, with A. Knapp, Government and Poli-tics in Western Europe, Oxford, OUP (3rd expand-ed version)-, The French Political System, Paris, La Docu-mentation française

Muller, Pierre, with Y. Surel ‘L’analyse des poli-tiques publiques’, coll. Clefs/Politique, Paris, Mont-chrestien

Rhodes, Martin, ‘Une énigme pour les théories dela régulation: dimension sociale et relations profes-sionnelles’, in S. Leibfried, P. Pierson (eds), Poli-tiques sociales européennes: entre intégration etfragmentation, Paris, L’Harmattan-, ‘Defending the Social Contract: The EU BetweenGlobal Constraints and Domestic Imperatives’, inD. Hine, H. Kassim (eds), Beyond the Market: theEuropean Union and National Social Policy,London, Routledge

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-, ‘Globalization and the Welfare State: the Emer-gence of Competitive Corporatism’, in Swiss Politi-cal Science Review, 4, 1, Spring-, ‘Introduzione: progettando il futuro’, in M.Rhodes, L. Bardi (eds), Politica in Italia: i fatti del-l’anno e le interpretazioni, Bologna: Il Mulino, 27-43; translated as ‘Introduction: Mapping theFuture’, in M. Rhodes, L. Bardi (eds), Italian Poli-tics: Mapping the Future, Boulder, Colorado: West-view Press-, with B. van Apeldoorn, ‘Capital Unbound? TheTransformation of European Corporate Gover-nance’, in Journal of European Public Policy, 5, 3-, with Yves Mény (eds), The Future of EuropeanWelfare: A New Social Contract?, Macmillan,London

Risse, Thomas, with S. Gränzer (et al.), ‘Interna-tionale Menschenrechtsnormen, transnationaleNetzwerke und politischer Wandel in den Länderndes Südens’, in Zeitschrift für Internationale Be-ziehungen, 5 (1), 5-41-, with H. P. Schmitz and A. Jetschke, ‘Die Machtder Menschenrechte. Zur innenpolitischen Durch-setzung internationaler Normen’, in Politik undZeitgeschichte, B46-47/98, 6. Nov., 4-53-, with A. Jetschke and H. P. Schmitz, ‘Spirale desEinflusses. Wie lassen sich Menschenrechtsnor-men durchsetzen?’, in Internationale Politik, 53(11), 61-67

Slaugther, Anne-Marie, with M. Shapiro, A. StoneSweet and J. H. H. Weiler, The European Courtand National Courts - Doctrine and Jurisprudence:Legal Change in its Social Context, Hart, Oxford

Zielonka, Jan, Explaining Euro-paralysis: WhyEurope is Unable to Act in International Politics, StAntony’s series, London: Macmillan-, (ed.), Paradoxes of European Foreign Policy,The Hague/London/Boston, Kluwer Law Interna-tional, and author of ‘Constraints, Opportunitiesand Choices in European Foreign Policy’-, with W. Wallace, ‘Misunderstanding Europe’, in

Foreign Affairs, Vol. 77, 6-, ‘Ambiguity as a Remedy for the EU’s EastwardEnlargement’, in Cambridge Review of Internation-al Affairs, Vol. 12, 1-, ‘European Politics in the 21st Century’, in M.Castermans, F. van Hof, J. Smith (eds), The Roleof the Nation-State in the 21st Century: Essays inHonour of Peter Baehr, London, Kluwer Law Inter-national-, ‘European Union: in Search of a Demos’, in TheRole of the Central European Parliaments in theProcess of European Integration, Prague, CzechPolitical Science Association

European Forum

Haupt, Heinz-Gerhard, with M. G. Müller and S.Woolf, (eds.), Regional and National Identities inEurope in the 19th and 20th Centuries/Les iden-tités régionales et culturelles en Europe aux 19e et20esiècles, European Forum series, Vol. 1, TheHague/London/Boston, Kluwer Law International

Ferrera, Maurizio, Le trappole del Welfare,Bologna, Il Mulino

Ballmer-Cao, Thanh-Huyen, ‘Gender and the Poli-tics of Working Time’, in Revue suisse de sciencepolitique, Vol. 4, 1, Spring

Kazepov, Yuri, with G. Procacci (ed.), Inchiesta,with articles by members of the Forum ‘Citizenship’special issue, La Cittadinanza in Discussione,XXVIII, 120, April-June

Favell, Adrian (guest ed), Journal of Ethnic andMigration Studies, special issue, ‘The EuropeanUnion; immigration, asylum and citizenship’, pro-ceedings of the ERCOMER/European Forumworkshop, Migrants, Minorities and New Forms ofCitizenship in the European Union, Vol. 24, 4,October

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59

Funding of the EUI

Where the money comes from…

How it is used… Expediture: 48,910

Revenue: 52,667

2,283

17,566

32,080

4,423

7,880

3,266

624

2,111

3,381

9,901

10,273

3,996

2,287

1,506

Contributions from Contracting states – 60.9%

Deductions from staff remunerations – 8.4%

Contributions from European Communities – 15.0%

Proceeds from research services – 6.2%

Earmarked gifts and subventions – 1.2%

Funding of EC Historical Archives – 4.0%

Miscellaneous revenue – 4.3%

Teaching and research (internal) – 35.9%

Outside research activities – 6.9%

Academic support (Library, computing) – 20.2%

Institutional support – 21.0%

Operating and maintenance – 8.2%

Student grants – 4.7%

EC Historical Archives – 3.1%

Revenue and expenditure for the 1998 financial year (in million Lire)

The institutional funding of the Institute is pro-vided by the Contracting States. After Finlandand Sweden joined during the second half of

1997, Austria, on 1 January 1998, became aMember State of the Institute, raising theirnumber to all 15 European Union countries.

The financial contributions of the MemberStates are set according to the followingscale:

France, Italy, Federal Republic of Germany,United Kingdom: 17.89%Belgium, Netherlands: 5.11%Denmark 2.09%Hellenic Republic 1.51%Kingdom of Spain: 6.41%Ireland: 0.53%Luxembourg: 0.16%Austria: 2.73%Portugal: 0.76%Finland: 1.23%Sweden: 2.80%

60

The Institute also has resources of its own,consisting of deductions from staff remunera-tion and income from research services. It isentitled to receive gifts and legacies.

Of particular note is a contribution from theEuropean Communities (7.880 million Lire),earmarked for specific teaching and researchactivities.

Expenses associated with the administrationof the European Community HistoricalArchives are covered by a contribution (2.111million Lire) from the European Communities.

29,445.26,042.8

498.01,140.32,286.74,609.43,381.11,506.1

48,909.6

60.2%12.4%

3.3%

4.7%

16.3%

3.1%

StaffEquipment and operatingComputingLibraryGrantsInternal researchExternal researchHistorical Archives

Total

Break-down of expenditure

service flexibility at the Institute and offercurrent local staff possibilities of integration.

It adopted the budget for 1999, providing in par-ticular for creation of a new joint chair betweenthe Schuman Centre and a department. TheInstitute’s accounts will be kept in Euros as from1 January 1999.The High Council also adoptedthe rules for management of the staff pensionreserve fund.

On the academic side, it approved the Acade-mic Council Decision amending the terms ofconferment of the Institute doctorate in cer-tain respects.

To enhance relations with professors and re-searchers on the Institute’s main policy linesand practical measures of a structural or bud-getary nature, the High Council took up thePrincipal’s proposal to join three AcademicCouncil bureau representatives to its meet-ings, namely one researcher representative,one head of department chosen by theheads, and the director of the SchumanCentre.

The Academic Council

The Academic Council, chaired by the Princi-pal, has as members the Secretary, all pro-fessors, the Librarian, seven researcher rep-resentatives and one representative each ofJean Monnet Fellows and the Staff Commit-tee. It has general powers in teaching andresearch and may bring before the HighCouncil recommendations on the questionswithin the latter’s province – as, for instance,this year’s recommendation to extend thePrincipal’s term of office.

The Academic Council annually takes anumber of decisions regarding definition ofthe academic profile of vacant chairs, nomi-nation of thesis examining board membersand, in closed session, of teachers, as well asrenewals of their appointments and those ofsome Research Council members. Other-wise, its work has been concerned essentiallywith:

61

The Institute’sGoverning Bodies

The High Council

By Article 6 of the Convention setting up theInstitute, the High Council is composed of therepresentatives of the Governments of theFifteen Member States. The European Unionhas observer status.

The High Council held its two yearly meetingson 11-12 June and 10-11 December 1998with Mr TOMAS GARCIA-CUENCA ARIATI, of theSpanish Delegation, in the Chair.

In June the High Council, on proposal fromthe Academic Council, adopted a decisionclarifying the responsibilities of heads of de-partments, who are henceforth to be appoint-ed for a period of three years. This decision isa first necessary step on the road to devolu-tion of certain financial responsibilities directlyto departments.

The High Council also adopted a decisionamending the majority rule for appointment ofa new professor, to base the majority calcula-tion on the number of those actually voting.

At the December meeting the High Council,on the basis of an Academic Council recom-mendation, extended the term of office of Dr.PATRICK MASTERSON as Institute President fortwo final years, until 31 December 2001. Itrenewed Mr ANTONIO ZANARDI LANDI’S appoint-ment as Secretary General for a new four-year period, until 31 December 2003.

The High Council completed the study of thelast major measures implementing the Secre-tary’s 1996 report on the Institute’s adminis-tration, aimed at helping it serve the Institute’sacademic objectives better. In particular, itadopted provisional derogations from thestatutory provisions, to enable better civil-

62

– drafting decisions for submission to the HighCouncil on strengthening the role of headsof department and amending the majority rulefor appointment of professors;

– revising the academic rules applying to theInstitute’s doctoral programme.The changesmade are aimed at improving familiarity withthe Institute among students in national uni-versities and the procedures for selectingInstitute researchers, enhancing thesis super-vision quality and enabling researchers to com-

plete their thesis in the shortest possibletime;

– the reviewing recent developments in theEuropean Forum with an eye to steadilyaffirming its role as advanced study centrefor post-doctoral training in the human andsocial sciences, concentrating resources onyoung post-doctoral fellows, the possibility oftwo-year sessions, and increased impor-tance for publication of Forum work.

The High Council in 1998

Belgique/België Mr van Langenhove Sécretaire général adjoint, SSTCDeutschland Mr Hans Friedrich Bundesministerium f. Bildung und Wissenschaft

Mr Matthias Bunge Vorsitzender des Hochschulausschusses der KMKDanmark Prof. Hans Chr. Johansen Universitet Odense

Ms Ellen Hansen Secretary-General RektorkollegietHellas Prof. Argyrios. Fatouros Athinisin Ethn. Kai Kapodistriakon Panepistemion

Prof. Dimitri Constas Ambassador to the Council of EuropeEspaña Mr Tomás García-Cuenca Ariati Ministerio de Educación y Cultura

Mr Manuel García-Sánchez Ministerio de Educación y CulturaFrance Mr Yves Saint-Geours Ministère des affaires étrangères

Ms Anne Hofmann Ministère des affaires étrangères, DGRSTMs Françoise Demichel Ministère de l’Education nationale

Ireland Ms Anne-Marie Moore Department of Education (June)Mr Patrick McDobagh Department of Education (December)Mr Maurice Manning Irish Parliament

Italia Mr Giandomenico Magliano Vice-direttore generale delle Relazioni CulturaliMr Antonio Paolucci Sopraintendente Beni Culturali, Firenze

Luxembourg H.E. Jean-Marie Hostert Ambassadeur du Grand-Duché, Rome (June)H.E. Paul Faber Ambassadeur du Grand-Duché, Rome (December)Mr Jeannot Hansen Ministère de l’Education nationale

Nederland Mr W.J.J.Van Velzen Directeur Wetenschappelijk Onderwijs, MOWProf. Roeland in’t Veld Utrecht Universiteit

Österreich Mr Friedrich Faulhammer Bundesministerium f. Wissenschaft und VerkehrProf. Ulrike Leopold Karl-Franz Universität Graz

Portugal Prof. A. Marques Guedes Universidade de LisboaProf. De Almeida-Costa Universidade de CoimbraMs Cavaleiro Ferreira Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros

Suomi/Finland Prof. Reijo Vihko President, The Academy of FinlandMr Markku Linna Ministry of Education, Helsinki

Sverige Prof. Olof Ruin Chair, HSFRUnited Kingdom Mr C. Anthony Clark Under-Secretary for Higher Education, DES

Prof. Ivor Crewe Vice-Chancellor, University of EssexEuropean Union Mr Jean-Claude Eeckhout Commission Secretariat-General(observers) Mr Antonio Sacchettini Council Legal Service

63

The Research Council

At its spring meeting the Research Councildiscussed the final recommendations to bemade to the Law and History departmentswhose self-assessment reports had beenreviewed during 1997. It also warmly congrat-ulated the Political and Social Sciences De-partment on its self-assessment report, espe-cially in view of the new focus (Europeaniza-tion) to be given to this Department.

Members of the Council were informed thatthe Vasco da Gama chair was renewed bythe Portuguese authorities, and that the Insti-tute would soon have at least one endowedchair.

Further discussion items were the resultsfrom the exit survey carried out in earlyspring; the expansion of responsibilities forheads of departments; and the positive direc-tion into which the Robert Schuman Centreand European Forum were moving (Euro-pean Centre of Advanced Study).

In its autumn meeting, Research Councilcarried out its annual review of the academicand supervisory performance of the teachingstaff, and allocated the research funds.

Research Council members during 1998were:MAURICE AYMARD (Maison des Sciences del’Homme, Paris)

ANTON BARTEN (Katholieke UniversiteitLeuven)JOHN S. BELL (University of Leeds)MICHAEL JOACHIM BONELL (Università LaSapienza, Roma) PAUL CHAMPSAUR (INSEE, Paris)ARGYRIS FATOUROS (Athinisin Ethn. KaiKapodistriakon Panepistemion)PIERRE HASSNER (Fondation nationale des sci-ences politiques, Paris)WERNER HILDENBRAND (Universität Bonn)ROELAND IN ‘T VELD (Utrechtse School)JACQUELINE LASTENOUSE (Commission of theEuropean Communities, Bruxelles)HARTMUT LEHMANN (Max-Planck-Institut fürGeschichte, Göttingen)ANTOINE LYON-CAEN (université de Paris X,Nanterre) ARMANDO MARQUES-GUEDES (universidade deLisboa)JOHAN OLSEN (University of Oslo)JEAN-CLAUDE PIRIS (Council of the EuropeanCommunities, Bruxelles)GUIDO PODESTÀ (European Parliament, Brux-elles)JOHN ROBERTS (Emeritus Merton CollegeOxford)OLOF RUIN (University of Stockholm)FRITZ SCHARPF (Max-Planck-Institut fürGesellschaftsforschung, Köln)GILBERT TRAUSCH (Centre d’études et de re-cherches européennes, Luxembourg)HANNELORE WECK-HANNEMANN (UniversitätInnsbruck)VINCENT WRIGHT (Nuffield College Oxford)