THE PLANET EARTHTHE PLANET EARTH
Science 1º ESO – Unit 2Science 1º ESO – Unit 2
© I.E.S. “Luis de Góngora” (Córdoba); Dept. Biology and Geology© I.E.S. “Luis de Góngora” (Córdoba); Dept. Biology and Geology
Juan Manuel Barroso Fernández Juan Manuel Barroso Fernández
Bilingual Educational Project.Bilingual Educational Project.
We are about to start a trip through We are about to start a trip through the Milky Way, looking for the Earth!the Milky Way, looking for the Earth!
Photo: cosmos4kids.com
Planet EarthPlanet Earth
SunSun
This is our planet, the EARTHThis is our planet, the EARTH
Earth is the Earth is the thirdthird planet planet in our in our SolarSolar System System
That, in turn, is located in That, in turn, is located in the galaxy “the galaxy “Milky WayMilky Way””• The Earth is 12,756 km
in diameter
• It is 1.5 million km from the Sun
Photo of the Earth: cnice
THE EARTH’S MOTIONSTHE EARTH’S MOTIONS
The Earth moves in two The Earth moves in two different ways:different ways:
Earth rotationEarth rotationEarth revolutionEarth revolution
Earth rotation:Earth rotation:It spins around It spins around
its own axis its own axis every every 24 hours24 hours
The spinning gives The spinning gives rise to rise to nightnight and and dayday
Photo of the Earth: cnice
It occurs on a plane called the It occurs on a plane called the “ecliptic plane”“ecliptic plane”
Its Its orbit has an orbit has an ellipticalelliptical shape and the shape and the Sun is placed in Sun is placed in one one of the two focuses.of the two focuses.
The rotation axis has an angle of The rotation axis has an angle of 23.5 23.5 degreesdegrees in relation to the perpendicular in relation to the perpendicular axis of the ecliptic plane.axis of the ecliptic plane.
It revolves around the Sun, each It revolves around the Sun, each revolution having a period of a revolution having a period of a yearyear..
THE EARTH’S MOTIONSTHE EARTH’S MOTIONSEarth revolution:Earth revolution:
23.5º23.5º
Photo of the Earth: cnice
SEASONSSEASONS As a consequence of revolution and this As a consequence of revolution and this
inclination, the Earth has seasons.inclination, the Earth has seasons. In our hemisphere each season starts on…In our hemisphere each season starts on…
Spring Equinox: 21st March
Autumn Equinox: 22nd September
Summer Solstice:
21st June
Winter Solstice:
22nd December
Photo of the Earth: cnice
ATMOSPHEREATMOSPHERE
HYDROSPHEREHYDROSPHERE
BIOSPHEREBIOSPHERE
Photo of the Earth: cnice
It is the aqueous layer. It’s made
up of liquid and solid water
OUR PLANET HAS FOUR LAYERS…OUR PLANET HAS FOUR LAYERS…It is the rocky part of the Earth
It is the gaseous layer that surrounds
the Earth. Its made up of air
It is all living things
GEOSPHEREGEOSPHERE
CRUSTCRUST
UPPER MANTLEUPPER MANTLELOWER MANTLE
OUTER COREOUTER COREINNER COREINNER CORE
The crustThe crust is the is the first rocky layer. first rocky layer.
It’s made up of It’s made up of granite and granite and basaltbasalt
The mantleThe mantle is is located below located below the crust, the crust, between 35 between 35 and 2,900 kmand 2,900 km
The coreThe core is is the deepest the deepest layer. It’s layer. It’s made up of made up of ironiron
Photo of the Earth: cnice
The Moon is the Earth’s SatelliteThe Moon is the Earth’s Satellite
The Moon is the only The Moon is the only satellite of the Earth.satellite of the Earth.
Main CharacteristicsMain Characteristics It is 3,760 km in It is 3,760 km in
diameterdiameter It is located 384,400 It is located 384,400
km from the Earthkm from the Earth
Photo of the Moon: cnice
The Moon’s MotionsThe Moon’s MotionsIt has TWO different movements:
1. ROTATION: with a 28-day period2. REVOLUTION: also with a 28-day period
As a consequence of these synchronized movements…
The moon is always addressing us The moon is always addressing us with the with the SAME FACESAME FACE
Photo of the Moon: cnice
Seen from Earth, the Seen from Earth, the Moon’s look varies Moon’s look varies according to its position according to its position in the orbit…in the orbit…
The Moon seen from Earth:
Photo of the Moon: cnice
NEW Moon
FIRST QUARTER Moon
THIRD QUARTER Moon
FULL Moon
This way, LUNAR PHASESLUNAR PHASES are distinguished:
The Moon seen from Earth:
ECLIPSESECLIPSESAn eclipse occurs when the Earth, An eclipse occurs when the Earth,
the Moon and the Sun form the Moon and the Sun form a linea line::
If the If the MoonMoon comes into the Earth’s comes into the Earth’s shade, a shade, a lunar eclipselunar eclipse takes place. takes place.
If the If the EarthEarth comes into the Moon’s comes into the Moon’s shade, a shade, a solar eclipsesolar eclipse takes place. takes place.
SOLAR ECLIPSESOLAR ECLIPSE
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is in the middle.
This means that the Moon has to be a This means that the Moon has to be a New MoonNew Moon..
NEW Moon
LUNAR ECLIPSELUNAR ECLIPSE
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth is A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth is in the middlein the middle..
This means that the Moon has to be a This means that the Moon has to be a Full MoonFull Moon..
FULL Moon
Why aren’t there Why aren’t there eclipses every eclipses every
month?month?
NEW Moon FULL Moon
This is the ecliptic plane (where the Earth revolves around the Sun)
5º5º
However, the Moon revolves around the Earth on a plane that forms a 5º angle with this plane…
… This is why we only can get an ECLIPSE:
- And, - And, at the same timeat the same time, the Earth, the Moon and the Sun , the Earth, the Moon and the Sun form a line.form a line.
- When the Moon is on the ecliptic plane
If the EARTH is in the middle…
A LUNAR ECLIPSE LUNAR ECLIPSE occurs.
If the MOON is in the middle…
A SOLAR ECLIPSE SOLAR ECLIPSE occurs.
The MOON is on the ECLIPTIC PLANEECLIPTIC PLANE
A SOLARSOLAR ECLIPSE occurs.
The Moon is between the Earth and the Sun (NEW Moon)
Ecliptic plane
The Earth is between the Moon and the Sun (FULL Moon)
The MOON is on the ECLIPTIC PLANEECLIPTIC PLANE
A LUNAR LUNAR ECLIPSE occurs.ECLIPSE occurs.
Ecliptic plane
The SUN, the EARTH and the MOON DO NOT FORM A LINEFORM A LINE
There IS NOT There IS NOT an ECLIPSE
Although the Moon is located on the ecliptic planeecliptic plane…
Ecliptic plane
Although the Moon is located BETWEENBETWEEN The Earth and the Sun, a New Moon…
…The Moon IS NOTIS NOT on the ECLIPTIC PLANEECLIPTIC PLANE
There IS NOTThere IS NOT an ECLIPSE an ECLIPSE
…or it is a Full Moon…
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