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The New Frontier and the Great Societyy
Chapter 15
NB Pages 106 and 107
Initiative Success Failure
Defense funding
Equal Pay Act (affirmed women’s right to equal pay for equal work)
Funding for space exploration
Tax cuts
Healthcare for seniors
Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health
Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act
Reduced wage increases from labor unions
Lower prices from steel companies
Funding for education
Area Redevelopment Act and Housing Act
Supreme Court Case Civil Rights
Baker v. Carr (1962) Drawing of electoral districts
Reynolds v. Sims (1964)States must rearrange electoral districts to be “one person, one vote”
Supreme Court Case Due Process
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)Cannot use evidence in a way that violated the US Constitution
Gideon v. Wainwright(1963)
In state courts, you have a right to a lawyer, regardless of your ability to pay
Escobedo v. Illinois(1964)
Suspects must have access to a lawyer and be informed of their right to remain silent before police questioning
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Authorities MUST inform suspects that they have the right to remain silent, anything they say can and will be used against them in a court of law, they have the right to a lawyer and if they can’t afford one they will be appointed for you.
Supreme Court Case Freedom of Speech and Religion
Engle v. Vitale (1962)State cannot have official prayers or require prayers in public schools
Abington School
Abington School District v. Schempp (1963)
States cannot require Bible readings in public schools
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
States cannot prohibit the sale and use of birth control devices
1. Kennedy continued to enforce what policy towards Communism?
2. Unlike Eisenhower, Kennedy preferred not to rely on a nuclear arsenal d d t d thi
1. Containment
2. A buildup of troops and conventional weapons (small arms, bombs, missiles, rockets) to support a “flexible
h”and advocated this instead?
3. What did the Alliance for Progress do?
approach”
3. Provided economic assistance for schools, housing, heath care, etc. to Latin American countries.
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4. Why was the alliance sometimes unsuccessful?
5. Kennedy also established the Peace Corps, an organization that did what?
4. Money was sent through existing governments who kept the money rather than use it to help their country.
5 US citizens volunteered inwhat? 5. US citizens volunteered in developing nations to provide humanitarian services like medical care.
The Space Race!
Year Event
1947 First animal in space – Fruit Flies
1949 First monkey in space – Albert II (Rhesus monkey)
1951 First dogs in space – Tsygan and Dezik (Russian)
1957Sputnik launched into orbit – first satellite
Fi i l i bi (d ) L ik S ik IIFirst animal in orbit (dog) – Laika on Sputnik II
1961 Yury Gagarin first person to orbit Earth
1962 John Glenn first US astronaut to orbit Earth
1965 Three US astronauts orbit Earth aboard Apollo
1969US astronauts land on the moon using the Saturn V rocket and lunar module
(Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins)
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Cause
• Under Fidel Castro, Cuba creates an alliance with Soviet Union
Effect
• La Brigada – a US trained and armed group of Cuban rebels – invade to incite a
l ti• Cuban govn’t seized US businesses in Cuba
• Khrushchev supported expanding Cuban military
revolution
• Mission failed and most were captured or killed
Construction of the Berlin Wall
Cause
• Khrushchev demands that Western forced leave West Berlin and recognize East G i t
Effect
• In response, Khrushchev built the Berlin Wall through the city
German sovereignty
• Kennedy refused • This cuts off the two sides
and prevents the migration of East Germans to the West.
Cuban Missile Crisis
Cause
• Soviets sent weapons and military equipment to Cuban and stationed long‐
l i il th
Effect
• Kennedy quarantines the island to prevent further missiles from arriving and d d d th t i tirange nuclear missiles there
• Soviets would remove missiles is US did not attack and removed their missiles from Turkey
demanded that existing missiles be taken down
• Both countries agreed to ban testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere
• This begins a new arms race
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Kennedy’s Assassination
• November 22, 1963
• In a motorcade with his wife in Dallas, Texas
• Shot twice in the head
• Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the yshooting – claimed political reasons
• Oswald was killed two days later when leaving a Dallas police headquarters by Jack Ruby
• Warren Commission (investigation of the shooting) concluded Oswald acted alone
Motorcade through Dallas
Lee Harvey OswaldJackRuby
And so Vice‐President Johnson became president…
• Lyndon B. Johnson had 26 years of experience in Congress
• He was known for his ability to find a consensus and build coalitionsconsensus and build coalitions
– This means he knew how to work with Congress to the legislation he wanted.
• The Other America estimated that more than 50 million Americans lived in poverty
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