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Page 1: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Page 2: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

• Brain

WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?

• Spinal Cord

• Peripheral Nerves

Page 3: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

What makes up the brain, the spinal cord or your peripheral nerves?

• Neurons are “the cell”• Cell body• Nucleus• Axon• Dendrite• What do you think

surrounds the cell?• What other organelles

would be needed?

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 4: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.
Page 5: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

How are neurons connected?

• Synapses!!

Page 6: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.
Page 7: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

There are lots of proteins and chemicals in your body to do the work

Why is it important that it is an electrical current?

Page 8: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.
Page 9: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

Why are neurons connected?

Page 10: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

More neuron connections!

Page 11: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

AXON

The synapse - where the action happens

The next cell’s plasma membrane

What is this in the membrane?

Transport protein

Close up look at your synapse

Page 12: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

How does the Synapse carry the signal?

1. Electrical current travels down the axon

2. Vesicles with chemicals move toward the membrane - what is that called?

3. Chemicals are released and diffuse toward the next cell’s plasma membrane

4. The chemicals open up the transport proteins and allow the signal to pass to the next cell - what type of diffusion is this?

Page 13: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

1

23 4

The synapse carries a signal from cell to cell

Page 14: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

Supporting cells or glia a. astrocytes-metabolic and structural support in CNS b. oligodendrocytes-myelin sheath in CNS c. Schwann cells-myelin sheath in PNS d. blood brain barrier-many tight junctions between endothelium cells in capillaries of the brain induced by astrocytes

Page 15: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

Are all neurons equal in size?• Brain vs spinal cord vs peripheral nerves?

About how many neurons are in the human brain?

100 billion

1 billion

around 15 feet

About how many neurons are in the spinal cord?

How long do you think the longest axon in the world is?

Page 16: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

How many synapses are in one neuron? 1,000 to 10,000!!

Page 17: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

This science is called Neurobiology• Looking at the actual cells - how do they work?• Looking at the connections - how and when do they work?• Looking at what can change normal cells and connections• Looking at diseases that occur in the brain• One of the largest areas still unknown• The you that is you is because of your neurons connecting!

Page 18: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

What do you think can change neurons and their connections?

• Accidents• Drugs• Alcohol• Disease

Page 19: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

Accidents

• Physical injury of your neurons

Page 20: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

Drugs and alcohol bind important receptors on neurons

Page 21: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

Repeated binding causes the neuron to die

Page 22: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.
Page 23: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

Drugs = neuron death

Page 24: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

Alcohol damages dendrites - can repair after abstinence

Alcohol blocks receptors and slows down transmission

Page 25: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

•Parkinson's Disease•ALS - Lou Gehrig’s Disease•Huntington’s Disease•Multiple Sclerosis•Alzheimer's•Cerebral Palsy•Epilepsy•? SIDS

Page 26: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

100 Billion or so neurons - what’s the problem with some of them dying?•Cells multiply all the time - will your neurons?•Does everyone react the same way to accidents, or drugs and alcohol?•Do all organisms react the same to all stimulus?•Which of your activities use your neurons?

Page 27: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves.

What if neurons die here?

or hereor here

or here

or here

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