The Logistic RequirementsThe Logistic Requirementsforfor
Wave Field MeasurementWave Field Measurement
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Chia Chuen KaoChia Chuen KaoDirector, Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center, National Cheng Kung UniversityDirector, Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center, National Cheng Kung University
Dr. Dr. Laurence Zsu-Hsin ChuangLaurence Zsu-Hsin ChuangDeputy Director, Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center, National Cheng Kung UniversityDeputy Director, Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center, National Cheng Kung University
Dr. Dr. Beng-Chun LeeBeng-Chun LeeDirector, Marine Meteorology Center, Central Weather BureauDirector, Marine Meteorology Center, Central Weather Bureau
Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center / NCKU
Purposes of Wave Observation
for the calibration and validation of wave models
for the determination of local wave climate
for the scientific research of marine phenomena
provide "real time" data for the port operations, engineering
constructions and disaster prevention, etc.
provide “Ground Truth” for the calibration of satellite data
Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center / NCKU
Wave Measurements in the Field
In-situ methods– pressure sensor– resistance gauge– two-axis current meter– acoustic gauge– data buoy
Remote sensing techniques– nautical radar– altimeter– Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)– scatterometer
provide an extensive set of ocean surface data and will be the trend of wave measurement in the future.
Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center / NCKU
The selection of tools depends on the
– Purposes
real-time / archives data
– Budget affordability
– Observation duration
research / operational
– Environment adjustability
water depth / wave / wind / current
Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center / NCKU
In-Situ Methods
Features of Data Buoy Features of Pile station
- Applied to various water depth (site selection more flexible)
- Robust and Reliable against ship collision- Valid for shallow water region
- Flexible for payload arrangement
- Powered by solar energy (suitable for long-term operation)
- Data transmission via radio telemetry or satellite (provide real time data)
Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center / NCKU
Operational Ocean Monitoring System
Coastal Hydrological Monitoring Network around Taiwan includes
– pile stations
– data buoys
– tidal stations
– coastal meteorological stations
The systems applied to the Network are fully designed, developed, and constructed by COMC.
Data Buoy is the main equipment for offshore measurement
Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center / NCKU
Data Transmission System
Data are transmitted real-time by :
— UHF radio telemetry
— Satellite telecommunication
Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center / NCKU
Data Quality Control (QC) System
" It is more risky to utilize erroneous data than none".
COMC data QC system consists of automatic and manual procedures,
– automated data quality methods according to NDBC/NOAA criteria are adopted and revised their local validity.
– Experienced data analysts are responsible for the manual check of data quality.
The Data Quality Control System has been developing, modifying, and operating as a routine work at COMC for some years.
Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center / NCKU
Maintenance System
Experienced team is essential to carry out the maintenance works.
Maintenance and inspection are necessary in regular base due to harsh marine environment.
– In-site inspection – every three months
– Buoy retrieval for buoy hull refurbishment and sensor calibration – each year
Quick response to system malfunction to guarantee the minimum data loss.
– Permitted recover time
shore station - 1 week
offshore station - 2 weeks (depends on sea state)
Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center / NCKU
Oceanographic Database System
COMC database includes : – wind
– wave
– barometric pressure
– air and water temperature
– tide
COMC offers archives data as well as real-time data
COMC is willing to provide technical support for the
international data exchange and associated services
providing the mutual agreement between countries has been
achieved
Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center / NCKU
Concluding Remarks
To provide long-term and high-quality data, an in-situ operational ocean monitoring system should adequately integrate – structures– mooring– sensors– data acquisition and control – data processing and analysis– data transmission– power– auxiliary sub-systems
The most important logistic requirement for wave measurement is an experienced and disciplinary team
COMC is willing to offer technical services for meteorological and oceanographic measurement in the Far East region
Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center / NCKU
Data Buoy and Pile Station
Measuring items
– Wave
– Wind
– Barometric pressure
– Air temperature
– Water temperature
– Tide
– Current
– Water quality (if needed)
For long-term operational measurement - data buoy, pile station
Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center / NCKU
Location of Data Buoys (by 2003)
105 110 115 120 125 130 135Longitud e
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Latit
ude
105 110 115 120 125 130 135
15
20
25
30
35
C H IN A
TAIW AN
J AP AN
P hi lipp ineSouth China Sea
(Spratly Is.)
Vietnam
Malaysia
Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center / NCKU
Sketch of COMC Data Buoy
COMC buoy has proven its reliability and survival ability in the harsh environment especially in typhoons.
Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center / NCKU
Significant Wave Height During Typhoon AMBER
24-Aug 25-Aug 26-Aug 27-Aug 28-Aug 29-Aug 30-Aug 31-Aug
D ate
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
sign
ifica
nt w
ave
high
t (cm
)
Hw alien Buoy
Hsinchu Buoy
Taichung p ile station
Kuokwang platform
AMBER, 24~31 Aug, 1997
Hs=1194 cm
Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center / NCKU
Nan-Sha Wave Observation
Location (10o21’00” N,14o22’05” E)
at the offshore area of the T'ai-
P'ing Tao (Itu-Aba Island) in the
NAN-SHA CH'ÜN-TAO (Spratly Isla
nds), South China Sea
Deployed in April 1999
Operated by COMC
Data transmission
through Inmarsat
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