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(TCP AND UDP)
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1. Connection oriented Protocol
e.g. :- TCP
2. Connectionless Protocol
e.g. :- UDP
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TCP was specially designed to provide a reliable end to
end byte stream over an unreliable internet or
internetwork
Internetwork is differs from Single network ?
Reason : It differs because different parts may have
widely different topologies ,bandwidths , delays, packet
sizes and etc.
TCP was designed to accept the properties of internetwork
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TCP was formally defined in RFC 793.
As time gone , there are various errors and
inconsistency occur.
To overcome this they introduce RFC1122.
And the extension of this is given in RFC1323.
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Each machine supporting TCP has a transport entity.
Transport entity - 1. User process or
2. The Part of the Kernel It will manage the TCP
streams and interface to the IP layer.
This entity accept user data stream from the local machine
and that will break up into pieces and the piece will not
exceed 64bytes.
And after breaking it will send each packet as Separate IP
datagram.
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The IP datagram are send to the another TCP machine .
After receiving the datagram, the transport entity will
reconstruct the original byte stream.
The IP layer gives no guarantee that datagram will be
received properly.
If its not properly send also its up to TCP layer to send
again the datagram.
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Sockets - TCP service is obtained by creating
both the sender and receiver create
end points.
Port - Each socket has a socket number
(address).
It consist of IP address of the host
and 16 bit number local to that host.
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A socket may be used for multiple connection.
For e.g. - We can use the same socket to terminate
the multiple connection.
Port number below 1024 - Well known port
and they are reserved for standard service.
To obtain the TCP service we have to establish the
connection explicitly between sending machine
and a receiving machine
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TheconnectionsareFull-duplexandpointtopoint.
Fullduplex Trafficcanflowinboth
directionatasametime.
Pointtopoint Exactlyitconsistsoftwo
endpoints.
Itdoesntsupportmulticastingorbroadcasting.
TCP connectionisabytestreamandnotamessage
stream.
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In TCP the data are sent in the form of segment.
A segment consist of a 20 byte header.
Two limits restrict the segment size
1. Each segment including the TCP header ,
must fit in the 65,535 byte.
2. Each network has a maximum transfer
unit(MTU), and each segment must fit into the
MTU.
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If the segments are too large enough . Such that
network cant handle the size means .
It must be broken up into multiple segments by the
router.
The basic protocol used by the TCP entities is the
sliding window protocol.
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By
N .Krishna Priya
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