7/24/2019 The Indian Subcontinent Has a History of Devastating Earthquakes
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The Indian subcontinent has a history of devastatingearthquakes. The major reason for the high frequency andintensity of the earthquakes is that the Indian plate is
driving into Asia at a rate of approximately 47 mmyear.!"#$eographical statistics of India sho% that almost &4' ofthe land is vulnerable to earthquakes. A (orld )ank *+nited ,ations report sho%s estimates that around -million city d%ellers in India %ill be exposed to storms andearthquakes by -&.!-# The latest version of seismic/oning map of India given in the earthquake resistant
design code of India !I0 "123 5art "6 --# assigns fourlevels of seismicity for India in terms of /one factors. Inother %ords the earthquake /oning map of India dividesIndia into 4 seismic /ones 8one - 3 4 and &6 unlike itsprevious version %hich consisted of five or six /ones forthe country. According to the present /oning map 8one &expects the highest level of seismicity %hereas 8one - isassociated %ith the lo%est level of seismicity.
Center for Seismology
9enter for 0eismology :inistry of ;arth 0ciencesis nodalagency of $overnment of Indiadealing %ith variousactivities in the field of seismologyand allied disciplines.The major activities currently being pursued by the 9enter
for 0eismology include a6 earthquake monitoring on -4
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0eismic ha/ard and risk related studies e6 >ield studies foraftershock s%arm monitoring site response studies f6earthquake processes and modelling etc.!3#The :0?
:edvedev@0ponheuer@?arnik6 intensity broadlyassociated %ith the various seismic /ones is I or less6II III and I< and above6 for 8ones - 3 4 and &respectively corresponding to :aximum 9onsidered;arthquake:9;6. The I0 code follo%s a dual designphilosophyB a6 under lo% probability or extremeearthquake events :9;6 the structure damage shouldnot result in total collapse and b6 under more frequently
occurring earthquake events the structure should sufferonly minor or moderate structural damage. Thespecifications given in the design code I0 "123B --6 arenot based on detailed assessment of maximum groundacceleration in each /one using a deterministic orprobabilistic approach. Instead each /one factorrepresents the effective period peak ground
accelerationsthat may be generated during the maximumconsidered earthquakeground motion in that /one.
;ach /one indicates the effects of an earthquake at aparticular place based on the observations of the affectedareas and can also be described using a descriptive scalelike:odified :ercalli intensity scale!4#or the :edvedevC0ponheuerC?arnik scale.!
Zone 5
8one & covers the areas %ith the highest risks /one thatsuffers earthquakes of intensity :0? I
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structures in 8one &. The /one factor of .3D is indicativeof effective /ero period6 level earthquake in this /one. It isreferred to as the ery Eigh Famage Gisk 8one. The
region of ?ashmir the %estern and central Eimalayas,orth and :iddle )ihar the ,orth@;ast Indian region andthe Gann of ?utchfall in this /one.
$enerally the areas having trap rockor basaltic rockareprone to earthquakes.
Zone 4
This /one is called the Eigh Famage Gisk 8one andcovers areas liable to :0? III. The I0 code assigns /onefactor of .-4 for 8one 4. The Indo@$angetic basinand thecapital of the country Felhi6 Hammu and ?ashmirfall in8one 4. In :aharashtra the 5atan area ?oyananager6 isalso in /one no@4. In ) iharthe northern part of the statelike@ Gaksaul ,ear the border of India and ,epal is alsoin /one no@4 that almost 1 percent of buildings in Felhi
%ill yield to a major quake and in case of an unfortunatedisaster the political hub of India in Jutyens Felhi the glit/of 9onnaught 5lace and the magnificence of the (alled9ity %ill all come crumbling do%n.
0aket 0umanof The 0tatesmanreported on ,e% FelhiKsproximity to a major quake in his report !D#!7#
Zone 3
TheAndaman and ,icobar Islands parts of ?ashmir(estern Eimalayas fall under this /one. This /one isclassified as :oderate Famage Gisk 8one %hich is liable
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rann_of_Kutchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap_rockhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangetic_basinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saket_Sumanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Statesmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_zones_of_India#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_zones_of_India#cite_note-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rann_of_Kutchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap_rockhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangetic_basinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saket_Sumanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Statesmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_zones_of_India#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_zones_of_India#cite_note-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir7/24/2019 The Indian Subcontinent Has a History of Devastating Earthquakes
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to :0? II. and also 7.1 The I0 code assigns /one factorof ."D for 8one 3.
Zone 2
This region is liable to :0? I or less and is classified asthe Jo% Famage Gisk 8one. The I0 code assigns /onefactor of ." maximum hori/ontal acceleration that canbe experienced by a structure in this /one is "' ofgravitational acceleration6 for 8one -.
Zone 1
0ince the current division of India into earthquake ha/ard/ones does not use 8one " no area of India is classed as8one ".
>uture changes in the classification system may or maynot return this /one to use.
The follo%ing is a list of major earthquakes which haveoccurred in India.
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Date
Time
Location
Lat Lo
ng
Deaths
Comments
M
Hanuary3
-"D
-3B&B"D
+T9
,orth ;astIndiasee 2016Northeast
Indiaearthquake
-4.1L,
23.D;
2dead "injured in:anipur*
Assam
Gegionalevent thataffectedIndia:yanmarand)angladesh.
D.7
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Northeast_India_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Northeast_India_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Northeast_India_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Northeast_India_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Northeast_India_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Northeast_India_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Northeast_India_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Northeast_India_earthquake7/24/2019 The Indian Subcontinent Has a History of Devastating Earthquakes
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Date
Time
Location
Lat Lo
ng
Deaths
Comments
M
=ctober-D-"&
2B2+T9
,orthernIndia 5akistanAfghanistan
3DL"4K4&,
7"L&K31;
-Din5akistanand
Afghanistantill".34 amon-7
=ctK"&
7.7
Hune-1-"
&
DB3&I0T
FibrugarhAssam
-D.&L,
2."L;
3 injuredin Assamearthquake tremors
felt in(est)engal:eghalay
&.D
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibrugarhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibrugarhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assam7/24/2019 The Indian Subcontinent Has a History of Devastating Earthquakes
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Date
Time
Location
Lat Lo
ng
Deaths
Comments
M
a and)hutan
:ay"--"&
"-B3&I0T
,orthernIndia ,orth ;astIndia
-7.724L,
1&.274L;
"-"M
;picentre"7 km 0 of
?odari,epalN >eltin Felhi(est)engal)ihar+.5.N 44killed inIndia
7.3
April-D-"&
"-B32I0T
,orthernIndia ,orth ;astIndia
-7.724L,
1&.274L;
Aftershock
Aftershock;picentre"7 km 0 of?odari,epal6
D.7!-#
April-&-"
"-B"2I0T
,orthernIndia
-1."23L,
14.1D&L;
Aftershock
Aftershock;picentre42 km
D.D!-#
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftershockhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-imd.gov.in-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftershockhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-imd.gov.in-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftershockhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-imd.gov.in-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftershockhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-imd.gov.in-27/24/2019 The Indian Subcontinent Has a History of Devastating Earthquakes
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Date
Time
Location
Lat Lo
ng
Deaths
Comments
M
&eastof Jamjung,epal6
April-&-"&
""B4"I0T
,orthernIndia ,orth ;astIndia
-1."47L,
14.71L;
12M !3#
;picentre
34 km;0;of Jamjung ,epal.>elt ineasternnorthernnortheastern Indiaand partsof$ujarat!4#
7.1!
:arch-"-"4
"1B4"I0T
Andaman
and,icobarIslands
7.DL,
24.4L;
:oderateearthquake in
AndamanIslands
D.7
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamjung_Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamjung_Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamjung_Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamjung_Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamjung_Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamjung_Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamjung_Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamjung_Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands7/24/2019 The Indian Subcontinent Has a History of Devastating Earthquakes
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Date
Time
Location
Lat Lo
ng
Deaths
Comments
M
April-&-"-
1B4&I0T
Andamanand,icobarIslands
2.2L,
24.L;
)igearthquake in
Andamanand,iocbarIslands
D.-
:arch&-"-
"3B"I0T
,e% Felhi -1.DL,
77.4L;
"
:oderateearthquake innationalcapital9)0;5hysicsboardexamdisruptedin Felhi
&.-
0eptember"1-""
"1B"I0T
$angtok0ikkimsee 2011Sikkimearthquak
-7.7-3L,
11.D4L;
""1 0trongearthquake in ,;Indiatremors
D.2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangtokhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Sikkim_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Sikkim_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Sikkim_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangtokhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Sikkim_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Sikkim_earthquake7/24/2019 The Indian Subcontinent Has a History of Devastating Earthquakes
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Date
Time
Location
Lat Lo
ng
Deaths
Comments
M
e
felt inFelhi?olkataJuckno%and Haipur
August"-2
"B-"I0T
AndamanIslandssee 2009
AndamanIslandsearthquake
"4."L,
2-.1L;
-DTsunami(arningissued
7.7
=ctober1-&
1B&I0T
?ashmirsee 2005Kashmirearthquake
34.423L,
73.D-2L;
"3
2& km&2 mi6 ,;of Islamabad 5akistan"-& km71 mi6(,(of 0rinagar ?angraHammu
7.D
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Sikkim_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinagarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinagarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangra_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Sikkim_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Sikkim_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinagarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinagarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangra_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir7/24/2019 The Indian Subcontinent Has a History of Devastating Earthquakes
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Date
Time
Location
Lat Lo
ng
Deaths
Comments
M
and?ashmir Indiapop1246
Fecember-D
-4
2B-1I0T
off %estcoastnorthern0umatra India0riJanka:aldives
see 2004IndianOceanearthquake
3.3L,
2&.17L;
-13"D
Thirddeadliestearthquake in thehistory ofthe %orldthetsunamigeneratedkilled"&people inIndia
2."
Hanuary-D-"
1B&I0T
$ujaratsee Guaratearthquake o! 2001
-3.DL,
D2.1L;
-
IndianGepublicFay$ujaratearthquake
7.D7.7
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldiveshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldiveshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat_earthquake_of_2001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat_earthquake_of_2001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat_earthquake_of_2001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat_earthquake_of_2001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldiveshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldiveshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat_earthquake_of_2001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat_earthquake_of_2001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat_earthquake_of_20017/24/2019 The Indian Subcontinent Has a History of Devastating Earthquakes
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Date
Time
Location
Lat Lo
ng
Deaths
Comments
M
thousandskilled
:arch-2"222
B3&I0T
9hamolidistrict@
+ttarakhandsee 1999"hamoliearthquake
3.41L,
72.4"DL;
"3Approx
D.1
August-""211
4B4I0T
+dayapur,epal
-D.7&&L,
1D.D"DL;
O"
D&&3injured
D.3CD.7
:ay
--"227
"3B4"I0T
Habalpur:adhya5radesh
-3."1L,
1.-L;
32 D.
0ept 2B Jatur :a "1. 7D.& 274 D.-
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamoli_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamoli_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Chamoli_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Chamoli_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Chamoli_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Chamoli_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabalpur,_Madhya_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabalpur,_Madhya_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabalpur,_Madhya_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laturhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamoli_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamoli_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Chamoli_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Chamoli_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Chamoli_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabalpur,_Madhya_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabalpur,_Madhya_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabalpur,_Madhya_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laturhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra7/24/2019 The Indian Subcontinent Has a History of Devastating Earthquakes
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Date
Time
Location
Lat Lo
ng
Deaths
Comments
M
ember3"223
-I0T
harashtrasee 199#$aturearthquake
1L, -L; 1
=ctober-"22"
-B&3I0T
+ttarkashi +ttarakhandsee 1991%ttarkashiearthquake
3.73L,
71.4&L;
P-
7.
Hanuary"2"27&
"3B3-I0T
Eimachal5radeshsee 19&5Kinnaurearthquake
3-.4DL,
71.43L;
47 D.1
Huly-""2&
"&B3-I0T
$ujaratsee 1956
Anar
-3.3L,
7.L;
""& D."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Latur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Latur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Latur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Latur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarkashihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Uttarkashi_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Uttarkashi_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Uttarkashi_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Uttarkashi_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Kinnaur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Kinnaur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Kinnaur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Kinnaur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Anjar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Anjar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Latur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Latur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Latur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarkashihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Uttarkashi_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Uttarkashi_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Uttarkashi_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Kinnaur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Kinnaur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Kinnaur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Anjar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Anjar_earthquake7/24/2019 The Indian Subcontinent Has a History of Devastating Earthquakes
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Date
Time
Location
Lat Lo
ng
Deaths
Comments
M
Dearthquake
August"&"2&
"2B--I0T
Arunachal5radeshsee 1950
Assam'(i)etearthquake
-1.&L,
2D.7L;
"&-D
Jargestearthquak
e recordedinmainlandIndia sinceIndependence.
1.D
Hune-D"24"
1B&I0T
AndamanIslandssee 1941
AndamanIslandsearthquake
"-.&L,
2-.&7L;
7
Triggereda tsunamithataffectedeasternIndia and0ri Janka
1."
:ay3""23&
3B-I0T
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-1.1DDL,
DD.313L;
3 D
Feadliestearthquake recordedin the
7.7
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Anjar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Anjar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arunachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arunachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Assam%E2%80%93Tibet_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Assam%E2%80%93Tibet_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Assam%E2%80%93Tibet_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Assam%E2%80%93Tibet_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Assam%E2%80%93Tibet_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quettahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluchistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluchistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Balochistan_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Balochistan_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Anjar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Anjar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arunachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arunachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Assam%E2%80%93Tibet_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Assam%E2%80%93Tibet_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Assam%E2%80%93Tibet_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quettahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluchistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluchistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Balochistan_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Balochistan_earthquake7/24/2019 The Indian Subcontinent Has a History of Devastating Earthquakes
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Date
Time
Location
Lat Lo
ng
Deaths
Comments
M
nearthquake
regions ofmodern@day5akistanthenundividedIndia6.
Hanuary"&"23
4
"4B"3I0T
,epalsee 19#4Ne+al'*iharearthquake
-7.&&L,
17.2L;
P"
;picenterlies " kmsouth of:t.
;verest.
1.
April4"2&
"B"2I0T
?angrasee 1905Kan,raearthquake
3-."L,
7D.3L;
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It %as amajorearthquake thatoccurredin the?angraalley andthe?angra
7.1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Balochistan_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Balochistan_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Balochistan_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Nepal%E2%80%93Bihar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Nepal%E2%80%93Bihar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Nepal%E2%80%93Bihar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Nepal%E2%80%93Bihar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Nepal%E2%80%93Bihar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangra,_Himachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_Kangra_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_Kangra_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_Kangra_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_Kangra_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Balochistan_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Balochistan_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Nepal%E2%80%93Bihar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Nepal%E2%80%93Bihar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Nepal%E2%80%93Bihar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangra,_Himachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_Kangra_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_Kangra_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_Kangra_earthquake7/24/2019 The Indian Subcontinent Has a History of Devastating Earthquakes
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Date
Time
Location
Lat Lo
ng
Deaths
Comments
M
region ofthe 5unjab5rovinceno%Eimachal5radesh6
Hune"-"127
"&B3I0T
0hillong Indiasee 1-9&
Assamearthquake
-DL,
2"L;
"&
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Fecember3""11"
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1.&-,
2-.43 ;
;arliestearthquake for %hichruptureparameters havebeenestimatedinstrumentally fromtide
7.2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shillonghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897_Assam_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897_Assam_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897_Assam_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897_Assam_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_Nicobar_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_Nicobar_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_Nicobar_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_Nicobar_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_Nicobar_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shillonghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897_Assam_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897_Assam_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897_Assam_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_Nicobar_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_Nicobar_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_Nicobar_Islands_earthquake7/24/2019 The Indian Subcontinent Has a History of Devastating Earthquakes
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Date
Time
Location
Lat Lo
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Deaths
Comments
M
gauges6
Hun
e"D"1"2
"1B4&to
"1B&localtime
$ujaratsee 1-19.ann o!Kutchearthquake
-3.,
7".;
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>ormed
the Allah)und andJake0indri
1.-
(his list is incom+lete/ ou can hel+ ) e+andin, it.
What are the Harmful Eects of Earthquakes?(1) Damage to human structures - Earthquakescause great damage to human structures such as buildings,
roads, rails, factories, dams, bridges etc, and thus cause heavydamage to human property.
(2) Landslides-The shocks produced by earthquakesparticularly in hilly areas and mountains which are tectonically
sensitive causes landslides and debris fall on human settlements
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_Rann_of_Kutch_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_Rann_of_Kutch_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_Rann_of_Kutch_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_Rann_of_Kutch_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_Rann_of_Kutch_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_listshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_earthquakes_in_India&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_Rann_of_Kutch_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_Rann_of_Kutch_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_Rann_of_Kutch_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_listshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_earthquakes_in_India&action=edit7/24/2019 The Indian Subcontinent Has a History of Devastating Earthquakes
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and transport system on the lower slope segments, inflicting
damage to them.
(3) ires!The strong vibrations caused by severe
earthquakes strongly shake the buildings and thus causing severefires in houses, mines and factories because of overturning of
cooking gas, contact of live electric wires, churning of blast
furnaces, displacement of other fire related and electric
appliances.
(") lash loods!Strong seismic waves cause damage todams thereby causing severe flash floods. Severe floods are also
caused because of blocking of water flow of rivers due to rock
blocks and debris produced by severe tremors in the hill slopesfacing the river valleys. Sometimes the blockage is so severe
that rivers change their main course.
(#) Deformation of $round surface- severe tremorsand resultant vibrations caused by earthquakes result in the
deformation of ground surface because of rise and subsidence of
ground surface and faulting activity( formation of faults.
(%) &sunamis- The seismic waves caused byearthquake( measuring more than ! on richter scale travelling
through sea water generate high sea waves and cause great loss
of life and property.
DISATER MANAGEMENT-ROLE OF STUDENTS
IN A LOT OF NATIONS LATE TEENAGERS ARE PART
OF 'EMERGENCY RESCUE TEAMS' - MOSTLY THE
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TRAINING GOES SIDE BY SIDE ALONG WITH
'COMPULSORY MILITARY TRAINING' PROGRAMS.
I WOULD LIKE TO NEGATE STUDENT COMMUNITY
FROM SEARCH AND RESCUE SINCE THAT IS A
HIGHLY SPECIALIZED JOB AND SHOULD BE LEFT TO
PROFESSIONALS.
THE BASIC ROLE OF THE STUDENT, IN MY OPINION,
IS AWARENESS OF WHAT TO DO DURING AND
AFTER DISASTERS. THIS WOULD LESSEN
PANICKING, PARANOID AND UNCONTROLLABLE
PEOPLE RUNNING AROUND. ALSO, KNOWING WHAT
TO DO WHEN DISASTER STRIKES WILL ALSO
LESSEN THE DEATH TOLL. KNOWING WHAT TO DO
AFTER DISASTER, AND AT LEAST BASIC FIRST AID,WILL ENABLE STUDENTS HELP THE AUTHORITIES IN
SAVING LIVES.
IF STUDENTS ARE WELL TRAINED THEN IF THERE IS
A DISASTER THEY ARE ABLE TO PROTECT
THEMSELVES AND THEY CAN ALSO HELP OTHERS.STUDENT BRANCH IS THE MOST WELL INFORMED
BRANCH OF COMMUNITY. THEY CAN SPREAD
AWARENESS ABOUT DISASTER MANAGEMENT.
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ALSO THEY CAN FORM ASSOCIATION TO HELP IN
TIMES OF DISASTER.
CHILDREN CAN HELP IN MANAGING DISASTERS IN
MANY WAYS FEW OF THEM ARE:-
STUDENTS CAN HELP IN REHABILITATION AND
RESETTLEMENT OF VICTIMS
THEY CAN SPREAD AWARENESS THROUGH
RALLIES IN STREETS
VOLUNTEER IN THE INFORMATION CENTERS AND
FORM ASSOCIATIONS FOR THE DISASTER-DAY
PROVIDE THE VICTIMS WITH BASIC NEEDS
PREVENTING DISASTERS AT HOME - STOPPING
BUILDING FIRES DUE TO PETTY REASONS LIKE A
SHORT CIRCUIT
STUDENTS CAN HELP IN REHABILITATION AND
RESETTLEMENT OF VICTIMS
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THEY CAN SPREAD AWARENESS THROUGH
RALLIES IN STREETS
VOLUNTEER IN THE INFORMATION CENTRES AND
FORM ASSOCIATIONS FOR THE DISASTER-DAY
PROVIDE THE VICTIMS WITH BASIC NEEDS
PREVENTING DISASTERS AT HOME - STOPPING
BUILDING FIRES DUE TO PETTY REASONS LIKE A
SHORT CIRCUIT.
STUDENTS HAVE A MAJOR ROLE TO PLAY IN
MANAGING DISASTERS. THEY CAN:
SPREAD AWARENESS ABOUT DISASTERS AND TIPS
TO HANDLE THEM.
ORGANISE MOCK CAMPS IN THEIR HOLIDAYS IN
NEIGHBORING VILLAGES TO TRAIN PEOPLE TOCOPE UP WITH DISASTERS LIKE EARTHUAKES
BE PART OF 'EMERGENCY RESCUE TEAMS' -
MOSTLY THE TRAINING GOES SIDE BY SIDE ALONG
WITH 'COMPULSORY MILITARY TRAINING'
PROGRAMS !ANOTHER OPINION: SEARCH AND
RESCUE IS A HIGHLY SPECIALIZED JOB AND
SHOULD BE LEFT TO PROFESSIONALS"
A BIG ASPECT OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT IS
PREPAREDNESS.
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THE BASIC ROLE OF THE STUDENT IS AWARENESS
OF WHAT TO DO DURING AND AFTER DISASTERS.
THIS WOULD LESSEN PANICKING, PARANOID ANDUNCONTROLLABLE PEOPLE RUNNING AROUND.
KNOWING WHAT TO DO WHEN DISASTER STRIKES
WILL ALSO LESSEN THE DEATH TOLL. KNOWING
WHAT TO DO AFTER DISASTER, AND AT LEAST
BASIC FIRST AID, WILL ENABLE STUDENTS HELP
THE AUTHORITIES IN SAVING LIVES.
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DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
DISASTERS HAPPEN ANYTIME AND ANYWHERE.
AND WHEN DISASTER STRIKES, YOU MAY NOT HAVE
MUCH TIME TO RESPOND. AN EARTHUAKE,FLOOD, TORNADO, WINTER STORM, HIGHWAY SPILL
OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL OR ANY OTHER
DISASTER COULD CUT WATER, ELECTRICITY, AND
TELEPHONES-FOR DAYS, REUIRE EVACUATION OR
CONFINE YOUR FAMILY AT HOME FOR DAYS.
AFTER A DISASTER, LOCAL OFFICIALS AND RELIEFWORKERS WILL BE ON THE SCENE, BUT THEY
CANNOT REACH EVERYONE IMMEDIATELY. YOU
COULD GET HELP IN HOURS, OR IT MAY TAKE DAYS.
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SO WE SHOULD BE AWARE AND PREPARED TO
COPE WITH THE EMERGENCY UNTIL HELP ARRIVES.
EARTHUAKES: SAFETY TIPS
BEFORE THE EARTHUAKE: IT IS IMPORTANT TO
FORMULATE A SAFETY PLAN.
ALWAYS KEEP THE FOLLOWING IN A DESIGNATED
PLACE: BOTTLED DRINKING WATER, NON-PERISHABLE FOOD !CHURA, GUR, ETC", FIRST-AID
KIT, TORCHLIGHT AND BATTERY-OPERATED RADIO
WITH E#TRA BATTERIES.
TEACH FAMILY MEMBERS HOW TO TURN OFF
ELECTRICITY, GAS, ETC.
IDENTIFY PLACES IN THE HOUSE THAT CAN
PROVIDE COVER DURING AN EARTHUAKE.
IT MAY BE EASIER TO MAKE LONG DISTANCE CALLS
DURING AN EARTHUAKE. IDENTIFY AN OUT-OF-
TOWN RELATIVE OR FRIEND AS YOUR FAMILY'S
EMERGENCY CONTACT. IF THE FAMILY MEMBERS
GET SEPARATED AFTER THE EARTHUAKE AND ARE
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NOT ABLE TO CONTACT EACH OTHER, THEY
SHOULD CONTACT THE DESIGNATED
RELATIVE$FRIEND. THE ADDRESS AND PHONE
NUMBER OF THE CONTACT PERSON$RELATIVESHOULD BE WITH ALL THE FAMILY MEMBERS.
CONSIDER RETROFITTING YOUR HOUSE WITH
EARTHUAKE-SAFETY MEASURES TO SAFEGUARD
YOUR HOUSE. REINFORCING THE FOUNDATION AND
FRAME COULD MAKE YOUR HOUSE UAKERESISTANT. YOU MAY CONSULT A REPUTABLE
CONTRACTOR AND FOLLOW BUILDING CODES.
KUTCHHA BUILDING CAN ALSO BE RETROFITTED
AND STRENGTHENED.
DURING THE EARTHUAKE: EARTHUAKES GIVE
NO WARNING AT ALL. SOMETIMES, A LOUD
RUMBLING SOUND MIGHT SIGNAL ITS ARRIVAL A
FEW SECONDS AHEAD OF TIME. THOSE FEW
SECONDS COULD GIVE YOU A CHANCE TO MOVE
TO A SAFER LOCATION. HERE ARE SOME TIPS FORKEEPING SAFE DURING A UAKE.
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TAKE COVER. GO UNDER A TABLE OR OTHER
STURDY FURNITURE% KNEEL, SIT, OR STAY CLOSE
TO THE FLOOR. HOLD ON TO FURNITURE LEGS FOR
BALANCE. BE PREPARED TO MOVE IF YOUR COVERMOVES.
IF NO STURDY COVER IS NEARBY, KNEEL OR SIT
CLOSE TO THE FLOOR NE#T TO A STRUCTURALLY
SOUND INTERIOR WALL. PLACE YOUR HANDS ON
THE FLOOR FOR BALANCE.
DO NOT STAND IN DOORWAYS. VIOLENT MOTION
COULD CAUSE DOORS TO SLAM AND CAUSE
SERIOUS INJURIES. YOU MAY ALSO BE HIT BY
FLYING OBJECTS.
MOVE AWAY FROM WINDOWS, MIRRORS,
BOOKCASES AND OTHER UNSECURED HEAVY
OBJECTS.
IF YOU ARE IN BED, STAY THERE AND COVER
YOURSELF WITH PILLOWS AND BLANKETS.
DO NOT RUN OUTSIDE IF YOU ARE INSIDE. NEVER
USE THE LIFT.
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IF YOU ARE LIVING IN A KUTCHA HOUSE, THE BEST
THING TO DO IS TO MOVE TO AN OPEN AREA
WHERE THERE ARE NO TREES, ELECTRIC ORTELEPHONE WIRES.
MOVE INTO THE OPEN, AWAY FROM BUILDINGS,
STREETLIGHTS, AND UTILITY WIRES. ONCE IN THE
OPEN STAY THERE UNTIL THE SHAKING STOPS.
IF YOUR HOME IS BADLY DAMAGED, YOU WILL HAVE
TO LEAVE. COLLECT WATER, FOOD, MEDICINE,
OTHER ESSENTIAL ITEMS AND IMPORTANT
DOCUMENTS BEFORE LEAVING.
AVOID PLACES WHERE THERE ARE LOOSE
ELECTRICAL WIRES AND DO NOT TOUCH METAL
OBJECTS THAT ARE IN TOUCH WITH THE LOOSE
WIRES.
DO NOT RE-ENTER DAMAGED BUILDINGS AND STAY
AWAY FROM BADLY DAMAGED STRUCTURES.
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IF IN MOVING VEHICLES: MOVE TO A CLEAR AREA
AWAY FROM BUILDINGS, TREES, OVERPASSES, OR
UTILITY WIRES, STOP, AND STAY IN THE VEHICLE.
ONCE THE SHAKING HAS STOPPED, PROCEED WITHCAUTION. AVOID BRIDGES OR RAMPS THAT MIGHT
HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY THE UAKE.
AFTER THE UAKE: HERE ARE A FEW THINGS TO
KEEP IN MIND AFTER AN EARTHUAKE. THE
CAUTION YOU DISPLAY IN THE AFTERMATH CAN BEESSENTIAL FOR YOUR PERSONAL SAFETY:
WEAR SHOES$CHAPPALS TO PROTECT YOUR FEET
FROM DEBRIS.
AFTER THE FIRST TREMOR, BE PREPARED FOR
AFTERSHOCKS. THOUGH LESS INTENSE,
AFTERSHOCKS CAUSE ADDITIONAL DAMAGES AND
MAY BRING DOWN WEAKENED STRUCTURES.
AFTERSHOCKS CAN OCCUR IN THE FIRST HOURS,
DAYS, WEEKS, OR EVEN MONTHS AFTER THE
UAKE.
CHECK FOR FIRE HAZARDS AND USE TORCHLIGHTS
INSTEAD OF CANDLES OR LANTERNS.
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IF THE BUILDING YOU LIVE IN IS IN A GOOD SHAPE
AFTER THE EARTHUAKE, STAY INSIDE AND LISTEN
FOR RADIO ADVISES. IF YOU ARE NOT CERTAINABOUT THE DAMAGE TO YOUR BUILDING,
EVACUATE CAREFULLY. DO NOT TOUCH DOWNED
POWER LINE.
HELP INJURED OR TRAPPED PERSONS. GIVE FIRST
AID WHERE APPROPRIATE. DO NOT MOVESERIOUSLY INJURED PERSONS UNLESS THEY ARE IN
IMMEDIATE DANGER OF FURTHER INJURY. IN SUCH
CASES, CALL FOR HELP.
REMEMBER TO HELP YOUR NEIGHBOURS WHO MAY
REUIRE SPECIAL ASSISTANCE-INFANTS, THEELDERLY, AND PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES.
LISTEN TO A BATTERY-OPERATED RADIO FOR THE
LATEST EMERGENCY INFORMATION.
STAY OUT OF DAMAGED BUILDINGS.
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RETURN HOME ONLY WHEN AUTHORITIES SAY IT IS
SAFE. CLEAN UP SPILLED MEDICINES, BLEACHES
OR GASOLINE OR OTHER FLAMMABLE LIUIDS
IMMEDIATELY. LEAVE THE AREA IF YOU SMELL GASOR FUMES FROM OTHER CHEMICALS. OPEN
CLOSET AND CUPBOARD DOORS CAUTIOUSLY.
IF YOU SMELL GAS OR HEAR HISSING NOISE, OPEN
WINDOWS AND UICKLY LEAVE THE BUILDING.
TURN OFF THE SWITCH ON THE TOP OF THE GASCYLINDER.
LOOK FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DAMAGES - IF YOU
SEE SPARKS, BROKEN WIRES, OR IF YOU SMELL
BURNING OF AMBER, TURN OFF ELECTRICITY AT
THE MAIN FUSE BO#. IF YOU HAVE TO STEP INWATER TO GET TO THE FUSE BO#, CALL AN
ELECTRICIAN FIRST FOR ADVICE.
CHECK FOR SEWAGE AND WATER LINES DAMAGE.
IF YOU SUSPECT SEWAGE LINES ARE DAMAGED,
AVOID USING THE TOILETS. IF WATER PIPES AREDAMAGED, AVOID USING WATER FROM THE TAP.
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USE THE TELEPHONE ONLY FOR EMERGENCY
CALLS.
IN CASE FAMILY MEMBERS ARE SEPARATED FROM
ONE ANOTHER DURING AN EARTHUAKE !A REAL
POSSIBILITY DURING THE DAY WHEN ADULTS ARE
AT WORK AND CHILDREN ARE AT SCHOOL",
DEVELOP A PLAN FOR REUNITING AFTER THE
DISASTER. ASK AN OUT OF STATE $ DISTRICT
RELATIVE OR FRIEND TO SERVE AS THE &FAMILYCONTACT&. MAKE SURE EVERYONE IN THE FAMILY
KNOWS THE NAME, ADDRESS, AND PHONE
NUMBER!S" OF THE CONTACT PERSON !S".
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