Flemish Parliament
21 October 2019
The importance of climate resilience for
food security, illustrated through
projects of FAO
In collaboration with:
5
SPEAKERS
• H.E. Tedson Aubrey Kalebe, Ambassador of Malawi in Belgium
• James Okoth, Deputy FAO Representative Malawi FAO Malawi
• Eva Maes, Policy Advisor on Agriculture and Food Security, Flanders
Department of Foreign Affairs
MODERATOR
• Ruben Arnaerts, Trainee Project Manager CIFAL Flanders
5
OPENING REMARKS
H.E. Tedson Aubrey Kalebe
Ambassador of Malawi in Belgium
5
Eva Maes
Policy Advisor on Agriculture and Food Security, Flanders Department of
Foreign affairs
The
importance
of climate
resilience for
food security
in Malawi
Flanders Department of Foreign AffairsFlanders Department of Foreign AffairsFlanders Department of Foreign AffairsFlanders Department of Foreign Affairs
UN DAY Flanders UN DAY Flanders UN DAY Flanders UN DAY Flanders –––– 21 OCTOBER 201921 OCTOBER 201921 OCTOBER 201921 OCTOBER 2019
820 mio people are hungry
2 billion people: no regular access
to safe, nutritious and sufficient food
Overweight and obesity
Economic slowndown and downturns
Resilience capacity
+ Mounting challenges
Right to adequate food
pro-poor and inclusive transformation
economic and social policies
tackling existing inequalities
Global food systems at crossroads
Food systems & nutrition
Agro-ecology and other innovative approaches
Sustainable food systems
Government of
Flanders intends to
contribute to a new
international partnership for
sustainable development
based on solidarity, equality,
cooperation and
international law
• Agriculture
• Food security
• Climate resilience
• Health
Malawi Mozambique South Africa
Strong focus on Southern Africa and
cooperation with three partner countries
Agenda 2030
Key values: Human rights, good governance & equal opportunities
Innovation, systems thinking and partnerships
Adaptation : limit the negative impact of climate
change on living conditions. Strengthens climate
resilience. Ex. Climate smart agriculture
Mitigation: reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Ex.
green energy, energy efficiency, carbon harvesting
and storage
Co-operation with multilateralorganisations
€ 8,7 € 7,2 € 8,5 € 4,8
€ 11,9 € 10,5
€ 4,2 € 5,2 € 3,6
€ 5,5
€ 2,5 € 2,8
€ 1,7 € 2,5 € 4,8
€ 14,1
€ 1,6 € 1,5
26,1%26,1%26,1%26,1% 26,9%26,9%26,9%26,9%
31,4%31,4%31,4%31,4%
43,8%43,8%43,8%43,8%
32,0%32,0%32,0%32,0% 30,9%30,9%30,9%30,9%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
€0
€5
€10
€15
€20
€25
€30
2013201320132013 2014201420142014 2015201520152015 2016201620162016 2017201720172017 2018201820182018
Bi-Multi contributions, earmarked on projects
Bi-Multi contributions, earmarked on existing pgms and funds
Unearmarked, multilateral contributions
transformation of the agricultural sector
specific attention to women and youth
increase, diversify and commercialize agricultural production in a sustainable way
participate in inclusive markets
better, resilient livelihoods.
ODA to Malawi - 2014-2018
€15,99 €15,99 €15,99 €15,99 ; ; ; ; 46%46%46%46%
€14,12 €14,12 €14,12 €14,12 ; ; ; ; 40%40%40%40%
€1,90 €1,90 €1,90 €1,90 ; ; ; ; 5%5%5%5%
€3,21 €3,21 €3,21 €3,21 ; ; ; ; 9%9%9%9%
UN (incl. ASWAP) Local NGO’s
GoM (exc. ASWAP) Other
Food security/climate resilienceUN – Flanders in Malawi
Way ForwardWay ForwardWay ForwardWay Forward
5
James Okoth
Deputy FAO Representative, Malawi FAO Malawi
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Building Resilience of Communities to Effects of Climate Change (Experiences from Malawi)
OKOTH, James Robert
FAO MALAWI
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Context • Marginal and fragile ecosystems prone to hydrological hazards
• Extreme weather conditions – recurrent & prolonged dry spells, poor rainfall distribution, flash floods, etc.
• Massive environmental degradation and deterioration of rangeland health and productivity (more invasive, poisonous weeds & woody species)
• New epicentres for Transboundary Animal Diseases and Pests
• Fast growing population
• Cumulative effects of successive shocks have led to low productivity resulting in Chronic Food and Nutrition insecurity
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Programming Realities
• Gender dimension - Livelihoods of vulnerable segments of society (women,
elderly & child hh with little control over productive assets) more impacted by effects of CC
• Resilience building is complex due to heterogeneity and multi-faceted nature of the vulnerability drivers
• Fragmented frameworks and initiatives undermining attainment of desired goals
• Short funding cycles
• Capacities of Extension Services to cope with complex change
• Heavy reliance on wood fuel
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Opportunities
• Policy and development strategy instruments prioritising CC – MGDS, NAIP, MNSSP and NRS
• Government has adopted a multi sectoral approach to tackle underlying drivers and effects of CC
• Development partners (Donors, UN and CSOs) increasingly embracing more holistic approaches
• Reforms within the UN leading to more joint and long term programming
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Approach
• Blending Disaster Risk Reduction & Climate Change Adaptation addressing multiple threats to livelihoods with short- and medium-term interventions
• Catchment-base interventions – critical mass of good practice
• Programme approach Vs one-off projects
• Comprehensive institutional capacity development to augment exiting conventional approaches with requisite responsive & holistic transformative farmer education
• Involvement of key institutions (academia, research, traditional leaders etc.)
• Placing the resources users at the centre of diagnosis and planning for their community interventions - Community outreach
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Strengthening Institutional Capacity
• Strengthening agricultural extension delivery services to be responsive to the unique needs of farming communities under CC
• Enhancing surveillance capabilities for timely response to pest and disease outbreaks
• Enhancing coordination and linkages across agriculture, social protection and resilience programmes
• Climate risk monitoring and early warning systems
• Linking short-term emergency response to long term resilience programming
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Community Outreach
• Placing communities at the centre of risk management
• Diversification and Accumulation of assets, two precursors to building household and community resilience
• Enhances farmer peer learning & transformative empowerment (knowledge) through FFS
• Diverse and dynamic Content - blending DRR and CCA addressing multiple threats to livelihoods with short- & medium-term interventions
• Working simultaneously on three mutually reinforcing dimensions: Technical + Financial + Social
Financial
•Income generating
activities
•Group marketing
•Saving & loan schemes
•Private sector linkages
RESILIENCE
Facilitative
Technical
Social
•Social protection & safety nets
•Gender mainstreaming
•Institutional dev/strengthening
•Governance
•Sustainable agriculture
(crop/livestock/fisheries)
•Natural resources mgt
•Post harvest handling
•Entrepreneurial skills
•Nutrition education
•Life skills
Conditionality
Community
Outreach
Gro
wth
of
ou
tco
me
s
Year 1 Year 3 Year 2 Timeline Year 4
Schematic Progression of Results
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FAO – GoM Collaboration with Support from the Government of Flanders
Emergency Response
2008 - 2011
Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture
2011 - 2015
Market Access
2016 - 2020
Land Use Planning & Management
2019 - 2023
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Profile of Beneficiaries
3.147
1.557
5.277
3.907 3.409
9.340
7.054
12.020
26.637
-
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
2016/17 2017/18 2018/19
Male Female Cummulative
• 991 Farmer Organisations nurtured
• Direct beneficiary HH to date: 26,637
• Proportion of Women: 63%
• Proportion of Youth: 36%
• Direct beneficiary population: 133,185
• Community outreach scope of influence: 400,000
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Rural Savings Mobilisation
2469 2629
5011
4034
6034
8736
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
2017 2018 2019
Mem
be
rsh
ip
Enrolment in Group Savings
Male Female
• Women more receptive to participating in group savings at 63%
• Women are less likely to default loans
• Translating technical & entrepreneurial skills, into meaningful small businesses hence diversifying sources of income and more resilient
• Strong correlation between participating in group saving and engaging in bulking and collective marketing
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Savings and Loan Trends 2017 - 2019
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000ja
n/1
7
feb
/17
mrt
/17
apr/
17
mei
/17
jun
/17
jul/
17
aug/
17
sep
/17
okt
/17
no
v/1
7
de
c/1
7
jan
/18
feb
/18
mrt
/18
apr/
18
mei
/18
jun
/18
jul/
18
aug/
18
sep
/18
okt
/18
no
v/1
8
de
c/1
8
jan
/19
feb
/19
mrt
/19
apr/
19
mei
/19
jun
/19
jul/
19
Euro
s Eq
uiv
alen
t
Months
Total Borrowed Total Savings
• Gradual growth in accumulated savings: €130 917 in 2018 and €121 232 as of July 2019
• About 90% of saving in circulation as loans accruing interests to members
• Households able to procure own inputs in a timely manner – depicted by the depreciations in the curves
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Commodity Aggregation
Better hh income translating in improved livelihoods & resilience
• Increased functional commodity bulking centre by 126% and contracts with agro processors have improved farmers’ bargain
• Increased volumes aggregated: • Soya from 6MT to 1 811 MT • Beans from 1 MT to 92 MT
• Income from the 2019 sales • Soya : €619 288 • Beans : €70 845 • Maize : €39 087
3.523
1.295
89
10
84
170
1.811
92
13
35
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Maize
Soya
Beans
G/nuts
Sunflower
TOTAL SALES (MT)
Commodities Sales through Collective Bulking centres
2019 2018 2017
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Conclusions
• The iterative programming incorporating emerging lessons has over the years resulted into meaningful strengthening of community resilience
• Building Community resilience is a process that requires time, responsive and holistic transformative farmer education to complement existing Extension Services
• Blending entrepreneurial skills, group savings and knowledge on sustainable production practices is crucial if HH are to translate the concepts into meaningful investments
• Through aggregate marketing, even the very small holders are able to benefit from the good market process to meet their basic needs
• Strengthening extension services to cope with the changing needs of the farmers remains critical
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Challenge
• Climate Change Adaptation is conceptual and complex – not ordinary facilitators – need for an inbuilt continuous capacity development
• Results are not immediate and therefore maintaining motivation of the farmers is crucial
• Necessitates translating from field level to farming systems and landscape level beyond a single commodity
• Tendency for geospatial distribution of activities yet this requires harmonization and convergence of interventions with selected communities over time
• Require multi-disciplinary teams which have diverse working methodologies – need for harmonization
• Public good attitude!!!
Planning Module for Master Trainers, Mozambique May 2017
5
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