The hypothalamo-hypophyseal systems.
The pituitary gland
Regulation of endocrine organs
Közp. idegr.
Releasing hormon (pl. CRF)
Adenohypophysis sejt (pl. corticotrop)
Glandotrop hormon (pl. ACTH)
Neurosecretion: secreration of neruon
gets into the bloodstream
Negative feedback: hormons of target
organ inhibit the adenohypophysis
- Median eminence
Pituitary gland: parts
Embryology: Rathke’s pouch + floor of diencephalon
Problem: craniopharyngioma tumors
Acidophil: GH, PROL
Secreted hormone Abbreviation Produced by Effect
Oxytocin Magnocellular neurosecretory cells
Uterine contractionLactation (letdown reflex)
Vasopressin(antidiuretic hormone)
ADH Magnocellular neurosecretory neurons
Increase in the permeability to water of the cells of distal tubule and collecting duct in the kidney and thus allows water reabsorption and excretion of concentrated urine
Portal circulation
Secreted hormone Abbreviation Produced by Effect
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
TRH, TRF, or PRH
Parvocellular neurosecretory neurons
Stimulate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release from anterior pituitary (primarily)
Dopamine(Prolactin-inhibiting hormone)
DA or PIHarcuate nucleus
Inhibit prolactin release from anterior pituitary
Growth hormone-releasing hormone
GHRHArcuate nucleus
Stimulate Growth hormone (GH) release from anterior pituitary
Somatostatin(growth hormone-inhibiting hormone)
SS, GHIH, or SRIF
Periventricular nucleus
Inhibit Growth hormone (GH) release from anterior pituitaryInhibit thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release from anterior pituitary
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
GnRH or LHRH
Preoptic area
Stimulate follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release from anterior pituitaryStimulate luteinizing hormone (LH) release from anterior pituitary
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
CRH or CRFParvocellular neurosecretory neurons
Stimulate adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release from anterior pituitary
(1) Chromophils Acidophils - Somatotrophs - Mammotrophs Basophils - Thyrotrophs - Corticotrophs - Gonadotrophs
(2) Chromophobes
Herring bodies (Gömöri / chrome haematoxylin phloxine)
3.: Bitemporal hemianposia
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