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Country Repo rt f o r China-Experiences In t ro d u ct io n

Wang MengjieLi JingmingGe Weiyan

Chinese Academy o f A g ric u lt u ra lEngineering Research and Planning

The Fuel Saving Stoves Dissemination andRural Ene rgy Development i n China

Sub-Regional Exp ert Consu ltat io n onImproved Stoves i n South Asian Coun tries

21-24 January 1991, Uda ip t i r , In d ia

Regiona l Wood Energy Develop ment ProgrammeFOODAND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION

OF THE UNITED NATIONS


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1.0 BACKGROUND

The Fu el S aving St oves Disse mina tion andRural Ene rgy Development i n China

Wang Me ngjieLi JingmingGe Weiyan

Chinese Academy of Agricuttural Engineering Research and Planning

Stove i s a common and nonconspicuous furn ace used f o r cooking i n th e k i t c h e nof ev er y family, bu t i t i s able t o change the mountains to be green, th e waterto b e c l e a n , t h e p i l e o f f a g go t t o b e b ig g e r, t h e f e e d s t u f f s t o he a b un d a nt ,and t h e s o i l t o b e f e r t i l e . S ome bo d y may s a y t h a t i s a ma gic s t o r y , b u t t h e ya l l a r e t h e f a c t s t o b e happened i n Ch in a.

I f w e c o u n t t h e t o t a l amount o f r u r a l en erg y re so u rce s i n Ch in a, i t i s q u i t eabundant, b u t t h e b i g p o pu la t io n , t h e p o o r f i n a n c i a l c a p a c it y , t h e b a c kw a rdt ech nics i n e x p o i t a t i o n a nd u t i l i z a t i o n o f r u r a l en e rg y a nd t h e l o w e f f i c i e n c yin u s i n g t h e e ne rg y, a l l t h e se make t h e s u p p ly o f e n e rg y i s n o t s u f f i c i e n t f o rthe demand o f ru ra l f a mi l ie s.Per c a p i t a c o n s u mp t io n o f e ne rg y f o r t h e wh o le Ch in ese p e op le i s o n l y o n ef ou rt h o f t h e pe o ple o f t h e wh o le wo r ld . W h i l e t h e c o n d i t io n o f t h e s h o r t a g eof en e rg y o f th e Chinese farmers i s worse than th at , p e r ca p i ta consumption o fe,iergyforthefarmersinChi

world.To u s e t h e c ro p s t ra w s a nd fi re w o o d as t h e ma in f u e l f o r l i v e l i h o o d , C h i n e s epeople occ up ies h a l f o f t he peop le o f t he who le wor ld . T h a t means more t h a neight hun dre d mi l l i o n Chinese people use above b iomass energy f o r the co ok in gand h e a t i n g p urp ose s. A c c o r d i n g t o t h e s t a t i s t i c d a t a a t t h e en d o f 1 988 , t h eper ann um consumpt ion o f energy of th e ru ra l people i n China was eq uivalen t t o524 mi l l i o n t o n s o f s tandard coa l . Among t h i s amount o f energy consumpt ion ,58.896 wa s th e biomass energy such as f i rewood, c ro p st raws and oth er o rg a n icwastes. Th e a m o u n t o f a nn ua l a cc umu la t io n o f f o r e s t i n Ch in a i s a b o u t 3 3 0mi l l io n cu b ic meters i n average. Among them, 100 mi l l i o n tons are bu rnt as the

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fue l by the farmers in China. T h e t o t a l amount o f c rop s t raws produced annu al lyis about 500 mi l l io n tons and h a l f o f them are b urnt in the chambers o f cook ingstove. Fo l l o w i n g the rap id deve lopment o f r u ra l economy, t h e g reat change i nthe st ruc tu re o f ru ra l energy consumpt ion have been happened. i n the developedregions o f China, t h e pro po rt ion o f t he commercial energy t o the biomass energyhas b e e n ch a ng e d t o 7 , 3 . H o w t o sa ve b o t h t h e c omme rcia l e n e r g y a n d t h ebiomass en erg y become t h e u rgen t t ask f o r Ch inese people espe c ia l l y i n t h erura l area.Accord ing t o the present Chinese ru ra l people 's l i v in g s tandard, b y survey ing,the sho r tag e o f energy supp l ied f o r t he l i ve l i ho od a tone i s about 2294 o f t h eto ta l amoun t o f energy demand. Du e to the over de fo res ta t i on , t h e persen tageof f o re s t co ve r has decreased to abou t 1294 i n average o f t h e who le co un t ry .Th is makes fo l l ow ing re su l t s , t he so i l and wa te r t oc, b e e r o d e d s e r i o u s l y ,a b o u t

x (0tsmokm o f sandy land t o be newly formed, abo ut 4 6 7 0Ah a o f p a s t u r e l a n dt o b edegenerated, t h e g r e a t a m ou n t o f s u rf a ce s o i l t o b e washed a w a y b y d i r e c trunoff b e i n g e q u i va l e n t t o 1 cm t h i c k o f t he su rf ace s o i l o f t h e t o t a lc u lt iv a t e d l a n d i n Ch in a. I n t h i s wa y, t h e t o s s o f n it ro g e n , p ho sp ho ru s a n dpotassium, t h e t h r e e m a i n e le me n t s, i n t h e s o i l o f t h e w h o l e c o u n t r y b yequiva len t t o 6096 o f t h e t o ta l amoun t o f p roduc ti on o f chemica l f e r t i l i z e rs i nChina. C o m b i n e d w i t h 6596 o f t h e t o t a l a mou nt o f c ro p st ra w s a n d m o s t o fanimal d u n g t o b e b u rn t a s f u e l f o r co okin g made t h e s o i l t o b e v e r y l e a n .Consequently, s u c h e v i l d o i n g s d e s t ro y e d th e e c o l o g i c b a l a n c e a n d b a d l yef fected the a g r icu l tu ra l and an imal product ion.

2.0 POLICY OF RURAL ENERGY ENACTED BY CHINESE GOVERNMENTThe p o l i c y o f ru ra l energy t o be enacted by Chinese government i s summer izedin to 1 6 C h i n e s e c ha ra ct e rs . I f t h i s p o l i c y b e t ra n s la t e d i n t o E n g lis h i s a sfo l l ows , " s u i t t he measures t o l o ca l cond i t ions , use mu l t i p l e energy resourcesas compensat ion , syn th e t i c a l l y use them and be su re t o ge t t h e re a l b e n e f i t . "and " t he development and f i le saving o f the energy runn ing a t th e same t i me . "Acco rd ing t o t h e e xp e rie n ce s i n t h e p a st t e n y e a rs i n C hin a, t h e f u e l s a v i n gstove i s a n e f f ec t i ve measure to a l l ev ia te d the energy shortage p rob lem w i t hvery l o w in ve st me n t p a r t i c u l a r l y i n t he r u r a l a re a. T h a t i s w h y Ch in e segovernment has esta bl ishe d org an izatio ns, in ve st e d a ce rt a in amount o f money inresearch ing , b u i l d i n g , manu factu ring , d i ssemina t i ng and t ra in in g f o r t he f u e lsaving s t o v e n o t o n l y f o r t h e biomass b ut a ls o f o r t h e c o a l a s e n e r g yresources.Many l o c a l government a t a l l l ev e l s have connected the deve lopment o f f u e l

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