The Endless Frontier in Science and Technology:
Role of the United States and PurdueOctober 1, 2007
Charles O. Rutledge, Ph.D.Vice President for Research
Pankaj Sharma, Ph.D.Associate Director, Discovery Park
Office of Vice President for Research
Outline
• Evolution of Science, Technology, and Policy– Pre-War, During War, Post-war
• Current Infrastructure– Think Tanks, Funding Agencies, National Labs,
Regulatory Agencies, Associations, Foundations, Corporations, Donors
• Purdue– Past, Present, Future
Office of Vice President for Research
Pre-World War II (1787-1940)
• 1787: The Constitutional Convention• 1807: Survey of Coast• 1862: The Department of Agriculture
and the Land Grant College Act• 1870: United States Weather Service• 1879: U.S. Geological Survey• 1887: National Institutes of Health• 1916: Naval Research Laboratory• 1931: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory• 1937: National Cancer Institute
1st U.S. President1789-1797
George Washington
Abraham Lincoln16th U.S. President
1861-1865
Office of Vice President for Research
World War II
• 1940-1941National Defense Research Committee and Office of Scientific Research and Defense
• 1940-1945Manhattan Project
National Defense Research Committee
1st Official Meeting on July 2, 1940
Office of Vice President for Research
Moving Forward in the Post-war Era
• What scientific contributions have been made during the war?
• What can be done now in the war of science against disease?
• What can the government do to aid research activities?
• Can an effective program be proposed for the discovery and development of scientific talent in American youth?
November 1944: President Roosevelt’s letter to Dr. Vannevar Bush asked the following:
32nd U.S. President1933-1945
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Office of Vice President for Research
Moving Forward in the Post-war Era
Scientific contributions • Penicillin, radar, better agricultural products, jobs in new industries
(radio, air conditioning, rayon, synthetic fibers/rubber, plastics)• More abundant food supply, better living, more leisure, longer life,
and better health
War of science against disease• Extend financial support for basic medical research in medical schools and universities.
Aid for research activities• More and better scientific research is essential for our goal of full employment.• Basic research should be strengthened by use of public funds.• Create science advisory board to advise executive/legislative branches of government.• Allow deduction of R&D expenditures for industry research. • Promote international flow of scientific information.
Developing scientific talent• For every boy or girl shall know that, if s/he shows that s/he has what it takes,
the sky is the limit.• Remove barriers for receiving higher education.• Provide reasonable number of scholarships and fellowships for advanced training and
fundamental research.• Create a National Research Foundation.
July 1945: Dr. Vannevar Bush provided the following recommendations:
Dr. Vannevar Bush
Office of Vice President for Research
Post-World War II
• 1946: Office of Naval Research• 1946: Department of Energy• 1947: National Laboratories• 1950: National Science Foundation• 1954: President’s Science Advisory
Committee• 1980: Bayh-Dole Act• 1989: End of the Cold War• 1989-2000: Steps Toward
Interdisciplinary Research
Birch Bayh IIU.S. Senator from Indiana 1963-1981
Bob DoleU.S. Senator from Kansas1969-1996
Office of Vice President for Research
Recent Trends (2000 – today)
Challenges Driving Interdisciplinary Research
• The inherent complexity of Nature and Society
• The drive to explore basic research problems at the interfaces of disciplines
• The need to solve societal problems
• The stimulus of generative technologies
Office of Vice President for Research
Science, Technology, and Policy
Policy combined with infrastructure provides an endless frontier for science and technology.
Infr
astr
uct
ure
Policy
An infrastructure enables us to undertake challenges and explore new avenues.
Office of Vice President for Research
Infrastructure: Think Tanks
The National AcademiesAdvisors to the Nation on Science, Engineering and Medicine
• National Academy of Sciences (1863)• National Research Council (1916)• National Academy of Engineering (1964)• Institute of Medicine (1970)
Office of Vice President for Research
Infrastructure: Universities
• Purdue
• MIT
• Harvard
• Stanford
• Berkeley
• Cornell
• many others
France Córdova Purdue University’s 11th President
Office of Vice President for Research
Infrastructure: Funding Agencies
• National Science Foundation• National Institutes of Health• United States Department of Agriculture• Department of Energy• Department of Defense• Department of Transportation• Environmental Protection Agency• Department of Health and Human Services• Department of Education• Department of Commerce• Department of Homeland Security• National Aeronautics and Space Administration• United States Agency for International
Development
Chuck ConnerActing Head, USDA
Office of Vice President for Research
Infrastructure: Department of Energy (DOE) National Labs
• Idaho National Laboratory between Arco and Idaho Falls, Idaho • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California • Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois • National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado • Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California • Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico • Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee • National Energy Technology Laboratory in Albany, Oregon;
Fairbanks, Alaska; Morgantown, West Virginia; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Tulsa, Oklahoma
• Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington • Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico and
Livermore, California
Office of Vice President for Research
Infrastructure: DOE Technology Centers• Ames Laboratory in Ames, Iowa • New Brunswick Laboratory in Argonne National
Laboratory • Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education in Oak
Ridge, Tennessee • Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory in Princeton, New
Jersey • Radiological & Environmental Sciences Laboratory • Savannah River Ecology Laboratory• Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in Menlo Park,
California • Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Newport
News, Virginia
Office of Vice President for Research
Infrastructure: Regulatory Agencies
• US Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO)
• US Food and Drug Administration
• US Environmental Protection Agency
Headquarters of USPTO OfficeAlexandria, Virginia
Office of Vice President for Research
Infrastructure: Associations• American Society for Pharmacology and
Experimental Therapeutics• Institute for Electrical and Electronics
Engineers• Association of American Medical
Colleges• Federation of American Societies for
Experimental Biology• American Association for the
Advancement of Science• American Association of Colleges of
Pharmacy• American Association of
Pharmaceutical Scientists• American Physical Society• American Chemical Society• American Geophysical Society
Charles Rutledge
American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Leah JamiesonPresident2006-Current
President1996-1997
Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Office of Vice President for Research
Infrastructure: Foundations
• Regenstrief Foundation
• Lilly Endowment, Inc.
• Gates Foundation
• Keck Foundation
• Rockefeller Foundation
Samuel Nathan Regenstrief (1910-1988)
Office of Vice President for Research
Infrastructure: Corporations
• Eli Lilly and Company• Roche Diagnostics• DowAgro Sciences• Zimmer• Cook Biotech• Bio Analytical
Systems Inc.Elli Lilly and Company
Headquarters, Indianapolis
Office of Vice President for Research
Infrastructure: Others
• Donors• Michael and Katherine Birck• William and Mary Ann Bindley• Burton D. Morgan • Glenn and Edna Mann
• Economic Development Corporations• Indiana Economic Development
Corporation
• Rotary Club• United Way
Michael and Katherine Birck
Burton D. Morgan
William and Mary Ann Bindley
Glenn andEdna Mann
Office of Vice President for Research
Purdue: Past and PresentNancy HoMolecular GeneticistR&D 100 Award (1998)for Better Yeast
Leslie GeddesWinner of NationalMedal of Technology2006Medical Devices &Tissue Engineering
Neil ArmstrongFirst Person
to set foot on the MoonJuly 20, 1969
Ardent BementDirector
2005-Present National Science Foundation
Office of Vice President for Research
Purdue: Future
229.9217.8
243.4
294.3
261.4
301.2
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
Developing strategy to double funding from $300 million to $600 million
Office of Vice President for Research
Purdue: FutureDiscovery Park Developing Infrastructure to
Use Interdisciplinary Approach to Address Global Grand Challenges
EnergyIndependence
HomelandSecurity
GlobalWarming
Healthcare
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