Download - The Ecological Footprint Atlas - 2009 (Global Footprint Network)

8/14/2019 The Ecological Footprint Atlas - 2009 (Global Footprint Network)

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NOVEMBER,

GLOBAL FOOPRIN NEWORK, RESEARCH AND SANDARDS DEPARMEN

ECOLOGICAL FOOPRIN ALAS


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AUTHORS:Bd Ewg

Seve Gdfge

A Oe

Ade Reed

Dvd Me

Mh Wkege

Dege:

N Pd

A Oe

Bd Ewg

Sggeed C:

Ewg B., S. Gdfge, A. Oe, A. Reed, D. Me, d M.

Wkege. 2009. Te Eg F A 2009. Okd: Gb

F Newk.

Te deg emyed d he ee me he TeEg F A 2009 d my he exe y wheve he Gb F Newk e

gz eg he eg y y, ey, y,

e he, eg he dem e

bde.

F he m, ee :

Global Footprint Network

312 Cy See, Se 300

Okd, CA 94607-3510 USA

Phe: +1.510.839.8879

E-m: [email protected]

Webe: h://www.ewk.g

P N G F Nk,Ok, C, U S A.

x : G F Nk. A . A - .


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Tableof ConTenTs

List of Abbreviations viii

Foreword 5

Rethinking Wealth in a Resource-Constrained World /5

Te Role o Metrics /5

Use o the Footprint by National Governments /6

Seizing the Opportunity /6

Purpose of this Report 7

Ecological Footprint and Biological Capacity /7

History o the Ecological Footprint, Biological Capacity, and the National Footprint Accounts /8

Calculation Methodology: National Footprint Accounts 10

Ecological Footprint Assessment /10

Consumption, Production, and rade /11

Land Area types o the National Footprint Accounts /11

Cropland

Grazing land

Forest or timber and uelwood

Fishing ground

Built-up land

Forest or carbon dioxide uptake

Normalizing Bioproductive Areas From Hectares to Global Hectares /13

Methodology Updates between the 2008 and 2009 Edition ofNationalFootprint Accounts 14 General Updates /14

Cropland Updates /14

Grazing Land/Livestock Updates /14

Fishing Grounds Updates /14

Forest Land Updates /15

Carbon Uptake Land Updates /15

Land Cover Updates /15


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Global Results from the National Footprint Accounts 1

Te Global Context /16

Human Development and the Ecological Footprint /19

Factors in Determining Biocapacity and Ecological Footprint /21

Population

Afuence: Consumption Per Person

Technology: Resource and Waste Intensity

Ecological Footprint o Income Groups /24

Ecological Footprint by Land Use ype and Income Group /25

World Maps /30

Regional Results from the National Footprint Accounts 7

Arica /38

Asia /46

Europe /54

Latin America and the Carribean /62

North America /70

Oceania /78

Account emplates and Guideboo What inormation is in the Guidebook? /86

Limitations of the Ecological Footprint Method 88

Limitations o Scope: What the Footprint Does Not Measure /88

Limitations o Current Methodology and Data: What the Footprint Does Not Measure Well /88

Potential Errors in Implementation /89

Interpreting the Footprint: What the Results Mean /89

Quality Assurance Procedures for Raw Data and Results 91

Country-Specifc Adaptations o the National Footprint Accounts /91

Missing Data /91

Individual Country Patches /91

Finland


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Norway

Standards and National Footprint Accounts Committees 92

Regular Review /92

Future Standardization Plans /92

Ecological Footprint Standards Committee /92National Footprint Accounts Review Committee /92

Research and Developments 9

Detailed Written Documentation /93

rade /93

Equivalence Factors /94

Nuclear Footprint /94

Carbon Footprint /94

Emissions rom Non-Fossil Fuels and Gas Flaring /94

Fisheries Yields /94

Constant Yield Calculations /95

Policy Linkages and Institutional Context /95

Research Collaborations 9

Freuently Ased Questions 98

Glossary 101

References 105

Sources for the National Footprint Accounts 108

Global Footprint Networ Partner Organiations 109

Acnowledgements


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List of AbbreviationsBC B CO

C x

CLC CORINE L CCOICOP C I C PCORINE C I EDG ENV D G E E C

EE-MRIO E Ex M-R I-O (/)EEA E E AEF E FEF

CE F

EFE

E F xEF

IE F

EFP

E F EQF Eq FEXIOPOL E A Fk U Ex D I-O

P AGAEZ G-A E ZGDP G D P

GFN G F NkGNI G N IGAP G A PjHANPP H A N P PHDR H D RHDI H D IxHS Hz S C CIEA I E AIFPRI I F P R IIO I-O A (/)IPCC I P C CISEAL I S E A LLCA L C AMFA M F A/ANAMEA N A Mx E ANFA N F ANPP N P POECD O E C DPIO P I-O PPR P P RSEEA S E E ASIC S I CSNA S N A

UN COMRADE U N UN FAO U N F A Oz YF Y


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Foreword

Rethinking Wealth in a Resource-ConstrainedWorld

Cme eg eve w y e he

21 ey. I we e be--, ek eegy d

me hge w mbe wh d hge, bdvey

, deeed fhee, e d ehwe e ee

gb y-demd h ee ee. Hmy edy veh, g me ee h Eh

eew. I ek eveyhg wd, m ed

dy wehy d he emegg eme e

e e, veh w ee dmy (Hebeg

2007). T w me he degd he Eh y

geee ee, g m geehe ge

d he we, d he key e eyem.

B hee e e be. Te gd ew h

eed w gb e. Whe he e me

debe me h he wh f my be meve

ddvge, he e e e. Ag ggevey w meme be w ewd he ee

wh we ee , gee eey he e y

h eb d bee g ke dvge

e eeed by dy hgg emy.

My ede e ed he me h

dvg by deme he emy, exee

h w y be dbe me e de. Uey, e

w, d he eqee g hge e

h e, d hmy whe, w be eed

he hege vg wh he m ee.

Ree g heee v he e-ee yy, e, y f g. Te wh ee

vg ee-ed wd w e bee h

he wh d . I ge gwg ee y, he

weh egy w be defed em wh h

eg e, d wh de . Peg h ew em

h w ke me, mkg ge beg qky

be. Sege w eed be mey e

bee mge d e eg eeve whe mmzg

edg demd eyem eve Eg

F. Smg d g ehg v

d eve h me we-beg wh dg ee

w y key e h e. Ce, eg, e h

e be vde hgh qy e w F

w be ddvge ee-ed e.

Wh gf hge, e h deed exevey

eg ee m bd w beme y vebe

y h d, d g geehe

g em d we d. A he me me, e

d e wh e eg eeve be he w

m eve ex ee w be meve

dvge. T hd e e d mme h

BedZed he UK d Md he UAE, whh ee

m Eg F, d e me key be be

m eve mve he we-beg he ede.

Te hege deme h h

vee h be eed, b he e

h demd bd he de e ee .

I e e em: Pey d we-beg w be be wh eevg e he b eg

ee d eve h emy, d e.

Te Role o Metrics

Wh wy mg he demd eg eve

he vbe y, ey y mke ge he he

veh, d em eged deg debe ve he

dby by. Ce me e eeded hge

hee deg debe d bed em .

T w ed dedg wh he e k e, d

e bdg e ve he eeded dde hem.Redg h eed me, he Eg F

w deveed ve 15 ye g. Se h me, h beme

egy me d b wy g hm demd

e. B ev ye mee. Wh gwg

eg he ve h me d d by me

gveme d bee, h beme e h deveme

he Eg F eed be gfy eeed.

I 2003, Gb F Newk w ebhed dde h

eed. I dd mvg he ef g d ey

he Eg F mehdgy, h e NGO

wk me be emy by mkg eg me de-mkg. Te g e hm we-beg

by edg veh, deeg ee eyem

hey em b, whe g vde hmy

wh ee eg eve. Gb F Newk de

h by dvg he Eg F b wh

me h 100 e gz h me he ewk.

I de eeh, deve mehdg dd, d

vde de mke wh exeve ee he

he hm emy ee wh he Eh eg m.

A he he h e e he N F A,

whh vde deed g eg ee demd

d y wh ve 1 m.Re he 2009 Ed he A e mmzed

h e, d me he m e exed.

Gb F Newk d e e

bg b he h be emy. A he key

kehdeeey , e gee, eg

d meeed egge, hey wh e eve-

eg k hey m he eg eme.


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6

Oe hg e: A beme e h f

, gd gvee w deed ee h

he Eg F mh deed G

Dme Pd (GDP) d he f .

I egy ee-ed wd, gveme

fdy eby kw hw mh eg y

h d hw mh g. Gb F Newk,

heee, wkg hve gveme ze

he Eg F me, d e d g d y de e wh f

d h GDP. Whe h e e ,

he g w be hevbe wh ve

by he be e, v ey d dem .

Teee, he Newk wkg wh hee ee we.

Use o the Footprint by National Governments

A e wkg wh gveme, Gb

F Newk ve he y bvey evew he

deyg d N F A y d

meee. T de dgee he ee h he Fe h y e vd d ebe, d ee

he eby d be he F mehdgy

. Te vefed e he be e by

he gveme wde vey e, dg :

Cee ehed dedg he y

Eg F d by. Sefy, h :

Idey ee d deedee;

Regze ee e (e.g. e).

Exe y e :

Pe ee d evegeexg e;

Bg he emy e wh gb m,

dg g w-b e;

Fhe v h m mve qy

e whe edg deedee eg y.

Levege de e :

Cee g de ex

by bee dedg wh h eg

eeve d wh de ;

Mmze d ze exe ee eed.

Cee bee eg g d mg

ge wd g d be em

deveme. I , gde veme

e h bh ee e ee,

d ee y d meze.

Pvde memey me GDP h he ed

ew wy ggg hm ge d deveme.

Seizing the Opportunity

A gm d dm. Te gd ew h wh Eg

F g, we w kw mehg we dd kw

beehe exe whh we e vedwg eg

, d hw we eed g ebe h bdge. T

m vde he eeve, ggeg h eve

wkg wh wh we hve w, we wh by

ee g-em we-beg ey. I dd, e-

fg eme d eg veme e

hve emed ybk. Sby de my me

b eyem, ee g-em evee em ee

ve, he wh he egh d mke hge w

ee e ee . I , we evee

ed, mve ee eey mee, ey

ede m d bee mge eg e

ee yed, he demd w ge exeed y. I we

ed veh, ee by def de.

T he mege Gb F Newk mmed

mg. Te Eg F mme he

hege ee-ed wd. A he me me, ve ee e d fge hemeve.

Seg eve ge h ee d gz

bh ded d ve h y ee. Wkg

gehe, ey e ee e-ee, whe

eg hm we-beg h bh ve d g.

Mh Wkege, PhD

Pede

Gb F Newk

Okd, Nvembe 2009


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Purpose of this ReportI ee ye, mh he d fe gb ee

h ed he dee -eewbe ee, h

eem. Hweve, egy evde h eewbe

ee, d he eyem eve hey vde, e ge

eve gee k (UNEP 2007, WRI 2007, UNDP 2008, UNEP

2007, Wd Bk 2000, Mem Eyem Aeme 2005).

Gb eme deed he bhee edy y heb eqeme e: d, eegy, fbe, we k, d he

e- eve. Ay dee hee eve y

ky e hm demd hem gwg, whh

eee he e whh e e qded. O h

e, he by emege. Sby

me de. I bed he eg h whe ee e

med e h hey e eewed, we emed e

h hey e bbed, he ee e deeed d evey

exhed, d we e ge eqeeed d veed bk

ee egh eve m he bhee.

Te em ee eewbe ee dmey

bem, b be exeve mbe, eeywhe he bem gb e. Whe hmy eg

demd em ee m d we b

exeed wh e y, h eg veh

he ey we-beg. J e

be weke eee, eg veh ede

he e , me me vehd.

Te debe ve hw mke he hm eee be

h eeed e he wdey ed Bdd Re m

he UN Wd Cmm Evme d Deveme

w eeed ve w dede g (UN 1987). Te Cmm

defed be deveme h whh mee he eed he ee wh mmg he by e gee

mee he w eed (UN 1987). T def egzed

h he g ewdg ve he e eqe h

eyem be be y y he ee d

we b eve eey ey h.

F be deveme g m e ,

eed beme ef d be. Te by e

gee mee he w eed be dey meed

bee we kw hw my ee hee w be e

gee, d wh he eed w be. B me he deyg

d h m be me h deveme beme ey be efed. I be e gee e

be dmhed, he m dme d h we

ede, b he e, he eg weh he bhee.

Wh he d evey ve h,

kg he heh eg e be

deveme. Regde whehe he g m exg

e, ee h he e m e meed

by he, we eed b (Dez d

Nemye 2007). Tee A m be be e bh

hm demd eg e, we he by hee

e mee h demd. We mke meg de

b whee we eed g bee we kw whee we d. J

gveme ey e g dme d (GDP)

behmk gge em eme,

w gveme gge he eg eme

(Sgz Re, 2009). Te N F A vdeh g, wg de m demd

d y eg e h dey whe m hve

bee geed. Te N F A ze gb

de mee he by d Eg F 240

e, ee, d eg m 1961 2006. Re he

N F A me h 800,000 d

h e ed zg me h 30 m e d

m dbe h UN FAOSA, UN Cmde, d

OECD Ie Eegy Agey. Te Ecological Footprint Atlas

2009vde d he mehdgy behd he

A, hede e m he N F A,

2009 Ed, d dd bkgd m heCmmee d Pe Ogz h hee A.

Te Ecological Footprint Atlas 2009mmze he Eg

F d by e m he N F

A, 2009 Ed (NFA 2009), whh e ded by Gb

F Newk beh Pe Newk, F

e, d he bde d e d me w g

mmy. Te A debe he eeh qe, b e,

he mehdgy zed Eg F Ay d

he N F A , d debe

Eg F Ay vey dm. F he eh

ede, he A de deed e egdg he e d de, ex ee dve ehe he ey, eby,

d e he N F A, d evew

he ev he N F A mehdgy.

Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity

Te Eg F mee he demd hm

vy he bhee. Me eey, mee he

m bgy dve d d we e eqed

de he ee dvd, , vy

me, d bb he we hey geee, gve evg

ehgy d ee mgeme e. T e he

be med wh bg y (by), he m dve e h vbe geee hee ee d

bb he we. I d we e vde me h e

hee eve y ed e, exggee he

m dve e y vbe. Ld d we e

ed dg bg dvy. T g mke

be me eyem wh deg bdvy d

dee e he wd he me , gb hee. A


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gb hee eee hee wh wd vege dvy.

Eg F d by g bed

x dme m (Wkege 2002):

1. Te mjy he ee ee ve

me d he we hey geee be ked.

2. M hee ee d we w be meed

em he bgy dve e eey

m hem. Ree d we w h bemeed em bgy dve e e exded

m he eme, edg yem deeme

he demd hee w e eyem.

3. By g eh e bdvy,

dee ye e be veed he mm

vege bdvy, he gb hee. T

ed exe bh F d by.

4. Bee gb hee demd eee e

h exde y he e ked by he F, d

gb hee y ge ye eee he me m

bdvy, hey be mmed. gehe, hey eee

he ggege demd Eg F. I he me wy,

eh hee dve e be ed dg

bdvy d he dded e by.

5. A bh e exeed gb hee, hm demd (

meed by Eg F ) be dey

med gb, eg, , by.

6. Ae demded exeed he e vbe. I demd

eyem exeed h eyem

egeeve y, he eg e e beg

dmhed. F exme, ee emy demd

ee m e fhee e h hey

be eewed, b he eqee e me k

h eyem. Whe he hm demd exeed

vbe by, h eeed veh.

Eg F Ay k he egeeve y

eyem em h w ee.

A w ed m e me , e,

he mbe e dwd gw gve e ve

e-ye ed. A k he dg be ee

y ef me, e, he e dwd

vbe hve hee e he ed gve

ye. Te N F A e w he hk, d h d ey whe veh w e he

dee med ee eyem.

Hmy g he egeeve y he Eh eh

yehe w eewhe he me me eg

he dg k ee h h bee bdg ve me

d mg we he evme. T e ede

by hve ee he me e he e d

ed eg veh d be eyem e.

History o the Ecological Footprint, Biocapacity,and the National Footprint Accounts

Te Eg F e w eed by Mh Wkege

d Wm Ree he Uvey Bh Cmb he

ey 1990 (Ree 1992, Wkege 1991, Wkege 1994,

Ree 1996, Wkege d Ree 1996). Redg he-

e debe dg yg y (e.g., Medw1972, Ehh 1982, ezz 1984, 1996, Bw d Ke 1994),

Eg F g w deged eee hm

m bg ee d gee we

em ed eyem e, whh d he be med

he bhee dve y gve ye. I g

y bdve e d ee eey exed d

we eey geeed, he mehd vded ed h

eme hm demd he bhee d he bhee

by mee he ef demd (Wkege e 1999).

Te F h bee ed wde vey wy. I

vde gb eeve he e exe egveh, we me zed eeve y d

eg ee e. Gb d hve bee

eed hede wdwde, d ve 100 e eg

hve eed he Eg F. I he Ued Se,

exme, Sm Cy, C F je me

Lghe U ed evey y he y j he

Cme Sve Ive he Ie C L

Evme Ive (ICLEI) (Redefg Pge 2002).

A he eve, by 2003 We hd ded he Eg

F hede d by. Te Sw

gveme h ed he F he

be deveme . J de he F

mee Evme P. Amg NGO,

WWF Ie, e he wd m e

ev gz, e he Eg F

mm d y wk dvg ev

d by. WWF eey ebhed ge

bgg hmy veh by 2050, d vey

g h g hgh Oe Pe gm.

Cy-eve F eme hve bee meed

my e, wh me e yzed me me

de dee mehd (Wkege d Ree 1996, Bke

e . 1998, Fke 1998, Sm e . 2000, v Ve dSmee 2000, Feg 2001, Hbe e . 2001, Leze d My

2001, 2003, MDd d Pe 2004, Med e . 2004,

Bg e . 2005, Medved 2006, Vee d beh 2007,

Wd Wde Fd Ne, Gb F Newk, d

Zg Sey Ld 2006). Se UN gee e

d bh d e d dve he ddz

h eg he wd, d hee d e m he b


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he N F A, y-eve

e me dey mbe h eme he e. F

e, y y-eve yemy dme

d, m, d ex. Teee, he Eg

F e eve he b he F ye .

Wh gwg mbe gveme gee, gz d

mme dg he Eg F e d

be ee e, d he mbe Eg F

e d he wd eg, dee he dg F de d ed gme

d dvegee he mehdgy. T wd ede he

by he F de e d mbe

e , d d geee .

Te ve he F by me deed

y he ef egy he mehdgy, b

e h mehdgy ye. I

deed e ye beg mmed me h

de d meee fdg. dde hee eed,

Gb F Newk ed e, mmee-bed

e gg ef evew he mehdgy, d he deveme dd gveg F .

Te N F A Revew Cmmee

mveme he ef b he N

F A. Te Eg F Sdd Cmmee,

med eeeve m Gb F Newk Pe

Ogz d eeeg dem, gveme, NGO,

d g fm, ed he Ecological Footprint Standards 2009

(Gb F Newk, 2009). Te Sdd bd he

Ecological Footprint Standards 2006d e deged ee h

F eme e ded ey d dg

mmy-ed be e. Tey m ee heme e ded d mmed wy h

e d e, by vdg dd d gdee

h e e e d, dev ve

, ebhme dy bde, d mm

fdg. Te Sdd e be F de,

dg b- , d, d gz.


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Calculation Methodology: NationalFootprint AccountsTe N F A k e e eg

eve d ee we he by vbe eh

y. A wh y ee , hey e , qve

de me, y gve ye he whh

d ex. Te deed mehdgy he m

ded A, e debed Calculation Methodology forthe National Footprint Accounts, 2009 Edition (Ewg e . 2009).

Te meme he N F A hgh

dbe-ed eme debed he Guidebook to

the National Footprint Accounts 2009(Kze e . 2009).

Te N F A m :

Pvde efy b d e

he demd ed by dee

he egeeve y he bhee;

Bd ebe d e mehd h

w e m

demd gb egeeve y;

Pde m m h e deveg

e d ege vg wh bhy m; d

Geee e de h be ed he b

b- Eg F ye, h

he ve, e, bee, d.

Te N F A, 2009 Ed e he

Eg F d by 240 e, ee,

d eg, m 1961 2006. O hee 240 e,

ee, d eg, 126 wee veed ey by he UN

yem d he e de. D he ee, ee, d eg e ded h e.

Ecological Footprint Assessment

Te N F A, 2009 Ed k hm demd

eg eve em x mj d e ye (d,

gzg d, e d, b F, fhg gd, d b-

d). Wh he exe b- d d e b

dxde ke, he Eg F eh mj d e ye

ed by mmg he b vey ef

d. B- d ee he bdvy mmed

by e d hydwe d e d b dxde

ke eee he we b wd vege hee e eeded bb hm ded b dxde em,

e hvg deed he e eqe y.

Te Eg F e he mbed demd

eg ee wheeve hey e ed d ee hem

he gb vege e eeded ef hm vy.

T qy exeed gb hee, defed

hee bdve e wh wd vege bdvy. By

exeg e mm , by d F

be dey med d e ye d e.

Demd ee d d we m e

ed gb hee by dvdg he m

ee med by he yed e hee, dvdg he

we emed by he bve y e hee. Yed e

ed bed v e , my he

m he Ued N Fd d Age Ogz

(FAO ReeSA S Dbe). Yed e myexve: I w e gw he me me he me

hee, e he hee ged e , d he

emde he he. T vd dbe g. T w

he me g meg he ze m: Eh hee y

ed e, eve hgh mgh vde me eve.

Te Eg F, m b m,

ed by he wg eq:

YEF

ANNUAL

=DANNUAL

whee D he demd d d Y he yed

he me d. Yed exeed gb hee. Te wy

gb hee e ed exed me de bew e

he v e ye e ded. B eee, gb hee

e emed wh he he w : he yed (h

me vege yed e hee wd vege yed

he me d egy) d he eqvee (whh e he

eve dvy mg he v d d e e ye).

Teee, he m he Eg F beme:

EQFYF

Y

PEF

N

=

whee P he m d hveed we emed (eq

DANNUAL

bve), YN he vege yed P, d YF

d EQF e he yed d eqvee , eevey,

he y d d e ye qe. Te yed

he - wd-vege yed. I ed he

vby be d d ve by y d ye.

Eqvee e he e ed demded

ef d e ye (e.g. wd vege d, gzg d, e.) wd vege bgy dve e: gb hee

d ve by d e ye d ye.

A demd med devve d (e.g.

wd ), veed my d eqve

(e.g. whe dwd) hgh he e ex e.

Tee qe my d eqve e he ed

Eg F. Te Eg F

embde he eegy eqed he mg e.


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Consumption, Production, and rade

Te N F A e he F

m mbe eeve. M mmy eed

he Eg F m , yy

j ed Eg F. Te Eg F

m gve y mee he by demded

by he f m he ede he y. T

de he hehd m we he eve

m, h h, d, fe bgde, e., whh eve

he hehd, b my be dey d by he hehd.

I , y my d Eg F

he m he F ee hveed d we

geeed wh he y gegh bde. T de

he e wh y eey g he

hve my d (d, gzg d, e d,

d fhg gd), he y e d hydwe

(b- d), d he e eeded bb e b

dxde em geeed wh he y (b F).

Te deee bewee he d d m F

de, hw by he wg eq:

EF =

CEF

PEF

I EF

E

whee EFC

he Eg F m, EFP

he Eg F d, d EFId EF

Ee he

F med d exed mmdy w, eevey.

I de mee he F m d ex, e eed

kw bh he m ded we he embded ee

(dg b dxde em) ege. Te embded

F meed he mbe gb hee eqed

mke e e ye gve d. Te F ey

y my d by def he me ywhee he

wd e exeed gb hee. Hweve, he embded

F edy d w deed m

eee (ex e), d hee vy bewee e.

Te N F A, 2009 Ed k he

embded Eg F ve 700 ege

ded , e, vek, d fh d. Te embded

b dxde em 625 ege d ed

wh de w m he Ued N COMRADE

dbe (UN Cmmdy de S Dbe 2007) e he embded b F ded gd.

Tgh he N F A, he embded

F de ed mg wd vege F

ee d. Ug wd-vege eee

ded gd veeme he F ex

e wh hghe-h-vege d eey. I ,

deeme h y F m. F

e wh bew-vege m eee edy

d, he e e: A deeme he embded

F ex yed exggeed F m.

B A

A by wh he m

bdve d vbe. Bdve ee d d we

h gf hyhe vy d m

bm, gg be e w, deed dvy.T y h e h he Sh Dee, A,

Ae m d e; he d my

wdeed be dey hvebe by hm. By

ggeged mee he m d vbe, weghed

by he dvy h d. I eee he by he

bhee de , vek (e), mbe d

(e), d fh, we ke b dxde e. I

de hw mh h egeeve y ed by

e (b- d). I h, mee he by

vbe ee d q e vde eg eve.

A y by y d e ye ed

EQFYFABC =

whee BC he by, A he e vbe gve d

e ye, d YF d EQF e he yed d eqvee ,

eevey, he y d e ye qe. Te yed

he - wd-vege yed. I ed he

vby be d d ve by y d ye.

Eqvee e he e ed demded

ef d e ye (e.g. wd vege d, gzg d, e.)

wd vege bgy dve e: gb hee

d ve by d e ye d ye.

Land Area types o the National FootprintAccounts

Te N F A de x m d e

ye: d, gzg d, fhg gd, e

mbe d ewd, e b dxde ke,

d b- d. F d e ye hee demd

he e, we y h e.

I 2006, he e bgy dve d d we Eh

w xmey 11.9 b hee. Wd by 11.9

b gb hee, e he mbe vege heeeq he mbe hee. B he eve e eh

d ye exeed gb hee de m he db


14/111

hee hw Fge 1.

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Global hectaresHectares

Area(millions)

Built-up Land

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

Figure 1. Relative area of land use types world-wide in global hectares and hectares, 2006

I 2006, he wd hd 3.7 b gb hee d

by med 1.6 b hee d e

(Fge 1). T deee de he evey hgh dvy

d med he d e ye. T g

e d yy e he m be d dve de, e hey hve bee bzed. T, d d me

bgy dve eve hm h he me hy e

he d e ye.

Cropland

Cd he m bdve he d e ye

d e ed de d d fbe

hm m, eed vek, , d bbe.

Wdwde 2006 hee wee 1.6 b hee deged

d (FAO ReeSA S Dbe 2007); he

N F A e he d F

dg he d qe 164 dee ege. Cd F d ke

he exe whh mg ehqe be

g e e g-em degd .

Grazing land

Gby 2006, hee wee 3.4 b hee d fed

gzg d. Gzg d ed e vek me, dy,

hde, d w d. Te gzg d F ed

by mg he m vek eed vbe y

wh he m eed eqed he vek ded

h ye, wh he emde eed demd med me

m gzg d. Se he yed gzg d eee he

m bve-gd my d vbe ye,

veh hyy be ve exeded ed

me h d e ye. F h e, y gzg

d F d ed by.

Forest or timber and uelwood

Te e F ed bed he m mbe,

, mbe d, d ewd med by y

yey b. FAO ReeSA e he e wd

e 3.9 b hee (FAO ReeSA S

Dbe 2007). Eme mbe dvy e deved m

he UNEC d FAO emee d Be Fe Ree

Aeme, he FAO Gb Fbe Sy Mde d he

Iegveme Pe Cme Chge (UNEC, 2000, FAO

2000, FAO 1998, IPCC 2006), d gve wd vege yed

1.81 m3 hvebe debk e hee e ye. Tee e

vde m ye, vege, mbeyed, d e eed d emy ebe e.

Fishing ground

Te fhg gd F ed g eme he

mxmm be h vey fh ee (Gd

1971). Tee be h eme e veed

eqve m my d bed he v ee

h eve. T eme mxmm hvebe my

d he dvded mg he e he e

he wd. Gby, hee wee 2.4 b hee e

he d 433 m hee d we e 2006 (Wd

Ree Ie d FAO ReeSA S Dbe2007). Te fhg gd F ed bed he

emed my d eqed he fh gh.

T my d eqeme (PPR) ed m

he vege h eve he ee qe. Fh h eed

hghe he d h ( hghe h eve) eqe me

my d d h e ed wh hghe

F m. Te N F A

de my d eqeme eme 1,439

dee me ee d me h 268 ehwe ee.

Built-up land

Te b- d F ed bed he e d

veed by hm e , hg, d

e, d eev hydwe. B- d ed

167 m hee d wdwde 2006, dg ee

mgg d eeh d e (FAO 2005 d IIASA Gb Ag-

Eg Ze 2000). B- d emby e wh

wd evy hve bee d. T m bed he

hey h hm eeme e geey ed hghy ee

e. F k d he ye d ded, hydee

dm e med d d wh gb vege dvy.

Forest or carbon dioxide uptake

Cb dxde em, my m bg e, e he

y we d ded he N F A. O

he demd de, he b F ed he m

e d eqed bb gve b em. I he

ge hmy e F me e

hgh, m b he ve F.

Te f e g he b F m he

mhe em b dxde m bg e,


15/111

3

d e hge (dee, exme), d em m

he e ege d egh. T

he m hge em b dxde

he gb mhee gve ye. Sed, e bg

he m b dxde bbed by he wd e eh

ye m he hge , he emg b dxde

ed he m bdve e h wd be

eeded e h ye. Se mbe hve ed eee

he ked b, g e d b ke d g mbe e-wd v e deed be my

exve ve (ee e e mbe d ewd).

Normalizing Bioproductive Areas FromHectares to Global Hectares

Eg F e e exeed ge meeme ,

he gb hee. heve h, Eg F g

e dee ye e dvy deee

mg d d we e ye. Eqvee d yed

e ed ve e dee d e ye (

hee) he gb hee eqve. Eqvee d yed

e ed bh F d by .

Yed deee dvy gve d

e ye bewee y d he gb vege h e ye.

A hee gzg d New Zed, exme, de

me g vege h wd vege gzg d hee.

Iveey, hee gzg d Jd de e. Hee,

he New Zed hee ey be g me

me d h he gb vege hee gzg d.

Tee deee e dve by , h e

qy, we by mgeme e. hee

deee, he yed me he d ef d

e ye y wd vege hee he me d eye. Eh y d eh ye h w e yed . F

exme, be 1 hw h New Zed gzg d vege

2.5 me dve wd vege gzg d. Te yed

b- d med be eq h d e b

e e yy b e he m dve d e.

2.6

World Average

Yield

0.9

3.0

0.00.8

0.7

1.0

0.0

Fishing

Grounds

0.6

2.1

1.41.5

1.0

1.9

0.5

Cropland

1.0 1.0

Forest

4.1

1.4

1.5

2.0

0.2

0.4

1.0

2.2

1.92.2

0.4

2.5

1.5

Grazing

Land

0.7

1.0

Japan

New Zealand

Hungary

Jordan

Germany

Algeria

Zambia

Table 1: Sme Yed F Seeed Ce, 2006.

Eqvee e ef d e ye (.e. wd

vege d, e, e, fhg gd) ve

bgy dve e, gb hee. I 2006,

exme, d hd eqvee 2.39 (be 2),

dg h wd-vege d dvy w me h

dbe he vege dvy d mbed. T me

ye, gzg d hd eqvee 0.51, hwg h

gzg d w, vege, h dve he wd-vege

bdve hee. Te eqvee b- d e eq h d. Eqvee e ed

evey ye, d e de evey y gve ye.

Marine

Built-up Land

Grazing Land

Inland Water

1.24

0.51

0.41

0.41

2.39

Forest

Area Type Equivalence Factor

[global hectares per hectare]

Primary Cropland 2.39

Table 2: Eqvee F, 2006.


16/111

Methodology Updates between the2008 and 2009 Edition of NationalFootprint Accounts

A m e e e mveme he

N F A (NFA) mehdgy. Cded by

Gb F Newk, h e ed by e

d by he N F A Cmmee, we he

kehde.

Tee hve bee w my mv ev he

mehd he N F A: d

hge he gz he e d, d ee

he efy d y he NFA . My he

hge he e egy g y ef

m deemg he F ee ded gd.

T e debe eh he mehd hge

memeed e he 2008 Ed he N F

A.

General UpdatesSe he eee he 2008 N F A, hee hve

bee b ev me he FAO de he NFA ey

. Te d f hve hged, d me e

he exeded HS de ed evy hve bee eed eey by

he FAO w yem mmdy f.

I my he de ed e he NFA Begm d

Lxembg e eed ggege m he me ee,

d e y eed eey e 2000. I ed, we hve

ed he 2000 ve he w e dg he hge

he mbed F d by xme me

ee eh 2000. I he 2009 Ed he NFA we hve he eed d d de m he w d whee

Begm d Lxembg e eed ggege, g he

he qe he m ee ye whee he w e eed

eey.

Cropland Updates

Te d d d de hve bee hged

mh hge he ege eed FAOSA.

Pevy, he FAO deSA dbe eed he m de

d d d hme. Fd d w eed eey m

he de, eeg he dd eve wkhee exy e he embded EF d d w. Se d d

qe e eed y ggege ege, he m

eh y dme d ed deeme he

ey d d ex.

A y ef hveed d eege h bee

ed, d ed he d eh y. Im e

med embdy he wd vege hveed eege, whe

he eege ex ed he weghed vege

he d d m.

Pevy, wd vege hveed eege w my ed

eh y m qy. T ed eh y

d F d eey eqg d

by hd, we mmh bewee d,

de qe d m.

Grazing Land/Livestock UpdatesTe bgge hge he gzg d d vek e he

mdf ex ee ee y dme

eed mx. Pevy, ded vek d wee med

embdy wd vege d d gzg d demd.

I he 2009 Ed he NFA, hee ee e mdfed

dg dme mx d ey eed eme

y ef F ey vek. Te ex

ey vek d vek d he ed

he weghed vege d d m ee.

Tee hve bee eve me hge:

Te vek whh eed demd ed h

bee exded, vdg me meheve e

eh y vek d eed ey.

Te ggege m ed deeme ede eed

vby e w exy ed m d

qe eh ggege egy e d.

T eme me e dbe-g.

A ve bewee we d dy wegh ed g

eed h bee emved e evew eed yed he

PdSA dbe ded h h ve eey.

I wh g h he emv he Ohe Wded Ldegy debed bew e he gzg d F by

edg my e gzg d F d.

Fishing Grounds Updates

Te FAO FhSA dbe de e de fh

mmde 1976. I ev ed, de fh

mmde 1976 w my med. I he 2009

Ed he NFA, we hve ed COMRADE d

exe hee de w bk he me ee.

Te fh ee deed he F

d h gw mewh, he mbe eed ee h gw, d eme vege

h eve hve bee eed me ee.

Te ex yed eh fh mmdy ed he

weghed vege dme h d m. Te h ey

eh mmdy w bed he eeve h eve

y h eve ee, he h gb

bed he h eve dvd ee. Te m


17/111

eeve h eve h bee eved ee he exe

e bewee fh h eve d F ee.

Forest Land Updates

Te e eme w efed

he 2009 Ed he N F A. Whee

be, eg he h gb vege wee ed

e whee ex NAI eme e kg. Te gb

vege NAI w ed m fge, he hbeg eed deedey. T h bgh gee ey

bewee e e by d F eme.

Carbon Uptake Land Updates

Tee hve bee w m djme he b

F : he CO2 ey me ee

em h bee efed, d he ded

mmde w mewh me meheve.

Wd vege he d eey CO2 ey

1991 h bee eed, g he hge ey

he dvd e h d hve h dvbe xy he hge gb ey.

ded gd whh e eed he h m

(e.g. mbe vme) e w ded he embded

b m d ex , e hee em

ded m y vded edy mee.

Land Cover Updates

F Ee e, he 2008 Ed he NFA ed

he CLC 2000 de e de v d ve.

I he 2009 Ed, CLC d 1990 h bee dded,

wh e eed bewee 1990 d 2000. F yede h ge, he hge e eed he FAO

d h bee ed e he CLC eed e.

Te eqvee h bee mved ghy.

I ev ed, he eqvee hed by

bewee 1991 d 1992, my de deee v

d ve e eed by he USSR d he eed by

me Sve e. dde h, he 1991 USSR e

hve bee ed mh he ggege e eed by

me Sve e 1992. Te ee hge eed

USSR e he ed he USSR 1991 eme ee

e me ee. I dd, he db GAEZby de he USSR w ed, bed he

db eed he me Sve e. T ed

gee e ey he eqvee .

Te d ve egy Ohe Wded Ld, evy

ded begy gzg d, h bee emved.

T egy ge eed y vbe FAO de,

d e me e e be dbe g

e edy eed he FAO d e ege.

Ove, dee he hge mehdgy, he 2008 d 2009

ed he N F A vde vey m

e. T be ee Fge 2, whh hw he exe gb

veh ed g he 2008 A d he 2009 A.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5 National Footprint Accounts 2009National Footprint Accounts 2008

EcologicalFootprint(innumberofofEart

hs)

2005200019951990198519801975197019651960

Figure 2. Comparison of global results 2006


18/111

6

Global Results from the NationalFootprint Accounts

Te Global Context

N ee weh d me m e evey

dbed wdwde. Sme e d eg hve e

demd he e gee h he eeve by, whe

he e e h he vbe y. Hmy whe,

hweve, vg wh he me he e. I 2006,

hmy Eg F wdwde w 17.1 b

gb hee (gh); wh wd 6.6 b ee,

he vege e F w 2.6 gb hee. B hee wee

y 11.9 b gh by vbe h ye, 1.8 gh

e e. T veh xmey 40 ee me h

2006 hmy ed he eqve 1.4 Eh

m (Fge 3). I k he Eh xmey ye d

mh egeee he ee ed by hmy h ye.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2006200019951990198519801975197019651961

Fi ure 3. Humanit s Ecolo ical Foot rint 1961-2006EcologicalFootprint(numberofEarths)

Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

World biocapacity

I 1961, he f ye whh N F A evbe, hmy F w b h wh he Eh

d yhmy w vg he e eg

ee, dwg dw . Hm demd f

exeeded he e by mee h demd d 1980,

d h e veh h hezed evey ye e.

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

BiocapacityEcological Footprint

GlobalHectares(millions)

Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

Figure 1. Total Ecological Footprint and biocapacity by land type, 2006

Fge 4 me Eg F d by by d e

ye he wd. F me he h b F,whee eg F exeed by he e def,

mde by deeg w eyem ee k, by

mg ee m eewhee. A eve, h e

e vbe e wh ewe f ee.

H he gb F w bbe 2006

j 10 e (Fge 5), wh he Ued Se

Ame d Ch e eh g 23 d 21

ee, eevey, he Eh by.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2006200019951990198519801975197019651961

Figure 5. Humanitys Ecological Footprint by country, 1961-2006

EcologicalFootprint(numberofEarths)

United States of America

China

India

Russia

Japan

Brazil

Germany

Mexico

France

United Kingdom

Other

World biocapacity

Fge 6 bew hw he 10 e em vbe by. Bz h he m by y

y, wed deeg de by Ued Se

Ame, Ch, R Fede, Cd, Id, A,

Ide, Age, d Bv. H he wd by

d wh he bde j egh e.

Figure 6. Top ten national biocapacities, 2006

Other (40.0%)

Brazil (14.1%)

USA (11.3%)

China (9.5%)

Russian Federation (7.6%)

Canada (4.7%)

India (3.6%)

Australia (3.0%)

Indonesia (2.5%)

Argentina (2.3%)

Bolivia (1.5%)


19/111

Built-up Lan

Fishing Gro

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

Built-up Lan

Carbon Footprint Fishing Gro

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

0

UnitedStates

Ireland

Kuwait

NewZealand

Denmark

Estonia

UnitedKingdom

Canada

Greece

Belgium

Spain

Switzerland

Finland

Israel

CzechRepublic

Slovakia

Italy

Austria

Netherlands

France

Latvia

Singapore

Russia

Kazakhstan

Portugal

Belarus

Norway

Japan

Germany

Poland

Slovenia

Botswana

Turkmenistan

Korea,

SouthFiji

Oman

SaudiArabia

Bosnia\Herzegovina

Paraguay

Croatia

Lithuania

Bulgaria

Mexico

Hungary

Panama

Libya

Mauritania

Chile

Argentina

Namibia

Turkey

SouthAfrica

CostaRica

Romania

Ukraine

Iran

Canada

Congo

Finland

NewZealand

Paraguay

Estonia

Namibia

CentralAfricanRep.

Latvia

Argentina

Russia

Mauritania

Norway

Denmark

UnitedStates

Kazakhstan

Botswana

Ireland

Chile

Peru

Colombia

PapuaNewGuinea

Lithuania

Panama

Turkmenistan

Belarus

Chad

Angola

Guinea-Bissau

Nicaragua

SolomonIslands

Madagascar

Austria

Guinea

Zambia

France

Sudan

Slovakia

Congo,

DRC

Bulgaria

Venezuela

CzechRepublic

Liberia

Hungary

Mali

OmanFiji

Slovenia

Ecuador

Romania

Ukraine

Cameroon

Honduras

Niger

Germany

Poland

gure 7. Ecological Footprint by Country, 2006

gure 8. Biocapacity by Country, 2006


20/111

Fge 7 hw he vege Eg F m e

e 2006 126 he 241 e veed he N

F A. O he 10 e wh he hghe Eg

F e e, y A, New Zed, E d

Cd hd me by h hey wee g. Fge 8 hw

he vege by vbe e e hee me e.

Whe hvg hgh vby by e-eqe

ge vege Eg F, he vee e. Bv,

exme, h he m by e e y y,

whe Eg F e e e h h he gb

vege.

Honduras

Sudan

Lebanon

Jordan

Algeria

Ecuador

Tunisia

Colombia

Mali

China

Peru

Chad

Moldova

Uzbekistan

SolomonIslands

Thailand

Guatemala

PapuaNewGuinea

Niger

Armenia

Syria

Nigeria

Ghana

Somalia

Guinea

CentralAfricanRep.

Korea,

North

Egypt

BurkinaFaso

DominicanRep.

Morocco

Iraq

Kyrgyzstan

Senegal

Madagascar

Zambia

Liberia

Cameroon

Gambia

Laos

Zimbabwe

Tanzania

VietNam

Benin

Guinea-Bissau

Yemen

Myanmar

Congo

Angola

SriLanka

Djibouti

Cambodia

Tajikistan

India

Eritrea

SierraLeone

Somalia

UnitedKingdom

Libya

Myanmar

Kyrgyzstan

Turkey

Laos

Senegal

UnitedArabEmirates

Greece

BurkinaFaso

Spain

SaudiArabia

Switzerland

Gambia

Portugal

Tunisia

Moldova

Ghana

Belgium

Guatemala

Cuba

Thailand

Netherlands

Italy

Albania

SierraLeone

Iran

Azerbaijan

Cambodia

Uzbekistan

Morocco

Nigeria

Syria

Tanzania

China

Djibouti

Algeria

Benin

Zimbabwe

Armenia

Yemen

Japan

DominicanRep.

Korea,North

VietNam

Kuwait

Tajikistan

Pakistan

Lebanon

India

SriLanka

Israel

Egypt

Korea,

South

Jordan


21/111

Human Development and the EcologicalFootprint

My w-me e hve bde ee,

ye he e e f d m gy whe

hmy demd he bhee exeed wh he bhee

eewby vde. Ce A, L Ame, d Sh

E A hve me he we e Eg F

he wd-- my e he w be ee m hee

Eg F m mee b eed d, hee,heh, d . F hee eg ede vey, hge,

d dee, he e ee m ee. Ye he

gwg d he e he wd eg ee

m e mkg h egy d mge

be me. I w-me e e mke dve

hm deveme h e, hey w eed fd he

h wk wh he Eh eg bdge.

Whe zg mdee je UN gee 2050, bed

w gwh d gh mveme ee de,

hm demd wd be we wh Eh d vde. Mvg

eegy yem wy m deedy e, eevgbdve e, d eg dve e wd g

g wy edg h demd, b eve m e e

e bg demd wh he bg y

he Eh. Teee, eyg gwg eve m

be we-beg e, eey gve he

eg gb . Whe ehg mveme

ey he eve he ed he evme, g

mee ee ed mveme he e de

eee gd g. We, he med eg deb m

dede eg veedg key deeg he

bhee egeeve y he me me we e eg

demd . Rezg he gh deve e, whh

he e deyg h b, eqe g

ew deveme hwy h e mh e he gb

evme h hve hy bee he e.

Te hege ehg hgh eve hm we-beg whe

eg g-em ee vby ed he gh

bew. Te Ued N Deveme Pgmme (UNDP) defe

hgh eve deveme HDI e 0.8 bve, whe

1.8 gb hee he vege dve e vbe ehe he e. Ce wh HDI e 0.8 hghe,

d F 1.8 gb hee e e we, mee w

mmm e gb be deveme: hgh eve

deveme d Eg F e e h d be

gby eed eve e h gb by. Ay e

h mee bh e e hw he we gh qd. Dee

gwg d be deveme ex y

g, e d mee bh mmm d.

Te we-beg hm ey ey ked he bg

whh deed. Ag he bg y

vbe , d ed by, ey he dey e dhege meeg hm deveme g. Te hm

we-beg de eg degd e me e gf

me dey, d d evee e he k ee h

bee gfy deeed. Sh-em mehd mve hm

ve h we f, b mede, d eey

h m be memeed by eeve g-em ee

mgeme de dde d evee hmy mve

eg degd.

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00

2

4

6

8

10

12

World average biocapacity per person in 2006

World average biocapacity per person in 1961(is must also include the needs of wild species)

UNDPthresho

ldfor

highhuman

de

ve

lopment

High human developmentwithin the Earths limits

2

4

6

8

10

12

EcologicalFootprint(globalhectaresperperson)

United Nations Human Development Index

Figure 9. Human Development Index and Ecological Footprint, 2006

African countries

Asian countries

Latin American and Caribbean countries

European countries

North American countries

Oceanian countries


22/111

Eg ee w y e he e e

ede vey, hge, d dee he e. Gb F

Newk Hm Deveme Ive m dde he

qe: Hw edg hm deveme be heved, gve

wd eg ee ?

I e exe he we h qe, Gb F

Newk be wh wde ge e e

hgh L Ame, A d Sh E A. I 2006

Gb F Newk d he Sw Agey Devemed Ce (SDC) bhed he A Eg F

A; dme exmg d hm we-beg d

eg heh 34 b-Sh A e. T dme

eved he b d wkh Seeg, Sh

A, d Key, whee d eg evme ede

gheed d he m ee

deveme A. A 2008 e A: Eg F

d We-beg w beqey bhed e he de

geeed he wkh, whe hghghg e dy exme

hw e hve heved dve hm deveme

wh he y eg m. I 2008, Gb F

Newk wked gehe wh Cmed Ie meme

evme-be g gmme 200 eme edy

h gde he Zmb. Reey, he 2006 A A

w eved beme he 2009 A F Fbk. T ew

ed ded eeve ee exe eh

he e eed.

I Id, Gb F Newk eed wh he Gee

Be Cee he Cede Id Idy (CII) d he

Wd Wde Fd Ne - Id (WWF-Id) bh Id

Eg F; A Be Peeve 2008. T e

exmed Id Eg F d by he ex

Id dy gwg d e. I hghghed bee ef de, gh Id eg

hege.

O he L Ame e, Gb F Newk h

b g eh wh he Cmmy Ade N

(CAN) beg dg he gwg gfe by

eve deveg e. T eh h yeded he

b w m dme; he He Eg y

Bdd e Cmdd Ad, whh ee he Eg

F d by d he CAN membe ,

Ed, Pe, Bv, d Cmb d Te Eg Pwe

N: Te Eh By ew mewk ee.

I he e, Gb F Newk Hm Deveme

Ive w e exe hw he Eg F

be ed mke be veme hm

deveme. By wkg de-by-de wh gveme, ,

d v, we w wk bee ded hw vde

ee hm we-beg whe eevg, d eve eehg,

he wd .

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

0

2

4

6

8

10

12



(This must also include the needs of wild species)

UNDPthresholdforhighhumandevelopment

High human development

within the Earths limits

2

4

6

8

10

12

EcologicalFootprint(globalhectares

perperson)



African countries

Asian countries

Latin American andCaribbean countries

European countries


Oceanian countries

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

0

2

4

6

8

10

12


World average biocapacity per person in 1961(This must also include the needs of wild species)

UNDP

thresholdforhighhumandevelopment


2

4

6

8

10

12

EcologicalFootprint(globalhectaresperperson)



African countries

Asian countries


European countries


Oceanian countries

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

0

2

4

6

8

10

12


World average biocapacity per person in 1961(This must also include the needs of wild species)

UNDPthresholdforhighhumandevelopment

High human development

within the Earths limits

2

4

6

8

10

12

EcologicalFootprint(globalhectaresp

erperson)



African countries

Asian countries


European countries


Oceanian countries

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00

2

4

6

8

10

12


World average biocapacity per person in 1961(is must also include the needs of wild species)

UNDPthresho

ldfor

hig

hhuman

deve

lopment


2

4

6

8

10

12

EcologicalF

ootprint(globalhectaresperperson)



African countries

Asian countries

Latin American and Caribbean countries

European countries


Oceanian countries

Figure 9a: Hm Deveme Idex d Eg F , 1980

Figure 9b: Hm Deveme Idex d Eg F , 1990

Figure 9c: Hm Deveme Idex d Eg F , 1980

Figure 9d: Hm Deveme Idex d Eg F , 2006


23/111

Factors in Determining Biocapacity andEcological Footprint

By deemed by w : e bgy

dve d we d he dvy h e,

meed by hw mh yed e hee. Se 1961, he

e d hveed de he m eve -- ee

-- h emed evey , whe he yed e hee

h me h dbed. I ee ye, hweve, he e d

de v h bee eg dy, d hmy zg egy ge e d ge ee

d eve ge -- evg e d dbed.

Ce d mgeme ee h bdve e d

deee de hge ee dg

bz, dee, e, , d deef.

Yed e be eed hgh ehgy, b v

eed be mged y vd hmg hm

eg heh. Mehzed ge eqme, geey

egeeed eed, g, eze, d ede ee

he yed bgy dve d. Hweve, my hee

ehg me he exee ge EgF de dd eegy d ee . Tee

ehge my deee by e ye by

eg , edg we vby, deeg

bg dvey, eg he degd dg e.

I 1971, P R. Ehh d Jh P. Hde eeed em

wk h demed he hge dvg e

hee vbe: P, Aee,

d ehgy (Ehh & Hde, 1971). T mde me

be kw he IPA mde (Evme Im = P

* Aee * ehgy), d em e mewk

exmg evme m. Ahgh hee e

key be mg he g , mde ee y y

ee ee d my em m gwh. Teee, emg vd h

ee dee, y mvg ehgy med.

Te dvg e behd hge he Eg F be

deved m he IPA mde, wh fve eg

he degee gb veh y eg def.

Eg F deemed by hee : P,

m e e, d ee d we ey.

Area x Bioproductivity =Biocapacity

(CAPACITY)

Gap between

supply and

demand:

OVERSHOOT

Resource and

waste intensity

=

Ecological

Footprint

(DEMAND)

PopulationConsumption

per person

x

Figure 10. Footprint and biocapacity factors that determine global overshoot

1.8 global hectares per person(2006 global biocapacity)

2.6 global hectares per person(2006 global Footprint)

x


24/111

Population

P, e he Eg F my

dvg , y deve e he eve hm

deveme wh y eg. Ahgh y

e he deemg he Eg F, he

exe gwh gb y dy

ge e hmy Eg F.

Whe degdg gwh, hm hve mde gfge by eg he wd vege eve hm deveme

m 0.60 0.72 bewee 1980 d 2006, wh eg he

wd vege Eg F e e. Hweve, ve h

ed he Eg F h eed by 47 ee.

P gwh e vy wdey me, geghy,

d e, d dedg hee deyg ed key

deemg he e evme demd. I w-

me e, hee h bee 112 ee ee

e 1980. I , mdde-me e

hve hd 52 ee ee dg h me

me ed; hgh-me e hve eed y 23

ee . Te ymd bew hw

e w, mdde, d hgh-me e.

Hy, ee hve eded ge m yg

wh w e exey (hezed by ymd wh

wde be d w ek) de wh hghe eexey (hezed by -hevy ymd), de

med d hge. I be exeed h he eg

wh yg dy w deg d gwh

d eqe mve ee he Eg F.

AgeGrou

p

1986

2006

2

026

High IncomeMiddle IncomeLow Income

Percent of Population

Figure 11: P ymd hwg e by me g, 1986, 2006, 2026


25/111

3

Afuence: Consumption Per Person

Gb ee, meed by he vege ve gd d

eve h eh e me, h e dmy ve he

ey: Oe exme h be ee G Dme Pd.

GDP e h eed by 400 ee e he eve he

F Wd W 1914. Eve he e eg he wd,

A, dvd m h me h dbed ve h e;

he e We, m h e me h x-d.

Aee by h mee h bee egey gh by ey

gveme he 60 ye, wh wde bdy ee mg

deeme he k bewee GDP e e d e hm

wee. Hweve, j wh he e fd evdee

h k, m GDP e e mee ee h

bee eg, wh he Feh ede mmg edg

em exe he e (Sgz e . 2009). A egy

bem ee GDP h eve whh egvey m

he by ee ed hy, fg ve by degdg

he evme e ed ve ee.

I 1990, he Ued N ded he f Hm Deveme

Re, wh he m g ee wee bk

d gb de mkg (UN HDR, 1990). Mhbb Hq,

he e de, debed he b e deveme

egg dvd he: e ehed by Amy Se

h bk, Deveme Feedm. Te Hm Deveme

Re h ded ew mee, he Hm Deveme

Idex (HDI), whh med mee hm deveme

e hgh hee me: me, heh, d ed.

Te Hm Deveme Idex e gwg bdy

d eeed me whe d wh he e

GDP eg. Te hege gb w

defe be d h eee ge wd ewg bed hm . I h e we e he HDI

eve mee beg ded he m de-

bewee he eey e weh e hm

we-beg d he eed bhee m .

Technology: Resource and Waste Intensity

Ove 200 ye g-- he begg he Id Rev--

Tm Mh we Pe P (Mh, 1798):

exg h e h ee d weh w

he by he evme . A

2009, my h ed hve ed, ge de

mveme ehgy: he by ex gee weh

m he me m ee. kg he e-eey

d demez v ee w vde mmeey

vbe m demke hgh he wd. I

heee meve k he N F A wh

d e he emy bdge he g m d e

g d me w g evme em.


26/111

Ecological Footprint o Income Groups

A gb y he Eg F vde

f k he db he hm demd

e. Hweve, bee ded hw he F

dbed wd-wde, m vde y

he demd geeed me g.

Ug he wg Wd Bk f -- whee hgh-

me e e defed hvg e e g me (GNI) $10,066 me; mdde-me e

e defed hvg e e GNI gg m $826

$10,065; d w-me e e defed hvg e

e GNI $825 e -- we g gh he eh

bewee me eve, hge , hge

m, d vbe by ve me (Wd Bk).

A he me me we ee hee ed Eg F

d gb eve, he e we beve wh he

hee me g hve qe dee ed wh he me

ee d. Hgh-me e hve bee hezed by

e ee he vege e-e Eg F,

m 3.5 gb hee 6.4 gb hee, wh evey

m ee . Te ge em gwh d

mveme qy e h hze hee e

e hw d ee y e e

Eg F. My e wh Nh Ame

d Wee Ee hve y m eege he gb

, ye hey hve me he gee ee,

d eqey, me he ge Eg F.

Te gh he gh hw hw d ee

e he Eg F d by ve

eh he w-, mdde-, d hgh-me g.

Whe hgh-me e e hezed by hgh e e

m d hgh Eg F e-e ve wh

evey m , w-me e e hezed

by m m d m Eg F e-e,

b wh ge gwh. Exmg he Eg F

d by by me g e vd ey

mg y ee demd wd vege

fge wh he ex gb by. F e,

he gb eve, Eg F e e ve

be deed evey hged ve me, whe

dbe m ey 3 b 1961 6.6 b 2006.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

2006200019951990198519801975197019651961

Ind

ex

(1961

=1.0

)

Population

Biocapacity

Footprint

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.02.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

2006200019951990198519801975197019651961

Index

(19

61

=

1.

0)

Population

Biocapacity

Footprint

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

2006200019951990198519801975197019651961

Index

(1961=

1.0

)

Population

Biocapacity

Footprint

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

2006200019951990198519801975197019651961

Index

(1961=1

.0)

Population

Biocapacity

Footprint

Figure 12:Wd, Lw-me, Mdde-me, d Hgh-me Idexed 1961

World

Low

-income

Middle-income

High-income


27/111

Ecological Footprint by Land Use ype andIncome Group

A , - E F F- E F. T E F , --

.

S A, , (IFPRI ),q x F. I -E F , k .

T x . L- F - F x E F. M- , F. H- F x 6, (G . forthcoming).

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

2006200019951990198519801975197019651961

Figure 13. World Ecological Footprint per person, 1961-2006

GlobalH

ectaresPerPerson

Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006200019951990198519801975197019651961

Figure 14. Composition of the World Ecological Footprint per person, 1961-2006

FractionofTotalEcologicalFootprint

Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2006200019951990198519801975197019651961

Figure 15b. Middle Income Countries Ecological Footprint per person, 1961-2006

GlobalHectaresPerPerson Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006200019951990198519801975197019651961

Fi ure 15e. Composition of Middle Income Coutnries Ecolo ical Footprint per person, 1961-2006

FractionofTotalEcologicalFootprin

t

Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

2006200019951990198519801975197019651961

Figure 15c. High Income Countries Ecological Footprint per person, 1961-2006


Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006200019951990198519801975197019651961

Figure 15f. Composition of High Income Countries Ecological Footprintper person, 1961-2006


t

Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2006200019951990198519801975197019651961

Figure 15a. Low Income Countries Ecological Footprint per person, 1961-2006


Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006200019951990198519801975197019651961

Figure 15d. Composition of Low Income Countries Ecological Footprint per person, 1961-2006


t

Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland


28/111

6

World Average

Yield

Fishing

GroundsCropland

1.0 1.0

Forest

1.0

Grazing

Land

1.0

Country/Region Population

[millions]

Ecological

Footprint of

Production

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Imports

[gha per person[

Ecological

Footprint of

Exports

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Consumption

[gha per person]

Biocapacity

[gha per person]

Net Exports

of Ecological

Footprint

[gha per person]

World

Low Income

Benin

Burkina Faso

Cambodia

Central African Rep.

Chad

Congo, DRC

Eritrea

Gambia

Ghana

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Haiti

Korea, NorthKyrgyzstan

Laos

Liberia

Madagascar

Mali

Mauritania

Myanmar

Niger

Nigeria

Pakistan

Papua New Guinea

Senegal

Sierra Leone

Solomon Islands

Somalia

Tajikistan

Tanzania

Uzbekistan

Viet Nam

Yemen

Zambia

Zimbabwe

6,592.9

1,276.9

8.8

14.4

14.2

4.3

10.5

60.6

4.7

1.7

23.0

9.2

1.6

9.4

23.75.3

5.8

3.6

19.2

12.0

3.0

48.4

13.7

144.7

160.9

6.2

12.1

5.7

0.5

8.4

6.6

39.5

27.0

86.2

21.7

11.7

13.2

2.59

0.89

0.98

1.38

0.89

1.45

1.76

0.71

0.71

0.88

1.40

1.44

1.12

0.36

1.361.00

1.06

1.02

1.11

1.77

2.68

1.02

1.62

1.03

0.64

2.24

1.07

0.72

4.40

1.44

0.69

0.96

1.84

0.82

0.67

1.13

1.06

-

0.24

0.17

0.05

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.06

0.25

0.45

0.06

0.06

0.12

0.060.57

0.03

0.14

0.14

0.21

0.52

0.02

0.09

0.60

0.21

0.14

0.37

0.06

0.09

0.10

0.25

0.15

0.07

0.51

0.52

0.28

0.23

-

0.11

0.14

0.07

0.01

0.04

0.03

0.00

0.00

0.05

0.25

0.04

0.20

0.00

0.020.29

0.04

0.01

0.09

0.12

0.14

0.07

0.03

0.02

0.10

0.68

0.19

0.01

2.76

0.02

0.07

0.09

0.18

0.40

0.20

0.23

0.26

2.59

1.03

1.01

1.36

0.90

1.44

1.76

0.74

0.77

1.08

1.60

1.47

1.00

0.48

1.401.28

1.04

1.15

1.17

1.85

3.10

0.97

1.68

1.61

0.75

1.71

1.25

0.77

1.73

1.52

0.87

1.03

1.73

1.01

0.98

1.17

1.04

1.81

0.99

0.78

1.34

0.95

8.41

3.38

2.66

1.74

1.19

1.12

2.94

3.35

0.24

0.561.51

1.39

2.59

3.17

2.53

6.29

1.55

1.92

0.90

0.37

3.74

1.37

0.99

3.20

1.60

0.49

0.87

0.92

0.55

0.67

2.86

0.74

-

-0.13

-0.03

0.02

-0.01

0.01

0.00

-0.03

-0.05

-0.20

-0.20

-0.03

0.14

-0.12

-0.05-0.28

0.02

-0.13

-0.06

-0.09

-0.38

0.05

-0.07

-0.58

-0.11

0.54

-0.18

-0.05

2.67

-0.08

-0.18

-0.06

0.11

-0.11

-0.31

-0.04

0.03

Table 3: Lw-me Eg F Pd, Im, Ex, d Cm, 2006


29/111

Table 4: Mdde-me Eg F Pd, Im, Ex, d Cm, 2006

World Average

Yield

Fishing

GroundsCropland

1.0 1.0

Forest

1.0

Grazing

Land

1.0


[millions]

Ecological

Footprint of

Production

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Imports

[gha per person[

Ecological

Footprint of

Exports

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Consumption

[gha per person]

Biocapacity

[gha per person]

Net Exports

of Ecological

Footprint

[gha per person]

6,592.9

4,281.1

3.2

33.4

16.6

39.1

3.0

8.4

9.7

9.4

3.9

1.9

7.7

18.2

16.51,328.5

45.6

3.7

4.4

4.6

11.3

0.8

9.6

13.2

74.2

0.8

13.0

7.0

1,151.8

70.3

28.5

5.7

15.3

2.3

4.1

6.0

3.4

105.3

3.8

30.9

2.0

5.53.3

6.0

27.6

38.1

21.5

143.2

48.3

19.2

World

Middle Income

Albania

Algeria

Angola

Argentina

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Belarus

Bolivia

Bosnia/Herzegovina

Botswana

Bulgaria

Cameroon

ChileChina

Colombia

Congo

Costa Rica

Croatia

Cuba

Djibouti

Dominican Rep.

Ecuador

Egypt

Fiji

Guatemala

Honduras

India

Iran

Iraq

Jordan

Kazakhstan

Latvia

Lebanon

Libya

Lithuania

Mexico

Moldova

Morocco

Namibia

NicaraguaPanama

Paraguay

Peru

Poland

Romania

Russia

South Africa

Sri Lanka

2.59

1.85

1.15

1.35

0.79

5.48

0.95

1.88

4.09

2.50

2.61

2.87

3.59

1.09

4.591.90

1.58

1.01

1.64

2.28

1.52

0.47

1.01

2.15

0.97

2.19

1.38

1.72

0.75

2.64

1.03

1.13

5.14

6.16

1.20

2.59

3.15

2.24

1.61

1.11

5.21

2.212.74

4.23

1.78

3.69

2.67

5.72

3.36

0.76

-

0.64

1.63

1.00

0.16

0.72

0.86

0.98

2.29

0.44

2.20

1.41

2.33

0.25

1.730.40

0.67

0.18

2.21

3.74

0.90

0.64

0.40

0.90

0.57

3.13

0.77

0.95

0.11

0.31

0.31

2.10

1.74

4.27

1.00

0.59

6.08

2.13

0.70

0.87

1.73

0.471.32

0.73

0.66

2.85

1.64

1.01

0.91

0.26

-

0.72

0.21

0.43

0.00

3.19

0.16

0.57

2.17

0.54

1.41

0.40

2.67

0.24

3.220.46

0.39

0.23

1.15

2.68

0.09

0.18

0.05

1.14

0.13

1.64

0.44

0.44

0.09

0.29

0.01

1.19

2.47

5.83

0.07

0.00

5.91

1.12

0.56

0.64

3.94

0.410.85

1.60

0.64

2.65

1.64

2.28

1.53

0.09

2.59

1.78

2.57

1.92

0.95

3.00

1.64

2.29

4.21

2.41

3.39

3.88

3.25

1.11

3.101.85

1.87

0.96

2.70

3.34

2.33

0.93

1.36

1.91

1.40

3.68

1.71

2.23

0.77

2.66

1.33

2.04

4.42

4.60

2.13

3.18

3.32

3.25

1.75

1.34

3.00

2.263.21

3.35

1.80

3.89

2.67

4.44

2.74

0.93

1.81

1.68

1.02

0.82

3.36

7.05

0.74

0.98

3.39

19.33

1.66

4.27

2.66

2.05

4.090.85

3.86

13.20

1.81

1.80

1.07

0.84

0.56

2.31

0.32

2.47

1.08

1.98

0.37

0.99

0.25

0.26

4.27

7.24

0.37

1.57

3.66

1.70

1.13

0.90

8.71

3.293.44

10.79

4.08

1.84

2.27

6.33

1.72

0.36

-

0.08

-1.42

-0.57

-0.16

2.47

-0.69

-0.41

-0.12

0.09

-0.79

-1.01

0.34

-0.01

1.490.05

-0.28

0.05

-1.06

-1.06

-0.81

-0.46

-0.35

0.24

-0.43

-1.48

-0.33

-0.51

-0.02

-0.02

-0.30

-0.91

0.73

1.56

-0.93

-0.59

-0.17

-1.01

-0.13

-0.23

2.21

-0.06-0.47

0.87

-0.02

-0.20

0.00

1.27

0.62

-0.17


30/111

Table 4: Mdde-me Eg F Pd, Im, Ex, d Cm, 2006 (ed)

World Average

Yield

Fishing

GroundsCropland

1.0 1.0

Forest

1.0

Grazing

Land

1.0


[millions]

Ecological

Footprint of

Production

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Imports

[gha per person[

Ecological

Footprint of

Exports

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Consumption

[gha per person]

Biocapacity

[gha per person]

Net Exports

of Ecological

Footprint

[gha per person]

Sudan

Syria

ThailandTunisia

Turkey

Turkmenistan

Ukraine

Venezuela

37.7

19.4

63.410.2

73.9

4.9

46.6

27.2

1.98

1.51

2.141.51

2.12

3.93

3.58

2.48

0.32

0.94

1.811.57

1.73

0.03

1.36

0.90

0.07

0.83

2.231.19

1.02

0.14

2.28

1.04

2.23

1.61

1.721.88

2.84

3.83

2.67

2.33

2.82

0.87

1.061.15

1.47

3.39

2.22

2.65

-0.25

-0.11

0.42-0.38

-0.71

0.11

0.92

0.14


31/111

Table 5: Hgh-me Eg F Pd, Im, Ex, d Cm, 2006

World Average

Yield

Fishing

GroundsCropland

1.0 1.0

Forest

1.0

Grazing

Land

1.0


[millions]

Ecological

Footprint of

Production

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Imports

[gha per person[

Ecological

Footprint of

Exports

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Consumption

[gha per person]

Biocapacity

[gha per person]

Net Exports

of Ecological

Footprint

[gha per person]

6,592.9

1,022.1

8.3

10.4

32.6

10.2

5.4

1.3

5.3

61.3

82.6

11.1

10.1

4.2

6.8

58.8

128.0

48.0

2.8

16.4

4.1

4.7

2.5

10.6

24.2

4.4

5.4

2.043.9

7.5

4.2

60.7

302.8

2.59

5.75

4.79

4.20

13.43

5.73

6.49

6.81

11.59

3.99

4.17

3.44

3.79

5.97

2.84

2.88

3.19

3.48

6.83

3.69

12.49

10.99

4.18

2.78

4.71

2.75

3.92

3.413.73

2.64

7.64

3.54

8.37

-

4.94

9.92

22.95

6.36

6.50

12.07

7.70

10.15

5.32

6.26

4.34

3.62

8.54

4.27

5.40

3.19

4.43

1.20

16.09

4.17

11.00

3.65

5.10

3.13

15.42

7.96

9.995.53

7.10

3.37

4.99

3.21

-

4.68

9.82

21.45

14.04

6.90

11.37

8.09

16.23

4.71

6.40

2.03

4.19

6.32

1.73

3.34

2.26

4.17

0.13

15.18

9.08

17.78

4.29

3.51

4.36

13.66

6.93

9.523.64

4.15

0.71

2.42

2.57

2.59

6.06

4.89

5.70

5.76

5.32

7.19

6.42

5.51

4.60

4.03

5.76

3.23

8.19

5.38

4.94

4.11

3.73

7.90

4.60

7.58

4.20

3.54

4.37

3.48

4.51

4.94

3.895.63

5.59

10.29

6.12

9.02

1.81

3.35

2.99

1.09

17.08

2.64

5.19

8.99

12.99

2.83

1.86

1.36

2.58

4.26

0.33

1.03

0.62

0.29

0.52

1.05

12.04

6.11

2.53

1.18

1.30

0.04

2.68

2.361.32

1.28

1.36

1.58

4.43

-

-0.26

-0.09

-1.50

7.67

0.40

-0.70

0.40

6.08

-0.61

0.13

-2.32

0.56

-2.22

-2.54

-2.06

-0.93

-0.25

-1.07

-0.91

4.91

6.78

0.64

-1.59

1.23

-1.76

-1.03

-0.47-1.90

-2.95

-2.65

-2.57

-0.64

World

High Income

Austria

Belgium

Canada

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Israel

Italy

Japan

Korea, South

Kuwait

Netherlands

New Zealand

Norway

Oman

Portugal

Saudi Arabia

Singapore

Slovakia

SloveniaSpain

Switzerland

United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom

United States


32/111

3

World Maps

Map 1. Bg y e e, 1961 d 2006.


33/111

3

Map 2. Eg F m e e, 1961 d 2006.


34/111

3

Map 3. Eg F d e e, 1961 d 2006.


35/111

33

Map 4. Eg ed d deb e, 1961 d 2006. Te eg ed d deb m bve me he EgF m wh dme by.


36/111

3

Map 5. Gb eg ed d deb e, 1961 d 2006. Te gb eg ed d deb m bve me heEg F m wh eh y bde wh gby vbe by.


37/111

3

Map 6. Eg emde d veh e, 1961 d 2006. Te eg emde d veh m bve me heEg F d d by wh eh y bde. Uke he eg ed d deb m, d

[by def] m e de.


38/111

36

Map 7. Ne mg d exg e, 1961 d 2006. Te e de w m bve defe he e mg e (ed)d e exg e (gee). Ne mg e m me by h hey ex d hve Eg F

m gee h he Eg F d. Te e e e exg e.


39/111

3

Regional Results from the NationalFootprint Accounts

Reg d e de gey bh he demd by, d he by hey hve vbe wh he

bde. My e e me by h e vbe

wh he bde. T me m m ee,

b yy gee exe hgh e he gb mm

dmg gd b dxde em. F e, he

e ed ex, efg d d we

evey m med he bdve e eeded bb

he we d m bg hee e. Te e e e

he b me he Eg F.

I eveye he wd ved ke vege ede he Ued

Se he Ued Ab Eme, he by me h 4.5Eh wd be eqed hmy m e.

I ed he wd wee ve ke he vege Sh Ke, y

1.8 e wd be eeded. Ad he wd ved ke he vege

e Id dd 2006, hmy wd be g e

h h he e by. Fge 16 hw bh e eF d ze x eg he wd 1961 d

2005 d Fge 17 hw he me eg by--eg

e exeed Ued N defed eg. Whe A hd

w vege e e F 2006, hed me h h

he wd d h hd he ge F

eg. Te eg F w m we

by h ye. Te e w e he L Ame

d he Cbe eg, whe by w xmey we

he ze F. I dd he A eg, he Nh

Ame, d Ee eg wee eg deb, wh

F exeedg he by. T me hee eg wee

eyg he by he he e he wd, dd he w, v ee d we m.

0

2

4

6

8

10

Eco

logical

Footprin

t(globa

lhectaresperperson

)

Nort

hAmerica340million

Oceania

Europe730million

Latin

America560million

Asia

Africa

3,980 million940million

0

3

6

9

12

15

Biocapacity(globalhectaresperperson)

3,980 million940million

340million

560million

730million

Oceania

NorthAmerica

LatinAmerica

Europe Africa Asia

Figure 16: Eg F by eg, 2006 Figure 17: By by eg, 2006


40/111

3

AFRICA

A me 2,960 m hee d, 1,820 m

whh e ed bdve e he N

F A. O h bdve d e, 631 m

hee e eed, 245 m e d, 911 m e

gd, whe e e 30 m hee

he e. Bdeg he Medee Se, A

Oe, d Id Oe, A h 115 m hee

e he e d 67 m hee d we.

kg deee bewee vege A yed d

edg gb yed d, gzg d, e, d

fhee, A by 1,420 m gh. T gve

A vege by 0.46 gh e hee bdve

d d we, whee he wd vege by def 1 gh e

h. Te by vbe e e ve wdey mg A

e. Egy h he we by eve

0.32 gh e e. A he he ed he ge, Reb Cg h 13.2 gh by vbe e e. Reb

Cg h he hghe by y A

y, g 11 ee he e ve by.

A vege e e Eg F m

1.4 gh, by we h he gb vege F

2.6 gh e e. Hweve, hee e b deeebewee e. Mw h e e Eg F

m j 0.6 gh e e, he we

he wd. Bw h he hghe Eg F

m mg A e, 3.9 gh e e.

M e A hve F d

we h he by, dg h he dme

hve d em qe e wh he bd wh

he eg ee vde. Hweve, h e

A e. Egy hw he gee eege

eg veh, wh F d j

ve hee me gee h by. Sh A exhbhe gee veh, wh F d 79

m gh gee h by. A ve F

d 31 ee e h vbe by.

ea

0

300

600

900

1200

1500

BiocapacityFootprint

Glob

alHectares(millions)

Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

. ,

ea

ea

Figure 18:A Eg F d by byd e ye, 2006


41/111

3

Cb dxde em 53 ee he gb

Eg F. I he e A, b dxde em

20 ee d 25 ee he Eg F

d, d m, eevey. T de h

e em vy, we f demd, e evey

me deede de b h e eegy,

med he e he wd. F bh d d

m, Sm h he wd we b F

Eg F, g j 0.004 ee he bh d d m F.

A whe e me by, hgh eve

A e d ex me eg gd h hey

m. A e m m he e he wd hve

embded by eq 12 ee A F

m, 11 ee e by.

Te Eg F he vege A ede ded

by 22 ee bewee 1961 d 2006. Hweve, he me

me A gew by 278 ee, dvg

ge ee eg demd ve h ed.

Te vege A F m med he e

he wd. F my ede e A, he me

m eeeed by he Eg F m

mee b d, hee, heh, d eed. I de

mke v qy e mveme, ge egme

A m hve gee e ee.

Ye A gwg d he wd eg

ee m e mkg h egy d.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2006200019951990198519801975197019651961

,

GlobalHectaresPerPerson

Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

0

1

2

3

4

5

2006200019951990198519801975197019651961

GlobalHectaresPerPerson

Built-up Land

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

AgeGroup

1986

2006

2026

Percent of PopulationFigure 20:A ymd hwg e,1986, 2006, 2026

Figure 19:A Eg F e e Figure 21:A by e e


42/111

Table 6:A e e F d, m, ex, d m

World Average

Yield

Fishing

GroundsCropland

1.0 1.0

Forest

1.0

Grazing

Land

1.0


[millions]

Ecological

Footprint of

Production

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Imports

[gha per person[

Ecological

Footprint of

Exports

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Consumption

[gha per person]

Biocapacity

[gha per person]

Net Exports

of Ecological

Footprint

[gha per person]

World

Africa

Algeria

Angola

Benin

Botswana

Burkina Faso

Cameroon


Congo

Chad

Djibouti

Egypt

Congo, DRC

EritreaGambia

Ghana

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Libya

Liberia

Morocco

Madagascar

Namibia

Mali

Mauritania

Niger

Nigeria

South Africa

Sudan

Senegal

Tunisia

Sierra Leone

Somalia

Tanzania

Zambia

Zimbabwe

6,592.9

942.5

33.4

16.6

8.8

1.9

14.4

18.2

4.3

3.7

10.5

0.8

74.2

60.6

4.71.7

23.0

9.2

1.6

6.0

3.6

30.9

19.2

2.0

12.0

3.0

13.7

144.7

48.3

37.7

12.1

10.2

5.7

8.4

39.5

11.7

13.2

2.59

1.25

1.35

0.79

0.98

2.87

1.38

1.09

1.45

1.01

1.76

0.47

0.97

0.71

0.710.88

1.40

1.44

1.12

2.59

1.02

1.11

1.11

5.21

1.77

2.68

1.62

1.03

3.36

1.98

1.07

1.51

0.72

1.44

0.96

1.13

1.06

-

0.4

1.00

0.16

0.17

1.41

0.05

0.25

0.03

0.18

0.03

0.64

0.57

0.03

0.060.25

0.45

0.06

0.06

0.59

0.14

0.87

0.14

1.73

0.21

0.52

0.09

0.60

0.91

0.32

0.37

1.57

0.06

0.10

0.15

0.28

0.23

-

0.24

0.43

0.00

0.14

0.40

0.07

0.24

0.04

0.23

0.03

0.18

0.13

0.00

0.000.05

0.25

0.04

0.20

0.00

0.01

0.64

0.09

3.94

0.12

0.14

0.03

0.02

1.53

0.07

0.19

1.19

0.01

0.02

0.09

0.23

0.26

2.59

1.42

1.92

0.95

1.01

3.88

1.36

1.11

1.44

0.96

1.76

0.93

1.40

0.74

0.771.08

1.60

1.47

1.00

3.18

1.15

1.34

1.17

3.00

1.85

3.10

1.68

1.61

2.74

2.23

1.25

1.88

0.77

1.52

1.03

1.17

1.04

1.81

1.51

0.82

3.36

0.78

4.27

1.34

2.05

8.41

13.20

3.38

0.84

0.32

2.66

1.741.19

1.12

2.94

3.35

1.57

2.59

0.90

3.17

8.71

2.53

6.29

1.92

0.90

1.72

2.82

1.37

1.15

0.99

1.60

0.87

2.86

0.74

-

-0.16

-0.57

-0.16

-0.03

-1.01

0.02

-0.01

0.01

0.05

0.00

-0.46

-0.43

-0.03

-0.05-0.20

-0.20

-0.03

0.14

-0.59

-0.13

-0.23

-0.06

2.21

-0.09

-0.38

-0.07

-0.58

0.62

-0.25

-0.18

-0.38

-0.05

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

0.03


43/111

Table 7:A e e F by d e ye

World Average

Yield

Fishing

GroundsCropland

1.0 1.0

Forest

1.0

Grazing

Land

1.0

Country/Region

Total Ecological

Footprint

[gha per person]

Cropland

[gha per person]

Grazing Land

[gha per person[

Forest Land

[gha per person]

Fishing Grounds

[gha per person]

Carbon Footprint

[gha per person]

Built-up Land

[gha per person]

World

Africa

Algeria

Angola

Benin

Botswana

Burkina Faso

Cameroon


Congo

Chad

Djibouti

Egypt

Congo, DRC

EritreaGambia

Ghana

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Libya

Liberia

Morocco

Madagascar

Namibia

Mali

Mauritania

Niger

Nigeria

South Africa

Sudan

Senegal

Tunisia

Sierra Leone

Somalia

Tanzania

Zambia

Zimbabwe

2.59

1.42

1.92

0.95

1.01

3.88

1.36

1.11

1.44

0.96

1.76

0.93

1.40

0.74

0.771.08

1.60

1.47

1.00

3.18

1.15

1.34

1.17

3.00

1.85

3.10

1.68

1.61

2.74

2.23

1.25

1.88

0.77

1.52

1.03

1.17

1.04

0.57

0.48

0.76

0.34

0.50

0.23

0.67

0.54

0.68

0.30

0.61

0.37

0.41

0.16

0.190.50

0.42

0.46

0.39

0.81

0.30

0.70

0.30

0.71

0.62

0.38

1.13

0.63

0.78

0.70

0.47

0.82

0.20

0.20

0.31

0.44

0.25

0.22

0.20

0.14

0.19

0.05

1.78

0.22

0.13

0.38

0.03

0.77

0.28

0.02

0.01

0.270.14

0.05

0.35

0.34

0.18

0.02

0.15

0.43

1.39

0.83

2.02

0.19

0.06

0.21

0.99

0.24

0.10

0.04

0.76

0.31

0.15

0.36

0.28

0.29

0.13

0.13

0.30

0.19

0.37

0.24

0.29

0.41

0.29

0.05

0.13

0.49

0.200.19

0.57

0.52

0.16

0.10

0.70

0.06

0.26

0.00

0.18

0.21

0.27

0.21

0.30

0.22

0.22

0.21

0.37

0.49

0.25

0.36

0.28

0.10

0.04

0.03

0.09

0.03

0.01

0.01

0.04

0.00

0.08

0.00

0.04

0.06

0.01

0.040.08

0.16

0.03

0.00

0.10

0.03

0.06

0.04

0.04

0.01

0.00

0.00

0.04

0.10

0.00

0.09

0.12

0.08

0.00

0.00

0.01

0.00

1.37

0.35

0.81

0.14

0.10

1.60

0.02

0.09

0.02

0.09

0.01

0.17

0.69

0.01

0.030.12

0.35

0.04

0.05

1.95

0.06

0.32

0.08

0.80

0