The Civil Rights The Civil Rights MovementMovement
People of the MovementEvents of the MovementGroups of the MovementLegislation of the Movement
People of the MovementPeople of the Movement
*Head of SCLC
*Organized bus boycott
*Involved in Selma marches
*Believed in nonviolent protest
*Received Nobel Peace Prize in 1964
*Assassinated in 1968
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Georgia governor (1967-1971)Believed in segregation
Fought federal civil rights efforts
Encouraged people to have children enroll in private school rather than integrate
Ended up appointing more blacks than other governors
Lester Maddox
Georgia governor who won in special election after 3 governors controversy
Most of his legacy in education
Herman Talmadge
Mentor and teacher to MLK
President of Morehouse College
Believed in nonviolence, went to India and met Ghandi
Benjamin Mays
Head NAACP lawyer with key victories
NAACP lawyer in Brown case
First black justice of Supreme Court
Thurgood Marshall
First two blacks admitted to the University of GA
GA Governor Vandiver supported the decision of them entering, although he ran being against integration
Both went on to successful careers: Holmes became a doctor and Hunter a journalist
Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes
1st black mayor of major Southern city
1st black mayor of Atlantain 1973
Maynard Jackson
-Served in U.S. Congress-Ambassador to the United Nations-Elected mayor of Atlanta 1982-Helped Atlanta win bid for 1996 OlympicsAndrew Young
Events of the MovementEvents of the Movement
Began when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus
Led by MLK Jr.
Boycotted bus system for over a yearMontgomery Bus Boycott
-Began when elected Gov. Eugene Talmadge died before taking office
-Supreme Ct. ruled newly elected Lt. Gov. Thompson was governor, but special election would be held
-Herman Talmadge then elected (who legislature wanted as gov.)
Three Governors Controversy
-Led by Dr. William Anderson
-Massive boycotts and sit-ins at major department stores and restaurants
-Not much media attention, movement collapses
Albany Movement
-High point of intensive voter registration project
-Also called Mississippi Summer Project-sent 1000 volunteers to register and teach civics to blacks
-June 1964, mainly because Mississippi had almost NO black voters
Freedom Summer
-The Selma to Montgomery marches were three marches in 1965
-Wanted voting right movement in Selma -Many prominent leaders including Martin Luther King, Jr.
Selma Marches
-Largest political protest rally
-Goal to convince President to sign Civil Rights Bill
-More than 200,000 people
-MLK Jr. gave “I have a dream” speech
March on Washington
Groups of MovementGroups of Movement
Goal was to organize students on campuses
One of most active groups in movement
Involved in nearly every major peaceful campaign
SNCC
Formed in Georgia
Goal to discover how people felt about integration
Found people would rather close schools than integrate
Sibley Commission
Congress of Racial Equality
Formed in 1940’s to help end segregation in the North
Worked with other groups like the SNCC, SCLC, and NAACP towards nonviolent protest
CORE
Formed by W.E.B. DuBois and several white northerners
Goal to achieve legal victories for blacks
Greatest victory Brown decision
NAACP
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Founded in 1957 by MLK
Leaders preached love and nonviolence
Important role in many campaigns 1957 to 1965
SCLC
Legislation of the Legislation of the MovementMovement
Supreme Court decision that desegregated public school in 1954
NAACP chief lawyer Thurgood Marshall argued the case
Unanimous ruling from Warren Court
Brown v. Board of Education
1956 new GA flag approved
After Brown decision, some saw it as protest of desegregation
Others said it reflected heritage
Changed in 2001 and then again in 2003
Georgia 1956 flag
Signed by Lyndon Johnson…tougher bill than JFK proposed
Outlawed discrimination and segregation based on race, nationality, and gender
Civil Rights Act 1964
Response to Selma marches
Designed to safeguard blacks right to vote
Outlawed literacy tests (poll taxes outlawed in 24th amendment in 1964)Voting Rights Act of 1965
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