The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
Maritime Domain Awareness
Approach – Dual Use Technologies Demonstrate Nested Vessel Detection Global > Approaches > Port
University of Miami – Global Satellite Coverage, Visible & Microwave
Rutgers University – Over-the-Horizon Compact High Frequency Radar Networks
Stevens Institute of Technology – Local High-Resolution Optics & Shallow Underwater Acoustics
DHS Center of Excellence for Port Security12 Institutions – Maritime Domain Awareness & Resiliency
2The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR) 2
CODAR Network Glider FleetL-Band & X-Band Satellite Receivers
3-D Nowcasts& Forecasts
Rutgers University - Coastal Ocean Observation LabOperations, Data Fusion & Training Center
3The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR) 3
Computer and Monitor TransmitterReceiver
Components of a High Frequency (HF) RADAR system
monopole (A3)
radial whips
loop box(A1 & A2)
receive antenna
loop 1 (A1) loop 2 (A2)
loop box
Transmit Antenna
Receive Antenna
electronics
Frequency Dependent Range, Resolution & Vessel Size
B)
D) E)
C)
F) G) H) I) J)
A) CODAR HF RadarNetwork1998-2009
4The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
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Technology Development Road Map of HF Radar for SAR and Vessel Detection
1999
2003
2004
2005
2007
2009
2011
Initial test install off Atlantic City,
NJ
Permanent Install
Bistatic Buoy Installed off Atlantic City, NJ
Small Boat Program
System Relocated to NY Harbor for NSF
CoOP Program
Coordinated field exercise for DHS
COE
HF Radar become operational with US Coast Guard
First system installed at Sandy
Hook, NJ
SuperDirective system installed at Sandy Hook, NJ
DHS bistaic buoy deployed near
Ambrose
DHS COE begins
Second shore station added as
part of Navy LEAP program
Bisatatic transmitter installed at SeaSide,
NJ for testing
Bistatic transmitter integrated with OPT
PowerBuoy
First long range system installed
CODAR patents GPS timing for
frequency sharing
Ship detection program partnering
with AMI
Bistatic spar buoy deployed 100 nmi
off Atlantic City, NJ
CODAR develops enhanced blanking waveform for ship
detection
Test Study of CODAR data into
SAROPS
NWRA applies SIFTER algorithm to CODAR data, SRI develops tracker for SIFTER
output
Mid Atlantic HF Radar Network becomes
operational with US Coast Guard
National HF Radar Network become
operational with US Coast Guard
Long Range
Medium Range
Short Range
5The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
6The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
U.S. Coast Guard: Search And Rescue Optimal Planning System
National HF Radar Network – 151 Sites Mid-Atlantic Operational Data Flow to SAROPS
7The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
IOOS Mid-Atlantic Bight: High Frequency Radar (HFR) Coverage
Annual Coverage Changes:2008 to 2009 – Increase due to a focus on resiliency2009 to 2010 – Decrease due to a lack of spares
USCG Coverage Target:80% Spatial Coverage
80% of the Time
2008 OI% Coverage12 LR HFRs
2009 OI% Coverage13 LR HFRs
Staffing Requirements:MAB HFR Network = 14 LR HFRs + 14 SR HFRs.National HFR Plan Recommends 8 Technicians.IOOS Currently Supports 3 Technicians.
2010 OI% Coverage14 LR HFRs
2008 2010
2009
8The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
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HFR Current Mapping Product Development Road Map for Search and Rescue
2004
2007
2008
2013
2015
First Standard Range Codar
deployed on East Coast near
Atlantic City, NJ
Hurricane Floyd Simulation Predicts
Factor of 4 Reduction in Search Area Using Field of Currents vs. Point Measurement
Standard Range Network Proves to be Useful in Coast Guard Research and Development Pilot
Study
Long Range Network Shown to be
Effective in Second Coast Guard SAROPS tool
MARCOOS Establishes First
Regional High Frequency Radar
Network
Optimal Interpolation Combination Method
Effective in Filling Spatial Gaps in Mid
Atlantic Tests
Mid Atlantic HF Radar Network
Operational with US Coast Guard
National HF Radar Network Operational with US Coast Guard
Radial and Total Sensitivity Study
Undertaken to Provide Best Data to
Environmental Data Server
“A Plan to Meet the Nations Surface Current Mapping
Needs” Implemented
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20151998 1999 2000 2001
9
IOOS Coordinated Rapid Response: Deepwater Horizon Oil SpillContributed Assets:
HF Radar Networks USF, USMGliders iRobot, Mote, Rutgers, SIO/WHOI, UDel, USFDrifters & Profilers Horizon Marine, NavySatellite Imagery CSTARS, UDelOcean Forecasts Navy, NCSUData/Web Services ASA, Rutgers, SIO
Tropical Storm Bonnie crosses the Gulf of Mexico
USM HFR
USF HFR
TS Bonnie
USM HFR validation of SABGOM Forecast in region with satellite detected oil slicks
HFR used for Oil Slick Forecasts by NOAA/NOS/OR&R
9The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
Vessel Detection & Tracking Radar Systems
Satellite Microwave Radars Skywave HF Radars
Over-the-Horizon Surface Wave HF Radars
Line-of-Sight Microwave Radars
11
The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR) 11
Loop 2
Loop 1
Bragg Waves
Signal present in Loop 2 and Monopole. Signal originated in direction of Stevens anchor site.
HF Radar Geometry & Doppler Spectra from Range Cell 8
Loop 1
Loop 2
Monopole
12
The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
Doppler Spectra from all Range Cells with Detection Threshold Applied
Doppler Frequency
Range
Bragg WavesBragg Waves
Fixed Objects & Direct Signals
Vessel Vessel
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
DOLPHINMedian Method FFT 256 Threshold 11 dBIIR Method FFT 256 Threshold 10 dB
Distance (km)
Radial Velocity
(m/s)
Bearing (°CWN)
28
The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
MAAS TRADER
DOLPHIN
29
The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
Processing Matrix - YM Los Angeles 11/9/09
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
16 NSD NSD NSD NSD NSD NSD
32 6.6 6.1 4.111.8
1.79.0
0.85.8
NSD3.0 1.4 0.3
64 21.7 20.2 17.828.9
16.222.4
13.715.0
10.69.3 6.1 3.1
128 41.8 41.1 39.750.3
37.448.6
36.046.6
34.343.0 39.0 36.1
256 42.7 41.6 39.947.1
39.246.1
37.945.7
35.544.0 43.0 39.9
512 33.7 32.3 30.936.5
29.834.0
28.432.6
26.030.5 29.5 28.8
102429.7 28.6 26.1 25.0 22.1 19.6
Threshold (dB)F
FT
Poi
nts
IIR – Red Median – Blue NSD = No Ship Detected
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
HFR Current Mapping Product Development Road Map for Vessel Detection
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20092001 2002
First Long Range System InstallledFirst Long Range System Installled
Large Vessel detection program AMI
Large Vessel detection program AMI
5 MHz Bistatic Buoy Deployed5 MHz Bistatic Buoy Deployed
NWRA applies SIFTER algorithm to
CODAR data
NWRA applies SIFTER algorithm to
CODAR data
SuperDirective System Installed
SuperDirective System Installed
First Mid Range System InstallledFirst Mid Range
System Installled
COE Medium Sized Vessel
Program Begins
COE Medium Sized Vessel
Program Begins
Small Boat detection program
Small Boat detection program
LEAP Program Begins
LEAP Program Begins
13 MHz Bistatic Buoy Deployed13 MHz Bistatic Buoy Deployed
SRI develops tracker for
SIFTER output
SRI develops tracker for
SIFTER output
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20092001 2002
Multi-Level Access and Information Sharing with Open Mongoose (MDA CONOP)
(U) Multi-Level Enclaves Provide Appropriate Level Data to Customers
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
Road Map for Vessel Detection Within CSR
2009 2010 2011 20122008
CSR StartsCSR Starts
Coordinated Field ExerciseCoordinated Field Exercise
CSR Summer Institute PilotCSR Summer Institute Pilot
Puerto Rico Site Inspection
Puerto Rico Site Inspection
Coordinated Field ExerciseCoordinated Field Exercise
First LEAP System Installed
First LEAP System Installed
CSR Summer Institute “How Small is Small”
CSR Summer Institute “How Small is Small”
LEAP Bistatic Transmitter
Installed
LEAP Bistatic Transmitter
Installed
Field Exercise Alaska
Field Exercise Alaska
Second LEAP System Installed
Second LEAP System Installed
Testing of Real Time Software in Mid Atlantic
Testing of Real Time Software in Mid Atlantic
Field Exercise Miami
Field Exercise Miami
Bistatic Exercise Puerto Rico
Bistatic Exercise Puerto Rico
LEAP Multistatic Exercise
LEAP Multistatic Exercise
Vessel Detection Data
into Open Mongoose
Vessel Detection Data
into Open Mongoose
CIT Program CommencesCIT Program Commences
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The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)
2009 2010 2011 20122008
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