The burden of animal bites among humans and control measures in
Mubende district
Asiimwe Grace Karimu, F. Monje, D. Mugabi, H. Mulondo, C. Odong, H. Kazoora , T. Odoch, C. Ohuobunwo, K.
Ssemogerere
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussions
Conclusion
Recommendations
Presentation outline
Humans acquire rabies through bites by infected animals.
Domestic dogs are most important source of infection to
humans with more than 95% of human cases
Although human rabies encephalitis remains untreatable
the infection is preventable
In 2010, Uganda reported 12,718 cases and 203 deaths
from rabies with 82 (0.6%) cases from Mubende district.
About 23% of land covered by forests
Introduction
General objective. To describe the burden of animal bites in
humans and possible control measures Specific objectives Describe the burden of animal bite cases by
person place and time Identify possible control measures in place
Objective
Cross sectional study design Abstracted data from HMIS 031 registers at
Mubende regional referral hospital (MRRH) and Veterinary department records.
Conducted community survey from selected subcounties.
Data analysed using Epi info version 5.3.1 software
Methods
R
Veterinary Records
Medical records
In 2010 and 2011, 563 patients reported animal bites from 15 subcounties to MRRH with less than 1% first reporting to vet.
Majority of the bites were due to dogs 540 (96%)
Others; cats 12 (2.1%), jackals 5 (0.9%), goats 3 (0.5%), humans 3 (0.5%).
Results
Bage
za
Buku
ya
Butor
ogo
Kalwan
a
Kasam
bya
Kassa
nda
Kigand
a
Kigan
do
Kiten
ga
Kitum
bi
Kiyuni
Madud
u Mtc
Myanzi
Nabing
oola
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
39.8
12.117.8
14.2
75.2
Incidence per 10,000 population
Sub county
Inci
denc
e pe
r10,
000p
opul
atio
nIncidence of animal bites reported to MRRH 2010- 2011
Patients aged 3 months to 84 years.
Females 293 (52%) most affected.
Only 541 (96.1%) patients treated with post exposure rabies vaccine
Only 125 (23.1%) of the patients received the recommended 2-3 vaccine doses.
March and August with high incidences
Results…
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1417
32
40 39
20102011
Months
No.
of
anim
al b
ites
repo
rted
.No. of animal bites reported in 2010 and 2011
0 – 9 10 -19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 – 59 60 - 69 70 - 79 80 - 89 0
5
10
15
20
25
30 28.3
Percentage cases
Age group
Perc
enta
ge o
f an
imal
bite
sPercentage of animal bite cases by age groups
Interviewing dog bite patient
Children (10 - 19yrs) more prone to animal bites.
School going children most affected Stray dogs seen in communities visited Stray dog bites common. Weak departmental collaboration (Hospital,
medical and veterinary dep'ts)
Results …
Community survey –Nabingola s/c
Only 28% of the respondents had knowledge on rabies
Animal bites and human rabies in Mubende primarily due to stray dogs.
Post exposure prophylaxis is currently inadequate.
Limited community knowledge on rabies Irregular control strategies
Conclusions
District recruit Veterinary staff MAAIF provide vaccines to district for mass
vaccination of pets Vet Sensitise communities/schools on rabies Training of VHT to report on zoonoses. Killing any stray dogs in the community Strengthening the bond between Health and
Veterinary dep'ts (One Health) in the district
Recommendations
Sensitisation of communities on rabies
Public health action
Kasambya subcounty Kiyuni subcounty
Mubende district local government
MRRH
MUK-COVAB
MAAIF
AFENET
USAID - RESPOND
Acknowledgement
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