The BrainDiscuss the use of brain imaging technologies in investigating the relationship between biological factors and behavior.
Modern technology and localization of function
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Developed in 1929 by Hans Berger
• Electrodes are placed on the outside of the head using a special cap or helmet.
• Detect electrical activity in the brain.
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Most widely used in sleep research.
• It can measure what stage of sleep you are in.
• 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th
• REM (Rapid Eye Movement)
• Not that accurate in research showing us localization of function.
Computed Tomography
• Combines computer and x-ray technology.
• Images are taken from all sides and look like slices of the brain.
• GREAT for showing structural changes in the brain (like a tumor).
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)• Our bodies are about 60%
water H2O.• Uses a strong magnetic field
to push one proton of the H2O off its orbit.
• When magnetic pulse stops…the proton rushes back to its orbit.
• It emits a small radio frequency on its way back.
• The machine can detect that radio frequency..taking a picture of it.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Normally much more safe that CT scan.
• But REALLY bad it you have metal inside of you….
• Very precise images from any angle.
Functional MRI (fMRI)
• Uses MRI technology but takes pictures of only active areas (areas with more blood).
• Great for showing brain activity.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
• Inject a radioactive substance in an individual.
• Usually some radioactive sugar that produces gamma rays.
• When the brain metabolizes (burns) the sugar, the PET machine will measure it.
• Great diagnostic tool for showing abnormalities in brain activity.
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