The Atom
What are atoms?
0 Atoms are the building blocks of matter, all matter is made up of atoms
How big is an atom?
0 Activity! Bringing things down to size.0 Take one sheet of paper 8 ½ by 11.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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0 Activity! Bringing things down to size.0 Take one sheet of paper 8 ½ by 11.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com
0 Activity! Bringing things down to size.0 Take one sheet of paper 8 ½ by 11.0 Cut it in half as precisely as possible.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com
0 Activity! Bringing things down to size.0 Take one sheet of paper 8 ½ by 11.0 Cut it in half as precisely as possible.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com
0 Activity! Bringing things down to size.0 Take one sheet of paper 8 ½ by 11.0 Cut it in half as precisely as possible.0 Cut in half again and again. Keep track.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com
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Line up scraps from large to small.
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ETC…..
0Answer: If you were to cut the paper in half about 90 times, you would be around the size of the atom.
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90
0 Video Link! The size of atoms0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQP4UJhNn0I
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
0 We can’t see individual atoms. 0 We can see billions and billions of them bonded together.
0 We can’t see individual atoms. 0 We can see billions and billions of them bonded together.
An atom is made of 3 parts:
0 Protons0 Neutrons0 Electrons
Protons
0 Protons have a positive (+) charge0 Found in the nucleus (center) of the atom
Neutrons
0 Neutrons have a neutral (0) charge0 Neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom
Electrons
0 Electrons are the smallest of the subatomic particles0 Electrons have a negative (-) charge0 Electrons are found in shells or orbitals that surround
the nucleus
Atoms form Elements
0 Different atoms have different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons
0 Each of the different elements from the Periodic Table of Elements has a specific amount of protons, neutrons, and electrons in it’s atoms (see periodic table)
0 An atom that has 1 proton, 1 electron, and 0 neutrons is the element Hydrogen, whereas an atom that has 2 protons, 2 electrons, and 2 neutrons is the element Helium
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
the number of protons in an atom
the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
He2
4 Atomic weight/mass
Atomic number
Number of electrons = number of protons
Number of neutrons = atomic weight-atomic number
The Atoms Family-
Atomic Math Challenge
Wksht.
Early Atomic Theory – Contributing Scientists!
0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IO9WS_HNmyg
Niels Bohr0 Came up with a “picture” of the structure of an
atom , won Nobel prize in 1922
Bohr Model
0 Bohr discovered that electrons move in orbitals around the nucleus of an atom
0 Although, we don’t know exactly where electrons are at any given time, we now have a model that helps scientists estimate where electrons are likely to be located at any given time
0 To draw a Bohr model we need to know how many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the atom
Bohr’s Atom
electrons in orbits
nucleus
HELIUM ATOM: (Draw and label it in notes)
P+
N
NP+
E-
E-
proton
electron
neutron
Shell
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Electrons are arranged in Energy Levels
or Shells around the nucleus of an atom.
• first shell a maximum of 2 electrons
• second shell a maximum of 8
electrons
• third shell a maximum of 8
electrons
•This structure only holds true for the 1st 20
Elements
Bohr Model of Carbon
0 How many protons? 0 How many electrons? 0 How many neutrons? 0 How many electrons can go in the first shell?0 How many electrons do we have left?
0 These will go into the second shell0 Only 2 electrons shells needed for Carbon
6
6
6
2
4
Carbon
Let’s Practice Making Bohr Models!
What are Molecules?0 Two or more atoms of the same or different elements
that bond together
What is a Compound?
is a pure chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions.
0 In English, we only have twenty-six letters, but we can make thousands of words. In chemistry, you are working with almost 120 elements. When you combine them, you can make millions of different compounds!
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