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THE AMERICANJEWISH COMMITTEETWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT
NEW YORK1935
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f8I
.ACADEMY TRESSNEW YORK
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Objects of the Committee
" T h e o b j e c t s o f t h i s c o r p o r a t i o n s h a l l b e , t o p r e v e n t
t h e i n f r a c t i o n o f t h e c i v i l a n d r e l i g i o u s r i g h t s o f J e w s ,
i n a n y p a r t o f t h e w o r l d ; t o r e n d e r a l l l a w f u l a s s i s t a n c e
a n d t o t a k e a p p r o p r i a t e r e m e d i a l a c t i o n i n t h e e v e n t o f
t h r e a t e n e d o r a c t u a l i n v a s i o n o r r e s t r i c t i o n o f s u c h r i g h t s ,
o r o f u n f a v o r a b l e d i s c r i m i n a t i o n w i t h r e s p e c t t h e r e t o ; t o
s e c u r e f o r J e w s e q u a l i t y o f e c o n o m i c , s o c i a l a n d e d u c a -
t i o n a l o p p o r t u n i t y ; t o a l l e v i a t e t h e c o n s e q u e n c e s o f p e r s e -
c u t i o n a n d t o a f f o r d r e l i e f f r o m c a l a m i t i e s a f f e c t i n g J e w s ,
w h e r e v e r t h e y m a y o c c u r ; a n d t o c o m p a s s t h e s e e n d s t o
a d m i n i s t e r a n y r e l i e f f u n d w h i c h s h a l l c o m e i n t o i t s p o s -
s e s s i o n o r w h i c h m a y b e r e c e i v e d b y i t , i n t r u s t o r o t h e r -
w i s e , f o r a n y o f t h e a f o r e s a i d o b j e c t s o r f o r p u r p o s e s
c o m p r e h e n d e d t h e r e i n . " - E x t r a c t from the Charter .
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CONTENTS
5
PAGEOFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEETWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING1ANNUAL REPORT OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE7
I . THE JEWISH SITUATION IN GERMANY TODAY 27II . OTHER CENTERS OF INTEREST ABROAD
Austria7Poland9Danzig4Saar Basin4Switzer land5Roumania6Latvia7South Af r i c a7Latin America n Countries8Canada8Anti-Jewis h Agita tio n in Salonica9Russia9
III . DOMESTIC MATTERSAnti-Jewish Agita tion in the United Stat es 5 3
Educati onal Activiti es7I m m i g r a t i o n9Complaints of False Ch ar ges2The Osman Case3
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ADDRESS OF NEVILLE LASKI, ESQ ., K .C03ACT OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAWS13LIST OF CORPORATE MEMBERS BY CLASSES23ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CORPORATE MEMBERS35SUSTAINING MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS45CONTRIBUTING ORGANIZATIONS81LEGACIES85
6
PAGEThe Americ an Jewish Year Book3Saturday Sessions in New Jersey N orm al
S c h o o l s4O b j e c t i o n a b l e M o t i o n P i c t u r e s5C o o p e r a t i o n W i t h O t h e r O r g a n i z a t i o n s5T h e P r o p o s e d W o r l d J e w i s h C o n g r e s s7
REPORT ON ORGANIZATION MATTERS1 . N e c r o l o g y72 . T h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e83 . Corporate Membership94 . A c t i v i t i e s o f F i e l d R e p r e s e n t a t i v e6
5 . R e g i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e s and C h i c a g o
M e e t i n g76. S t a t e A d v i s o r y C o u n c i l s87 C h a n g e o f D a t e o f A n n u a l M e e t i n g8
REPORT OF THE TREASURER1Appendix : R e p o r t o f t h e A u d i t o r4
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OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEEO f f i c e r s
P r e s i d e n t , CYRUS ADLERHonorar y V ice-President, ABRAM I. ELKUS
V i c e - P r e s i d e n t s j IRVING LEHMAN1 Louis E . KIRSTEIN
T r e a s u r e r , SAMUEL D LEIDESDORFExecutive Committ ee
CYRUS ADLER (1937)*h i l a d e l p h i a , P a .JAMES H . BECKER ( 1 9 3 7 )h i c a g o , I l l .DAVID M. BRESSLER ( 1 9 3 7 )ew York, N . Y .FRED M . BUTZEL ( 1 9 3 8 )e t r o i t , M i c h .JAMES DAVIS ( 1 9 3 8 )h i c a g o , I l l .ABRAM I. ELKUS ( 1 9 3 7 )ew Yor k, N . Y .ELI FRANK ( 1 9 3 7 )altimore, Md .HAROLD HIRSCH ( 1 9 3 8 )t l a n t a , G a .HENRY ITTLESON ( 1 9 3 7 )ew York, N . Y .LOUIS E. KIRSTEI N ( 1 9 3 8 )oston, Mass .ALBERT D. LASKER ( 1 9 3 7 )h i c a g o , I l l .FRED LAZARUS, JR ( 1 9 3 8 )olumbus, O .IRVING LEHMAN ( 1 9 3 8 )ew York, N . YSAMUEL D . LEEDESDORF ( 1 9 3 8 )ew York, N . Y .
JAMES MARSHALL ( 1 9 3 6 )ew York, N . Y .GEORGE Z. MEDALIE ( 1 9 3 8 )ew York, N . Y .JULIUS L. MEIER ( 1 9 3 7 )o r t l a n d , O r e .JOSEPH M. PROSKAUER ( 1 9 3 6 )ew York, N . Y .A . C. RATSHESKY ( 1 9 3 6 )oston, Mas s .MILTON J. ROSENAU ( 1 9 3 8 )oston, Mas s .JAMES N ROSENBERG ( 1 9 3 6 )ew York, N . Y .SAMUEL I. RoSENMAN ( 1 9 3 6 )ew York, N . Y .LESSING J. ROSENWALD ( 1 9 3 6 )h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . .RALPH J. SCHWARZ ( 1 9 3 8 )ew Or leans, La .
HORACE STERN ( 1 9 3 7 ) ,h i l a d e l p h i a , P a .ROGER W. STRAUS ( 1 9 3 6 )ew Yor k, N . Y .LEWIS L. STRAUSS ( 1 9 3 0ew York, N . Y .SOL. M. STROOCK (1937hatrmlfriew Yor k, N . Y .FELIX M. WARBURG ( 1 9 3 6 )ew Yor k, N . Y .MORRIS WOLF ( 1 9 3 6 )h i l a d e l p h i a , P a .
S e c r e t a r yMORRIS D. WALDMANA s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r yHARRY SCHNEIDERMAN
171 M adison Avenue, N . E . Cor . 3 3 r d S t r e e t
New York City
Ca ble Address, "WISHCO M, Ne w Yo rk . "
:The y e a r given after ea ch name is the date on which the mem-
b e r ' s t e r m e x p i r e s .
7
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T wenty -Eight h
Annual M ee ti ng
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Twenty-Eighth Annual MeetingJANUARY 6, 1935
The Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the American
J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e w a s h e l d a t t h e H o t e l A s t o r , N e w Y o r k
C i t y , o n S u n d a y , J a n u a r y 6 , 1 9 3 5 . Dr. C y r u s A d l e r ,
P r e s i d e n t , c a l l e d t h e m e e t i n g t o o r d e r .
T h e f o l l o w i n g C o r p o r a t e M e m b e r s w e r e p r e s e n t :
Community RepresentativesCONNECTICUTH a r t f o r d : I s i d o r e W i s e
FLORIDAJ a c k s o n v i l l e : Mor ton R . Hi r s c h b e r g
I L L I N O I S
C h i c a g o : James Becker ; B e r n a r d H o r w i c h
MARYLANDB a l t i m o r e : A. R a y K a t z
MASSACHUSETTSB o s t o n : F e l i x V o r e n b e r g
S o m e r v i l l e : Hym an J. R o u t t e n b e r g
S p r i n g f i e l d : Henry Lasker
NEW JERSEYA t l a n t i c C i t y : J o s e p h B . P e r s k i e
Cam den : B e n j a m i n N a t a l
Tr enton : P h i l l i p F o r m a n
NEW YORKBrooklyn : W i l l i a m L i e b e r m a n n ; H u g h G r a n t S t r a u s
B u f f a l o : Eugene Warner ; Herman Wile
1 1
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12 The Americ an Jewish Committee
Elmi r a : Benj am in F . Levy
New York : Ben Altheime r ; Simon Bergman ; HermanBernstein ; David M. Bressler ; David A. Brown ;
Willia m Fischma n ; Norman S. Goetz ; Samuel H .
Goldenson ; Henry S. H e ndr i c k s ; H e nr y I t t le s o n ;Arthur K. Kuhn ; Arthur M. Lamport ; I r vingLehman ; Solomon Lowenstein ; Julian W. Mack ;
James Marshall ; Alexander Marx ; George Z .
Medalie ; I . D. M o r r i s o n ; Joseph M. Pr o s k a u e r ;
H a r o l d R i e ge lm a n ; B e r na r d Se m e l ; Fred M. Stein ;
I . M . Stettenheim ; Lewis L. Stra uss ; Sol M . Stroo ck ;
Felix M . Wa r burg ; Ra lph Wolf
Rochester : Henry M. Stern
Sy r acus e : Benja min Stolz
White Plains : P. Ir ving Gri nberg
PENNSYLVANIAPhiladelphia : C y r u s Adle r ; Jus t i n P . Allm an ; Jacob
Billik opf ; B. L. Levintha l ; Victor Rosewater ; Ho r ac e
Stern
VIRGINIARichmond : Edward N. Calisch
Membe rs-a t-Large
L o ui s B a m b e r ge r , N e w a r k ; Eli Fra nk, Baltimor e ; Her-
bert J. H a nno c h , N e w a r k ; Louis E . Kirstei n, Boston ;
Fred Lazar us, Jr ., Columbus ; Samuel D. Leidesdorf ,
N e w Y o r k C i t y ; Char les J. Li e b m an, N ew Yo r k C i t y ;
Henry Morgenthau, Sr., New York City ; ReubenOppenheimer , Baltimor e ; Lessing J. Ros enwald,
Philadelphia ; Morris Rothenberg, New York City ;
He nry Wineman, Detr oit .
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T w e n t y - E igh t h Annua l M e e t i ng 1 3
Delegat es fr om Or ganizatio ns
B'RITH SHOLOM : William M. Lewis .
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL JEWISHWOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS : Este lle M . Sternber ger .
COUNCIL OF YOUNG ISRAEL AND YOUNG ISRAEL SYNA-GOGUE ORGANIZATIONS : Edward S. Silver .
HADASSAH : Mrs . David de Sola Pool .
HEBREW SHELTERING AND IMMIGRANT AID SOCIETY OFAMERICA : John L. Bernstein, Abraham Herman,Jacob Ma ssel, Albert Rosenblatt .
INDEPENDENT ORDER B'RITH ABRAHAM : Leon Sander s,
Max L. Hollander .
INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF ISRAEL : Simon M .
Goldsm it h .
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN : Mrs . Maurice
L. Goldma n .
UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS OFAMERICA : B enj a m i n K o e n igs b e r g .
UNITED ROUMANIAN JEWS OF AMERICA : A. D . Bra -
h am, H e rm a n Speie r .
UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA : Louis J . Moss .
WOMEN'S BRANCH OF THE UNION OF ORTHODOX JEW-ISH CONGREGATIONS OF AMERICA : Mrs . Joseph M .
Asher .WOMENS LEAGUE OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE OFAMERICA : Mrs. Moses Hyamson, Mrs . SamuelSpiegel, Miss Sara h Kussy .
Th er e were also pre sent the f ollowing Susta ining Mem -
ber s and othe r guests
Leo M. Ab r ah a m s, E as t O r ange, N . J . ; M r s . C y rus
Adler, Philadelphia , Pa . ; N. H. Adler, Brook lyn ;
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1 4 T he Amer ica n Jewish Committee
Joseph Ab r a m ow, N ew Yo r k ; M anfred Ambrose,
New York ; Miss T ama h Axel, New Yor k .
The odore Badman, New York ; C l a r e n c e G . Ba c h r a c h ,
Brooklyn ; H erman Baerwald, New York ; M r s . P a u l
Baerwald, New Yo rk ; M i s s P a u l i n e B a e r w a l d , N e w
Y o r k ; Salo W . Baron, New York ; D a v i d B . B a u m ,
N e w Y o r k ; Mrs . J a m e s B e c k e r , C h i c a g o , I l l . ; N .
Henry Beckman, Cincinnati, Ohio ; S . Be n d e r l e y ,
N ew Yo r k ; Robert M . Benjamin, New York ; O l i e
B e r g e r , P r o v i d e n c e , R . I . ; Bruno Berk, Newar k,N. J . ; Ir ving Berkelhammer , New Yo rk ; A r t h u rD. B e r l i s s , N e w Y o r k ; Isr ael Berma n, New Yor k ;
Henry J . B e r n h e i m , N e w Y o r k ; L u d w i g B . B e r n s t e i n ,
P i t t s b u r g h , P a . ; M i s s A d e l e B i l d e r s e e , B r o o k l y n ;
Meier Bloch, Brooklyn ; H e r m a n W . Block, New
Y o r k ; M eyer Bloomfield, New York ; E. M . B l u e -
stone, New Yor k ; William Blumstein, New Yor k ;
H a r r i s B o r n s t e i n , B a y o n n e , N . J . ; C a r l B o s c h w i t z ,
N ew Yo r k ; W i l l i a m G . B r a u d e , P r o v i d e n c e , R . I . ;
I . L . Brill, New York ; Charles A. Brodek, Ne w
Y o r k ; S i m o n S . B r o n e , A l l e n t o w n , P a . ; Edward H .
Burger, New Yor k .
E p h r a i m C a p l a n , B r o o k l y n ; E m a n u e l C e l l e r , B r o o k l y n ;
Miss Emily P . C o h e n , N e w Y o r k ; J . S o l i s C o h e n , J r . ,
P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . ; Morris R . Cohen, New Yor k ;
Ir ving Ben Cooper , New Yo rk ; P h i l i p C o w e n , N e w
Y o r k .
Walter Derenberg, New Yor k .
H y m a n E h r l i c h , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . ; M r s . J o s e p h H . E h r -
l i c h , D e t r o i t , M i c h . ; Miss Alice R . Emanuel, New
Y o r k ; Felix M . Erlanger, New York ; Sydney B .
Erlanger, New York .
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Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting 1 5
L e o n F a l k , J r . , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . ; L o u i s A . F a l k , J e r s e y
C i t y , N . J . ; M y r o n F a l k , J r ., New Yor k ; E r n s t H .
F e i l c h e n f e l d , N e w Y o r k ; B . G . F e i n b e r g , N e w Y o r k ;A. F e i t , B r o o k l y n ; A . S . Freed, New Yor k ; E . D .
Friedman, Ne w Yo rk ; Elisha M . Fri edman, New
Y o r k ; Miss Ruby Frisch, New York ; W . F . F u e r s t ,
N e w Y o r k ; Mrs . F e l i x F u l d , S o u t h O r a n g e , N . J .
J o s e p h G a l e f , N e w Y o r k ; H oward S . Gans, New York ;
M r s . Howard S . Gans, New York ; J a c o b G i n s b e r g ,
P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . ; Harry L . Glucksman, New York ;
S . Her ber t Golden, New Y ork ; S a m u e l G o l d h a m e r ,
C l e v e l a n d , O h i o ; I s r a e l M . G o l d m a n , P r o v i d e n c e , R .
I . ; W i l l i a m G o l d m a n n , N e w Y o r k ; S i d n e y G o l d m a n n ,
Tr enton, N . J . ; Lawrence Lyon Goldsmith, N ew
Y o r k ; Nathan L . G o l d s t e i n , N e w Y o r k ; Mo ritz M .
G o t t l i e b , A l l e n t o w n , P a . ; M . J . Greeneba um, New
Y o r k ; J u l i a n L . G r e i f e r , B i n g h a m t o n , N . Y . ; D a v i d
Gross, New Yor k ; J . G u t m a n , B r o o k l y n .
P h i l l i p W . H a b e r m a n , J r ., New York ; L o u i s J . H a l l e ,
N e w Y o r k ; M i s s M i r i a m H a l p e r i n , N e w Y o r k ; M r s .M. H . Harris, New York ; William M . H . H a r r i s ,
N e w Y o r k ; Benjamin A . Har tstein, New York ;
I s a a c S . Heller, New York ; Richar d Heller, N ew
Y o r k ; Edward Her bert, New Yor k ; I s i d o r e H e r s h -
f i e l d , W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . ; M r s . J o s e p h H e r z o g , N e w
Y o r k ; Miss Rose A. Herzog, New York ; Samuel A .
Her zog, New Yo rk ; Mrs . S i e g m u n d H e r z o g , C l e v e -
l a n d , O h i o ; M a u r i c e B . Hexter, New York ; C a e s a r
Hirsch, New York ; S i d n e y H o l l a n d e r , B a l t i m o r e ;
Jacob E . Ho lzma n, New Y or k ; Louis Horwitz,
B r o o k l y n ; H enry Hurwitz, New Yor k ; M. H y a m s o n ,
N e w Y o r k ; Edwin M . Hydeman, New York ; G e o r g e
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1 6 The American Jewish CommitteeM. Hyman, Syracuse, N . Y . ; J . C . Hyma n, New
Y o r k .
I . I s a a c s , W i l k e s - B a r r e , P a .
M e n d e l J a c o b i , B r o o k l y n ; A . L . J a f f e , B r o o k l y n ; I s a a c
J a f f e , N e w Y o r k ; J a c o b J o s e p h , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a .
Bernha rd Kahn, New Yor k ; Ernst Kahn, New York ;M. J . Karpf, New Yor k ; David Kass, New York ;
Alfr ed B . Kasto r, New York ; A . D . K a t c h e r , N e w
York ; Franz Katz, New Yor k ;o e r n e r ,
Washington, D . C . ; Edgar J . Kohler, New York ;
Alfr ed E . Kornfeld, New Yor k ; William Kosh-
land, New Yor k ; P a u l K u l i c k , S c h e n e c t a d y , N . Y .
S . C . Lamport, New York ; S a u l J . Lance, New Yor k ;
Henry Landau, New Y ork ; Jaco b Landau, New
York ; S i d n e y L a n s b u r g h , B a l t i m o r e , M d . ; J . La r u s ,
New York ; M r s . H e n r y La s k e r , S p r i n g f i e l d , M a s s . ;
Morris S . Lazaron, Baltimore, Md . ; Edwa r d H .
Lebovsky , Watertown, N . Y . ; Ir ving LeRoy, New
Y o r k ; I . Har ris Levy, New York ; Max L e v y , P o r t
Richm ond, N . Y . ; Reuben H . L e v y , K i n g s t o n , P a . ;
Sanford Levy, New Yor k ; T . A . L e v y , S y r a c u s e , N .
Y. ; W a r r e n L e v y , M a d i s o n , W i s c . ; Max Lewy, New
Y o r k ; S . Lipschi tz, New Yor k ; Her man Lissner,
New York , Mrs . M o r r i s L o e b , N e w Y o r k ; I r a L o e w ,
Lynn, Ma ss . ; Samuel Lonschein, New Yor k ; ML u r i e , B r o o k l y n .
Frank M acDonald, New Yor k ; W i l l i a m J . Mack, New
Y o r k ; Willia m S. M a l i n , J a m a i c a , N . Y . ; M o r r i s
Ma nges, Ne w Yor k ; Arnold D . M a r g o l i n , B r o o k l y n ;
M r s . Benjamin Ma rsha ll, New Y ork ; J a c o b M a y e r ,
E a s t o n , P a . ; Mrs . G e o r g e Z . Medalie, New York ;
Philip Meirowitz, New Yor k ; Mrs . Mortimer M .
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Menken, New Yor k ; David Met zger , Ne w Yor k ;
Morr is Michtam, Brooklyn ; L . Minsky, New York ;
Henry Mo sko witz, New Yor k ; H . L . Moses, New
York ; S o l M u t t e r p e r l , N e w Y o r k ; M r s . S o l M u t t e r -
perl, New Yor k ; M r s . F l o r e n c e B . M e y e r s , A l b a n y ,N. Y .
M r s . C l a r e n c e S . Nathan, New York ; E d g a r J . N a t h a n ,
J r ., N ew Yo r k ; Mr s . Henry Necarsulmer, New
York ; Henry Neca rsulmer, New York ; Edward A .
Nor man, New York .
Alfr ed M . O p p e n h e i m e r , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . ; Simo n E .
Osserma n, New Yor k .
H e r b e r t P a r z e n , J a c k s o n H e i g h t s , N . Y . ; Eugene H .
Paul, Brooklyn ; K u r t P e i s e r , D e t r o i t , M i c h i g a n ;
Abr a h a m E . P i n a n s k i , B r o o k l i n e , M a s s . ; M r s . F r a n -
c i s D . P o l l a k , N e w Y o r k ; S a m u e l P r i c e , S p r i n g f i e l d ,
M a s s . ; F r a n k J . P r i n c e , N e w Y o r k .
Theodore Racoosin, New York ; M o s e s R a m r u s , B r o o k -
l y n , N . Y . ; Sidney Reisman, Pelham M anor, N . Y . ;
H y m an J . Reit, New York ; H a r r y R . R i c h m o n d ,
W i c h i t a , K a n s . ; L . R i t t e n b e r g , N e w Y o r k ; J o s e p h A .
Rosen, New Yor k ; Mrs . Henry Rosenber g, New
Y o r k ; M i s s M i n n i e R o s e n b e r g , N e w Y o r k ; M r s . C e l i a
Rosenbloom, N ew Yo rk ; P h i l i p R o s e n b l u m , B r o o k -
lyn, New Yo rk ; J o s e p h R o s e n z w e i g , N e w Y o r k ; M r s .
Joseph Rosenzweig, New York ; Miss M . R o s s , N e w
Y o r k ; L o u i s R u d n e r , T r e n t o n , N . J .
Ma nuel S . Sachs, N ew Haven, Conn . ; Alexander N .
Sack , New York ; R u d o l p h S a n d e r s , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . ;
M i s s E l e a n o r S a y m o n , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . ; I . S a y m o n ,
B r o o k l y n , N . Y . ; M r s . R a y F . S c h w a r t z , N e w Y o r k ;
S . Seiferheld, New Yor k ; B . S e l e k m a n , B o s t o n ,
A
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1 8 T he Amer ica n Jewish C o m m i t t e e
Mass . ; M . S e n d e r o w i t z , J r . , A l l e n t o w n , P a . ; Mrs .
B e l l e S e s s l e r , N e w Y o r k ; E . L . S h a f f e r , T r e n t o n ,N. J . ; D a v i d S h a p i r o , N e w Y o r k ; I s a a c S i e g e l , Ne w
York ; M a u r i c e J . S i e v e r s , C i n c i n n a t i , 0 . ; L . S . S i l -
b e r b e r g , N i a g a r a F a l l s , N . Y . ; J a c o b S i l v e r b l a t t ,
W i l k e s - B a r r e , P a . ; J o s h u a S i l v e r s t e i n , N e w Y o r k ;
R a l p h S i l v e r s t e i n , N e w Y o r k ; H a r r y S i l v e r s t o n e ,
B r i d g e p o r t , C o n n . ; M r s . H a r r y S i l v e r s t o n e , B r i d g e -
p o r t , C o n n . ; L i o n e l J . Simmonds, New Yor k ; M u r -
ra y Simons, New York ; Henry B . Singer, New
Y o r k ; J o s e p h S i n s h e i m e r , N e w Y o r k ; J o h n S l a w s o n ,
New York ; B . J . S m i t h , S c r a n t o n , P a . ; P . S m o l l e r ,
S p r i n g f i e l d , 0 . ; A . S o k o l s k i , N e w Y o r k ; M i s s E l v i r aN. S o l i s , N e w Y o r k ; J . S o l i s - C o h e n , J r . , P h i l a d e l p h i a ,
Pa . ; N a t h a n i e l S p e a r , J r . , N e w Y o r k ; H a r r y S t a r r ,
N e w Y o r k ; M i l t o n S . S t e i n e r , N e w Y o r k ; N a t h a n
S t e r n , N e w Y o r k ; S a m u e l H . S t e r n b e r g , N e w Y o r k ;
I s a a c S t o n e , C l e v e l a n d , 0 . ; I s a a c S t r a h l , N e w Y o r k ;
B . A. Stroock , Newburgh, N . Y . ; Mrs . Sol M .
Stroock, N ew York ; Cha rles Sufrin, New Yor k ;
A r t h u r H a y s S u l z b e r g e r , N e w Y o i k ; Mrs . C y r u s L .
S u l z b e r g e r , N e w Y o r k ; M r s . L e o S u l z b e r g e r , N e w
York ; P a u l S u m m e r f i e l d , P r o v i d e n c e , R . I . ; N a t h a n
S w e e d l e r , B r o o k l y n , N . Y .A . B . T a r t , N e w Y o r k ; J . G a r f i e l d T r a g e r , S c a r s d a l e ,N. Y . ; Max R . T r a u r i g , W a t e r b u r y , C o n n . ; G e o r g e
T r o s k , N e w Y o r k .
Arthur Van Raalte, New Yor k ; Hiram N . V i n e b e r g ,
New York .
J . M . Wachmann, New York ; M a r t i n W e c h s l e r , B r o o k -
l y n , N . Y . ; F r a n k M . W e i l , N e w Y o r k ; M a r t i n W e i l ,
N e w Y o r k ; Ma rk Weinbaum, New York ; M o r r i s
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Twenty-Eighth Annual M eet ing 1 9
W e i nb e r g, B r o o k ly n , N e w Y o r k ; M i s s Joyce Weiner,
New York ; Jacob J. We in s t e i n, N e w Y o r k ; Willia m
Weiss, New York ; Char les Weissman, Wilkes-Barr e,
Pa . ; Jo s eph Willen, N ew Yo r k ; Mr s . Wolfe Wolfin-
s o hn, N ew Yo r k .
Alfr ed Ya nka uer, New York .
Ma x Zigun, Bridgeport , Conn . ; Mo r r is Zigun, Br idge-
port, Co nn .
Th e fo llowing guest s a tte nded the a nnual mee ting as
observers for the organizations indicated :
ALPHA OMEGA FRATERNITY : Samuel BirenbachALUMNI ASSOCIATION-HEBREW UNION COLLEGE :
William Rosenblum
AMERICAN ACADEMY FOR JEWISH RESEARCH : HarryA. Wolfso n
DROPSIE COLLEGE ALUMNI: Samuel Nir ensteinJEWISH WAR VETERANS : Wi lli a m B e r m a n
NATIONAL FEDERATION OF JEWISH MEN'S CLUBS OFTHE UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA : T h e odo re
C h a r n a s
NATIONAL FEDERATION OF TEMPLE SISTERHOODS : M r s .
Alber t J . M a y
PHI LAMBDA KAPPA FRATERNITY : J . Allen Ya ger
PI TAU Pi FRATERNITY : I . Edward TonkonSIGMA ALPHA Mu FRATERNITY : James HammersteinSIGMA TAU PHI FRATERNITY : G e o r ge E . Br a h am
Pre sentat ion of Annual Report
T h e Pr e si de nt pr e se nt ed t he r epo r t of t he Ex ec ut ive
Committee for the past year .
Mr . Benja min Stolz of Syr ac use moved the a doption of
the following res olution : "That the report of the Executive
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2 0 The American Jewish Committee
C o m m i t t e e b e a d o p t e d , a n d t h a t t h e c o r p o r a t e m e m b e r s o f
the American Jewish Committee here assembled approve
the policies and meth ods pursued by the Executive Com -
m i t t e e , a s o u t l i n e d i n i t s r e p o r t , c o m m e n d i n p a r t i c u l a r i t s
p o l i c y o f c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s , a n d e x p r e s s
t h e i r p r o f o u n d a p p r e c i a t i o n a n d t h a n k s f o r t h e u n s e l f i s h
a n d d e v o t e d e f f o r t s e v i d e n c e d b y t h e m e m b e r s o f t h e E x -
ecutive Committee . "
Mr. Benjamin Natal of Camden, N . J . , m o v e d t h a t t h e
r e s o l u t i o n b e a m e n d e d t o i n c l u d e t h e e x p r e s s a p p r o v a l o f
t h e a t t i t u d e o f t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e t o w a r d t h e p r o -
p o s e d w o r l d J e w i s h c o n g r e s s a n d a p ? e d g e o n t h e p a r t o f
t h e m e m b e r s h i p t o c o o p e r a t e w i t h t h e C o m m i t t e e i n c a r r y -
i n g i n t o e f f e c t t h e p o l i c y r e c o m m e n d e d i n t h e r e p o r t o f
the Committee .
Mr . S t o l z s t a t e d t h a t , a l t h o u g h h i s r e s o l u t i o n i n c l u d e d
a p p r o v a l o f t h i s p o l i c y , y e t h e w a s w i l l i n g t o a c c e p t M r .
Na tal's a mendment .
T h e r e s o l u t i o n , a s a m e n d e d , w a s t h e r e u p o n p u t t o a v o t e
and unanimously adopted .
A d d r e s s b y N e v i l l e L a s k i , E s q.
Mr . N e v i l l e L a s k i , P r e s i d e n t o f t h e B o a r d o f D e p u t i e s
of British Jews and co-Chairman of the joint Foreign
Committee, London, who was on a visit to the United
S t a t e s , a d d r e s s e d t h e m e e t i n g . Th e full text of Mr .
L a s k i ' s a d d r e s s i s g i v e n o n p p . 1 0 3 - 1 1 0 b e l o w .
A f t e r n o o n S e s s i o n
At the request of Dr. Adler, Judge Irving Lehman, a
v i c e p r e s i d e n t o f t h e C o m m i t t e e , p r e s i d e d a t t h e a f t e r n o o n
s e s s i o n o f t h e m e e t i n g .
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Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting 2 1
Repo rt o f t h e T r e asu re r
Mr . S amue l D . Leidesdorf, the T rea surer, presented a
report of the financial condition of the C ommittee, which
was unanimously a ccepted . Th is repor t is appended .
R e po r t o f N o m i n a t i ng C o m m i t t e e
Th e President announced that , in pursuance of the usual
prac tice, he ha d, in advance of this meeti ng, appointed a
committee to nominate successor s to the off icer s and to
t h o s e m e m b e r s o f t h e E x e c u t i ve C o m m i t t e e w h o s e t e r m s
expire at this meeting. T h e n o m i n a t i ng c o m m i t t e e c o n-
siste d of the following : Mr. Roger W. St r a u s , o f N e wY o r k C i t y , C h a i r m a n ; a nd M e ss r s . Simon Bergma n, N ew
Y o r k C i t y ; A . J . Dimo nd, Eas t Or a nge ; Sol Kline, Chic a-
go ; Joseph B. Per ski e, Atlantic City ; and Ralph J .
S c h w a r z , N e w O r le a ns .
O n b e h al f o f R oge r W. Straus, ch air ma n, who could not
at tend this meet ing, Mr . Lewis L . Str auss pres ented the
following re port
F o r m e m b e r s o f t h e E x e c u t i ve C o m m i t t e e , t o s e r v e
for three yea rs, we recommend that the following, whose
term s expire today, be re-elected
Fred M. Butzel Fred Lazar us, Jr .
J a m e s Da v i s Ir ving Lehma n
H a r o ld H i r s c h Samuel D. Leidesdor fLouis E. Kirstein M ilton J . Ros enau
Ralph J. Schwa r z
For member ship on the Executive Committee to suc-
ceed the late M ax J . Kohler, Mr . George Z . Medalie, of
New York City .
For offi cers, we r ecommend the r e-election of the
present incumbents, nam ely, for Pre sident, Cy rus Adler ;
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Twenty-Eighth Annual M eet ing
A n n u a l R e p o r t , w h i c h h e d i d , a n d a n n o u n c e d t h e e l e c t i o n
o f t h e s e v e r a l n o m i n e e s .
Report on Organization Matters
On behalf of the Executive Committee, Mr . Morris D .
W a l d m a n , S e c r e t a r y , p r e s e n t e d t h e r e p o r t o n o r g a n i z a t i o n
m a t t e r s , w h i c h i s p r i n t e d o n p p . 7 7 t o 8 8 , b e l o w .
U p o n m o t i o n , d u l y s e c o n d e d , t h i s r e p o r t w a s a c c e p t e d .
Amendment of t he By-La ws
Upon motion, duly made and seconded, the r ecommen-
d a t i o n o f t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e f o r a m e n d m e n t s t o t h e
B y - L a w s , p r o v i d i n g f o r a n i n c r e a s e i n t h e m e m b e r s h i p o f
t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e , a n d f o r c h a n g e i n t h e d a t e o f
the Annual Meeting, was unanimously agreed to .
Mem orial Resolutions
Upon motion, duly ma de a nd sec onded, re solutions
adopted by the Executive Committee in memor y of de-
ceased members were unanimously approved by a rising
v o t e .
Upon motion, duly made and seconded, the following
r e s o l u t i o n i n m e m o r y o f t h e l a t e B a r o n E d m o n d d e R o t h s -
c h i l d o f F r a n c e , w a s u n a n i m o u s l y a d o p t e d
The America n Jewish Committee sha res with the
J e w i s h C o m m u n i t i e s t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d t h e g r e a t l o s s
t h a t t h e y h a v e s u f f e r e d i n t h e p a s s i n g o f B a r o n E d m o n d
d e R o t h s c h i l d . H i s g e n e r o s i t y i n l a y i n g t h e f o u n d a t i o n
o f t h e f i r s t s u b s t a n t i a l c o l o n i e s f o r t h e J e w s i n P a l e s t i n e
w a s i n s p i r e d b y a n e a r n e s t d e s i r e t o g i v e t h o u s a n d s o f
the distressed members of the Jewish community an
o p p o r t u n i t y t o r e c o n s t r u c t t h e i r l i v e s a n d t h e i r c a r e e r s
u n d e r m o r e f a v o r a b l e c o n d i t i o n s .
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24 The Americ an Jewish Committe e
T h e r e a l i z a t i o n t h a t t h e v a r i o u s d e e d s h e p e r f o r m e d
f o r t h e J e w r e f l e c t e d h i s d e e p l o v e f o r h i s c o - r e l i g i o n i s t s ,
g a i n e d f o r h i m t h e d e e p a f f e c t i o n o f h i s p e o p l e .
T h e b r e a d t h o f s y m p a t h y t h a t c h a r a c t e r i z e d a l l o f h i s
e n d e a v o r s a n d i n t e r e s t s w a s f u r t h e r i l l u s t r a t e d b y t h e
a s s i s t a n c e h e e x t e n d e d a n d t h e a m p l e p r o v i s i o n h e m a d e
f o r J e w i s h l e a r n i n g a n d f o r s c i e n t i f i c p u r p o s e s .
T h e n o t a b l e a c h i e v e m e n t s f o r t h e b e n e f i t o f h i s f e l l o w
J e w s , w i l l r e m a i n a p e r m a n e n t r e c o r d i n J e w i s h h i s t o r y
a n d h i s m u n i f i c e n t g i f t s t o s c i e n c e a n d a r t a n d t o t h e d e -
velopment of general culture will be remembered by
p o s t e r i t y w i t h g r a t e f u l a p p r e c i a t i o n .
The Amer ican Jewish Committ ee tenders to the fa m-
i l y o f B a r o n E d m o n d d e R o t h s c h i l d i t s d e e p s y m p a t h y .
Upon motion, adjourned .
MORRIS D. WALDMANS e c r e t a r y .
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Annual Repor t
of
Th e Executive Committee
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Annual Repor t of th e Exe cutive
C o m m i t t e e
T o t h e M e m b e rs o f t h e Am e ri c a n Jewis h C o m m i t t e e :
The s ituation of our bret hren in Germa ny a nd its reper-
cussions in other countri es, especia lly our o wn, continue
to be the chief concern of your Executive Committee . Themany problems pre s ented a r e car efully st udie d a nd
ear nestly discussed with a view to initiati ng actio n which
ma y lead to the ir solution, and fr equent meet ings of your
Committee a re held for these purposes . In additi on the
officer s and the executive staff confer with the many in-
dividuals and groups who, in the co urse of the y ea r, co me
with c onstructive suggesti ons . Our underly ing pri nciple
continues to be, as in the past, to do only th e things which,
in the considered opinion of your Co mmit tee, w i l l , d i r e c t l y
or indire ctly, help our fellow-Jews in Ger many, and whi c h
will strengthen the ca pacity of t he Jews in the United
States , to help the Jews of Germa ny a nd those of such
o t he r c o unt r i e s a s ha v e be e n adver s e ly a f f ec t ed b y t he
pernicious influence of Nazi fa lse doctr ines .
I. THE JEWISH SITUATION IN GERMANYTODAYC o nt r a r y t o s o m e r e p o r t s a n d rumo rs, t h e r e h as not
been any improvement in the si tuati on of the Jews of Ger-many . Indeed, the events of the past y ear show that the
men now in contr ol of the government ar e determ ined to
go fo rw a rd wit h t h e c omplet i on o f t h e program b egun in
Apri l 19 33 , of degra ding the Jews and Chr isti ans of Jew-
ish descent to a s tatus beneath tha t of aliens .
27
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28 The American Jewish Committee
Since the last annual meeting in December 1933, the
o n l y i m p o r t a n t s o - c a l l e d " l e g i s l a t i o n " w a s t h e p u b l i c a t i o n
j u s t a y e a r a g o o f a n e w l a b o r l a w , a b o l i s h i n g t h e e n t i r e
b o d y o f l a b o r l e g i s l a t i o n e n a c t e d u n d e r t h e E m p i r e a n d t h e
R e p u b l i c , d i s s o l v i n g l a b o r u n i o n s , p r o h i b i t i n g s t r i k e s a n d
l o c k o u t s , a n d v e s t i n g d i c t a t o r i a l p o w e r s i n d i s t r i c t t r u s t e e s ,
w h o s e d e c i s i o n s a r e f i n a l i n a l l l a b o r q u e s t i o n s a n d d i s -
p u t e s . T h o u g h n o t d i s c r i m i n a t i n g s p e c i f i c a l l y a s a g a i n s t
Jews, the new law provides th at only member s of the
German Labor Front, an exclusively so-called "Aryan"
body of employer s and workers, may be appointed hon-
o r a r y l a b o r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s i n c o m m e r c i a l a n d i n d u s t r i a l
e n t e r p r i s e s .
S u b s e q u e n t t o t h e p r o m u l g a t i o n o f t h i s e d i c t n o l e g i s l a -
t i o n o f a n y i m p o r t a n c e h a s b e e n a n n o u n c e d , b u t t h e r e h a v e
b e e n m a n y j u d i c i a l d e c i s i o n s a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e r e g u l a -
t i o n s w h i c h i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e e d i c t s w h i c h h a v e b e e n p l a c e d
on Germany's statute books ar e regarded by the courts
a n d t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e a u t h o r i t i e s a s s o m a n y g e n e r a l s u g -
g e s t i o n s w h o s e a p p l i c a t i o n i s l e f t e n t i r e l y t o t h e r e s o u r c e -
f u l n e s s a n d i n g e n u i t y o f t h e j u d i c i a l a n d e x e c u t i v e o r g a n s .
I n t h e c u r r e n t v o l u m e o f t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h Y e a r B o o k ,
n o l e s s t h a n 3 0 p a g e s a r e g i v e n o v e r t o a l i s t o f e v e n t s s e -
lecte d fr om ma ny, which s how mor e vividly th an any
g e n e r a l d e s c r i p t i o n t h e d i r e c t i o n w h i c h t h e m a l t r e a t m e n t
of Jews, and other so-called "non-Ary ans," is taking .
T h e s e e v e n t s i n c l u d e d s u c h h u m i l i a t i n g a c t i o n s a s r e q u i r -
i n g J e w i s h s t u d e n t s a t u n i v e r s i t i e s t o p r o c u r e r e g i s t r a t i o n
c a r d s o f a s p e c i a l co l o r ; l e g a l i z in g t h e c a nc e l l a t io n b y p u b -
l i s h e r s o f c o n t r a c t s w i t h J e w i s h a u t h o r s ; p r o h i b i t i n g J e w -
i s h d o c t o r s a n d d e n t i s t s , i n c i t i e s o f 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 o r o v e r ,
without excepting war veter ans, fro m employm ent by
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Report o f Exec utive Committee 2 9
health insura nce panels ; prohi biti ng Jewish law s tudents
fr om serving the apprenticeship requir ed of all applicants
for a dmission to the bar ; discha rging all Jewish em ploy ees
of the ra ilroa d administra tion ; exc luding Jewish medica l
students fr om clinics ; intr oducing a numer us claus us for
Jews in schools of ar t, music, pedagogy a nd social service ;
forcing Jewish children to give the Hi tler sa lute when
teacher s enter or leave classr ooms ; permitti ng employer s
to dismiss employees so lely on the gro und tha t they ar eJews ; ab olishing pensions for r etir ed rabbis ; ra iding hea d-
quarter s o f Jewish organizations ; for cing Jewish hi gh-
scho ol students to a ttend lectur es on "racia l science" which
teache s inferior ity of Jews ; for bidding Jewish youth or-
ganizat ions to wear any k ind of uniform ; c i r c u l a t i n g so ng-
book s fo r children containing such titles a s "Deat h to
Judah," "March to Berlin to Make Jews Feel OurStrength," and "Hitler is the Germans' Protector Against
the Jews" ; and many others .
These har assing restr ictions apply chief ly to Jews in
professi onal a nd aca demic fields . But Jews engaged in
business were also ma ltrea ted and abused . T h i s i s s h own
by the many appeals by Na zis leaders , fr om Hi tler down,
instruct ing the ir f ollowers not to interf ere with business
enterprise s in the ha nds of Jews . It is clear, however,
from the fact tha t such appeals are fre quently repeate d,
that th e more rabid National Socialists still have the upper
hand in this r espect, that s uch inter fer ence is goi ng on
continually, and that the government cannot effectively
chec k i t without em ba rk ing upon a policy which would be
in direc t oppositio n to a t re mendous number of their fol-
lowing, who ha d been prepar ed for such a nti-Jewish t a c t i c s
by thir teen years of persistent agitatio n .
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3 0 The American Jewish Committee
S u c h a g i t a t i o n s h o w s n o s i g n s o f a b a t e m e n t . I t i s i n -
d u l g e d i n b y t h e h e a d s o f t h e g o v e r n m e n t w h o a v a i l t h e m -
s e l v e s o f e v e r y o p p o r t u n i t y t o h e a p s l u r s a n d a b u s e o n t h e
Jews of Germany and on Jews everywhere else . Many
n e w s p a p e r s c o n t i n u e t o p u b l i s h d e f a m a t o r y a r t i c l e s o f a
m o s t v i r u l e n t t y p e . T h e l e a d e r s i n t h i s c h o r u s o f s c u r r i l i t y
a r e t h o s e p a p e r s w h i c h w e r e o r a r e s t i l l t h e p e r s o n a l m o u t h -
p i e c e s o f t h e N a z i l e a d e r s - t h e Voel kischer Beobachter,
f o r m e r l y e d i t e d b y H i t l e r ; t h e Angrif f , e d i t e d b y G o e b b e l s ;
t h e Westd eutscher Beobachter, e d i t e d b y R o b e r t L e y , t h e
h e a d o f t h e G e r m a n L a b o r F r o n t ; a n d Der Stuermer and
t h e Fraenkische Tageszeitung, e d i t e d b y J u l i u s S t r e i c h e r ,
Governor of Middle and Lower Franconia . B e s i d e s t h e
h a r a n g u e s o f o f f i c i a l s a n d t h e o u t b u r s t s o f t h e p r e s s , t h e
h u e a n d c r y a g a i n s t t h e J e w s i s t a k e n u p b y a n a r m y o f
w r i t e r s t h r o u g h a f l o o d o f p a m p h l e t s a n d b o o k s i n w h i c h
J e w s a r e h e l d u p t o s c o r n , r i d i c u l e , a n d o b l o q u y .
A f e w i l l u s t r a t i o n s w i l l s e r v e t o s h o w t h e c o n t e n t a n d
s h a m e l e s s n e s s o f t h i s p r o p a g a n d a . Earl y in November
193 4, i n a s p e e c h i n W e i m a r , A d o l f H i t l e r d e c l a r e d t h a t
h e r e j o i c e d t h a t t h e 6 0 , 0 0 0 r e f u g e e s , t o w h o m h e r e f e r r e d
a s c r i m i n a l s , a r e o u t o f G e r m a n y , a n d e x p r e s s e d t h e h o p e
t h a t m a n y m o r e w i l l f o l l o w . L a t e r i n t h e s a m e m o n t h ,
i n a n a d d r e s s b e f o r e t h e n e w l y - c r e a t e d N a t i o n a l H e a l t h
Committee, Dr . W i l h e l m F r i c k , M i n i s t e r o f t h e I n t e r i o r ,
d e c l a r e d i t t o b e t h e d u t y o f t h e m e m b e r s t o p u r i f y t h e
G e r m a n n a t i o n o f J e w i s h b l o o d m i x t u r e , t h r o u g h s t r i c t
a d h e r e n c e t o " r a c i a l " p r i n c i p l e s . I n D e c e m b e r , t h e M i n -
i s t r y o f t h e I n t e r i o r i s s u e d a p r e s s s t a t e m e n t e x p l a i n i n g
t h a t t h e G e r m a n r a c e p o l i c y a i m s o n l y a t J e w s a n d n o t a t
J a p a n e s e o r H i n d u s , w h i c h w e r e s t y l e d " a n c i e n t n a t i o n s o f
h i g h c u l t u r e . " I n e x t e n d i n g N e w Y e a r ' s g r e e t i n g s t o t h e
r e a d e r s of Der Stuermer . S t r e i c h e r e x p r e s s e d t h e h o p e
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Report of Executive Committee 3 1
that the year 19 34 would s ee the annihil ation of the Jews .
In J anuary 1 934, in a public ad dress in Upper Silesia,
Fran z von Papen, then Vice Chancellor, declared that
German y in tend s to proceed w ith the racia l policy a nd "to
make Jews disappear from public l ife in German y ." About
a week later, the same thought was expressed, in a news-
paper article, by Wil helm Kube, former leader of the Nazi
faction in the Pruss ian Diet, now governor of Bran den-
burg . A few d ay s l ater, in ch aracteristical ly intemperate
la ngua ge, Jul ius Streicher urged a boycott of not onl y
businesses owned by Jews , but also those formerly owned
by Jews an d transferred to non-Jews, even if such a boy-
cott sh ould result in further unemployment . In Febru-
ary, the Westdeutscher Beobachter, edited by Robert Ley,
declared that so long as a s ingle German remains unem-
ployed, the entrance of Jews into agriculture is impossible .
In April, in an article published in the journal of the Na-
tional Socialist Jurists Association, Dr . R. Foerer, Director
of the La w Courts, ad vocated that permis sion to marry
be accorded to only "race-pure, healthy, full -fledged Ger-
man citizens . "
Probably the most outrageous instance of anti-Jewish
propaga nda during the year was the publication in Ma y
19 34 of a s pecial "Ritual Murder Number" of Der
Stuermer in w hich virtual ly the entire paper was given
over to articles on this in famous accus ation, an d ch arges
that Jews are plan ning the most gruesome "ritual murder"
of Hitler and his followers . These articles w ere adorned
with shamelessly indecent illustrations . This publication wa s
permitted to pass without a word of public rebuke from the
government, but when, in J une, the Juedisches Famiilien-
b l a t t publish ed a special supplement refuting the ritual
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3 2 The American Jewish Committee
m u r d e r a c c u s a t i o n s o f Der Stuermer , the supplement was
c o n f i s c a t e d o n t h e g r o u n d t h a t i t w a s l i k e l y t o a r o u s e d i s -
q u i e t a m o n g t h e p o p u l a t i o n .
I n t h e m e a n t i m e , t h e l e g a l s t a t u s o f t h e J e w s a n d o t h e r
"non-Arya ns" rem ai ns undefined . T e c h n i c a l l y , i n s o f a r a s
t h e s o - c a l l e d " A r y a n p a r a g r a p h " d o e s n o t a p p l y t o t h e m ,
m e m b e r s o f t h e s e g r o u p s s t i l l r e t a i n t h e s t a t u s o f f u l l -
f l e d g e d c i t i z e n s ; a c t u a l l y , h o w e v e r , t h e y a r e d e p r i v e d o f
r i g h t s w h i c h a r e e n j o y e d e v e n b y a l i e n s i n a l l c i v i l i z e d
l a n d s . T h a t t h e g o v e r n m e n t h a s b e e n s t u d y i n g t h e s u b j e c t
i s i n d i c a t e d b y s t a t e m e n t s m a d e b y o f f i c i a l s o r o t h e r p e r -
s o n s c l o s e t o t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . Thus, in November 1933,
A l f r e d R o s e n b e r g , o f f i c i a l p h i l o s o p h e r o f t h e N a z i m o v e -
ment, declared that the government will recognize the
G e r m a n J e w s a s a n a t i o n a l m i n o r i t y w h e n t h e y a r e i s o l a t e d
in a special territory within Germany-in other words,
a g h e t t o . I n J a n u a r y 1 9 3 4 , H e l m u t N i c o l a i , p r e s i d e n t o f
the Government of M agdeburg, published a scheme f or
c i t i z e n s h i p i n t h e N a z i s t a t e i n w h i c h h e p r o p o s e d t h e
division of Germa ns into fo ur groups : ( 1 ) f u l l - b l o o d e d
"Ary an" Germ an cit izens ; ( 2 ) f o r e i g n e r s r e s i d i n g i n G e r -
m a ny ; (3) Germans residing abroad ; (4) Germa n citi-
z e n s o f " a l i e n " b l o o d , p a r t i c u l a r l y J e w s , P o l e s a n d g y p s i e s
of Germ an citizenship who shall have protect ion of the
Germa n state but ma y not hold public of fice, ma rr y
" A r y a n s " o r p r a c t i c e c e r t a i n p r o f e s s i o n s . I t w i l l b e n o t e d
t h a t t h i s p l a n , i n w h i c h " G e r m a n c i t i z e n s o f a l i e n b l o o d "
a r e t h e l o w e s t c l a s s , c o r r e s p o n d s t o t h e a c t u a l s i t u a t i o n o f
the Jews of Germ any who a re excluded from public
o f f i c e a n d f r o m p r a c t i c a l l y a l l p r o f e s s i o n s .
T h e r e s u l t s o f a l m o s t t w o y e a r s o f t h i s r u t h l e s s o p p r e s -
s i o n o f t h e J e w s a r e n o t a s w i d e l y k n o w n a s t h e y d e s e r v e t o
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Report o f Executive Committee 3 3
b e . A n n o u n c e m e n t s t h u s f a r m a d e i n d i c a t e t h a t i n S o u t h -
e r n W e s t p h a l i a a t o t a l o f 7 , 2 0 0 , a n d i n P r u s s i a n o l e s s
t h a n 1 0 , 0 0 0 J e w s w h o h a d b e e n n a t u r a l i z e d h a v e b e e n d e -
p r i v e d o f t h e i r c i t i z e n s h i p . R e c e n t l y i n a c a b l e d n e w s
d i s p a t c h t o t h e N e w Y o r k T i m e s , d a t e d B e r l i n , D e c e m -
b e r 8 , 1 9 3 4 , a c o m p r e h e n s i v e r e v i e w w a s g i v e n o f t h e s o c i a l
a n d e c o n o m i c h a v o c w h i c h h a s c o m e i n t h e w a k e o f t h e
N a z i a n t i - J e w i s h p o l i c i e s . T h e f i g u r e s g i v e n a r e e i t h e r
e s t i m a t e s o f t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e f o r R e l i e f a n d R e c o n -
s t r u c t i o n , e s t a b l i s h e d b y t h e J e w i s h c o m m u n i t y , o r o f f i c i a l
g o v e r n m e n t s t a t i s t i c s . F o l l o w i n g i s a b a l d o u t l i n e o f t h e
a p p a l l i n g f a c t s
Over 60,000 Ger man Jews and fr om 25 ,000 to 30,000
J e w s o f f o r e i g n n a t i o n a l i t y h a v e l e f t t h e c o u n t r y .
A b o u t 2 , 0 0 0 c i v i l e m p l o y e e s w i t h a c a d e m i c p r e p a r a t i o n
f o r t h e i r c a l l i n g s , h a v e b e e n d i s c h a r g e d .
A b o u t 4 , 0 0 0 J e w s i n v a r i o u s b r a n c h e s o f t h e l e g a l p r o -
f e s s i o n h a v e b e e n o u s t e d f r o m t h i s f i e l d .
A b o u t 4 , 0 0 0 p h y s i c i a n s h a v e b e e n e x c l u d e d f r o m t h e
health insurance service, from which 90% of German
p h y s i c i a n s d e r i v e t h e b u l k o f t h e i r p r o f e s s i o n a l i n c o m e .
( T h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e e s t i m a t e s t h a t 2 , 0 0 0 f o r m e r p h y -
s i c i a n s a r e n o w d e p e n d e n t o n c h a r i t y . )
T h e 1 0 , 5 0 0 J e w s f o r m e r l y e n g a g e d i n p u b l i c h e a l t h a n d
s o c i a l s e r v i c e h a v e b e e n d e p r i v e d o f t h e i r p o s i t i o n s .
N o f e w e r t h a n 8 0 0 c o l l e g e a n d u n i v e r s i t y p r o f e s s o r s
h a v e b e e n o u s t e d f r o m t h e i r p o s i t i o n s b e c a u s e t h e y a r e
"non-Aryans" ; o f t h i s n u m b e r , 3 5 0 h a v e b e e n d e p r i v e d
o f a l l g o v e r n m e n t a i d s i n c e O c t o b e r 1 , 1 9 3 3 .
O f t h e 1 , 2 0 0 J e w i s h t e a c h e r s i n s t a t e e l e m e n t a r y a n d
s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s , a l l b u t 3 0 0 h a v e b e e n d i s m i s s e d .
W i t h v e r y f e w e x c e p t i o n s , a l l o f t h e 1 , 2 0 0 J e w i s h j o u r -
n a l i s t s a n d w r i t e r s h a v e b e e n e x p e l l e d f r o m t h e i r p o s i t i o n s .
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3 4 The American Jewish Committee
A b o u t 2 , 0 0 0 J e w i s h a c t o r s , s i n g e r s , a n d v a u d e v i l l e a r -
t i s t s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m e m p l o y m e n t .
A l t h o u g h t h e a u t h o r i t i e s h a v e f o r b i d d e n i n t e r f e r e n c e
w i t h t h e b u s i n e s s o f J e w s , 3 0 , 0 0 0 o f t h e 8 0 , 0 0 0 J e w s e m -
p l o y e d i n b u s i n e s s f i r m s h a v e l o s t t h e i r p o s i t i o n s .
A t o t a l o f 3 5 , 0 0 0 a p p l i c a t i o n s f o r e m p l o y m e n t w e r e r e -
c e i v e d b y t h e J e w i s h e m p l o y m e n t b u r e a u i n B e r l i n , d u r i n g
t h e l a s t t h r e e m o n t h s o f 1 9 3 3 , c h i e f l y f r o m f o r m e r e m -
p l o y e e s of b a n k s , b u s i n e s s h o u s e s , a n d i n d u s t r i e s .
A t o t a l o f 9 0 , 0 0 0 s h o p k e e p e r s h a v e a p p l i e d f o r a s s i s t a n c e
t o t h e v a r i o u s J e w i s h e c o n o m i c a i d b u r e a u s .
S t u p e n d o u s a s t h i s c a l a m i t y i s , t h e J e w s o f G e r m a n y
h a v e n o t a l l o w e d t h e m s e l v e s t o y i e l d t o d e s p a i r . D i s -
m a y e d a n d h u m i l i a t e d b y t h e d e g r a d a t i o n t o w h i c h t h e y
h a v e b e e n s u b j e c t e d , t h e y a r e n e v e r t h e l e s s e n d e a v o r i n g ,
w i t h t h e t r a d i t i o n a l t e n a c i t y a n d f o r t i t u d e o f o u r p e o p l e
i n t h e f a c e o f d i s a s t e r t o a d j u s t t h e m s e l v e s a s m u c h a s
c o n d i t i o n s p e r m i t , t o t h e i r n e w s i t u a t i o n . T h e y h a v e s e t u p
a c e n t r a l r e p r e s e n t a t i v e b o d y c o m p r i s i n g d e p a r t m e n t s f o r
r e l i e f , f i n a n c i a l a i d t o b u s i n e s s m e n , r e t r a i n i n g o f t h e u n -
e m p l o y e d f o r o c c u p a t i o n s w h i c h a r e n o t y e t u n d e r t h e b a n ,
t h e p r o m o t i o n o f c u l t u r a l a c t i v i t i e s , r e p a t r i a t i o n o f f o r e i g n
J e w s , e m i g r a t i o n , a n d s e t t l e m e n t i n P a l e s t i n e . The com-
m u n i t y h a s f o u n d i t n e c e s s a r y t o e s t a b l i s h a s c h o o l s y s t e m
o f i t s o w n f o r t h e e d u c a t i o n o f i t s c h i l d r e n , f o r w h o m
a t t e n d a n c e a t p u b l i c s c h o o l s i s f r e q u e n t l y m a d e i n t o l e r -
a b l e . A l r e a d y 1 5 , 0 0 0 o f t h e 6 0 , 0 0 0 J e w i s h c h i l d r e n o f
e l e m e n t a r y a n d s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l a g e a r e b e i n g i n s t r u c t e d
i n t h e s e s c h o o l s w h i c h , i n c i d e n t a l l y , g i v e e m p l o y m e n t t o a
l a r g e n u m b e r o f t h e J e w i s h t e a c h e r s o u s t e d f r o m t h e i r
p o s i t i o n s i n t h e s t a t e s c h o o l s .
I n t h e s e e f f o r t s a t a d j u s t m e n t , t h e J e w i s h c o m m u n i t y
d o e s n o t a l w a y s h a v e t h e c o o p e r a t i o n o f t h e a u t h o r i t i e s .
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Report of Executive Committee 3 5
D i f f i c u l t i e s a r e e n c o u n t e r e d e s p e c i a l l y i n e f f o r t s t o t r a i n
Jews for far m work . T h e s e a r e m e e t i n g v i g o r o u s o p p o -
s i t i o n f r o m N a z i q u a r t e r s . I n N o v e m b e r 1 9 3 3 , t h e M u n i c h
L a n d p o s t , o r g a n o f N a z i p e a s a n t s , p r i n t e d a w a r n i n g t o
J e w s n o t t o t r a i n f o r a g r i c u l t u r e b e c a u s e G e r m a n s o i l b e -
l o n g s t o G e r m a n s o n l y , a n d a d v i s e d t h e m t o l e a v e G e r m a n y
a l t o g e t h e r . A J e w i s h l a n d o w n e r i n M e c k l e n b u r g , w h o e m -
ployed a number of young Jews, was ar rested by the
S e c r e t P o l i c e a n d ' o n l y r e l e a s e d w h e n h e u n d e r t o o k t o d i s -
m i s s a l l t h e s e J e w s . T h e C h a m b e r o f A g r i c u l t u r e f o r t h e
P r o v i n c e o f B r a n d e n b u r g h a s i s s u e d i n s t r u c t i o n s t o a l l
p e a s a n t s t h a t o n l y " A r y a n s " a r e t o b e a d m i t t e d f o r t r a i n -
i n g i n l a n d w o r k . A t G i e s s e n i n H e s s e n t h e p e a s a n t s
w e r e t h r e a t e n e d t h a t t h e y w o u l d b e b o y c o t t e d i f t h e y d i d
n o t d i s m i s s a l l t h e J e w s w h o m t h e y h a d i n t r a i n i n g .
D e s p i t e t h e s e d i f f i c u l t i e s , t h e J e w s o f G e r m a n y a r e
c o u r a g e o u s l y p r o c e e d i n g i n t h e i r e f f o r t s t o a d a p t t h e m -
s e l v e s t o t h e d e p l o r a b l e c o n d i t i o n s w h i c h h a v e b e e n f o r c e d
upon them . A n d t h e o n l y v o i c e w h i c h c o n d e m n s t h i s u n -
p r e c e d e n t e d i n j u s t i c e i s t h e v o i c e o f r e l i g i o n , e x p r e s s e d a t
g r e a t r i s k b y c o u r a g e o u s P r o t e s t a n t M i n i s t e r s a n d R o m a n
C a t h o l i c p r e l a t e s .
As has already been reported to you, the American
J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e h a s b e e n w a t c h i n g e v e n t s i n G e r m a n y
n o t o n l y d u r i n g t h e r e c e n t c r i s i s , b u t f o r a n u m b e r o f
y e a r s p r e c e d i n g i t . S e v e r a l t r i p s w e r e m a d e b y t r a i n e d
i n v e s t i g a t o r s a n d m e m b e r s o f T h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m -
m i t t e e i n 1 9 2 8 , 1 9 2 9 , 1 9 3 0 , 1 9 3 1 a n d 1 9 3 2 a s w e l l a s i n
t h e p a s t y e a r , 1 9 3 4 . On a number of occ asions the
C o m m i t t e e c a l l e d s p e c i a l c o n f e r e n c e s t o d i s c u s s t h e G e r -
m a n s i t u a t i o n . A l l a l o n g , y o u r C o m m i t t e e h a s b e e n i n
c l o s e t o u c h w i t h t h e c o n d i t i o n s a n d h a s c o r r e s p o n d e d a n d
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3 6 T he American Jewish Committee
m e t w i t h t h e l e a d e r s o f r e s p o n s i b l e J e w i s h o r g a n i z a t i o n s
o f t h i s c o u n t r y a n d a b r o a d , i n a n e f f o r t t o u n d e r t a k e u s e f u l
a c t i o n . D i f f i c u l t a s t h e s i t u a t i o n i s , t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h
C o m m i t t e e h a s b r o u g h t i t s i n f l u e n c e , a n d w i l l c o n t i n u e t o
d o s o , i n b e h a l f o f t h e h a r a s s e d J e w s o f G e r m a n y .
I I. OTHER CENTERS OF INTEREST ABROADY o u r C o m m i t t e e h a s f o l l o w e d w i t h g r e a t c o n c e r n t h e
s p r e a d o f a n t i - J e w i s h d o c t r i n e s a n d t h e r i s e o f a n t i - J e w i s h
m o v e m e n t s i n v a r i o u s c o u n t r i e s . T h e a d v o c a t e s o f t h e s e
p r o g r a m s d i r e c t e d a g a i n s t t h e J e w s h a v e b e e n s t i m u l a t e d
b o t h b y t h e a p p a r e n t s u c c e s s o f t h e G e r m a n N a t i o n a l S o -
c i a l i s t s i n c a p t u r i n g p o l i t i c a l p o w e r a n d b y t h e p r o p a g a n d a
b e i n g s p r e a d i n m a n y c o u n t r i e s u n d e r t h e d i r e c t i o n o f t h e
N a z i f o r e i g n P r o p a g a n d a O f f i c e . E v e n i n G r e a t B r i t a i n ,
t h e B l a c k S h i r t s o f S i r O s w a l d M o s l e y r e a c h e d i n A p r i l
w h a t s i n c e h a s a p p e a r e d t o b e t h e p i n n a c l e o f t h e i r s u c c e s s
i n a t t r a c t i n g a c r o w d o f 1 0 , 0 0 0 t o a r a l l y i n R o y a l A l b e r t
Hall, London . M o s l e y d e c l a r e d t h a t h i s m o v e m e n t e x -
c l u d e d t h e J e w s " b e c a u s e a s a c l a s s t h e y a r e h o s t i l e t o u s . "
A s a r e s u l t o f t h e d i s g r a c e i n t o w h i c h H i t l e r i s m f e l l , f o l -
l o w i n g t h e e v e n t s o f t h e " b l o o d y w e e k - e n d " o f J u n e 3 0 ,
1 9 34 , a n d t h e w i t h d r a w a l o f t h e s u p p o r t o f L o r d R o t h e r -
m e r e ' s n e w s p a p e r s , t h e i n f l u e n c e o f M o s l e y ' s m o v e m e n t
h a s c o n s i d e r a b l y d e c l i n e d .
B u t t h e e f f e c t o f t h e N a t i o n a l S o c i a l i s t a n t i - J e w i s h
p r o p a g a n d a h a s b e e n m o s t h e a v i l y f e l t i n t h o s e c o u n t r i e s
adjacent to Germa ny which a re inhab ited' by German-
s p e a k i n g p e o p l e s a n d w h i c h t h e r e f o r e a r e c o n s i d e r e d o b -
j e c t s o f h e r t e r r i t o r i a l e x p a n s i o n ; n a m e l y , A u s t r i a , D a n -
z i g , a n d t h e S a a r B a s i n , a n d e v e n S w i t z e r l a n d . I t h a s
a l s o g i v e n f r e s h i m p e t u s t o e x i s t i n g a n t i - J e w i s h a g i t a t i o n
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Report o f Executive Committee 37
i n P o l a n d , R o u m a n i a , a n d s e v e r a l o t h e r c o u n t r i e s a t c o n -
s i d e r a b l e d i s t a n c e s f r o m G e r m a n y .
A u s t r i a
A u s t r i a , b o u n d b y t i e s o f l a n g u a g e a n d c u l t u r e t o G e r -
m a n y a n d s u f f e r i n g s e v e r e e c o n o m i c d i s t r e s s , h a s b e e n t h e
s c e n e o f s e r i o u s s t r u g g l e s i n w h i c h t h e w e l f a r e o f t h e J e w -
i s h p o p u l a t i o n w a s o f g r e a t c o n c e r n . C h a n c e l l o r D o l l f u s s
h a d , u p t o t h e t i m e o f h i s a s s a s s i n a t i o n , r e f u s e d t o a l l o w
N a z i a g i t a t i o n a g a i n s t t h e J e w i s h m e r c h a n t s , p r o f e s s i o n a l
p e o p l e , a n d s t u d e n t s t o g o u n c h a l l e n g e d . Although on
S e p t e m b e r 1 5 t h , 1 9 3 3 , h e h a d o u t l i n e d h i s p l a n s f o r a
" C h r i s t i a n - G e r m a n s t a t e o n F a s c i s t l i n e s , " h e g a v e u n -
e q u i v o c a l a s s u r a n c e s t h a t t h e r e w o u l d b e n o d i s c r i m i n a t i o n
a g a i n s t t h e J e w s . Y e t , t h e r e c a m e n o t i n f r e q u e n t t h r e a t s
t o t h e a l l e g e d J e w i s h " d o m i n a t i o n " o f A u s t r i a o n t h e p a r t
o f h i g h g o v e r n m e n t a n d C h u r c h o f f i c i a l s , i n c l u d i n g j u d g e
Ranzenhoffe r of the High Court . The timely warning
from George H . E a r l e , t h e n A m e r i c a n M i n i s t e r t o V i e n n a ,
a n d p u b l i c s t a t e m e n t s f r o m c e r t a i n C a t h o l i c b i s h o p s , a s
w e l l a s P r i n c e v o n S t a h r e m b e r g , l e a d e r o f t h e H e i m w e h r ,
t e n d e d t o c l e a r t h e a t m o s p h e r e . H o w e v e r , e a r l y i n t h e
s p r i n g o f 1 9 3 4 , c a m e r e p o r t s o f o p e n d i s c r i m i n a t i o n a g a i n s t
J e w i s h d o c t o r s , r a d i o a r t i s t s , b a n k c l e r k s , e t c . ; a n d t h e
s e r i o u s e c o n o m i c s i t u a t i o n o f t h e V i e n n e s e J e w s w a s r e -
v e a l e d o n P a s s o v e r w h e n 3 0 , 0 0 0 o f t h e 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 J e w i s h
f a m i l i e s i n t h e c i t y w e r e f o r c e d t o s e e k r e l i e f . A f t e r
C h a n c e l l o r D o l l f u s s h a d b e e n m u r d e r e d b y A u s t r i a n N a z i s
i n a n a t t e m p t e d r e v o l u t i o n , D r . K u r t S c h u s c h n i g g , M i n -
i s t e r o f E d u c a t i o n i n t h e D o l l f u s s C a b i n e t , w a s c h o s e n
C h a n c e l l o r .
A l t h o u g h C h a n c e l l o r S c h u s c h n i g g ' s a c c e s s i o n t o p o w e r
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3 8 The American Jewish Committee
left the Jewish community somewhat apprehensive be-
c a u s e o f t h e g r o w i n g s t r e n g t h o f t h e N a z i m o v e m e n t , h e
p r o c l a i m e d h i s d e s i r e t o f o l l o w i n t h e f o o t s t e p s o f h i s
m a r t y r e d p r e d e c e s s o r . I n a n i n t e r v i e w i n G e n e v a a f t e r
t h e m e e t i n g o f t h e L e a g u e o f N a t i o n s ' A s s e m b l y , h e d e -
c l a r e d
" T h e r e i s e q u a l i t y f o r a l l a c c o r d i n g t o t h e i r o u t w a r d a n d
i n w a r d a t t i t u d e t o w a r d t h e S t a t e a n d s o c i e t y . T h u s , r e -
p o r t s o f d i s c r i m i n a t o r y t r e a t m e n t c u r r e n t a b r o a d a r e n o t
t r u e . I t i s t r u e , h o w e v e r , t h a t t h e s p e c i f i c c h a r a c t e r o f
t h e J e w i s h q u e s t i o n i n V i e n n a i s p r i m a r i l y d u e t o t h e
p o l i t i c a l c o n d i t i o n o f t h e p o s t - w a r n a t u r a l i z a t i o n s y s t e m ,
s t r e n g t h e n e d b y t h e J e w i s h i n f l u x f r o m e a s t e r n E u r o p e .
A s a c o n s e q u e n c e , t h e r e h a s b e e n a c e r t a i n r e a c t i o n , b u t
t h e l a w p r o t e c t s a l l c i t i z e n s e q u a l l y i f t h e y a r e l o y a l . "
N e v e r t h e l e s s , s i n c e C h a n c e l l o r S c h u s c h n i g g ' s a c c e s s i o n ,
y o u r C o m m i t t e e h a s b e e n f o r c e d t o t a k e n o t i c e o f t h e a p -
p a r e n t l y g r o w i n g d i s c r i m i n a t i o n a g a i n s t J e w i s h p r o f e s -
s i o n a l m e n a n d b u s i n e s s p e o p l e w h i c h i s e x p r e s s e d i n p r a c -
t i c e i f n o t b y l e g i s l a t i o n . Although the new regime is
s u b j e c t t o t h e m o s t i n t e n s e p r e s s u r e f r o m N a t i o n a l S o -
c i a l i s t c i r c l e s , a s s u r a n c e s h a v e b e e n g i v e n o f t h e d e s i r e o n
t h e p a r t o f t h e p r e s e n t g o v e r n m e n t t o s a f e g u a r d a n i n d e -
p e n d e n t A u s t r i a . I n s p i t e o f t h e d i s t u r b i n g r e p o r t s o f
v a r i o u s d i s c r i m i n a t i o n s a g a i n s t J e w s , w e h a v e v e r y r e -
c e n t l y r e c e i v e d s o m e w h a t r e a s s u r i n g a d v i c e s f r o m a h i g h l y
a u t h o r i t a t i v e a n d i n f l u e n t i a l s o u r c e w h i c h l e a d s u s t o h o p e
t h a t i n s p i t e o f t h e N a z i p r e s s u r e o n t h e p u b l i c a u t h o r i t i e s
i n t h a t c o u n t r y , t h e p o s i t i o n o f t h e J e w s w i l l n o t b e a d -
v e r s e l y a f f e c t e d . A n d , w h i l e r e c e n t r e p o r t s o f d i s c r i m i n a -
t i o n a t a V i e n n a H o c h s c h u l e m a y j u s t i f y s o m e m i s g i v i n g s ,
t h e o p i n i o n p r e v a i l s t h a t s u c h e v e n t s a r e o n l y s i n g l e c a s e s
w h i c h w i l l n o t p e r m i t g e n e r a l i z a t i o n .
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Report of Executive Committee 3 9
In the m e anti m e, your Committee ha s e nde a vo r ed to
kee p in close touch b oth with Jewish a nd non-Jewish or -
ganizat ions and individuals, has h ad a number of c onfer -
ences on the s ubject , and ha s s u b m i t t e d i t s r e c o m -
mendat ions and proposals for the a dvice a nd considera tion
of the jo int Council of the America n Jewish Committee ,
the Amer ica n Jewish Congres s, and the B'nai B'ri th .
Poland
Th e sit uati on of the Jews in Poland ha s continued to
engage your Committee' s close a ttention . Ear ly in July,
the Secretar y of the Committee paid a visit to that coun-
try , and conferr ed with a number of leaders . His visit
was followed later in the summer by a visit of Mr . Neville
Laski , co-chair man of the joint Foreign Committee . ThePolish government had ma de str enuous eff or ts to prevent
the violent agitatio n of the Endek s, (Na tional Democr at ic
Par ty) a political par ty with a n avowed anti-Jewish pro-
gram. Despite the signing of a non-aggre ssio n pac t withG e r m a ny , a n a c t w h i c h w a s c o m m o n ly r e ga r de d a s s i g -
nifyi ng a c ha nge in Polish f or eign policy, th e Na zi ex-
am ple was not followed by th e Gover nment . On Feb rua r y
11, 1 934, Bronislaw Piera cki, Mi nister o f Interior, de-
clared in the Sejm t hat the government would not t olerat e
"ra ce a nd national conflicts because they are alien to th e
histo ric al spiri t of t he Polish people . " Ye t, the gover n-
ment was consta ntly subje cte d to th e politi ca l influence of
the a nti-Jewish parti es .
In the spring of 1 93 4, the y outhful elements in the
Endek s or ganized a nat ional ra dica l par ty, k nown as the
N a r a , de m a nding i m m e d i a t e e l i m i n a t i o n o f Jews fromcit izenship and pro fes sio nal and public life . Th is intense
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T h e A n w r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e
p r o p a g a n d a a n d a g i t a t i o n r e s u l t e d i n t h e a s s a s s i n a t i o n o n
J u n e 1 5 , o f C o l o n e l B r o n i s l a w P i e r a c k i w h o h a d o p p o s e d
t h e g r o w t h o f a n t i - S e m i t i s m . W h o l e s a l e a r r e s t s o f t h e
N a r a l e a d e r s f o l l o w e d , a n d t h e g o v e r n m e n t s u p p r e s s e d t h e
N a r a m o v e m e n t a n d f o r b a d e t h e p u b l i c a t i o n o f i t s o f f i c i a l
o r g a n .
T h e d e s p e r a t e e c o n o m i c c o n d i t i o n o f t h e P o l i s h J e w s i s
g r o u n d f o r p r o f o u n d a n x i e t y . In a me mor andum sub-
mitt ed to the Government, the Jewish Economic Com-
m i t t e e o f W a r s a w d e c l a r e d t h a t b e t w e e n 6 0 a n d 8 0 p e r
c e n t o f J e w i s h w o r k e r s a r e u n e m p l o y e d , 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 J e w i s h
f a m i l i e s a r e l i v i n g b e l o w t h e p o v e r t y l i n e , 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 J e w i s h
f a m i l i e s a r e u t t e r l y d e s t i t u t e ; a n d J e w i s h p r o f e s s i o n a l
p e o p l e a r e f i n d i n g i t i n c r e a s i n g l y d i f f i c u l t t o e a r n a l i v e l i -
hood . I n a n a d d r e s s t o t h e C e n t r a l O r g a n i z a t i o n o f J e w i s h
M e r c h a n t s i n W a r s a w , l a s t A p r i l , o n e o f t h e J e w i s h l e a d e r s
d e c l a r e d t h a t 75% o f t h e J e w s l i v i n g i n s m a l l t o w n s a r e
n e a r s t a r v a t i o n .
T h e f o r e i g n p o l i c y o f P o l a n d h a s u n d e r g o n e s u b s t a n t i a l
c h a n g e d u r i n g t h e p a s t y e a r . I t a p p e a r s n o w t h a t s h e i s
p u r s u i n g a p o l i c y i n d e p e n d e n t o f F r a n c e , h e r s u p p o s e d
a l l y . T h e n o n - a g g r e s s i o n p a c t w i t h G e r m a n y h a s a l r e a d y
b e e n r e f e r r e d t o . H o w e v e r , t h e C o m m i t t e e h a s b e e n a s -
s u r e d b y h i g h o f f i c i a l s o f t h e P o l i s h g o v e r n m e n t t h a t t h i s
d o e s n o t i m p l y a n a c c e p t a n c e o f t h e d o m e s t i c p o l i c i e s o f
t h e N a t i o n a l S o c i a l i s t g o v e r n m e n t , o r s y m p a t h y w i t h i t s
a i m s , a n y m o r e t h a n P o l a n d ' s t r e a t y w i t h S o v i e t R u s s i a
w o u l d s i g n i f y a n a c c e p t a n c e o f h e r f o r m o f g o v e r n m e n t .
A n d y e t , w h e n d u r i n g t h e s e s s i o n s o f t h e L e a g u e A s s e m b l y
in Septembe r, Foreign Ministe r Beck a nnounced that
" P e n d i n g t h e b r i n g i n g i n t o f o r c e o f a g e n e r a l a n d
u n i f o r m s y s t e m f o r t h e p r o t e c t i o n o f m i n o r i t i e s , m y
g o v e r n m e n t f i n d s i t s e l f c o m p e l l e d t o r e f u s e a s f r o m
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Report of Exec utive Commi ttee 41
t o d a y a l l c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n
t h e m a t t e r o f s u p e r v i s i o n o f t h e a p p l i c a t i o n b y P o l a n d
o f a s y s t e m o f m i n o r i t y p r o t e c t i o n , "
f e a r s w e r e e x p r e s s e d t h a t t h e J e w i s h m i n o r i t y i n P o l a n d
w o u l d s u f f e r . H o w e v e r , a s s u r a n c e s w e r e g i v e n t h a t t h i s
d e c l a r a t i o n w a s i n n o w i s e d i r e c t e d a g a i n s t t h e m . P o l i s h
J e w i s h l e a d e r s a n d n e w s p a p e r s e x p r e s s e d r e g r e t a t t h e l o s s
o f t h i s s a f e g u a r d a n d s y m b o l , a l t h o u g h t h e y g e n e r a l l y
a g r e e d t h a t i n p r a c t i c e i t h a d m e a n t l i t t l e . A s a m a t t e r o f
f a c t , h o w e v e r , t h e J e w s o f P o l a n d d o e n j o y m a n y r i g h t s
w h i c h w e r e d e n i e d t h e m u n d e r t h e T s a r i s t g o v e r n m e n t ,
a n d t h e g r e a t p r o b l e m o f t h e J e w i s h m i n o r i t y i s a n e c o -
n o m i c a n d s o c i a l , r a t h e r t h a n a l e g a l , o n e . For ma ny
m o n t h s p a s t t h e r e h a v e b e e n f r e q u e n t r e p o r t s o f t h e d i s -
t r e s s i n g e c o n o m i c c o n d i t i o n s o f t h e J e w i s h p o p u l a t i o n o f
P o l a n d a n d s e v e r e c r i t i c i s m o f t h e P o l i s h g o v e r n m e n t ,
c h a r g i n g t h a t t h e g o v e r n m e n t n o t o n l y h a s f a i l e d t o i m -
p r o v e t h e i r c o n d i t i o n s b u t h a s a c t u a l l y p u r s u e d a d e l i b e r a t e
p o l i c y o f d i s c r i m i n a t i o n a g a i n s t t h e J e w s . C o m p l a i n t s o f
t h e s a m e t e n o r w e r e s u b m i t t e d b y s o m e J e w i s h d e p u t i e s
i n t h e P o l i s h P a r l i a m e n t w h o h a v e c a l l e d a t t e n t i o n t o t h e
e x c e s s i v e l y d i s p r o p o r t i o n a t e b u r d e n o f t a x a t i o n p l a c e d
u p o n t h e u r b a n p o p u l a t i o n , o f w h i c h t h e J e w s c o n s t i t u t e
a h i g h p e r c e n t a g e . S t r i c t u r e s h a v e a l s o b e e n m a d e a t t h e
g o v e r n m e n t ' s f a i l u r e t o e m p l o y J e w s i n i t s s e r v i c e a n d i n
g o v e r n m e n t i n d u s t r i a l m o n o p o l i e s .
T h o u g h t h e P o l i s h g o v e r n m e n t h a s f a i l e d t o s a t i s f y t h e
m a j o r c o m p l a i n t s o f t h e J e w i s h c i t i z e n r y , a m o r e s e a r c h i n g
s t u d y o f t h e P o l i s h J e w i s h p r o b l e m s h o u l d b e m a d e , a n d a
f u l l e r r e a l i z a t i o n o f t h e c o m p l e x i t i e s i n v o l v e d s h o u l d b e
b o r n e i n m i n d . T h a t t h e e c o n o m i c c o n d i t i o n o f t h e P o l i s h
J e w s i s d e s p e r a t e , i s u n h a p p i l y t r u e . U n d o u b t e d l y , t o o ,
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42 The American Jewish Committee
t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c i a l s e x e r c i s e d i s c r i m i n a t i o n f r o m
t i m e t o t i m e a n d c e r t a i n l e g i s l a t i o n b e a r s w i t h p a r t i c u l a r
hardship upon Jews . A t t a c k s o n t h e g o v e r n m e n t , h a v e
f a i l e d t o t a k e i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n e i t h e r t h e e c o n o m i c d i f f i -
c u l t i e s o f P o l a n d i n g e n e r a l o r t h e s p e c i a l d i l e m m a w i t h
w h i c h t h e p r e s e n t g o v e r n m e n t i s f a c e d .
T h e p o l i c y o f t h e P o l i s h g o v e r n m e n t s h o w s p l a i n l y a
p r e f e r e n c e f o r t h e a g r i c u l t u r a l o v e r t h e u r b a n i n t e r e s t s .
T h e g o v e r n m e n t i s a l s o i n f l u e n c e d b y i t s d e s i r e t o p u r s u e
a n i n d e p e n d e n t c o u r s e i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l m a t t e r s . F i n a l l y ,
t h e g o v e r n m e n t i s s e v e r e l y h a n d i c a p p e d b e c a u s e o f t h e
p r e v a i l i n g e c o n o m i c d e p r e s s i o n i n P o l a n d . We believe
t h a t t h e g o v e r n m e n t o f P o l a n d r e c o g n i z e s i n t h e J e w i s h
p o p u l a t i o n o n e o f t h e c o u n t r y ' s m o s t v a l u a b l e a s s e t s , t h e
m o r e s o s i n c e t h e y a r e a m i n o r i t y w i t h o u t i r r e d e n t i s t a m -
b i t i o n s . A s a t i s f i e d J e w i s h p o p u l a t i o n w o u l d i m m e a s u r -
a b l y s t r e n g t h e n t h e g o v e r n m e n t ' s p o s i t i o n i n P o l a n d a n d
w i t h J e w i s h c o m m u n i t i e s i n o t h e r c o u n t r i e s . We ha ve
r e c e i v e d a s s u r a n c e s f r o m h i g h g o v e r n m e n t o f f i c i a l s h e r e
a n d a b r o a d t h a t t h e a u t h o r i t i e s a r e a w a r e o f t h e l i a b i l i t y
t o t h e s t a t e o f l a r g e m a s s e s o f u n e m p l o y e d a n d d i s s a t i s f i e d
p e o p l e . A p a r t , t h e r e f o r e , f r o m a n y p e r s o n a l v i e w s t h a t
m a y b e e n t e r t a i n e d b y i n d i v i d u a l o f f i c i a l s , c o n s i d e r a t i o n
o f s t a t e w o u l d d i c t a t e a p o l i c y o f h e l p f u l n e s s t o t h e J e w s .
S u c h a p o l i c y , h o w e v e r , i s i m p e d e d b y t h e f a c t t h a t a
vigorous and vehement opposition to the government
s t a n d s r e a d y a t a l l t i m e s t o e x p l o i t f o r i t s o w n p o l i t i c a l
e n d s e v e r y m a n i f e s t a t i o n o f t h e g o v e r n m e n t ' s c o n c e r n f o r
i t s J e w i s h c i t i z e n s . T h u s , e v e n i f e c o n o m i c c o n d i t i o n s
c o u l d m a k e i t p o s s i b l e f o r t h e g o v e r n m e n t t o o p e n t i p t h e
d o o r s w i d e l y t o c i v i l s e r v i c e , o r t o r e l i e v e t h e u r b a n p o p u -
l a t i o n o f t a x a t i o n b y s h i f t i n g t h e b u r d e n o f t a x a t i o n m o r e
l a r g e l y o n t h e p e a s a n t r y , o r s u b s t a n t i a l l y t o i n c r e a s e p u b l i c
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Report of Exec utive Commi ttee 43
a p p r o p r i a t i o n s f o r J e w i s h s c h o o l s a n d c h a r i t a b l e i n s t i t u -
t i o n s , t h o s e m e a s u r e s w o u l d b e e a g e r l y c a p i t a l i z e d b y t h e
o p p o s i t i o n p a r t y . B e c a u s e o f t h e w i d e s p r e a d p r e j u d i c e s
p r e v a i l i n g a m o n g t h e p o p u l a t i o n , a n y c o n s p i c u o u s m a n i -
f e s t a t i o n o f p r o - J e w i s h s y m p a t h i e s o n t h e p a r t o f t h e g o v -
e r n m e n t w o u l d f u r n i s h a n e f f e c t i v e w e a p o n t o t h e o p p o s i -
t i o n i n t h e i r e f f o r t s t o o v e r t h r o w i t . Th e government is
t h u s i m p a l e d o n t h e h o r n s o f a d i l e m m a .
S i n c e t h e s i t u a t i o n i s m o s t c o m p l i c a t e d a n d d i f f i c u l t , i t
c a n , i n t h e o p i n i o n o f t h e C o m m i t t e e , o n l y b e a g g r a v a t e d
b y t h e b a r r a g e o f c r i t i c i s m a n d a b u s e o f t h e g o v e r n m e n t ,
e s p e c i a l l y o n t h e p a r t o f J e w s o u t s i d e o f P o l a n d . This
v i e w h a s a l s o b e e n e x p r e s s e d w i t h i n P o l a n d i t s e l f b y D o c -
t o r J o s h u a T h o n , P r e s i d e n t o f t h e C l u b o f J e w i s h D e p u t i e s
i n t h e P o l i s h S e j m , w h o , i n a n a d d r e s s b e f o r e t h a t b o d y
o n N o v e m b e r 6 , 1 9 3 4 , p o i n t e d o u t t h a t n e i t h e r t h e p o l i t i c a l
s i t u a t i o n o f t h e J e w i s h m i n o r i t y n o r t h e i r e c o n o m i c h a r d -
s h i p s w e r e p u r e l y J e w i s h q u e s t i o n s .
W e p r o p o s e , a s h e r e t o f o r e , t o c o n t i n u e t o w a t c h t h e
s i t u a t i o n o f o u r b r e t h r e n i n P o l a n d a n d t o m a k e s u c h
r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s a s e v e n t s m a y d i c t a t e . A t t h e s a m e t i m e ,
w e r e a l i z e t h a t J e w i s h o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e w e l -
f a r e o f t h e J e w s o f P o l a n d m u s t c o n c e r n t h e m s e l v e s w i t h
c o n s t r u c t i v e m e a s u r e s t o i m p r o v e t h e e c o n o m y o f P o l a n d
a n d t o h e l p i n a n y w a y t h e y c a n t o p r o m o t e t r a d e b e t w e e n
t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e c o u n t r i e s a n d P o l a n d . W e a r e c o n f i d e n t
t h a t t o t h e e x t e n t t h a t b u s i n e s s i n P o l a n d i s i m p r o v e d , t h e
e c o n o m i c s i t u a t i o n o f i t s J e w i s h p o p u l a t i o n w i l l b e i m -
p r o v e d . A l s o , w e b e l i e v e , a f a i r a n d h e l p f u l a t t i t u d e o n
t h e p a r t o f J e w s t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d i s l i k e l y t o e v o k e
m o r e s y m p a t h e t i c c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e p r o b l e m s o f t h e
Jewish population by the government and promote a
f r i e n d l i e r f e e l i n g t o w a r d t h e J e w s a m o n g t h e n o n - J e w i s h
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44 The American Jewish Committee
p o p u l a t i o n t h a t w i l l m a k e t h e m l e s s r e c e p t i v e t o t h e a g i t a -
t i o n o f t h e J e w - b a i t e r s .
Danzig
E v e r s i n c e t h e N a z i v i c t o r y i n G e r m a n y , t h e F r e e C i t y
o f D a n z i g , a l t h o u g h u n d e r t h e n o m i n a l c o n t r o l o f t h e
L e a g u e o f N a t i o n s a n d P o l a n d , h a s c o m e i n t o t h e N a t i o n a l
S o c i a l i s t o r b i t .T h e S e n a t e o f t h e F r e e C i t y h a s f a l l e n
u n d e r t h e d o m i n a t i o n o f t h e N a z i l e a d e r , A l b e r t F o r s t e r ,
a n d h a s b e e n m a d e p r a c t i c a l l y a d i s t r i c t o f t h e G e r m a n
p a r t y .
A s a r e s u l t , t h e N a t i o n a l S o c i a l i s t p r e s s i s g i v e n f r e e
r e i n ; a n d c o m p l a i n t s a r i s i n g o u t o f t h e p r o v o c a t i v e a t t i t u d e
o f t h e D a n z i g N a z i s a r e g i v e n l i t t l e c o n s i d e r a t i o n b y t h e
gover nment . T h e p r o f e s s i o n s a n d t r a d e s h a v e b e e n l a r g e l y
o r g a n i z e d o n a c o r p o r a t e b a s i s , a n d t h e A r y a n c l a u s e i s
w i d e l y a p p l i e d . A s y s t e m a t i c b o y c o t t a g a i n s t J e w i s h d o c -
t o r s , d e n t i s t s , a n d d r u g g i s t s i s h a v i n g a s e r i o u s e f f e c t o n
t h e e c o n o m i c l i f e o f t h e s e p e o p l e . F u r t h e r m o r e , t h e g o v -
e r n m e n t i s p r a c t i c a l l y a p p r o v i n g s u c h a p o l i c y b y r e m o v i n g
a l l J e w i s h m e m b e r s f r o m p u b l i c h e a l t h b o a r d s a n d m e d i c a l
chambers .
S a a r B a s i n
T h e S a a r B a s i n , w i t h i t s 9 7 p e r c e n t G e r m a n p o p u l a t i o n
a n d t h e s t r o n g p r o b a b i l i t y t h a t o n J a n u a r y 1 3 , 1 9 3 5 , i t
w o u l d b e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o t h e G e r m a n R e i c h , h a s , d e s p i t e
i t s p r e s e n t L e a g u e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , b e e n t h e s c e n e o f v i g o r -
o u s N a z i a g i t a t i o n . I n a n e f f o r t t o a s s u r e a v o t e f a v o r a b l e
t o G e r m a n y i n t h e p l e b i s c i t e , t h e N a t i o n a l S o c i a l i s t l e a d e r s
i n t h e S a a r h a v e n o t r e f r a i n e d f r o m s t i r r i n g u p a n t i - J e w i s h
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Report of Exec utive Commi ttee 45
f e e l i n g . T h e F r a n c o - G e r m a n d e c l a r a t i o n s o n t h e p r o t e c -
t i o n o f i n h a b i t a n t s o f t h e S a a r a f t e r t h e v o t e , h a v e g i v e n a t
l e a s t o n e y e a r ' s s e c u r i t y t o t h e J e w s , i n t h e e v e n t t h a t t h e
B a s i n i s t u r n e d o v e r t o G e r m a n y . A f t e r t h a t t i m e , h o w -
e v e r , t h e r e w i l l b e n o f o r m a l b a r t o t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f t h e
"Arya n paragraph . " A l r e a d y , m a n y o f t h e 4 , 0 0 0 J e w s i n
t h e T e r r i t o r y h a v e m a d e p r e p a r a t i o n s t o l e a v e .
T h e C o m m i t t e e h a s s t u d i e d t h i s s i t u a t i o n c l o s e l y , a n d i n
a g r e e m e n t w i t h o t h e r i m p o r t a n t J e w i s h o r g a n i z a t i o n s , h a s
r e f r a i n e d f r o m a n y a c t i o n , d i r e c t o r i n d i r e c t , i n t h e p l e b -
i s c i t e , t h i s b e i n g a n i n t e r n a l p o l i t i c a l m a t t e r , b u t h a s c o -
o p e r a t e d i n e f f o r t s t o s e c u r e p e r m a n e n t g u a r a n t e e s f o r
e q u a l p o l i t i c a l , r e l i g i o u s a n d e c o n o m i c r i g h t s o f i n h a b i t a n t s
o f t h e S a a r b e l o n g i n g t o m i n o r i t y e l e m e n t s i n t h e p o p u l a -
t i o n .
S w i t z e r l a n d
T h e G e r m a n p a r t s o f S w i t z e r l a n d h a v e , l i k e w i s e , f e l t t h e
e f f e c t s o f N a t i o n a l S o c i a l i s t d o c t r i n e s . H e r e , h o w e v e r ,
i t h a s b e e n p r i n c i p a l l y a p r e s s c a m p a i g n c e n t e r e d a b o u t a
f e w N a t i o n a l S o c i a l i s t a n d a n t i - J e w i s h n e w s p a p e r s . I n
o r d e r t o p r e v e n t t h e s p r e a d o f t h e l i b e l o u s s t a t e m e n t s m a d e
i n t h e s e p a p e r s , t h e S w i s s J e w i s h c o m m u n i t y h a s a s s i s t e d
c e r t a i n i n d i v i d u a l s i n b r i n g i n g a c t i o n a g a i n s t t h e s e p r o p a -
g a n d i s t s . A t B e r n e a n d B a s l e , s u i t s i n v o l v i n g t h e " P r o t o -
c o l s o f t h e E l d e r s o f Z i o n " h a v e b e e n s t a r t e d , a n d o n c e
m o r e i n o r d e r t o d e m o n s t r a t e t h e i r f a l s e , m a l i c i o u s , a n d
l i b e l o u s c h a r a c t e r , e x p e r t s s u c h a s C h a i m W e i z m a n n , P a u l
Miliukov, Count du Cha yla a nd Henri Sliosberg ha ve
g i v e n e v i d e n c e f o r t h e p l a i n t i f f s . Your Committee has
f u r n i s h e d t h e S w i s s c o m m u n i t y w i t h i n f o r m a t i o n g a t h e r e d
i n t h e c o u r s e o f i t s l o n g i n t e r e s t i n t h e q u e s t i o n .
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4 6 The American Jewish Committee
Roumania
T h e J e w s o f R o u m a n i a h a v e a l s o b e e n f o r c e d t o f a c e
a n a n t i - J e w i s h m o v e m e n t w h i c h i s a g a i n r e c u r r e n t a f t e r
s t i m u l a t i o n b y t h e e x a m p l e o f N a z i G e r m a n y . S e r i o u s
outbreak s, led by the forces of N icholas Cuza and
C o d r e a n u , h a v e t a k e n p l a c e . W h i l e a t t e n d i n g t h e s y n a -
g o g u e o n a F r i d a y , t h i r t y J e w i s h f a m i l i e s l i v i n g a t D a l a n -
c e a n a h e a r d t h e b e l l s o f a n e a r b y c h u r c h r i n g i n g a s a s i g n a l
f o r a n a n t i - J e w i s h a t t a c k o n t h e i r u n g u a r d e d h o m e s . D w e l l -
i n g s a n d s h o p s w e r e s a c k e d a n d g o o d s w e r e d e s t r o y e d .
T h o s e a c c u s e d o f i n s t i g a t i n g t h e a t t a c k w e r e f r e e d b y a
j u r y a t C z e r n o w i t z . R i t u a l m u r d e r a c c u s a t i o n s h a v e b e e n
m a d e i n t h e u r b a n p r e s s w i t h o u t i n t e r f e r e n c e f r o m t h e
gover nment . Further mor e, laws have been proposed
w h i c h w o u l d d i s c r i m i n a t e d e f i n i t e l y a g a i n s t t h e J e w s b y
l e g i s l a t i v e a c t i o n a n d s e t t h e m a p a r t f r o m t h e m a j o r i t y
p o p u l a t i o n . Dr . W i l l i a m F i l d e r m a n n , P r e s i d e n t o f t h e
U n i o n o f R o u m a n i a n J e w s , h a s a d d r e s s e d s e v e r a l l e t t e r s
t o t h e P r i m e M i n i s t e r a n d t o t h e K i n g w i t h r e f e r e n c e t o
t h e s e d i s c r i m i n a t o r y l a w s . U n t i l t h e a s s a s s i n a t i o n o f
Premier Ion Duca by t he anti-Jewish Iron Guard, the
g o v e r n m e n t h a d a t t e m p t e d t o s u p p r e s s m a n i f e s t a t i o n s o f
r a c i a l i n t o l e r a n c e . H i s d e a t h , a n d t h e s u b s e q u e n t r e l e a s e
o f t h o s e a c c u s e d o f p l o t t i n g i t , h a v e l e f t t h e J e w i s h c o m -
m u n i t y s o m e w h a t a p p r e h e n s i v e . We have been informed
t h a t t h e U n i t e d R o u m a n i a n J e w s i n t h i s c o u n t r y h a s m a d e
r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s t o t h e R o u m a n i a n L e g a t i o n i n W a s h i n g -
t o n , r e g a r d i n g l e g i s l a t i v e p r o p o s a l s w h i c h a r e l i k e l y t o
a f f e c t a d v e r s e l y t h e s i t u a t i o n o f J e w s i n R o u m a n i a .
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L a t v i a
Your C ommittee has had the opportunity o f getting
f i r s t - h a n d i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m s e v e r a l r e l i a b l e s o u r c e s a b o u t
c o n d i t i o n s i n L a t v i a . W i t h t h e a c c e s s i o n t o p o w e r o f K a r l
Ulmanis and a f ascist government under the slogan
" L a t v i a f o r L a t v i a n s , " v a r i o u s a c t s o f d i s c r i m i n a t i o n
a g a i n s t J e w s h a v e c o m e t o y o u r C o m m i t t e e ' s a t t e n t i o n .
S u b s i d i e s f o r J e w i s h c u l t u r a l e n t e r p r i s e s h a v e b e e n w i t h -
dra wn ; many Zionist leaders ha ve been imprisoned,
o s t e n s i b l y o n t h e g r o u n d o f t h e i r b e i n g S o c i a l i s t a g i t a t o r s ;
J e w i s h d o c t o r s a n d p r o f e s s i o n a l w o r k e r s h a v e b e e n d i s -
m i s s e d u n d e r s u s p i c i o u s c i r c u m s t a n c e s ; a n d , i n g e n e r a l , i t
a p p e a r s t h a t e f f o r t s a r e b e i n g m a d e t o r e s t r i c t t h e f r e e d o m
o f a c t i v i t y o f t h e L a t v i a n J e w s .
S o u t h A f r i c a
I n S o u t h A f r i c a , w h e r e t h e l a r g e G e r m a n p o p u l a t i o n
h a s b e e n s u b j e c t t o N a z i i n f l u e n c e , t h e f a l s i t y o f a n e w s -
p a p e r a l l e g a t i o n t h a t t h e J e w s h a d p l a n n e d t o c o n t r o l t h e
w o r l d w a s l a i d b a r e b y j u d i c i a l p r o o f . A l e a d e r o f a l o c a l
N a t i o n a l S o c i a l i s t c e l l c l a i m e d t o h a v e o b t a i n e d f r o m a
s y n a g o g u e a s e c r e t d o c u m e n t a l l e g i n g , i n l i n e w i t h t h e
n o t o r i o u s P r o t o c o l s , t h a t t h e J e w s p l o t t e d f o r t h e c o n t r o l
o f t h e u n i v e r s e . A f t e r e x a m i n i n g t h e e v i d e n c e , t h e C o u r t ,
i n a l o n g o p i n i o n , c o n c l u d e d t h a t t h e d e f e n d a n t w a s a h o p e -
l e s s f a n a t i c a n d " a n i g n o r a n t f o r g e r . " A s f o r t h e P r o t o -
c o l s o f t h e E l d e r s o f Z i o n , S i r T h o m a s G r a h a m , w h o d e -
l i v e r e d t h e j u d g m e n t o f t h e S u p r e m e C o u r t , c a l l e d t h e m
" a n i m p u d e n t f o r g e r y , o b v i o u s l y p u b l i s h e d f o r t h e p u r p o s e
o f a n t i - J e w i s h p r o p a g a n d a . " T h e S o u t h A f r i c a n g o v e r n -
m e n t h a s v i g o r o u s l y a c t e d t o s u p p r e s s a l l i n f l a m m a t o r y
Repor t of Executive Committee 47
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48 T h e A m e r i c an Je w i s h C o m m i t t e e
l i b e l s against the Jews ther e . T h e B o a r d o f J e w i s h Dep-
uties of South Afr ica has kept us continuously in f o r m e d
o f i t s a c t i v i t i e s .
L a t i n A m e r i c a n Countri es
Your C o m m i tt e e h as also c ollab o r at ed with t he C o m i t e
Contra las Perse cuciones Antise mita s en Alemania, of Bue-
nos Aire s, Argentina, in their work of educat ion and de-
fense of civil liber ties in South Ameri ca . B o t h i n the Ar gen-
tine and in Brazil, fascis t groups ha ve ca rr ied on c a mpaigns
against Jewish citi zens . In M e xi c o, t h e Ge rm a n M inis t e r
proteste d to the Government against the boycott carr ied
on b y t h e Jewish C h am b e r o f C o m m e rc e . The Chamberreta liate d by cha rging that the Hitler government was s up-
porti ng anti-Jewish propaganda i n Mexico.
CanadaIn Canada, a lso, Ger man Na tional Socia lism h a s f o und
f e r t i l e s o i l . Although t her e h ave been no organized politi-
cal par ties suppor ting Hi tlerit e principles, anti-Jewish
agita tio n ha s sprung up . Y ou r C o m m i t t e e i s c o ope r at ing
with the C anadian Jewish Congre ss in ref uting thr ough a
legal proce ss the old ri tual murder libel which ha d been
once more revived by a n anti-Jewish newspaper publish ed
in Winnipeg. The Court ha s ha nded down a t empor ar y i n -
junction against the printing of t he newspaper in question,
and an argument in suppor t of a perma nent injuncti on is
to be he ar d in the near future, on the ba sis o f a new law
adopted las t April b y t h e M a nit o b a Provinci al Legisla -
ture, wh i c h provides t h at any m e m b er o f a r ace or c reed
ma y apply to the courts for an injunction against the pub-
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Repor t o f Executive Committe'- 49
lication of libelous matters . Y o u r C o m m i t t e e h a s f u r -
nished mater ial and has offered legal advice to the plain-
t i f f ' s c o u n s e l .
Anti-Jewish Agita tion i n Salonik a
I n A p r i l 1 9 3 4 , i t w a s r e p o r t e d i n t h e p r e s s t h a t a v i o l e n t
anti-Jewish a gita tion had been launched by the Gre ek
newspape r M a k edoni a, p u b l i s h e d i n S a l o n i k a , t h e p r i n c i p a l
o rg an o f t h e E . E . E ., the Greek Na tionalist Liberty
Par ty . Recalling that when in 19 31 a similar agita tion by
the sa me newspaper ha d led to the destr uction of one of
the Jewish quarter s of the city by a mob which set it on
fir e, re ndering thousa nds of Jews ho meless, a nd tha t on
that occasion former premier Eleutherios Venizelos ha d
vigorously condemned the a gitat ion, a memb er of t he Co m-
mittee, personally acquainted with Mr . V e n i z e l o s , r e q u e s t e d
t h e l a t t e r t o u s e h i s i n f l u e n c e t o p u t a s t o p t o t h i s d a n g e r -
ous agitation . Several weeks later a report published in
the press stated that, in an interview with a deputation of
Jewish leaders, M r . Venizelos r epudiat ed the atta cks of
the E . E . E ., and pledged himse lf to wor k t o br ing ab out
the r emoval of existi ng antagonism of the Liber al Par ty,
of which he is leader, toward the Jews of Gree ce. Owingto this antagonism, the situation of our br ethren in Greece
is uncertain and req uires ca reful watching .
Russi a
In November 193 3, the Union of Or thodox Rabbi s of
the United States a nd Canada solicited the coopera tion of
your Commit tee on behalf of sixteen Jewish scholars, sev-
era l of them ra bbis, who ha d been sentenced by the Rus-
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5 0 T h e American Jewish Committee
s i a n g o v e r n m e n t t o t h r e e y e a r s ' i m p r i s o n m e n t a t h a r d
l a b o r o n t h e a l l e g e d c h a r g e o f a t t e m p t i n g t o l e a v e t h e
c o u n t r y i l l e g a l l y . A c c o r d i n g t o i n f o r m a t i o n g i v e n t o t h e
U n i o n o f O r t h o d o x R a b b i s , t h e m e n i n q u e s t i o n w e r e i n -
d u c e d b y a g e n t s o f t h e R u s s i a n s e c r e t p o l i c e t o a t t e m p t
t o l e a v e t h e c o u n t r y . I t w a s s t a t e d t h a t t h i s i s n o t a n u n -
u s u a l p r a c t i c e w h e r e t h e a u t h o r i t i e s w i s h t o f i n d a p r e t e x t
f o r t h e d e p o r t a t i o n o f p e r s o n s t h e y r e g a r d o b j e c t i o n a b l e ,
s u c h a s t h o s e i n v o l v e d i n t h i s c a s e , w h o p e r s i s t e d i n t h e i r
r e l i g i o u s s t u d i e s a n d o b s e r v a n c e s , w h i c h , t h o u g h n o t i l l e -
g a l , a r e n e v e r t h e l e s s b i t t e r l y o p p o s e d b y c e r t a i n e l e m e n t s
i n t h e S o v i e t r e g i m e . A f t e r t h e i r a r r e s t t h e s e s i x t e e n m e n
w e r e k e p t i n j a i l f o r e i g h t m o n t h s b e f o r e t r i a l . They were
u n a b l e t o s e c u r e c o u n s e l f o r t h e r e a s o n , w e w e r e i n f o r m e d ,
t h a t n o a t t o r n e y i s p e r m i t t e d t o d e f e n d a n y c l e r g y m a n o r
o t h e r e c c l e s i a s t i c a l f u n c t i o n a r y . Th e men wer e found
g u i l t y a n d s e n t e n c e d t o t h r e e y e a r s ' i m p r i s o n m e n t , w h e r e -
a s t h e u s u a l p e n a l t y f o r t h i s o f f e n s e i s i m p r i s o n m e n t f o r
f r o m t h r e e t o s i x m o n t h s .
The Union of Orthodox Rabbis r equested your Com-
m i t t e e t o c o o p e r a t e w i t h D r . W i l l i a m I . S i r o v i t c h , o f N e w
Y o r k C i t y , a m e m b e r o f t h e H o u s e o f R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s ,
w h o w a s t a k i n g a n i n t e r e s t i n t h e c a s e . The Committee
p r o m p t l y c o m m u n i c a t e d w i t h S e n a t o r R o b e r t F . Wagner
o f N e w Y o r k , a m e m b e r o f t h e S e n a t e C o m m i t t e e o n F o r -
e i g n R e l a t i o n s , w h o a t o n c e a g r e e d t o l o o k i n t o t h e m a t t e r .
A f e w d a y s l a t e r w e w e r e i n f o r m e d t h a t S e n a t o r W a g n e r
and Dr . S i r o v i t c h h a d r e c e i v e d w o r d f r o m t h e o f f i c e o f t h e
S o v i e t U n i o n B u r e a u i n W a s h i n g t o n , w h i c h h a d c o m m u n i -
c a t e d r e g a r d i n g t h e m a t t e r w i t h t h e S o v i e t G o v e r n m e n t ,
t h a t a c a b l e g r a m h a d b e e n r e c e i v e d s t a t i n g t h a t a l l t h e
p e r s o n s h e l d h a d a l r e a d y b e e n o r w e r e a b o u t t o b e r e l e a s e d .
E a r l y i n O c t o b e r a r e p o r t a p p e a r e d i n t h e A m e r i c a n
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Report of Exec utive C o m m i t t e e 5 1
press to th e effe ct tha t the Soviet Government had liber al-
ized its att itude toward cert ain groups of t he populat ion
for merly denied the r ight to vote, which implies depriva-
t i o n o f a nu m b e r o f e l e m e nt a r y h u m a n r igh t s . I t w a s
stat ed in this r eport tha t am ong the classes to whom the
fra nchise was r estored were members of the clergy .
Your Comm ittee secured a tra nslation of the decree of
O c t o b e r 1, 19 34, o f t h e Sovi e t C ent r al Exe cut ive C o m-
mitt ee r elating to electi ons to local and republican Soviets,
upon which this r eport is ba sed . A study of the text re-
vealed the fa ct tha t "former and present clergy of a l l
religions" are still not r eck oned amo ng those "who ea rn
thei r living by productive and socia lly useful lab or," who
alone have the fra nchise ; while "pers ons who a re employed
for , or elected to administr ative b usiness a nd technica l
positions in religious communities f or the ser vice of r e-
ligious r itual and premise s (ch oir -singers , organists , door -
keepers, bell ringers and the like, a lso me mbers of churc h
councils)" are not depriv d of electora l rights . There is,
however , a way t o sa lvat ion left o pen to clergymen, for
the fourth para gra ph of this decree rea ds
"Per sons who in ac cor dance with the c onstitution of
the RSFSR have been deprived of th e elector al ri ghts
as b elonging to th e class o f exploiter s (landlords, capi-
t a l i s t s , c l e r g y , e t c .) may be re stored in their rights pro-
vided t h e y h a ve engaged in pro duct ive and s o c i a lly
useful labo r during the co urse of five y ear s, and have
proven their loya lty to the Soviet r egime . They canalso be enfr anchised befor e this period on appropria te
interce ssions if they ar e member s of tr ade unions and
h a v e r e c o m m e nded t h e m s e lve s t h r o ugh h o n e s t l a b o r . "
This was probably the basis of th e press report of the
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52 The American Jewish Committee
libe ra lizat ion pro gra m, so loudly proc laimed by t he SovietGovernment. Your Commitee has been informed by agroup of distinguished Jewish sc holars in countri es bor der-
ing on Russia tha t th e te ach ing of r eligion to c hildren up
to eightee n yea rs o f age is still for bidden, in the c ountry ,
when done in gro ups of m or e tha n thr ee, a nd a number o f
other r estri ctions on the fre e exerci se of religion ar e still
in forc e, mak ing the prospects for the very s urvival of re-
ligion extr emely dark . Your Commit tee hopes that in the
course of t he diplomatic relations with the Soviet Govern-
ment which have b een usher ed in by th e re cognitio n of
t h a t gove r nment b y t h e Unit e d St at e s, our gove rnment
may find an appropriate occa sion to impress upon the So-
viet Government tha t th e Amer ican people, of all creeds,
would cor dia lly welcome a m or e huma ne a ttitude towar d
religious functionari es a nd a mor e libera l policy toward
religious educati on .
We a re encouraged in this hope by the re-sta tement of
the t ra ditional America n policy relating to t he f reedom
of r eligious worshi p by Pre sident Roosevelt in his cor re-
spondence with Mr. Litvinov, Fore ign Mi nister o f the
Soviet Union. In his letter to Mr . Litvinov, the Pres ident
w r o t e : "As yo u well know the gover nment of the Unite d
States s ince the foundati on of the Republic has a lways
striven to prote ct its nationals in the free exer cise of lib-
ert y o f co nscience a nd religious worshi p, and fr om a ll
disabi lity o r persec ution on account of thei r r eligious fait h
or wor ship and I need scar cely point out tha t the r ights
enumer at ed below ar e thos e enjoyed in the United State s
by a ll cit izens and for eign natio nals, and by Ame ri ca n
nati onals in all the ma jor countri es of t he world . "
In this connecti on, we note with disma y the s prea d of
anti-religious movements in countri es in both the Old and
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Report of Executive Committ ee 5 3
the N ew World . A l o n g w i t h o u r C a t h o l i c a n d P r o t e s t a n t
f e l l o w - c i t i z e n s , w e v o i c e o u r p r o t e s t a g a i n s t t h e s u p -
p r e s s i o n o f r e l i g i o u s l i b e r t y a n d f r e e d o m o f c o n s c i e n c e
w h e r e v e r a n d w h e n e v e r s u c h s u p p r e s s i o n i s a t t e m p t e d .
T h e C o m m i t t e e d e s i r e s t o e x p r e s s i t s d e e p a p p r e c i a t i o n
o f t h e r e a d i n e s s o f t h e H o n o r a b l e C o r d e l l H u l l , S e c r e t a r y
o f S t a t e , t o m e e t r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f y o u r C o m m i t t e e a n d
t o d i s c u s s w i t h t h e m o u r p r o b l e m s h e l p f u l l y a n d s y m p a -
t h e t i c a l l y .
I I I. DOMESTIC MATTERSA n t i - J e w i s h A g i t a t i o n i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s
D u r i n g t h e p a s t y e a r , t h e a n t i - J e w i s h m o v e m e n t s w h i c h
s p r a n g u p i n 1 9 3 3 a s a r e s u l t o f t h e c o u r s e o f e v e n t s i n
G e r m a n y s u f f e r e d s e r i o u s s e t b a c k s . F o l l o w i n g t h e e v e n t s
i n G e r m a n y d u r i n g w h a t i s g e n e r a l l y c a l l e d t h e " b l o o d y
w e e k - e n d " o f J u n e 3 0 , 1 9 3 4 , t h e N a z i m o v e m e n t i n G e r -
m a n y w a s w i d e l y d i s c r e d i t e d , a n d t h e i n f l u e n c e o f N a z i
p r o p a g a n d i s t s i n t h i s c o u n t r y w a s m a t e r i a l l y r e d u c e d .
The assassination of Chancellor Dollfuss of Austria
s e r v e d f u r t h e r t o w e a k e n s y m p a t h y f o r H i t l e r i s m . In New
Y o r k C i t y , t h e N a z i f i e d G e r m a n s o c i e t i e s o r g a n i z e d t h e
so-ca lled German Ameri can Economic Committee, known
g e n e r a l l y a s D a w a , a n a m e c o m p o s e d o f t h e i n i t i a l s o f i t s
name in German, Deutsch Amerikanische Wirtschafts
A u s s c h u s s . T h i s b o d y m a d e e n e r g e t i c e f f o r t s t o f o m e n t a
b o y c o t t i n r e p l y t o t i e a n t i - N a z i b o y c o t t w i t h a c c o m p a n y -
i n g a n t i - J e w i s h a g i t a t i o n o f a v i r u l e n t k i n d . T h e e f f o r t s
o f t h e D a w a t o s p r e a d i t s a c t i v i t i e s t o o t h e r c i t i e s a r e , w e
u n d e r s t a n d , n o t m e e t i n g w i t h m u c h s u c c e s s .
A n o t h e r s e t - b a c k t o N a z i p r o p a g a n d a r e s u l t e d f r o m t h e
r e v e l a t i o n s m a d e p u b l i c b y t h e C o n g r e s s i o n a l C o m m i t t e e ,
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5 4 The American Jewish Committee
h e a d e d b y R e p r e s e n t a t i v e J o h n W . McCormack of Massa-
c h u s e t t s , w h i c h i s i n v e s t i g a t i n g u n - A m e r i c a n m o v e m e n t s .
T h e p u b l i c h e a r i n g s h e l d b y t h i s C o m m i t t e e i n v a r i o u s
p a r t s o f t h e c o u n t r y h a v e h e l p e d t o i n f o r m t h e A m e r i c a n
p e o p l e o f t h e s c o p e a n d n a t u r e o f a c t i v i t i e s a n d a g i t a t i o n
e n t i r e l y a t v a r i a n c e w i t h t h e t r a d i t i o n s of f a i r - p l a y a n d
human equality which ha ve alway s been basic in this
c o u n t r y . N o r h a v e t h e a n t i c s o f t h e N a z i l e a d e r s h e r e ,
t h e i r l u d i c r o u s e f f o r t s t o i n j e c t J e w b a i t i n g i n t o p o l i t i c s ,
a d d e d t o t h e i r p r e s t i g e .
I t w o u l d b e a g r a v e m i s t a k e , h o w e v e r , t o b e l i e v e t h a t
t h e d a n g e r t o t h e J e w s o f A m e r i c a f r o m t h i s s o u r c e i s p a s t .
T h e p u b l i c t a c t i c s , o f t e n b u n g l i n g a n d c r u d e , o f t h e N a z i
o r g a n i z a t i o n s , a r e a c c o m p a n i e d b y m o r e s u b t l e m e t h o d s
w h i c h , b e c a u s e o f t h e i r p r i v a t e n a t u r e , a r e o f t e n i m p o s s i b l e
t o c o u n t e r a c t . W i t h i n r e c e n t m o n t h s , N a z i p r o p a g a n d i s t s ,
i n c l u d i n g d i p l o m a t i c a n d c o n s u l a r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f G e r -
m a n y , h a v e s u c c e e d e d i n a r r a n g i n g t o a d d r e s s p r i v a t e
m e e t i n g s o f i n f l u e n t i a l c l u b m e n a n d c l u b w o m e n , m e m b e r s
o f c o l l e g e a n d u n i v e r s i t y f a c u l t i e s , a n d t h e l i k e . These
m e e t i n g s a r e n o t a d v e r t i s e d , a n d i n v i t a t i o n s t o t h e m a r e
i s s u e d t o c a r e f u l l y s e l e c t e d p e r s o n s w h o s e r e c e p t i v i t y t o
N a z i d o c t r i n e s c a n b e m o r e o r l e s s r e l i e d u p o n . Often no
t i m e i s p e r m i t t e d f o r d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e s p e a k e r ' s r e m a r k s .
F r o m w h a t y o u r C o m m i t t e e h a s b e e n a b l e t o l e a r n t h e s e
s p e a k e r s a d d r e s s t h e m s e l v e s c h i e f l y t o e f f o r t s t o j u s t i f y t h e
a n t i - J e w i s h p o l i c i e s o f N a z i G e r m a n y , b y m a k i n g s t a t e -
m e n t s w h i c h a r e f a l s e a n d m i s l e a d i n g r e g a r d i n g t h e n u m -
b e r a n d a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e J e w s o f G e r m a n y , a n d c a s t i n g
u n j u s t i f i e d a s p e r s i o n s u p o n t h e i r g o o d n a m e . I t i s o b v i o u s
t h a t a m o n g t h e m e m b e r s o f a u d i e n c e s t h u s a d d r e s s e d m a n y
d o n o t k n o w t h e t r u t h . La : k i n g a n o p p o r t u n i t y t o h e a r t h e
o t h e r s i d e , t h e s e p e r s o n s b e c o m e c e n t e r s f o r t h e d i s s e m i n a -
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Repor t of Executive Co mm i tt ee 5 5
t i o n o f m i s i n f o r m a t i o n i n t h e i r b u s i n e s s a n d s o c i a l c i r c l e s .
T h i s d a n g e r o u s f o r m o f p r o p a g a n d a h a s n a t u r a l l y e n g a g e d
t h e c l o s e a t t e n t i o n o f y o u r C o m m i t t e e , a n d t h e m e m b e r s
a r e e a r n e s t l y r e q u e s t e d t o b e o n t h e w a t c h f o r i n s t a n c e s o f
i t i n t h e i r o w n c o m m u n i t i e s .
P a r a l l e l w i t h t h e s u b v e r s i v e a c t i v i t i e s o f N a z i p r o p a g a n -
d i s t s a n d t h e i r a d h e r e n t s t h e r e i s t h e a n t i - J e w i s h a g i t a t i o n
f o s t e r e d b y n a t i v e A m e r i c a n g r o u p s o r i n d i v i d u a l s . This
a g i t a t i o n i s l a r g e l y p o l i t i c a l , b e i n g e s s e n t i a l l y a n e f f o r t t o
d i s c r e d i t t h e F e d e r a l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n b y e x p l o i t i n g s u c h
a n t i - J e w i s h p r e j u d i c e a s e x i s t s i n t h e c o u n t r y . T h i s s c h o o l
o f p r o p a g a n d i s t s s e e k s t o d i s s e m i n a t e t h e n o t i o n t h a t t h e
p o l i c i e s o f t h e g o v e r n m e n t a r e i n s p i r e d b y a n o n - e x i s t e n t
J e w i s h i n f l u e n c e w i t h a l l e g e d s i n i s t e r d e s i g n s . Some of
t h i s p r o p a g a n d a i s c i r c u l a t e d t o p a y i n g s u b s c r i b e r s i n t h e
d i s g u i s e o f c o n f i d e n t i a l r e p o r t s f r o m W a s h i n g t o n o f " i n -
s i d e " i n f o r m a t i o n s a i d t o b e n o t a v a i l a b l e t h r o u g h t h e
r e g u l a r c h a n n e l s o f n e w s . A g r e a t d e a l o f a d o i s m a d e
b y t h e s e r e t a i l e r s o f f a l s e h o o d a b o u t t h e n u m b e r o f J e w s
a t t a c h e d t o t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , m a n y o f w h o m h a v e b e e n
i n g o v e r n m e n t s e r v i c e i n p r e v i o u s a d m i n i s t r a t i o n s , a l -
t h o u g h n o t a s i n g l e p l a u s i b l e c h a r g e o f i n c o m p e t e n c e o r
m a l f e a s a n c e h a s b e e n m a d e a g a i n s t a n y o f t h e m . This
n e f a r i o u s p r a c t i c e o f p r e t e n d i n g t h a t t h e r e i s s o m e t h i n g
s i n i s t e r i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f J e w s i n o f f i c e a p p e a r s t o h a v e
c i . , . u s e d c o n s i d e r a b l e u n e a s i n e s s , e v e n a n x i e t y , a m o n g J e w s ,
a n d s o m e h a v e e v e n e x p r e s s e d t h e w i s h t h a t a l l J e w s i n
o f f i c e w o u l d r e s i g n f r o m t h e i r p o s t s . T h o s e w h o h o l d t h i s
v i e w e v i d e n t l y d o n o t r e a l i z e t h a t s u c h a p r o c e d u r e w o u l d
b e a n a d m i s s i o n o f t h e f a l s e c h a r g e s , o r a n a p p r o v a l o f t h e
i n s t i t u t i o n o f a r a c i a l o r r e l i g i o u s p e r c e n t a g e s y s t e m i n
c o n n e c t i o n w i t h a p p o i n t m e n t t o p u b l i c o f f i c e , i n t h e p l a c e
o f t h e t r a d i t i o n a l s o u n d A m e r i c a n p r i n c i p l e o f c o n f e r r i n g
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5 6 The American Jewish Committee
o f f i c e u p o n t h o s e b e s t a b l e t o d o t h e w o r k , r e g a r d l e s s o f
t h e i r c r e e d o r a n c e s t r y .
T h e s e a n t i - J e w i s h a g i t a t o r s a l s o t r y t o r a i s e a n o t h e r
f a l s e a n d b a s e l e s s i s s u e , n a m e l y , t h a t J e w s a s s u c h f o m e n t
movements subversi ve of law and auth ority . I n s u p p o r t
o f t h i s a s s e r t i o n , t h e y p r o d u c e f a l s i f i e d s t a t i s t i c s a n d
g a r b l e d s t a t e m e n t s . Those who have even an elementary
a c q u a i n t a n c e w i t h t h e t r a d i t i o n s c h e r i s h e d b y o u r p e o p l e
d u r i n g t h e t w o t h o u s a n d y e a r s s i n c e t h e d e s t r u c t i o n o f t h e
J e w i s h s t a t e k n o w t h a t c o m p l e t e a n d u n e q u i v o c a l l o y a l t y t o
t h e c o u n t r y o f o n e ' s c i t i z e n s h i p i s a b a s i c p r i n c i p l e o f J e w -
i s h l i f e . Ev e r s i n c e t h e B a b y l o n i a n e x i l e , s p i r i t u a l l e a d e r s
from Jeremiah down have adjured the Jewish people to
s e e k t h e p e a c e a n d p r o s p e r i t y o f t h e l a n d i n w h i c h t h e y
l i v e , t o p r a y u n t o t h e L o r d f o r i t , f o r i n t h e p e a c e t h e r e o f
t h e y w o u l d e n j o y p e a c e .
S t u d e n t s o f t h e o r i g i n o f t h e A m e r i c a n f o r m o f g o v e r n -
m e n t h a v e p o i n t e d t o t h e d e b t w h i c h t h e C o l o n i a l f a t h e r s
o w e d t o t h e i n s p i r a t i o n o f t h e H e b r e w B i b l e . Lecky, the
d i s t i n g u i s h e d h i s t o r i a n , e x p r e s s e d t h i s d e b t i n t h e f a m o u s
dictum : "Hebr aic mort ar cemented the fo undation of
American democr acy!" To millions of American Jews as
w e l l a s t o m i l l i o n s c f J e w s i n o t h e r l a n d s , t h e r e f o r e , t h e
tenets of libera lism a nd democr acy ar e the m ost dearly
p r i z e d i d e a l s . Any fo rm o f government, or economic s ys-
t e m , w h i c h i s b a s e d o n , o r m a i n t a i n s i t s e l f b y , t h e s u p p r e s -
s i o n o f t h e e l e m e n t a l b a s e s o f h u m a n l i b e r t y - - 1 f r e e d o m o f
s p e e c h , o f t h e p r e s s , o f a s s o c i a t i o n , o f r e l i g i o u s w o r s h i p -
i s , t h e r e f o r e , a b h o r r e n t t o t h e m . T h r o u g h o u t t h e i r h i s -
t o r y , J e w s h a v e s u f f e r e d a t t h e h a n d s o f t y r a n t s a n d d e s p o t s
o f a l l v a r i e t i e s . T h e s e e x p e r i e n c e s h a v e f o r t i f i e d t h e t e a c h -
i n g s o f t h e i r s a g e s , a d m o n i s h i n g a r e v e r e n c e f o r t h e s a n c -
t i t y o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l . While under our form of govern-
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Report of Executive Committe e 5 7
m e n t e v e r y i n d i v i d u a l h a s t h e r i g h t t o j o i n a l e g a l l y e x i s t -
i n g p o l i t i c a l p a r t y , J e w i s h t e a c h i n g c o n d e m n s a l l d o c t r i n e s
v i o l a t i n g t h e T a l m u d i c m a x i m t h a t t h e l a w o f t h e l a n d i s
t h e l a w o f t h e J e w s . T h e v a s t m a j o r i t y o f J e w i s h c i t i z e n s
o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s w h o a d h e r e t o t h e i r r e l i g i o u s t r a d i -
t i o n s c o n t i n u e , t h e r e f o r e , t o u p h o l d t h e d e m o c r a t i c A m e r i -
c a n m e t h o d s f o r a c h i e v i n g e c o n o m i c , s o c i a l , a n d c u l t u r a l
p r o g r e s s .
E d u c a t i o n a l A c t i v i t i e s
Your Committee continued many of t h e a c t i v i t i e s a l o n g
t h e l i n e s w h i c h w e r e r e p o r t e d t o y o u a t y o u r l a s t a n n u a l
m e e t i n g . I n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e s i t u a t i o n i n G e r m a n y o u r
e f f o r t s w e r e l a r g e l y d i r e c t e d t o s p r e a d i n g i n f o r m a t i o n .
This was done thr ough the distribution of books and
p a m p h l e t s a n d i n o t h e r w a y s w h i c h w e r e d e e m e d e f f e c t i v e
n o t o n l y i n c a s t i n g t h e l i g h t o f t r u t h u p o n e v e n t s a b r o a d
b u t a l s o i n l a y i n g t h e f o u n d a t i o n f o r g e n e r a l g o o d w i l l a s
bet ween Jews and non-Jews in the United Sta tes . An u m b e r o f r e p r i n t s o f t h e r e p o r t s u b m i t t e d b y y o u r C o m -
m i t t e e a t y o u r a n n u a l m e e t i n g l a s t y e a r , a n d s p e c i a l b u l l e -
t i n s o n v a r i o u s s u b j e c t s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d i n l a r g e e d i t i o n s .
B e i n g i n c l o s e t o u c h w i t h d e p e n d a b l e s o u r c e s o f i n f o r m a -
t i o n , t h e C o m m i t t e e w a s i n p o s i t i o n t o k e e p c u r r e n t l y a d -
v i s e d o f s i g n i f i c a n t e v e n t s o f s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t t o J e w s , i n
m a n y c o u n t r i e s . T h e c o l l e c t i o n o f t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n i s
o n l y o n e o f t h e m a n y u s e f u l f u n c t i o n s o f o u r r e s e a r c h
s t a f f , w h o s e f a c i l i t i e s a r e u t i l i z e d b y m a n y s t u d e n t s o f
c u r r e n t a f f a i r s , l e c t u r e r s a n d j o u r n a l i s t s w h o h a v e f o u n d
i t s s e r v i c e s i n v a l u a b l e i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f n e w s p a p e r a n d
m a g a z i n e a r t i c l e s a n d b o o k s . U n d e r l y i n g t h e s e a c t i v i t i e s
i s t h e i n t e n s i v e a n d m e t h o d i c a l w o r k o f c o l l e c t i n g , d i g e s t -
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5 8 The A"wrican Jewish Committee
i n g , a n d c l a s s i f y i n g a l a r g e n u m b e r o f f a c t s . Newspaper
c l i p p i n g s , p a m p h l e t s a n d b o o k s a r e c a r e f u l l y i n d e x e d a n d
f i l e d f o r q u i c k r e f e r e n c e . N o t t h e l e a s t i m p o r t a n t o f t h e
m a n y a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e C o m m i t t e e ' s o f f i c e i s t h e a n s w e r i n g
o f i n q u i r i e s o f a l l s o r t s r e g a r d i n g J e w i s h m a t t e r s o f w h i c h
t h e r e i s a c o n t i n u o u s f l o w i n t o t h e o f f i c e .
Y o u r C o m m i t t e e h a s a l s o b e e n i n s t r u m e n t a l i n m a k i n g
p o s s i b l e r e s e a r c h a c t i v i t i e s o n t h e p a r t o f o t h e r s w i t h r e -
g a r d t o s u b j e c t s o f v i t a l i m p o r t a n c e , s u c h a s t h e q u e s t i o n
o f r a c e , a n d i n s e c u r i n g t h e p u b l i c a t i o n o f s o u n d t r e a t i s e s
o n s u c h s u b j e c t s .
W e h a v e i n t h e m a i n , t w o o b j e c t s t o o u r e d u c a t i o n a l
a c t i v i t i e s
F i r s t w e d e s i r e t o i n f o r m A m e r i c a n s a n d t o s t i r t h e i r
h u m a n i t a r i a n f e e l i n g s b y a c o n s t a n t p r e s e n t a t i o n o f t h e
t r u e n a t u r e o f N a z i f i e d G e r m a n y . T h e r e i s r e a l d a n g e r
t h a t , w i t h t h e p a s s a g e o f t i m e , p e o p l e w i l l b e g i n t o a c c e p t
N a z i i s m a s t h e N a z i s t h e m s e l v e s w a n t t o h a v e i t a c c e p t e d ;
t h a t t h e y w i l l b e m i s l e d i n t o f o r g e t t i n g t h e b l o w s t h a t
N a z i i s m h a s d e a l t t o c i v i l i z a t i o n . W e m u s t n o t p e r m i t t h i s
t o c o m e a b o u t . O u r a c t i v i t y t h r o u g h s p e a k e r s , t h r o u g h
p u b l i c i t y t o t h e p r e s s , t h r o u g h p u b l i c a t i o n s , t h r o u g h t h e
r a d i o , t h r o u g h t h e f i l m s , m u s t c o n c e r n i t s e l f d a y a f t e r d a y
a n d w e e k a f t e r w e e k w i t h t h e p r o b l e m o f k e e p i n g b e f o r e
t h e A m e r i c a n p e o p l e a t r u e p i c t u r e o f c o n d i t i o n s i n G e r -
m a n y a s t h e y a f f e c t t h e J e w s a n d a s t h e y a f f e c t a l l w h o
b e l i e v e i n p e a c e , i n l i b e r a l d o c t r i n e s , a n d i n f r e e d o m o f
c o n s c i e n c e .
O u r s e c o n d o b j e c t i s t o a t t e m p t t o i m m u n i z e t h e A m e r i -
c a n p e o p l e a g a i n s t t h e v i r u s o f a n t i - S e m i t i s m s p r e a d b y
n a t i v e d e m a g o g u e s . I n t h i s e f f o r t o u r w o r k p l a c e s t h e
e m p h a s i s n o t o n t h e J e w s a l o n e , n o r e v e n m a i n l y o n t h e
Jews . W e a t t e m p t , i n s t e a d , t o m a i n t a i n a m o n g A m e r i c a n s
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Report of Executive Committee 59o f a l l f a i t h s a n a p p r e c i a t io n o f t h e t r a d i t i o n a l p r i n c i p l es o f
o u r c o u n t r y . W e s e e k i n n u m e r o u s w a y s t o d r a m a t i z e t h e
v a l u e s o f o u r d e m o c r a c y , t o p o i n t o u t t h a t g r o u p h a t r e d
i s a m e n a c e t o t h e d e m o c r a t i c s t r u c t u r e o f o u r c o u n t r y .
O u r s e c o n d c o u r s e , i n s h o r t , i s t o s t r e n g t h e n i n e v e r y w a y
p o s s i b l e a n a d h e r e n c e t o t h e A m e r i c a n w a y o f l i v i n g i n t o l -
e r a n c e , i n a m i t y , a n d i n u n d e r s t a n d i n g .
I t i s n o t d e e m e d n e c e s s a r y t o g i v e f u r t h e r d e t a i l s a s t h e
m e m b e r s h a v e b e e n k e p t i n f o r m e d t h r o u g h s p e c i a l b u l l e -
t i n s , t h e r e p o r t s o f o u r f i e l d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e , a n d s t a t e m e n t s
b y m e m b e r s o f t h e s t a f f a t r e g i o n a l c o n f e r e n c e s . A f u l l
s t a t e m e n t o n t h e s u b j e c t w a s s u b m i t t e d t o t h e m i d - y e a r
m e e t i n g a t C h i c a g o o n J u n e 1 0 , l a s t .
A comprehensive program for future work has been
c a r e f u l l y p r e p a r e d . A l t h o u g h t h e r e s u l t s o f s u c h w o r k a r e
l a r g e l y i n t a n g i b l e a n d c a n n o t b e e s t i m a t e d , i t i s b e l i e v e d
t h a t , i f p r o s e c u t e d o v e r a c o n s i d e r a b l e p e r i o d o f t i m e , e f -
f o r t s i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n a r e b o u n d t o b e a r f r u i t .
I m m i g r a t i o n
E a r l y i n t h e c o u r s e o f t h e p r e s e n t e m e r g e n c y , t h e A m e r i -
c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e a s w e l l a s o t h e r J e w i s h o r g a n i z a -
t i o n s r e c o g n i z e d t h e n e e d f o r e f f o r t s f o r t h e r e m o v a l o f
a d m i n i s t r a t i v e h i n d r a n c e s t o i m m i g r a t i o n t o t h e U n i t e d
S t a t e s w h i c h , i n t h e l i g h t o f e m e r g e n c y , w e r e u n n e c e s -
s a r i l y b u r d e n s o m e . T h e e f f o r t s m a d e i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n b y
t h e C o m m i t t e e a n d b y t h e J o i n t C o u n c i l a r e f u l l y d e s c r i b e d
o n p a g e s 5 1 - 5 4 o f t h e T w e n t y - S e v e n t h A n n u a l R e p o r t o f
t h e C o m m i t t e e . T h a n k s t o t h e r e a d i n e s s o f t h e o f f i c i a l s o f
t h e S t a t e a n d L a b o r D e p a r t m e n t s t o g i v e s y m p a t h e t i c c o n -
s i d e r a t i o n t o t h e u n u s u a l c o n d i t i o n s f a c i n g i n t e n d i n g i m -
m i g r a n t s f r o m G e r m a n y , a n d p a r t i c u l a r l y a f t e r t h e S t a t e
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60 The American Jewish Committee
Department regulations to consuls were issued in Sep-
t e m b e r 1 9 3 3 , f o l l o w i n g o u r r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s , t h e a d m i n i s -
t r a t i v e p r o c e d u r e h a s b e e n s i m p l i f i e d i n s e v e r a l d i r e c -
t i o n s , w i t h t h e r e s u l t t h a t t h e n u m b e r o f v i s a s g r a n t e d
t o a p p l i c a n t s d o m i c i l e d i n G e r m a n y h a s b e e n a p p r e c i a b l y
i n c r e a s e d d u r i n g t h e p a s t f o u r o r f i v e m o n t h s . Th e num-
b e r a d m i t t e d w a s s t i l l v e r y c o n s i d e r a b l y l o w e r , h o w e v e r ,
t h a n t h e l e g a l q u o t a f o r G e r m a n y .
P e r h a p s t h e c h i e f d i f f i c u l t y e x p e r i e n c e d b y a p p l i c a n t s
f o r i m m i g r a t i o n v i s a s i s t h e r e q u i r e m e n t t h a t t h e y m u s t
p r o v e t h a t t h e y a r e n o t " l i k e l y t o b e c o m e a p u b l i c c h a r g e , "
( a s t h e p h r a s e h a s b e e n n e w l y c o n s t r u e d d u r i n g t h e p r e s e n t
e c o n o m i c e m e r g e n c y ) a f t e r a r r i v a l i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s .
S h o u l d a n a l i e n s u c c e e d i n s a t i s f y i n g t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s
C o n s u l t o w h o m h e a p p l i e s f o r a v i s a t h a t h e i s n o t " l i k e l y
to become a public charge," such alien may, upon his
a r r i v a l h e r e , n e v e r t h e l e s s i n t h e o r y b e r e q u i r e d t o f u r n i s h
a b o n d t o g u a r a n t e e a g a i n s t h i s b e c o m i n g a p u b l i c c h a r g e .
U n t i l r e c e n t l y , t h e q u e s t i o n w h e t h e r t h e S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r
has authority, since the Immigration Law of 1924 was
e n a c t e d , t o a c c e p t s u c h a b o n d , i n a d v a n c e o f a n a l i e n ' s
a r r i v a l , h a d b e e n u n i f o r m l y a n s w e r e d ' i n t h e n e g a t i v e , p u r -
s u a n t t o S t a t e a n d L a b o r D e p a r t m e n t r e g u l a t i o n s . This
q u e s t i o n w a s s e t t l e d t o w a r d t h e e n d o f 1 9 3 3 , f o l l o w i n g c o r -
r e s p o n d e n c e b e t w e e n t h e j o i n t C o u n c i l a n d o f f i c i a l s o f t h e
S t a t e a n d L a b o r D e p a r t m e n t , i n w h i c h t h e l e g a l i t y o f t h e
subsisting regulation was challenged by us . On De-
cember 26, 1933 , the Attorney Genera l of the United
S t a t e s , i n r e p l y t o q u e s t i o n s s u b m i t t e d b y t h e S e c r e t a r y
of Labor on November 4, 1933, ruled that it is within
t h e d i s c r e t i o n o f t h e S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r t o a c c e p t a p u b l i c
c h a r g e b o n d i n a d v a n c e o f a n a l i e n ' s a r r i v a l i n t h i s c o u n -
t r y , a n d t h a t , w h e r e t h i s i s d o n e , a c o n s u l a r o f f i c e r m a y n o t
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Report of Executive C o m m i t t e e 61
r e f u s e t o i s s u e a v i s a t o t h e a l i e n c o n c e r n e d o n t h e g r o u n d
t h a t h e i s l i k e l y t o b e c o m e a p u b l i c c h a r g e . T h e A t t o r n e y
G e n e r a l ' s r u l i n g s u p p o r t e d a n o p i n i o n o n t h e s a m e s u b -
j e c t r e n d e r e d p r e v i o u s l y b y t h e S o l i c i t o r o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t
o f L a b o r .
T h o u g h t h e n e w r u l i n g w i l l n o t m a k e p o s s i b l e a n y l a r g e
i n c r e a s e i n i m m i g r a t i o n , i t w i l l f a c i l i t a t e t h e e n t r y o f m a n y
d e s i r a b l e p e r s o n s w h o o t h e r w i s e w o u l d b e e x c l u d e d , a n d
t h u s p r e v e n t h a r d s h i p s r e s u l t i n g f r o m a h i t h e r t o m e c h a n i -
c a l w o r k i n g o f t h e l a w s n o t i n h a r m o n y w i t h t h e i r s p i r i t .
T h e J o i n t C o u n c i l a l s o c h a l l e n g e d t h e l e g a l i t y o f a r e g u -
l a t i o n o f t h e t w o D e p a r t m e n t s i n f o r c e f o r t e n y e a r s , m a k -
ing it almost impossible for ref ugees fro m Germa ny
o u t s i d e o f G e r m a n y t o s e c u r e U n i t e d S t a t e s p a s s p o r t v i s a s ,
t h e i r e f f o r t s t o s e c u r e p o l i c e c e r t i f i c a t e s o f c h a r a c t e r f r o m
G e r m a n y b e i n g a l m o s t i n v a r i a b l y t h w a r t e d b y t h e G e r m a n
p o l i c e a u t h o r i t i e s u n d e r s u c h c i r c u m s t a n c e s . Following
t h e o p i n i o n o f t h e A t t o r n e y G e n e r a l a b o v e r e f e r r e d t o ,
t h e S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t f o l l o w e d t h e e x a m p l e o f t h e L a b o r
D e p a r t m e n t i n a d m i t t i n g t h e i m p r o p r i e t y o f t h i s r e g u l a -
t i o n , a n d a n a m e n d m e n t o f i t h a s b e e n p r e p a r e d a n d i s
a b o u t t o b e p r o m u l g a t e d . The late Ma x J . K o h l e r , o n
b e h a l f o f t h e j o i n t C o u n c i l , p r e p a r e d e l a b o r a t e b r i e f s i n
a i d o f o u r p o s i t i o n o n t h e s e q u e s t i o n s .
D u r i n g t h e p a s t y e a r t h e r e w a s a p e r c e p t i b l e d e v e l o p -
m e n t o f s y m p a t h y f o r r e f u g e e s , a n d a g r o w i n g s e n t i m e n t
i n f a v o r o f t h e f a c i l i t a t i o n o f t h e i r a d m i s s i o n i n t o t h e
U n i t e d S t a t e s , a l t h o u g h w i t h o u t a n y i n c r e a s e i n e x i s t i n g
q u o t a r e s t r i c t i o n s , b e c a u s e o f t h e c o n t i n u i n g u n e m p l o y -
ment .
A s h a s a l r e a d y b e e n r e p o r t e d , f o l l o w i n g t h e s u b m i s s i o n
b y a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e o f
t h e p r o p o s a l t h a t a n u m b e r o f G e r m a n J e w i s h c h i l d r e n b e
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62 T h e American Jewish Committee
p la c e d t e m p o r a r i l y i n Am e r i c a n h o m e s , t h e j o i n t C o unc i l
appointed a specia l committ ee t o st udy th is s uggesti on and
mak e such plans for car ryi ng it out as may b e pra ctica ble .
A body known as the German Jewish Children's Aid,Inc ., has been established to take cha rge of this activity,
and a sm all number of ch ildren have a lready bee n admitt ed
and pla c e d in h o m e s .
E a rl y i n M a r c h 1 9 34 . on behalf of y our Com mittee, the
late Max J. Kohler, Chairman of our sub-committee oni m m igr a t i o n , f i le d wi t h t h e C o m m i t t e e o n I m m ig r a t i o n o f
the H ouse of Representatives a statement of objecti ons
against si x bills then pending, all of whi ch s ought e ith er
t o r e duc e e x i s t ing q uo t a s o r t o p r o h i b i t i m m igr a t i on en-
tirely. The ob jecti ons were bas ed chiefly on the widely
re cognized unwisdom of e nact ing perm anent legisla tio nin times of emergency, when the aims sought can beachie ved, as they had effectively been in the ma tter o f im-
migra tion, by the stri cter interpretat ion of existing law .
On March 13, the House Committee on Immigrationagreed not to r eport these a nd other meas ures of the s ame
purport .
Complaints of False Cha rges
T h e c o o pe r a t i o n o f t h e C o m m i t t e e w a s s o l i c i t e d b y sev-
er a l business fi rms , including a lar ge r esta ur ant cha in,
which com plai ned of widesprea d rumors fa lsely c har ging
them with p ro-N a zi sy mp athies, or anti-Jewish discrimina-
tion . M indful of th e impor ta nce of p reventing injustic e,
t h e C o m m i t t e e sub j e c t ed t h e s e c o mpla int s t o a t h o r oughly
obje cti ve investi gat ion and, wher e our fi ndings justi fied
such action, submitted a r eport to the fi rms in question,
cle a r ing t h e m o f t h e c h a r ge s m a de .
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The Osman Case
The Committee also c oo perated in arranging f or the
empl oy ment of co unsel fo r Ralp h Osman, a co rp or al in
t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s A r m y w h o a p p e a l e d f r o m t h e d e c i s i o n o f
a c o u r t m a r t i a l w h i c h h a d c o n v i c t e d h i m o f v i o l a t i o n o f
the Espionage Act of 1 917 . Repr esentati ons made to
y o u r C o m m i t t e e o n b e h a l f o f t h e y o u n g m a n i n d i c a t e d t h a t
a n t i - J e w i s h p r e j u d i c e h a d p r o b a b l y a f f e c t e d t h e c o n d u c t o f
t h e t r i a l . T h e d e c i s i o n o f t h e c o u r t m a r t i a l w a s s e t a s i d e
b y t h e a p p e a l s c o u r t , a n d t h e c o r p o r a l w a s f r e e d . S u b s e -
qu entl y he appl ied fo r, and was granted an honor able
d i s c h a r g e f r o m t h e a r m y .
The Ameri can Jewish Year Bo ok
I n S e p t e m b e r l a s t , t h e J e w i s h P u b l i c a t i o n S o c i e t y o f
Ameri ca issued Vo lu me 36 of the Americ an Jewish Year
B o o k , c o m p i l e d , l i k e a l l t h e v o l u m e s o f t h i s s e r i e s s i n c e
1 9 0 9 , i n t h e o f f i c e o f t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e . The
c u r r e n t v o l u m e w a s t h e s i x t e e n t h t o b e e d i t e d b y t h e A s -
s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y o f t h e C o m m i t t e e . A s i s p o i n t e d o u t i n
t h e p r e f a c e , t h e c o n t i n u i n g c r i s i s i n t h e l i v e s o f o u r b r e t h -
r e n i n G e r m a n y i s r e f l e c t e d i n t h e p r e s e n t v o l u m e a s i t
w a s i n i t s p r e d e c e s s o r . " N o t o n l y i s a c o n s i d e r a b l e p a r t
o f t h e L i s t o f E v e n t s g i v e n o v e r t o o c c u r r e n c e s a f f e c t i n g
t h e J e w s o f t h a t c o u n t r y , b u t s o m e o f t h e t r a g i c e f f e c t s a r e
i n d i c a t e d a l s o i n t h e N e c r o l o g y w h i c h i n c l u d e s t h e n a m e s
of a number of d isti ngui shed German Jews who di ed by
t h e i r o w n h a n d s , a n d i n t h e n o t i c e s o f a p p o i n t m e n t s o f
s c h o l a r s a n d t e a c h e r s , o u s t e d f r o m t h e l a b o r a t o r i e s a n d
t h e l e c t u r e h a l l s o f G e r m a n c o l l e g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s , t o
p o s i t i o n s o f h o n o r i n t h e s c h o o l s o f f o r e i g n c o u n t r i e s ,
w h e r e t h e y w e r e c o r d i a l l y w e l c o m e d . "
R e p o r t o f Exec u t ive C ommit tee 6 3
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6 4 The Americ an Jewi sh Commit tee
T h e v o l u m e a l s o c o n t a i n s a s p e c i a l a r t i c l e d e a l i n g w i t h
d i s c u s s i o n s o f m i n o r i t y a n d r e f u g e e q u e s t i o n s a t t h e 1 9 3 3
A s s e m b l y o f t h e L e a g u e o f N a t i o n s , e v o k e d b y G e r m a n y ' s
a n t i - J e w i s h p o l i c y . T h e r e a r e a l s o b i o g r a p h i c a l s k e t c h e s
of Doc tor Hyman G . Enelow and Doc tor George Alexan-
d e r K o h u t , t w o d i s t i n g u i s h e d A m e r i c a n J e w i s h s c h o l a r s ,
w h o d i e d d u r i n g t h e p r e c e d i n g y e a r . T h e s e a r t i c l e s w e r e
contrib uted by Doctor David Philip son and Pr ofessor
Al exander Marx . Doc t o r B . M . S elekman, t he Execu-
t i v e D i r e c t o r o f t h e A s s o c i a t e d J e w i s h C h a r i t i e s o f B o s t o n ,
c o n t r i b u t e d a n a r t i c l e i n w h i c h t h a t d i s t i n c t i v e l y A m e r i c a n
p r o d u c t , t h e J e w i s h f e d e r a t i o n f o r l o c a l s o c i a l s e r v i c e , i s
s u b j e c t e d t o a c o m p r e h e n s i v e c r i t i c a l a n a l y s i s a s t o i t s
s t r e n g t h a n d w e a k n e s s e s p e c i a l l y a s r e v e a l e d b y t h e i m p a c t
o f t h e p r e v a i l i n g e c o n o m i c d e p r e s s i o n .
B e s i d e s t h e s e s p e c i a l a r t i c l e s , V o l u m e 3 6 c o n t a i n s a
d e t a i l e d l i s t o f e v e n t s d u r i n g t h e p r e c e d i n g y e a r , t h e u s u a l
d i r e c t o r i e s a n d l i s t s , a n d t h e T w e n t y - S e v e n t h A n n u a l R e -
p o r t o f t h i s C o m m i t t e e .
Satur day Sessions in New Jersey N ormal Sc hools
Recently , t he coo peration of y our Committee was
solic it ed by leaders of t he Jewish community o f New
J e r s e y i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f S a t u r d a y s e s -
sions in the No rmal Sc hool s of New Jersey . We wer e
i n f o r m e d t h a t a r e d u c t i o n i n t h e s c h o o l t e r m , a s a n e c o n -
o m y m e a s u r e , w a s t h e o b j e c t o f t h e a u t h o r i t i e s , b u t t h a t
t h e S a t u r d a y s e s s i o n c o n f r o n t e d S a b b a t h - o b s e r v i n g J e w s
w i t h t h e d i l e m m a o f v i o l a t i n g t h e i r c o n s c i e n c e o r f a i l i n g
i n t h e i r s t u d i e s . B e s i d e s , t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f S a t u r d a y
s e s s i o n s i n o n e s e c t i o n o f t h e s c h o o l s y s t e m m a y b e a n
e n t e r i n g w e d g e f o r t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f s u c h s e s s i o n s i n
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Report of Execut ive Committ ee 6 5
o t h e r s e c t i o n s i n w h i c h a n e v e n l a r g e r n u m b e r o f p e r s o n s
w o u l d b e a f f e c t e d . The St ate Directo r of Ed ucation to
whom repr esentatio ns were made by community leaders
s u g g e s t e d t h e s u b m i s s i o n o f a b r i e f o n t h e s u b j e c t t o t h e
S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t o f E d u c a t i o n , a n d , a t t h e r e q u e s t o f t h e
Commit tee, Mr . Louis E . L e v i n t h a l , o f P h i l a d e l p h i a , a n
a t t o r n e y , w a s g o o d e n o u g h t o p r e p a r e s u c h a b r i e f . The
m a t t e r i s p e n d i n g .
O b j e c t i o n a b l e M o t i o n P i c t u r e s
T h e o p p o r t u n i t y w a s a f f o r d e d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f y o u r
C o m m i t t e e t o a t t e n d p r e v i e w s o f s e v e r a l m o t i o n p i c t u r e s
o n t o p i c s o f J e w i s h i n t e r e s t a n d t o o f f e r s u g g e s t i o n s f o r
t h e e l i m i n a t i o n o f p a r t s w h i c h i n t h e o p i n i o n o f t h e C o m -
m i t t e e w e r e l i k e l y t o h a v e a n u n f a v o r a b l e e f f e c t u p o n t h e
r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n J e w s a n d n o n - J e w s . I n o n e c a s e , y o u r
C o m m i t t e e j o i n e d o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n r e g i s t e r i n g p r o -
t e s t a g a i n s t a p r o d u c t i o n w h i c h w a s r e g a r d e d a s o b j e c t i o n -
a b l e i n n u m e r o u s r e s p e c t s . T h i s p r o t e s t r e s u l t e d i n t h e
d e c i s i o n o n t h e p a r t o f t h e p r o s p e c t i v e e x h i b i t o r n o t t o
c i r c u l a t e t h e p i c t u r e .
Y o u r C o m m i t t e e i s g r a t i f i e d t o n o t e t h a t a n u m b e r o f
J e w i s h r e l i g i o u s o r g a n i z a t i o n s h a v e j o i n e d w i t h C h r i s t i a n
b o d i e s i n a n e f f o r t t o e l i m i n a t e i n d e c e n c y f r o m m o t i o n p i c -
t u r e s a n d f r o m t h e a t r i c a l p r o d u c t i o n s .
C o o p e r a t i o n w i t h O t h e r O r g a n i z a t i o n s
A s i n t h e p a s t , y o u r C o m m i t t e e h a s c h e e r f u l l y g i v e n i t s
c o o p e r a t i o n t o o t h e r b o d i e s , n o n - J e w i s h a s w e l l a s J e w i s h ,
w h o s e w o r k c o n v e r g e s u p o n t h e o b j e c t s o f t h e C o m m i t t e e ,
a n d i t h a s e n j o y e d t h e h e l p a n d e n c o u r a g e m e n t o f a n u m -
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6 6 The American Jewish Committee
b e r o f o r g a n i z a t i o n s . W e h a v e b e e n i n v e r y c l o s e t o u c h
w i t h t h e B o a r d o f D e p u t i e s o f B r i t i s h J e w s t h r o u g h M r .
N e v i l l e L a s k i , i t s w o r t h y p r e s i d e n t , w h o m w e h a v e t h e
h o n o r o f h a v i n g w i t h u s t o d a y ; w i t h t h e j o i n t F o r e i g n
Committee of that o rganization and t he Anglo- Jewish
A s s o c i a t i o n , a g a i n t h r o u g h M r . L a s k i a n d i t s o t h e r c o -
chairman, Mr . L e o n a r d M o n t e f i o r e . W e c o r r e s p o n d r e g u -
l a r l y w i t h t h e A l l i a n c e I s r a e l i t e U n i v e r s e l l e , t h e J e w i s h
C o l o n i z a t i o n A s s o c i a t i o n , a n d o t h e r i m p o r t a n t a n d a c t i v e
bod ies abroad w ith whom we exchange information and
v i e w s . L a s t s u m m e r t h e P r e s i d e n t a n d t h e S e c r e t a r y o f
the Committee were abroad and had an opp ort unity to
c o n f e r w i t h t h e o f f i c e r s o f t h e s e o r g a n i z a t i o n s a n d t o o b -
t a i n f i r s t - h a n d i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t m a t t e r s o f J e w i s h i n t e r -
e s t i n a n u m b e r o f c o u n t r i e s . J u s t a b o u t a y e a r a g o , t h e
C o m m i t t e e s e n t r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s t o t h e f i r s t c o n v e n t i o n o f
t h e C a n a d i a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s , w i t h w h i c h w e h a v e b e e n
i n f r e q u e n t c o r r e s p o n d e n c e . M e n t i o n h a s a l r e a d y b e e n
m a d e o f t h e C o m m i t t e e ' s i n t e r e s t i n t h e l i b e l c a s e w h i c h
h a s b e e n b r o u g h t i n W i n n i p e g u n d e r t h e s u p e r v i s i o n o f
t h e C a n a d i a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s . In Sout h America, we
h a v e f u r n i s h e d i n f o r m a t i o n a n d a d v i c e t o a c o m m i t t e e i n
B u e n o s A i r e s w h i c h i s e n g a g e d i n c o m b a t t i n g a n t i - J e w i s h
p r o p a g a n d a i n B r a z i l .
I n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , t h e C o m m i t t e e c o o p e r a t e s w i t h a
n u m b e r o f o r g a n i z a t i o n s . D u r i n g t h e p a s t y e a r w e h a v e
b e e n i n c l o s e t o u c h w i t h t h e U n i o n o f A m e r i c a n H e b r e w
Congregations, the United Synagogu e of America, the
Counci l of Jewish Women, the Hebrew Shelt ering and
I m m i g r a n t A i d S o c i e t y , a n d o t h e r s . S e v e r a l m e e t i n g s
h a v e b e e n h e l d o f y o u r E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e w i t h t h e p a r -
t i c i p a t i o n o f t h e E m e r g e n c y A d v i s o r y C o u n c i l e s t a b l i s h e d ,
y o u w i l l r e c a l l , i n M a y 1 9 3 3 . T h i s C o u n c i l c o n s i s t s o f
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r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f 3 1 n a t i o n a l a n d c e n t r a l J e w i s h o r g a n i z a -
t i o n s .
T h r o u g h f r e q u e n t m e e t i n g s o f t h e j o i n t C o n s u l t a t i v e
C o u n c i l , e s t a b l i s h e d i n J u n e 1 9 3 3 , r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e
B ' n a i B ' r i t h , t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s , a n d y o u r
C o m m i t t e e e x c h a n g e v i e w s a n d f o r m u l a t e u n i f i e d p o l i c i e s .
E x c e p t f o r t h e s u b s t i t u t i o n o f G e o r g e Z . M e d a l i e f o r t h e
l a t e M a x J . K o h l e r a s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f t h e B ' n a i B ' r i t h ,
a n d o f H e n r y I t t l e s o n f o r I r v i n g L e h m a n a s r e p r e s e n t a -
t i v e o f t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e , t h e m e m b e r s h i p
o f t h e j o i n t C o u n c i l i s t h e s a m e a s l a s t y e a r , n a m e l y : r e p r e -
s e n t i n g t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s : Messrs . S t e p h e n
S . W i s e , B e r n a r d S . D e u t s c h , a n d L o u i s L i p s k y ; r e p r e -
s e n t i n g t h e B ' n a i B ' r i t h : M e s s r s . A l f r e d M . C o h e n , A l b e r t
O t t i n g e r , a n d G e o r g e Z . M e d a l i e ; a n d r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e
Ameri can Jewish Commit tee : M e s s r s . Jo seph M . P r o s -
k a u e r , H e n r y I t t l e s o n , a n d S o l o m o n M . S t r o o c k .
The Prop osed Wor ld Jewish Congress
I t w i l l b e r e c a l l e d t h a t i n 1 9 3 2 a J e w i s h c o n f e r e n c e h e l d
a t G e n e v a , S w i t z e r l a n d , d e c i d e d t o e s t a b l i s h a W o r l d
J e w i s h C o n g r e s s " b a s e d o n t h e c o n c e p t i o n o f t h e J e w i s h
p e o p l e a s a u n i f i e d n a t i o n a l o r g a n i s m . " A c c o r d i n g t o t h e
r e s o l u t i o n t h e n a d o p t e d , t h e p r o p o s e d c o n g r e s s i s t o b e " a
l e g i t i m a t e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n , a u t h o r i z e d a n d i n d u t y b o u n d t o
d e a l w i t h a l l q u e s t i o n s o f J e w i s h l i f e , a n d t o r e p r e s e n t t h e
J e w i s h p e o p l e t o t h e o u t s i d e w o r l d , i n a s t r u g g l e f o r i t s
c i v i l a n d n a t i o n a l r i g h t s . " T h i s d e c i s i o n w a s c o n f i r m e d
a t c o n f e r e n c e s h e l d i n 1 9 3 3 a n d l a s t s u m m e r .
W h e n i n A u g u s t 1 9 3 4 , r e p o r t s r e g a r d i n g t h e c o n f e r -
e n c e t h e n b e i n g h e l d i n G e n e v a b e g a n t o a p p e a r i n t h e
A m e r i c a n p r e s s u n d e r s e n s a t i o n a l h e a d l i n e s a b o u t a w o r l d
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6 8 The Americ an Jewi sh Commit tee
J e w i s h p a r l i a m e n t a n d s u p e r - g o v e r n m e n t , y o u r C o m m i t t e e
d e e m e d i t n e c e s s a r y t o a p p r i z e t h e p u b l i c o f t h e f a c t t h a t
t h e c o n f e r e n c e c o u l d n o t t r u t h f u l l y b e d e s c r i b e d a s r e p r e -
s e n t a t i v e o f t h e J e w s o f t h e w o r l d . T h e p u b l i c a t i o n o f
t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t w a s a u t h o r i z e d :
" I n v i e w o f t h e e r r o n e o u s h e a d l i n e s a n d s t a t e m e n t s
c o n t a i n e d i n s o m e p r e s s r e p o r t s o f a c o n f e r e n c e o f J e w s
n o w b e i n g h e l d i n G e n e v a , a t t e n t i o n i s d r a w n t o t h e f a c t
t h a t t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e , w h i c h i s m a d e u p
o f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s i n e v e r y i m p o r t a n t c i t y i n t h e U n i t e d
S t a t e s , h a s n o t i n d o r s e d a n d i s n o t p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n t h e
w o r l d c o n f e r e n c e , a n d t h a t i m p o r t a n t o r g a n i z a t i o n s
a b r o a d , a m o n g t h e m t h e B o a r d o f J e w i s h D e p u t i e s o f
England and the Alliance Israelite Universelle of
F r a n c e , h a v e d e c l i n e d t o s e n d d e l e g a t e s t o r e p r e s e n t
them .
" I n t h e l i g h t o f t h e s e f a c t s , t h e c o n f e r e n c e c a n n o t
t r u t h f u l l y b e d e s c r i b e d a s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f t h e o p i n i o n
o f J e w s o f t h e w o r l d o r a s e x p r e s s i n g t h e v i e w p o i n t o f
J e w i s h c i t i z e n s o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . "
S u b s e q u e n t l y , o n O c t o b e r 8 , 1 9 3 4 t h e N a t i o n a l E x e c u -
t i v e C o m m i t t e e o f t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s a f f i r m e d
t h e d e c i s i o n o f t h e G e n e v a C o n f e r e n c e o f 1934 t o e s t a b -
l i s h a W o r l d J e w i s h C o n g r e s s t o b e c o n v e n e d i n 1 9 3 5 , and
a l s o d e c i d e d t o l a u n c h a c a m p a i g n f o r t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f
n a t i o n a l d e m o c r a t i c e l e c t i o n s t h r o u g h o u t t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s
o n A p r i l 2 8 , 1 9 3 5 , f o r a n e n l a r g e d A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o n -
g r e s s a n d d e l e g a t e s t o t h e p r o p o s e d W o r l d J e w i s h C o n -
g r e s s .
L a t e r , i n N o v e m b e r l a s t , y o u r C o m m i t t e e r e c e i v e d a
c o m m u n i c a t i o n f r o m t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s s t a t -
i n g ( 1 ) t h a t i t s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n C o m m i t t e e h a d a u t h o r i z e d
s t e p s " t o e s t a b l i s h u n i o n a n d c o o p e r a t i o n i n A m e r i c a n
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J e w r y w i t h r e l a t i o n t o t h e p a r t i t m a y t a k e , t o g e t h e r w i t h
t h e J e w r i e s o f o t h e r l a n d s , i n d e a l i n g w i t h t h e e x t r a -
o r d i n a r y e c o n o m i c , p o l i t i c a l a n d r e l i g i o u s d i f f i c u l t i e s t h a t
f a c e t h e J e w i s h p e o p l e " ; ( 2 ) t h a t t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h
C o n g r e s s b e l i e v e s " t h a t t h e b e s t i n t e r e s t s o f t h e J e w i s h
p e o p l e w o u l d b e s e r v e d b y t h e c r e a t i o n o f a n e x e c u t i v e
r e p r e s e n t a t i o n i n G e n e v a o f t h e o r g a n i z e d J e w r i e s o f t h e
w o r l d , a n d t h a t s u c h r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s h o u l d c o m e i n t o b e -
i n g a s t h e c o n s i d e r e d a c t i o n o f a W o r l d J e w i s h C o n g r e s s
i n w h i c h t h e d e l e g a t e s w o u l d b e e l e c t e d , a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e
o r f e a s i b l e , o n d e m o c r a t i c l i n e s " ; and (3 ) t hat a Com-
m i t t e e o n C o n c i l i a t i o n h a s b e e n a p p o i n t e d t o c o n f e r w i t h
t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e a n d w i t h t h e B ' n a i B ' r i t h
" t o e x p l o r e t h e p o s s i b i l i t i e s o f a r r i v i n g a t a n u n d e r s t a n d -
i n g w i t h y o u ( u s ) o n t h e p r o b l e m s h e r e o u t l i n e d , " a n d
" i s p r e p a r e d t o d o e v e r y t h i n g w i t h i n i t s p o w e r . . . t o
c o n s i d e r y o u r ( o u r ) v i e w s a n d s u g g e s t i o n s f o r a m e n d -
m e n t o r a d j u s t m e n t o r i m p r o v e m e n t o f t h e m e t h o d s s u g -
g e s t e d , " a l t h o u g h " a n y a g r e e m e n t w e m a y a r r i v e a t i s
s u b j e c t t o t h e r a t i f i c a t i o n o f t h e A d m i n i s t r a t i v e C o m m i t t e e
o f t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s . "
Y o u r C o m m i t t e e g a v e t h i s p r o p o s a l e x t e n d e d c o n s i d e r a -
t i o n a t a s p e c i a l m e e t i n g a n d u n a n i m o u s l y d e c i d e d t o d e -
c l i n e t o j o i n i n a n y c o n f e r e n c e i n w h i c h t h e p r o p o s a l f o r
a W o r l d J e w i s h C o n g r e s s i s t o b e t h e s u b j e c t f o r c o n s i d -
e r a t i o n , b u t a g r e e d t o c o n f e r i f o t h e r w a y s o f s e c u r i n g
c l o s e r c o o p e r a t i o n a r e c o n t e m p l a t e d . F o l l o w i n g i s a s t a t e -
m e n t o f s o m e o f t h e m a n y c o n s i d e r a t i o n s w h i c h h a v e a l l
a l o n g s h a p e d t h e a t t i t u d e o f t h e C o m m i t t e e t o w a r d t h e
e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a g e n e r a l J e w i s h o r g a n i z a t i o n i n t h e
U n i t e d S t a t e s b a s e d o n a p l e b i s c i t e , o r o f a W o r l d J e w i s h
C o n g r e s s o r a n y o t h e r f o r m o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l J e w i s h o r g a n -
i z a t i o n .
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70 The Americ an Jewi sh Commit tee
T h e y e a r 1 9 3 4 m a r k s t h e 2 8 0 t h a n n i v e r s a r y o f t h e b e -
ginnings of the Jewish co mmunit y in the Unit ed States .
E v e n p r i o r t o t h e D e c l a r a t i o n o f I n d e p e n d e n c e t h e J e w i s h
s e t t l e r s i n t h e o r i g i n a l t h i r t e e n c o l o n i e s o r g a n i z e d t h e m -
s e l v e s t o c a r r y o n r e l i g i o u s , e d u c a t i o n a l a n d c h a r i t a b l e
w o r k . With the definite establishment of the United
S t a t e s a s a n i n d e p e n d e n t n a t i o n , t h e g r a d u a l e n l a r g e m e n t
o f t h e t e r r i t o r y a n d t h e i n f l o w o f i m m i g r a n t s t o t h e U n i t e d
S t a t e s f r o m v a r i o u s p a r t s o f t h e w o r l d , t h e J e w i s h c o m -
m u n i t y t o o k o n a l a r g e r f o r m a n d t h e s e u n i t s i n t h e d i f -
f e r e n t c i t i e s a n d s t a t e s c o m m e n c e d t o f o r m n a t i o n a l o r -
g a n i z a t i o n s t o f u r t h e r t h e i r p a r t i c u l a r i n t e r e s t s . These
o r g a n i z a t i o n s w e r e v o l u n t a r y ; t h e y w e r e c r e a t e d b y p e o p l e
m o s t i n t e r e s t e d i n a p a r t i c u l a r b r a n c h o f J e w i s h a c t i v i t y ;
t h e y c h o s e t h e i r o w n r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s a n d a d o p t e d t h e i r
o w n p o l i c i e s .
I n t i m e s o f e m e r g e n c y , c o n f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n t h e s e o r -
g a n i z a t i o n s w e r e h e l d , u n i t e d a c t i o n s e c u r e d a n d t h e d e -
s i r e d r e s u l t w a s u s u a l l y a t t a i n e d .
A p l e b i s c i t e o f a l l t h e J e w s i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a b o v e
t h e a g e o f e i g h t e e n , f o r w h i c h a g i t a t i o n i s n o w a s t i r , i s a
d i r e c t a t t e m p t , t h r o u g h p r o p a g a n d a , t o d e s t r o y o r m i n i -
mize the insti tu ti ons which the Jews of Americ a have
t h e m s e l v e s c r e a t e d o v e r a l o n g p e r i o d o f y e a r s f o r a l l s o r t s
o f w o r t h y p u r p o s e s r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e n e e d s o f t h e A m e r i -
can Jewi sh co mmunit y . I f t h i s w e r e n o t s o , a n d i f t h i s h a d
n o t , o n a p r e v i o u s o c c a s i o n , w h e n t h e r e w a s a p l e b i s c i t e ,
been the pur po se of the Ameri can Jewi sh Congress, t he
s e c u r i n g o f c o m m o n c o u n s e l t h r o u g h a c o n f e r e n c e d e r i v e d
f r o m r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e e x i s t i n g o r g a n i z a t i o n s w o u l d
h a v e b e e n a l l t h a t w a s r e q u i r e d . J u s t a s t h i s a t t e m p t w a s
made on a previous occasio n dur ing the emergency cr e-
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a t e d b y t h e W o r l d W a r , t h e d i s a s t e r t o t h e J e w s i n G e r -
m a n y h a s a g a i n b e e n e m p l o y e d a s t h e o c c a s i o n t o r e c r e a t e
an org anization through a plebiscite, dir ect voting, a
m e t h o d w h i c h u p t o t h i s t i m e h a s o n l y b e e n e m p l o y e d b y
J e w s l i k e o t h e r A m e r i c a n c i t i z e n s f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f e l e c t -
i n g t h e i r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s i n C o n g r e s s , e x p r e s s i n g t h e i r
p r e f e r e n c e f o r P r e s i d e n t a n d V i c e - P r e s i d e n t i n t h e e l e c -
t o r a l c o l l e g e , a n d c h o o s i n g t h e i r S t a t e , C o u n t y a n d M u -
n i c i p a l o f f i c i a l s . I t m u s t b e c l e a r t o a n y o n e w ho
wil l r eflect that the creatio n of a general electoral
m ac h i n e r y b y t h e J e w s o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s f o r
the pur p o se of e s t a b l i s h i n g a Congr ess i s bound
t o b r i n g a b o u t i n t h e m i n d s o f o u r f e l l o w c i t i z e n s a c o n -
f u s i o n w h i c h c a n o n l y b e u n f a v o r a b l e t o t h e J e w i s h c o m
munity ; w h e r e a s t h e r e i s n o t a s i n g l e o b j e c t t h a t w i l l b e
a t t a i n e d b y t h e c r e a t i o n o f s u c h a n o r g a n i z a t i o n b a s e d
u p o n a p l e b i s c i t e t h a t c a n n o t n o w a c t u a l l y b e r e a c h e d u n d e r
t h e e x i s t i n g o r g a n i z a t i o n s w h i c h t h e J e w s i n A m e r i c a h a v e
e s t a b l i s h e d .
W e a r e t o l d t h a t a l l t h i s i s p r o p o s e d i n t h e n a m e o f D e -
m o c r a c y a s t h o u g h t h i s w e r e a n e w c o n c e p t t o J e w s . A n y
J e w , w h o h a s e v e r t a k e n p a r t i n t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o r c o n -
duc t of a Synagog ue or a Lodg e or any of the numerous
o r g a n i z a t i o n s w h i c h w e r e b u i l t u p , c a n t e s t i f y t h a t a l l t h e s e
o r g a n i z a t i o n s a r e d e m o c r a t i c a l l y o r g a n i z e d a n d r e p r e s e n t
t h e w i l l o f t h e p e o p l e w h o a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e m a n d w h o
suppor t them . T h e S y n a g o g u e , t h e m o s t a n c i e n t e x i s t i n g
J e w i s h i n s t i t u t i o n , h a s b e e n d e m o c r a t i c f r o m i t s i n c e p t i o n
thousands of years ago . T h e r e a l q u e s t i o n t h e r e f o r e i s
w h e t h e r t h e J e w s o f A m e r i c a i n e m e r g e n c i e s s h a l l s p e a k
t h r o u g h b o d i e s t h a t r e p r e s e n t a l l t h e i r e x i s t i n g i n s t i t u -
t i o n s , o r w h e t h e r t h e y s h a l l s p e a k t h r o u g h a p l e b i s c i t e
fro m which a large part o f t he co mmunity , w hich has
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72 The American Jewish Committee
b e e n s p e c i f i c a l l y e n g a g e d i n t h e p r o p e r a n d n e c e s s a r y w o r k
of t he Jewish community, wou ld abstain and oug ht to
a b s t a i n .
These considerations, w hich in ou r op inion make a
p l e b i s c i t e f o r a n A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s u n w i s e , a p p l y
w i t h i n f i n i t e l y g r e a t e r f o r c e t o t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t h e
W o r l d J e w i s h C o n g r e s s o r a n y o t h e r f o r m o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l
J e w i s h o r g a n i z a t i o n w i t h w h i c h t h e p l e b i s c i t e w a s i n i t i a l l y
a n d i s a p p a r e n t l y s t i l l b o u n d u p .
A conference held at Geneva, Swi tz erland, in Aug ust
1 . 9 3 2 , a d o p t e d a r e s o l u t i o n c a l l i n g f o r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t
o f a W o r l d J e w i s h C o n g r e s s , i n w h i c h t h e o b j e c t o f t h e
p r o p o s e d C o n g r e s s w a s s t a t e d t o b e
"This Wor ld Congress, based o n the co ncepti on of
t h e J e w i s h p e o p l e a s a u n i f i e d n a t i o n a l o r g a n i s m ( V o l k s -
o r g a n i s m u s ) , s h o u l d b e a l e g i t i m a t e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n , a u -
t h o r i z e d a n d i n d u t y b o u n d t o d e a l w i t h a l l q u e s t i o n s
o f J e w i s h l i f e , a n d t o r e p r e s e n t t h e J e w i s h p e o p l e t o t h e
o u t s i d e w o r l d , i n a s t r u g g l e f o r i t s c i v i l a n d n a t i o n a l
r i g h t s . "
T h i s r e s o l u t i o n w a s c o n f i r m e d i n a l l d e t a i l s b y t h e c o n -
f e r e n c e s w h i c h m e t i n 1 9 3 3 a n d i n 1 9 3 4 .
I t w a s f u r t h e r a m p l i f i e d b y s t a t e m e n t s o f t h e l e a d i n g
pr op onent of the Wor ld Jewi sh Congress, who declared
" I t s h o u l d . . . c r e a t e a t r u l y l e g i t i m a t e u n i f i e d r e p r e -
s e n t a t i o n o f t h e J e w i s h p e o p l e , w h i c h w i l l h a v e t h e r i g h t
t o s p e a k i n t h e n a m e o f t h e s i x t e e n m i l l i o n J e w s , t o t h e
n a t i o n s a n d t h e g o v e r n m e n t s o f t h e w o r l d . . . " "There
i s o n l y o n e p o s s i b l e b a s i s f o r t h e W o r l d C o n g r e s s , t h e
idea of Jewish Natio nhood (Vo lkstum) . " "The scop e
o f t h e C o n g r e s s w i l l b e t h e t o t a l i t y o f J e w i s h q u e s t i o n s ,
t h e p r o b l e m s o f i n n e r J e w i s h l i f e , t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n
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Report o f Executive Committee 73
b e f o r e t h e n a t i o n s o f t h e w o r l d , t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t
t h e f o e s o f t h e J e w i s h p e o p l e . "
We share the feeling o f t hose who, alarmed b y t he
t r a g i c f a t e t h a t h a s b e f a l l e n t h e J e w s o f G e r m a n y , a n d t h e
b a n e f u l i n f l u e n c e i n o t h e r c o u n t r i e s o f N a z i p o l i c i e s , u r g e
t h a t J e w s e v e r y w h e r e t a k e c o u n s e l w i t h o n e a n o t h e r w i t h
a v i e w t o f i n d i n g e f f e c t i v e m e a s u r e s t o d e f e n d t h e m s e l v e s
a g a i n s t t h e m e n a c e w h i c h t h r e a t e n s t h e i r v e r y e x i s t e n c e .
B u t t o t a k e s u c h c o u n s e l , t o c o n f e r a n d e x c h a n g e v i e w s
i s o n l y t h e p r o x i m a t e p u r p o s e o f t h e p r o p o s e d W o r l d C o n -
g r e s s . I t i s c l e a r f r o m t h e s t a t e m e n t s q u o t e d t h a t t h e
C o n g r e s s i s i n t e n d e d t o b e a p e r m a n e n t P a r l i a m e n t , t h f
d e p u t i e s o f w h i c h , e l e c t e d b y a m a c h i n e r y w h i c h i s a s s o -
c i a t e d w i t h r e p r e s e n t a t i v e g o v e r n m e n t o f p o l i t i c a l s t a t e s ,
a r e t o b e a u t h o r i z e d t o d e a l w i t h a l l m a t t e r s a f f e c t i n g J e w s
i n a n y a n d e v e r y c o u n t r y o f t h e g l o b e ; a n d t o n e g o t i a t e
wi th governments on matters affecti ng Jewish ci ti zens .
While it c annot serve any usefu l pur pose which is not
n o w b e i n g s e r v e d b y e x i s t i n g v o l u n t a r y J e w i s h a g e n c i e s i n
each cou ntry, the prop osed Wor ld Jewi sh Congress can
o n l y e n d a n g e r t h e s t a t u s o f t h e J e w s i n t h e c o u n t r i e s o f
w h i c h t h e y a r e c i t i z e n s . A s c i t i z e n s , J e w s r e c o g n i z e o n l y
t h e a u t h o r i t y o f t h e p a r l i a m e n t o f t h e c o u n t r y i n w h i c h
t h e y l i v e .
A Jewish parli ament wo ul d gi ve aid and co mfort to
t h o s e w h o p r o m o t e h o s t i l i t y t o t h e J e w s , o n t h e g r o u n d o f
a l l e g e d i n t e r n a t i o n a l s o l i d a r i t y a n d ' s u p e r - l o y a l t y . I t
w o u l d s o w d o u b t s i n t h e m i n d s o f o u r f e l l o w - c i t i z e n s i n
a l l c o u n t r i e s a s t o t h e p r e c i s e s t a t u s o f t h e J e w a s c i t i z e n .
T h e s e d a n g e r o u s c o n s e q u e n c e s w i l l f o l l o w , a l t h o u g h t h e
C o n g r e s s w i l l i n f a c t b e n o t r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f a l l t h e J e w s ,
a n d w i l l h a v e n o p o w e r t o e n f o r c e i t s d e c i s i o n s e v e n u p o n
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7 4 The Americ an Jewi sh Commit tee
t h o s e i n d i v i d u a l s w h o v o t e f o r i t s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s , a n d
w h o , b y s o d o i n g , a r e i m p l y i n g t h e a c c e p t a n c e o f a n o b l i -
g a t i o n t o a n e x t r a - n a t i o n a l a u t h o r i t y . T h e s e c o n s e q u e n c e s
a r e i n e v i t a b l e , a l t h o u g h i n p r a c t i c e t h e C o n g r e s s c a n b e
n o t h i n g m o r e t h a n a p l a t f o r m f o r t h e m a k i n g o f s p e e c h e s ,
a n d a c o n v o c a t i o n f o r t h e p a s s a g e o f r e s o l u t i o n s .
T h e r e h a v e a l w a y s b e e n , a n d t h e r e a r e p a r t i c u l a r l y t o -
d a y , s p e c i a l p r o b l e m s f a c i n g t h e J e w s o f a l l c o u n t r i e s s i -
m u l t a n e o u s l y .B u t , o w i n g t o t h e d i f f e r e n c e s i n t h e c o n -
d i t i o n o f t h e J e w s o f v a r i o u s c o u n t r i e s , a n d i n t h e t r a d i -
t i o n s a n d c u s t o m s o f t h e s e c o u n t r i e s , t h e m a n i f e s t a t i o n s o f
t h e s e p r o b l e m s d i f f e r m a t e r i a l l y i n e a c h l a n d f r o m t h e
m a n i f e s t a t i o n s i n o t h e r l a n d s . I t i s c l e a r , t h e r e f o r e , t h a t
t h e J e w s o f e a c h c o u n t r y a r e i n t h e b e s t p o s i t i o n t o u n d e r -
s t a n d a n d m e e t t h e i r o w n p r o b l e m s , w i t h o u t t h e a s s i s t a n c e
o f a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l a g e n c y w h i c h c o u l d n o t p o s s i b l y u n d e r -
s t a n d t h e l o c a l s i t u a t i o n s .
T h e C o m m i t t e e b e l i e v e s t h a t i t i s a t t i m e s u s e f u l f o r
t h e a c c r e d i t e d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f o r g a n i z a t i o n s o f d i f f e r -
e n t c o u n t r i e s t o m e e t f o r a n i n t e r c h a n g e o f v i e w s a n d i n -
f o r m a t i o n . T h e C o m m i t t e e h a s p a r t i c i p a t e d i n s u c h c o n -
f e r e n c e s , a n d i s p r e p a r e d t o d o s o a t f u t u r e m e e t i n g s
w h e n , i n i t s o p i n i o n , t h e y a p p e a r d e s i r a b l e .
T h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e h o l d s i t t o b e s e l f -
e v i d e n t t h a t t h e J e w s o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s h a v e h e r e e s t a b -
l i s h e d a p e r m a n e n t h o m e f o r t h e m s e l v e s a n d t h e i r c h i l -
d r e n , h a v e a c q u i r e d t h e r i g h t s a n d a s s u m e d t h e c o r r e l a t i v e
d u t i e s o f A m e r i c a n c i t i z e n s h i p , a n d r e c o g n i z e t h e i r u n -
q u a l i f i e d a l l e g i a n c e t o t h i s c o u n t r y w h i c h t h e y l o v e a n d
c h e r i s h a n d o f w h o s e c i t i z e n s t h e y r e g a r d t h e m s e l v e s a s a
l o y a l a n d i n t e g r a l p a r t . T h e C o m m i t t e e b e l i e v e s t h a t a s
A m e r i c a n c i t i z e n s , J e w s h a v e t h e r i g h t , i n d i v i d u a l l y o r
a s s o c i a t e d i n g r o u p s , t o a p p r o a c h t h e g o v e r n m e n t o f t h e
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t ce p o r t o f L xec u t ive Commi t t ee is
U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d s o l i c i t i t s g o o d o f f i c e s i n b e h a l f o f t h e
b e t t e r m e n t o f t h e l o t o f o p p r e s s e d J e w s i n o t h e r l a n d s .
T h e C o m m i t t e e d o e s n o t b e l i e v e , h o w e v e r , t h a t i t i s c o n -
s i s t e n t w i t h t h e s e p r i n c i p l e s f o r t h e m t o a s s o c i a t e t h e m -
s e l v e s w i t h t h e c i t i z e n s o f o t h e r c o u n t r i e s i n c r e a t i n g a n
i n t e r n a t i o n a l b o d y w h i c h w i l l a s s u m e o r a t t e m p t t o s p e a k
f o r t h e J e w s o f t h i s c o u n t r y .
T h e C o m m i t t e e b e l i e v e s t h a t , a n i m a t e d b y t h e i r l o v e o f
c o u n t r y a n d t h e i r d e v o t i o n t o t h e h i g h e s t c o n c e p t i o n o f
p a t r i o t i s m , A m e r i c a n J e w s w i l l r e c o g n i z e t h e m e n a c e t o
t h e i r s t a t u s i n h e r e n t i n t h e p r o p o s e d W o r l d C o n g r e s s a n d
w i l l d e c l a r e t h e i r o p p o s i t i o n t o i t . A f i r m a n d u n e q u i v o c a l
r e f u s a l t o h a v e a n y p a r t i n s u c h a m o v e m e n t , e i t h e r d i r e c t l y
o r i n d i r e c t l y , m a y p e r s u a d e t h o s e w h o a r e p r o m o t i n g i t t o
withdraw fr om a proposed co urse of action which can
a c h i e v e n o h e l p f u l r e s u l t s , b u t w h i c h i s f r e i g h t e d w i t h e m -
b a r r a s s m e n t a n d e v e n d i s a s t e r t o J e w s e v e r y w h e r e .
I t h a s b e e n p o s s i b l e i n t h i s b r i e f r e p o r t t o d w e l l u p o n
o n l y a v e r y f e w o f t h e m a t t e r s w i t h w h i c h t h e E x e c u t i v e
C o m m i t t e e a n d i t s s t a f f w e r e b u s i l y o c c u p i e d d u r i n g t h e s e
p a s t f o u r t e e n m o n t h s .
W e c a n a s s u r e y o u , h o w e v e r , t h a t w e h a v e t r i e d e a r n e s t -
l y a n d , w e b e l i e v e , i n t e l l i g e n t l y t o e x e r t e v e r y p o s s i b l e i n -
f l u e n c e t o c o m b a t t h e h o s t i l i t y h e r e a n d a b r o a d . Our
w e a p o n s a r e n o t t h o s e o f a r m i e s a n d n a v i e s , o f g u n s a n d
g a s e s . O u r w e a p o n i s l a r g e l y p u b l i c o p i n i o n . Without
h y s t e r i a , b u t w i t h p r o f o u n d c o n c e r n w e h a v e , i n m a n y
w a y s , s o u g h t t o i l l u m i n e t h e p u b l i c m i n d w i t h r e s p e c t t o
t h e d a n g e r s o f a n t i - S e m i t i s m a n d a l l f o r m s o f r a c i a l a n d
r e l i g i o u s b i g o t r y , n o t o n l y t o t h e J e w s b u t t o a l l p e o p l e
w h o l o v e l i b e r t y a n d j u s t i c e . T h e p r e s s , t h e c l e r g y , p u b l i c
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76 The Americ an Jewi sh Commit tee
o f f i c i a l s a n d l e a d e r s i n a l l w a l k s o f l i f e a n d o f a l l f a i t h s
a r e m a k i n g c o m m o n c a u s e t o s t e m b i g o t r y a n d a n t i - r e l i g i o u s
movements . I t i s e v i d e n t t h a t t h e A m e r i c a n p e o p l e , t h o u g h
s o r e l y t r i e d b y e c o n o m i c d i s t r e s s , h a v e b e e n i m m u n e t o
t h e u n s c r u p u l o u s b u t s k i l f u l p r o p a g a n d a o f t h e N a z i s a n d
o t h e r s w h o d e s i r e t o e x p l o i t r a c i a l p r e j u d i c e f o r t h e i r o w n
s e l f i s h e n d s . I t i s i m p e r a t i v e , h o w e v e r , t h a t o u r e f f o r t s
i n c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h P r o t e s t a n t s a n d C a t h o l i c s c o n t i n u e
unabated and in such a manner as to co nvince our non-
Jewish fellow -Ameri cans that the rights we demand fo r
o u r c o - r e l i g i o n i s t s i n o t h e r c o u n t r i e s a r e t h o s e e l e m e n t a l
h u m a n r i g h t s w h i c h c o n s t i t u t e t h e b a s i s o f A m e r i c a n c i v -
i l i z a t i o n .
T o c a r r y o n w e n e e d y o u r i m p l i c i t c o n f i d e n c e a n d g e n -
e r o u s s u p p o r t .
R e s p e c t f u l l y s u b m i t t e d ,
THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
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REPORT ON ORGANIZATION MATTERS
1 . N e c r o l o g y
The Commit tee s usta ine d a great l oss in the sud den
passing of one of t he members of it s Execu ti ve Committ ee,
Mr. Max J . K ohler , on Ju l y 2 4, 1934 . The follo wing
resolu tion was duly recorded in the m in u tes of y o u r
C ommit tee
"The members of the Executive Committee of the American
J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e , l e a r n i n g w i t h s o r r o w o f t h e p a s s i n g o f t h e i r
c o l l e a g u e , M a x J . K o h l e r , h a v e r e c o r d e d t h e f o l l o w i n g m i n u t e
"His bro ad comprehension of the facts and pri nciples of
A m e r i c a n J e w i s h l i f e ; h i s t i r e l e s s a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e a d v a n c e m e n t
o f d e m o c r a t i c i d e a l s ; h i s u n c e a s i n g l a b o r s i n t h e i n t e r e s t s o f
t h e i m m i g r a n t ; h i s v a s t k n o w l e d g e o f t h e l a w a n d h i s t o r y , s u p -
p o r t e d b y a p h o t o g r a p h i c m e m o r y , e n a b l e d h i m t o r e n d e r u n i q u e
s e r v i c e t o t h e c o m m u n i t y a t l a r g e a n d i n p a r t i c u l a r t o t h e
Jewish co mmunit y .
" I m b u e d w i t h t h e d e e p s e n s e o f j u s t i c e a n d w i t h a n a b i d i n g
f a i t h i n t h e m e t h o d s a n d p r i n c i p l e s o f d e m o c r a c y , h e l a b o r e d i n -
d e f a t i g a b l y t o w i n f o r t h o s e w h o h a d k n o w n p o l i t i c a l , r e l i g i o u s ,
a n d r a c i a l p r e j u d i c e t h e f r e e d o m w h i c h t h e y h a d l o n g b e e n d e -
nied and whic h Americ a promised . The law, in his bro ad
j u d g m e n t , w a s a m e a n s o f a t t a i n i n g a n d a s s u r i n g t h e s e i d e a l s .
I t w a s i n a n d t h r o u g h t h e l a w t h a t h i s m i n d a n d h e a r t f o u n d
h o p e f o r f r e e d o m a n d j u s t i c e .
" H e w a s n o t e s s e n t i a l l y o r m e r e l y a p r a c t i c i n g a t t o r n e y , b u t
r a t h e r a j u r i d i c a l s c h o l a r , a g r e a t a u t h o r i t y i n c o n s t i t u t i o n a l a n d
i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w , e s p e c i a l l y a s t h e y c o n c e r n e d t h e f u n d a m e n t a l
r i g h t s o f m e n . I n p a r t i c u l a r , i t w a s t o t h e r i g h t s o f m i n o r i t i e s
t h a t h e d e v o t e d h i s s c h o l a r l y a c t i v i t i e s a n d p r a c t i c a l e f f o r t s .
H e g a v e g e n e r o u s l y o f h i s t i m e a n d h i s v i t a l e n e r g i e s t o t h e
w o r k o f s u c h o r g a n i z a t i o n s a s t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h H i s t o r i c a l
S o c i e t y , T h e J u d e a n s , t h e S t a n d a r d J e w i s h E n c y c l o p e d i a ,t h e
Jewish Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Baron de Hirsch
F u n d , t h e U n i o n o f A m e r i c a n H e b r e w C o n g r e g a t i o n s , t h e B ' n a i
B ' r i t h a n d t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e .
77
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78 The American Jewish Committee
" T h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e i n t e n d e r i n g i t s s y m p a t h y
t o h i s b r o t h e r a n d t o h i s s i s t e r s , s h a r e s w i t h a l l o f t h e s e o r g a n i -
z a t i o n s a n d I s r a e l a t l a r g e t h e l o s s o f a b r i l l i a n t a n d a l w a y s
h e l p f u l c o l l a b o r a t o r .
" T h e r e m e m b r a n c e o f h i s l i f e a n d s e r v i c e s w i l l b e a s o u r c e
o f i n s p i r a t i o n t o a l l w h o a r e c a r r y i n g o n t h e w o r k t h a t a b s o r b e d
h i s l o y a l t y a n d t a l e n t s . "
A meeting i n memor y o f Mr . Kohl er was held on Su n-
day afternoon, N ovember 25, 193 4, at Temple Emanu-El .
New York City , wit h twenty-tw o org aniz ations partic i-
p a t i n g , a n d a d d r e s s e s d e l i v e r e d b y t h e f o l l o w i n g : t h e R e v .
Dr. S amuel H . G old enson, t he Hon . Ir ving L ehman, the
Hon. Alfred M . Cohen, and Dr . A . S . W . R osenbach . The
Hon. Jul ian W . Mack who w as to have spo ken bu t w as
u n a b l e t o a t t e n d , s e n t a m e s s a g e o f a p p r e c i a t i o n .
The Committee also suff ered the loss of the fo ll ow ing
Community Representatives since the last Annual Meeting
Dr . H . G . Enelow , of New York City, on Feb . 6 , 1 9 3 4
Israel Unterberg, of New York City, on May 1, 1934
M. E . G reenebaum, o f C h i c a g o , I l l . , o n J u n e 2 2 , 1 9 3 4
Al exander Cahn, o f N ew Haven, Conn ., on Aug . 2 7 ,
1934
Ludw ig Vo gelstein, of New York City, on Sept . 2 4 ,
1934
A. C . Wurmser, of Kansas Cit y, Mo . , o n O c t . 1 3 , 1 9 3 4
Minutes expressing the Committ ee's sense of loss, were
adopted by you r Executi ve Committee .
2. The Execut ive Commit tee
Because of the establishment of a commit tee represent-
ing Jewish labor org anizatio ns, w hose by-l aws requi re
t h a t i t s m e m b e r s s h a l l n o t a t t h e s a m e t i m e b e m e m b e r s o f
a n y o t h e r J e w i s h o r g a n i z a t i o n d e a l i n g w i t h p o l i t i c a l q u e s -
tions, Mr . B . C . V ladeck t endered his resignati on as a
member of the Execu ti ve Committ ee . Y o u r E x ec u t i v e
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R e p o r t o f E xec u t ive C o m mi t t e e 7 9
C o m mi t t e e f e l t compelled, to their p r o f o u n d r e g r e t , to
a c c e p t M r . Vladeck's resignation . Mr. Har o l d Hi rsch o f
Atlanta, Georg ia, was elected a member of the Execut ive
C om mi t t e e t o s u c c e e d M r . V ladeck .
In v iew o f t he enlar gement o f the Co r p o r a te Member -
ship and of a unanimous desire to secur e wider c ou nsel
and ser v i c e , y o u r E x e c u t i v e C o mm i t t e e r e c o m men d s t ha t
the by-l aws should be amended to pro vide for the enlarge-
men t o f t he E x ec u t i v e C o mm i t t e e t o a ma xi m u m o f f i f t y
instead of the present maximum of thirty . Notifi cation of
an amend ment f o r t hat p u r p o s e t o b e v o t e d u p o n b y y o u
to day w as issued to t he membership on December 3, 193 4 .
3 . Member ship
Y o u r Commi t tee takes p leasu r e in rep o r t in g that al l
the persons elected t o Corp or ate Membership at you r last
meeti ng, o n December 10, 193 3, and who se names appear
on pages 79 to 82, inclu sive, of t he Twenty- Seventh An-
nual Report, agreed to serve .
Dr. Samuel H. Goldenson, of New York City, was
elected to f il l the vacancy cr eated by the death of Dr.
H. G . E n e l o w ; Rabbi Nathan H. Co l ish, o f Ho ust on,
Texas, to fil l the vacancy i n that co mmunity ; and Mr . Her-
man Ritt er, of Yo ungstow n, Ohio, fo r the vacancy i n that
community .
In the cou rse of the year, the foll owi ng members ten-
dered their resignati ons
Jac o b A sher , Wo r cester , Mass .
A l ber t Berney , Bal t imo re, M d .
David B . Eisendrath, Milwaukee, Wis .
H e r b e r t F r i e d e n w a l d , W as hi n g t o n , D . C .
Nat han Isaacs, Cambri dg e, Mass .
A l e x a nde r K a h n, N e w Y o r k C i t y
M ax S c h ni t z e r , H o u s t o n , Te xas
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80 The Americ an Jewi sh Commit tee
T h e s e r e s i g n a t i o n s w e r e a c c e p t e d w i t h r e g r e t .
I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e b y - l a w s , t h e
fol low ing N ominating Committee, empow ered to name
c a n d i d a t e s t o s u c c e e d t h o s e m e m b e r s w h o s e t e r m s e x p i r e
t o d a y , a n d t o f i l l e x i s t i n g v a c a n c i e s , w a s a p p o i n t e d
Edmund H. Abr ahams, Savannah, Geor gi a
J u s t i n P . A l l m a n , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a .
Si mon Bergman, N ew York City
David M . B r e s s l e r , N e w Y o r k C i t y , C h a i r m a n
A r t h u r B r i n , M i n n e a p o l i s , M i n n e s o t a
Henry S . Hendri cks, New York City
Har r y A . H o l l z e r , L o s A n g e l e s , C a l i f .
J o s e p h J . K l e i n , N e w Y o r k C i t y
Edw ard Lazansky, New York City
James Marshall, New Yor k City
Si gmond Sanger, Toledo, Ohio
B e n j a m i n S t o l z , S y r a c u s e , N . Y .
F e l i x V o r e n b e r g , B o s t o n , M a s s .
F o l l o w i n g i s a l i s t o f t h e n o m i n e e s o f t h e N o m i n a t i n g
Commit tee
* T o f i l l v a c a n c y .
STATE CITY NOMINEES
C a l i f o r n i a L o ng Beac h *Har vey B . F r a n k l i n
Lo s Angeles M . J . F i n k e n s t e i n
San Diego *Jacob Weinberger
Colorado Denver *Charles R osenbaum
C o n n e c t i c u t New Britain *Morris D . Saxe
N e w Haven *S . F r e d e r i c k W e t z l e r
N e w L o n d o n E z e k i e l S p i t z , t o s u c c e e d
Nestor Dreyfus
Stamford *Ab raham Wofsey
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Repor t of Execut ive Committ ee 81
STATE CITY NOMINEES
F l o r i d a J a c k s o n v i l l e Mo r t on R . H i r s c h b e r g
Miami D . J . A p t e
Tampa *Ernest Maas
I l l i n o i s Chicago *Milton S . F l o r s h e i m
Alfred K . For eman
*A R i char d F rank
F r ank L . S u l z b e r g e r
Peoria WB . Woolner
I n d i a n a Gary *Louis H . G l u e c k
Terre Haut e * Lo u is B r o wn
I o w a Mason Cit y *Sam Raizes
Kansas Kansas Cit y *Joseph Cohen
Maine Bangor * M i c h a e l P i l o t
Maryland Baltimore *Sid ney Lansburg h
M a s s a c h u s e t t s Boston James Sol omont
Salem *Max G o l d b er g
Worcester *Joseph Talamo
Michigan Grand Rap ids Philip F . Waterman, to suc-
ceed Julius H . Amberg
Minnesota Duluth * E d w a r d A . S i l b e r s t e i n
Nebr aska L i n c o l n *Nathan J . G o l d
New Jersey A t l a n t i c C i t y Joseph B . P e r s k i e
East Orange A . J . Dimond
Ne w Br unsw i ck Abr aham Jelin
N e w a r k *Meyer C . E l l e n s t e i n
N e w M e x i c o L as Vegas L o u is C. I l f e l d
N e w Y o r k B u f f a l o Joseph L . F i n k
Herman Wil e
Elmira Benjamin F . Levy
New York City E d w a r d L . B e r n a y s
Herman Bernstein
David M . B r e s s l e r
*Morris R . Cohen
D a vi d M . Heyman
To f i l l v a c a n c y .Henry Ittleson
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* T o f i l l v a c a n c y .
82 The Americ an Jewi sh Commit tee
Arthur K . Kuhn
Herbert H . Lehman
Solo mon Lowenstein
Alexander Marx
*Lawr ence Marx
*Henry Moskow it z
*Wa l t e r W . R o t h s c h i l d
*Samuel Salzman
Hugh Grant Straus
R o g e r W . S t r a u s
S o l o m o n M . S t r o o c k
Fel ix M . Warbu rg
Ralph Wolf
Rochester H e nr y M . S t e r n
Troy *Joseph Goodman
Utica S . Joshua Kohn
Nort h Carolina Goldsboro Lio nel Weil
Ohio Canto n *A. M . L u n t z
Toledo S i gmond Sanger
Pennsylvania Br ad d o c k *Mal colm Go ldsmith
Chester *Nathan Sp eare
Erie Isador Sobel
McKeespor t *Herman Levine
P h i l a d e l p h i a Cyrus Adler
Horace Stern
Morris Wolf
*Al . Paul Lefton
Rhod e Island Woo nsoc ket *Arthur I . Darman
Sou th Carolina C h a r l e s t o n S i d n e y R i t t e n b e r g , t o s u c c e e d
I . Blank
Tennessee Chattanoo ga *Sidney Marks
Knoxville *Ben R . Winick
N a s h v i l l e Nathan Cohn
Texas Beaumont *Benjamin Blu m
G a l v e s t o n Isaac H . Kempner
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In the f o l l o w in g c ommuni t ies, in whi ch t he Commi t t ee
receives i ts su p p o r t f r o m l o cal federat i o ns o r w el fare
funds, t he nominations were made by the Boards of those
organizations
As is requi red by the By-L aws, the sustaining members
were gi ven an op po rt unit y t o make independent nomina-
t i o n s .
* T o f i l l v a c a n c y .
Repor t of Execut ive Committ ee 8 3
STATE CITY NOMINEES
Utah S a l t L a k e C i t y *Juli an M . B a m b e r g e r
Vermont B u r l i n g t o n *Samuel Li sman
M o n t p e l i e r *E . L . S e g e l
V i r g i n i a Port smouth * J u l i a n M . B l a c h m a n
Ric hmond Irving May
STATE
C a l i f o r n i a
CITY
Lo s Angeles
Oakland
S a n F r a n c i s c o
NOMINEES
Lester W . R o t h
B . L . M o s b a c h e r
Max C . S l o s s
Michigan D e t r o i t Juli an H . K r o l i k
Minnesota M i n n e a p o l i s Arthur Brin
M i s s o u r i K a n s a s C i t y *Geor ge Oppenheimer
S t . L o u i s Charles W. R i c e
Aaro n Waldheim
Ohio C i n c i n n a t i Murray S easongood
C l e v e l a n d E d w a r d M . B a k e r
P e n n s y l v a n i a Reading Alex . L . L u r i a
S c r a n t o n *Leon M . L e v y
T e n n e s s e e Memphi s *Louis L evy
Texas D a l l a s J . K . H e x t e r
Wisconsin Sheboygan *George Hol man
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84 The American Jewish Committee
The natio nal o rganizatio ns which are affi liated w ith the
Committee designated the fol low ing delegates for t he year
1 9 3 5 :
AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY, A. S. W.
R o s en b a c h
B'RITH SHOLOM, Martin O. L e v y , Wi l l i a m M . Lew is
CENTRAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBIS, SamuelH. G oldenson
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL JEWISH
WOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS, E s t e l l e M . S ternberger
COUNCIL OF YOUNG ISRAEL AND YOUNG ISRAEL OR-
GANIZATIONS, Edward S . S i l v e r
HADASSAH, Mrs . A . L a m p o r t , M r s . D av i d d e S o l a P o o l
HEBREW SHELTERING AND IMMIGRANT AID SOCIETY OF
AMERICA, John L. Bernstein, Abraham Herman,Harry Fi schel, Jacob Massel, Alb ert Ro senblatt
INDEPENDENT ORDER B'RITH ABRAHAM, M ax S i l v e r -
stein, Samuel Gol dstein, L eon Sanders, Max L . Hol-
lander
INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF ISRAEL, Simon M .
G o l d s mi t h
JEWISH WELFARE BOARD, J o s e p h R o s e nz w e i g
NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH SOCIAL SERVICE,
Fred M . Butzel
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN, Mrs. Mauric e
L. G o l d m an
ORDER OF THE UNITED HEBREW BROTHERS, Max E.
G r e en b e r g
PROGRESSIVE ORDER OF THE WEST, A . D. Bearman
RABBINICAL ASSEMBLY OF THE JEWISH THEOLOGICAL
SEMINARY OF AMERICA, Elias Margo lis
UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS OF
AMERICA, B enj am i n K o en i g s b e r g , W i l l i a m Wei ss
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Repor t of Execut ive Commit tee 8 5
UNITED ROUMANIAN JEWS OF AMERICA, Herman
S p e i e r , L e o W o l f s o n
UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA, L o u i s J . M o s s
WOMEN ' S BRANCH OF THE UNION OF ORTHODOX JEW-
ISH CONGREGATIONS OF AMERICA, Mr s . Jo seph M .
Asher
WOMEN'S LEAGUE OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF
AMERICA, Mr s . M o s e s H y a m s o n , M i s s S a r a h K u s s y ,
Mr s . S a m u e l S p i e g e l
Y o u r C o m m i t t e e t a k e s p l e a s u r e i n n o m i n a t i n g t h e f o l -
l o w i n g p e r s o n s f o r M e m b e r s h i p - a t - L a r g e , t o s e r v e f o r
o n e y e a r
Lou is Bamberger, Newark
Le o M . B r o w n , M o b i l e
J a c o b E p s t e i n , B a l t i m o r e
E l i F r a n k , B a l t i m o r e
N . B . G o l d s t e i n , M i l w a u k e e
Albert M . G r e e n f i e l d , P h i l a d e l p h i a
Hir am S . H a l l e , N e w Y o r k
H e r b e r t J . Hannoch, N ewark
H a r o l d H i r s c h , A t l a n t a
Wil li am L . Ho lz man, Omaha
P h i l i p C . J o s l i n , P r o v i d e n c e
J . J . K a p l a n , B o s t o n
L o u i s E . K i r s t e i n , B o s t o n
F r e d L a z a r u s , J r . , C o l u m b u s
A l b e r t C . L e h m a n , P i t t s b u r g h
Samuel D . L i e d e s d o r f , N e w Y o r k
Mon te M . L e m a n n , N e w O r l e a n s
A u s t i n T . L e v y , H a r r i s v i l l e , R . I .
Chas . J . L i e b m a n , N e w Y o r k
J u l i a n W . Mack, New York
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86 The American Jewish Committee
George Z . Medalie, New Yor k
Henry Mor genthau, Sr ., New York
Reub en Opp enheimer, Balt imore
M i l t o n J . R o s e n a u , B o s t o n
L e s s i n g J . R o s e n w a l d , P h i l a d e l p h i a
Morris Rot henberg, New York
Henry Sachs, Colo rado S pri ngs
Frederic W . W i l e , W a s h i n g t o n , D . C .
Henry Wineman, Detro it
Leo Wolman, New Y or k
4 . A c t i v i t i e s o f F i e l d R e p r e s e n t a t i v e
I n t h e s p r i n g o f 1 9 3 3 , R a b b i A b b a A b r a m s v o l u n t e e r e d
t o d e v o t e h i s v a c a t i o n t o c a r r y i n g t h e m e s s a g e o f t h e C o m -
mittee to a number of c ommunities . T h e i n t e r e s t d i s -
p l a y e d i n h i s v i s i t s w a s s o g r a t i f y i n g t h a t t h e d e c i s i o n w a s
made to have Rabbi Ab rams co ntinu e his servi ce as a
m e m b e r o f t h e C o m m i t t e e ' s s t a f f . H i s a c t i v i t i e s h a v e r e -
s u l t e d i n a w i d e r d i s t r i b u t i o n o f i n f o r m a t i o n , a n d i n b r i n g -
ing the pro gr am of the Committ ee to the att enti on of
c o m m u n i t i e s i n w h i c h t h e C o m m i t t e e h i t h e r t o h a d n o r e p r e -
s e n t a t i o n o r m e m b e r s h i p .
Duri ng the past year, R abbi A br ams visited t he
f o l l o w i n g 1 1 1 c o m m u n i t i e s i n 2 5 s t a t e s , a n d t h e D i s t r i c t
of Columbia :
ALABAMA : Birmingham
CONNECTICUT : B r i d g e p o r t , Danbury, H a r t f o r d , New Haven,
New London, Stamford , Waterbury
DELAWARE : Wilmingto n
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA : Washingto n
FLORIDA : M i a m i , J a c k s o n v i l l e , T a m p a
GEORGIA : A t l a n t a , M a c o n , S a v a n n a h , A u g u s t a
ILLINOIS : P e o r i a , M o l i n e , R o c k I s l a n d
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R e p o r t o f Executi ve Co mmi t t ee 8 7
INDIANA : I n d i a n a p o l i s , S o u t h Ben d , Ter r e Ha u te
IowA : Da v en p o r t
LOUISIANA : N e w O r l eans
MAINE : A u g u s t a , B a ng o r , G a r d i n er , Lewiston, Portland,
Waterville
MASSACHUSETTS : Boston, Bro ckto n, Chelsea, Fall R iver, Hav-
e r hi l l , L a w r e nc e , L o w e l l , L y n n, M a l d e n, N e w B e d f o r d ,
Pittsfield, S omerville, Sp ringfield, Worcester
MINNESOTA : Dulu th, Minneapol is, St . Paul
M I S S I S S I P P I : Jackson, Meridian, Vic ksburg
MISSOURI : Kansas City, St . Louis
NEW HAMPSHIRE : Fr anklin, Manchester, Nashua, Por tsmouth
NEW JERSEY : A t la n t i c C i t y , Ba y on ne , Cam den, E l i z a be th,
Hoboken, Jersey City, N ew Brunswick, N ewark, Paterson,
Plainfi eld, Trenton, West New Yor k
NEW YORK : A l b a n y , B i n g h am t o n , B u f f a l o , E l m i r a , M o u n t
Vernon, New Roc helle, Ni agara Falls, Po ughkeepsie, New-
b u r g h , R o ch este r , S c h enec ta d y , S y ra c us e , U t i c a , T r o y ,
Whit e Plains, Yonkers
NORTH CAROLINA : Greensbor o
OHIO : Akron, Cincinnati, Columbus, Toledo, Youngstown
PENNSYLVANIA : Allentown, Erie, Harrisburg, Hazelton, L an-
caster, P ittsburg h, Sc ranton, Wilkesbarre
RHODE ISLAND : Provid ence
TENNESSEE : Memphis, Nashvill e, Chattanoog a
VIRGINIA : Newport News, Norfolk, Richmond, Roanoke,
P o r t s mo u t h
WIScoNSIN : Madison, Milwaukee, Superio r
5. Regional Conferences and Chicago Meeting
To mak e i t p o ssi b l e f o r mem b e r s o f t he Exe c u t i v e C o m-
mitt ee and o f t he staff t o add ress the membership in a wid e
a r e a, o n t h e p r o b l e m s w i t h w h i c h t h e Co m m i t t e e i s d e a l i n g ,
and at the same time to permit members who could not
attend the annual meetings which have been held in New
Y o r k C i t y , t o m e et w i t h t h e o f f i c e r s o f t h e C o m mi t t e e a nd
t o o f f e r c o u n s el o n t h es e p r o b l e ms , t h e C o mm i t t e e a r r a ng e d
s ev e r a l c o n f e r e n c e s d u r i n g t h e y e ar 1 9 3 4 , a n d a l s o a m i d -
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Repo rt of the Treasur er
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Repo rt of the Treasur er
To the Members o f t he American Jewish Commit tee :
O u r f i s c a l y e a r w h i c h , s i n c e t h e C o m m i t t e e ' s i n c e p t i o n i n
November 1906 , ended on Oct ober 3 1, 19 34, has been
c h a n g e d t o c o i n c i d e w i t h t h e c a l e n d a r y e a r , n a m e l y f r o m
J a n u a r y 1 t o D e c e m b e r 3 1 . T h i s r e p o r t c o v e r s t h e f o u r t e e n
months' period from November 1, 193 3 through Decem-
b e r 3 1 , 1 9 3 4 .
I h a v e a n a u d i t e d s t a t e m e n t o f r e c e i p t s a n d e x p e n d i t u r e s
f o r t h i s p e r i o d w h i c h i s a t t a c h e d a s p a r t o f t h i s r e p o r t a n d
w h i c h w i l l b e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n a l l i t s d e t a i l s i n t h e p r i n t e d
p r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e m e e t i n g .
T h e f o l l o w i n g i t e m s r e s p e c t i n g t h e s o u r c e s o f o u r i n -
c o m e w i l l b e o f i n t e r e s t :
R o u g h l y s p e a k i n g , t h e C o m m i t t e e e n j o y s f i v e s o u r c e s o f
income
1 . Individu al members,-t here were 2 , 7 3 2
s u c h i n d i v i d u a l s , w h o c o n t r i b u t e d i n t h e
a g g r e g a t e1 0 5 , 8 1 5 . 5 8
2 . 3 6 l o c a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s , w h i c h c o n t r i b u t e d
a t o t a l o f, 3 9 7 . 5 9
3 . 2 1 W e l f a r e F u n d s a n d F e d e r a t i o n s , w h i c h
c o n t r i b u t e d, 7 0 4 . 3 2
4 . 4 3 A p p r o p r i a t i o n s m a d e t h r o u g h s p e c i a l
community drives or appeals, giving a
t o t a l o f0 , 6 3 7 . 0 0
5 . 1 2 N a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s , i n c l u s i v e o f
f o u n d a t i o n s , f r o m w h o m w e s e c u r e d, 2 0 2 . 2 8
$133, 756 . 7 7
I t w i l l a l s o b e o f i n t e r e s t t o k n o w t h a t , g e o g r a p h i c a l l y
9 1
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92 The Americ an Jewi sh Commit tee
speaking, contri but ions from New York City aggregated
$ 6 0 , 2 2 2 . 2 3 ; fro m Chicago, $20,940 . 3 1 ; a n d t h a t t h e r e -
maining $ 5 2 , 5 9 4 . 2 3 came fr om 287 o t h e r c o m m u n i t i e s i n
t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s .
A bu dg et has been prepared fo r t he Execut ive Com-
m i t t e e w h i c h c a l l s f o r $200,000 f o r t h e y e a r 1935 . This
l a r g e i n c r e a s e i n t h e b u d g e t i s m a d e n e c e s s a r y b y t h e f a c t
t h a t t h e C o m m i t t e e h a s f o u n d i t d e s i r a b l e t o f i n a n c e c e r -
tain very impor tant and far-reaching educatio nal work
w h i c h , d u r i n g t h e p a s t y e a r , w a s f i n a n c e d f r o m p r i v a t e
s o u r c e s . T h i s f i n a n c i a l a s s i s t a n c e w a s g i v e n f o r t h i s w o r k
i n o r d e r t o t e s t i t s e f f i c a c y a n d t o a f f o r d i t a n o p p o r t u n i t y
for develop ing a pro gram, wit h the understanding that
s h o u l d t h e C o m m i t t e e f i n d i t u s e f u l , t h e C o m m i t t e e w o u l d
b e e x p e c t e d t o o b t a i n t h e f u n d s n e c e s s a r y f o r i t s c o n t i n u a -
t i o n a n d e x p a n s i o n . The resul ts of the work have been
g r a t i f y i n g , a n d , c o n v i n c e d o f t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f c a r r y i n g
i t o n , t h e C o m m i t t e e h a s g l a d l y a s s u m e d t h i s a d d i t i o n a l
b u r d e n , c o n f i d e n t t h a t o u r f r i e n d s a n d m e m b e r s t h r o u g h -
o u t t h e c o u n t r y w i l l c h e e r f u l l y c o n t r i b u t e t h e a d d i t i o n a l
f u n d s n e c e s s a r y .
I c a n n o t c l o s e t h i s r e p o r t w i t h o u t e x p r e s s i n g o u r d e e p
a p p r e c i a t i o n t o o u r C o m m i t t e e M e m b e r s a n d o t h e r f r i e n d s
t h r o u g h o u t t h e c o u n t r y f o r t h e i r f i n e c o o p e r a t i o n i n a u g -
m e n t i n g t h e s u p p o r t o f t h e i r c o m m u n i t i e s . I a m g r a t e f u l
to the members of t he Execut ive Commit tee who were
n o t o n l y e x c e p t i o n a l l y g e n e r o u s i n t h e i r c o n t r i b u t i o n s
but also enli sted the generous suppo rt o f numero us
f r i e n d s . A sincere word of appreciatio n has also b een
m e r i t e d b y o u r s e c r e t a r y , M r . Waldman, and the members
o f h i s s t a f f , e s p e c i a l l y M e s s r s . Sc hneiderman and Wallach
and Rabbi Abba Ab rams, ou r f ield r epresentative . B y
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Repo rt o f the Treasur er 9 3
h i s e f f e c t i v e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h i s w o r k , o u r S e c r e t a r y h a s
a i d e d t h e T r e a s u r e r g r e a t l y i n t h e v e r y i m p o r t a n t t a s k o f
o b t a i n i n g f u n d s i n d i s p e n s a b l e t o t h e C o m m i t t e e f o r i t s
d i v e r s i f i e d a c t i v i t i e s .
W e l o o k f o r w a r d c o n f i d e n t l y t o a u g m e n t e d c o o p e r a t i o n
o n t h e p a r t o f o u r m e m b e r s a n d f r i e n d s i n a l l p a r t s o f t h e
c o u n t r y .
R e s p e c t f u l l y s u b m i t t e d ,
SAMUEL D. L E I D E S D OR F ,
Treasurer .
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Appendix
REPORT OF THE AUDITORJ a nu a r y 4 , 1 9 3 5
T he Am e r i c a n J ew i s h Com m i t t e e
171 Madison Avenue
New York City
Gen t l emen
In acco rdance wit h your instruc tio ns, I have examined
the b o o ks and ac c o unts o f t he Amer i can Jew ish Commi t -
tee, for t he fou rteen months' p eriod beginning November
1 , 1 9 3 3 a n d en d e d D ec e m b e r 3 1 , 1 9 3 4 . This was made
necessary by r eason of a change in the fiscal year of you r
C o mm i t t e e, w h i c h f o r m e r l y e n d ed o n O c t o b e r 3 1 s t , b u t
which has now b een changed t o c oi ncid e wit h the calendar
year .
The resul ts of t his wor k are pr esented in the acco m-
panying Exhibi ts and Schedules, as fol low s
EXHIBIT "A"-Balance Sheet-General Fund-as at
D e c em b er 3 1 , 1 9 3 4 .
EXHIBIT " B " - S t a t e m e nt o f I n c o m e a nd E x p e n s es f o r
the fo u r teen mon ths ende d De cembe r
31, 1934 .
S c h e d u l e B - 1 S t a tement o f Inc ome f r om Federat i ons
a nd F o u n d a t i o n s .
B-2 S t a t e me nt o f I n c o m e f r o m C om mu n i t y
A p p e a l s .
B - 3 S t a t e me nt o f O p e r a t i o n a n d M a i n t e-
nanc e E x p enses - G e ner a l O f f i c e .
B-4 Statement of American Jewish Year
B o o k Ex penses .
9 4
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A p p e nd i x - R e p o r t o f t h e A u d i t o r 9 5
EXHIBIT "C"- Balance S heet - L ou i s Mar shal l F u nd
a s a t D e c e m b e r 3 1 , 1 9 3 4 .
EXHIBIT "D"-Balance Sheet-Sp ecial Fund for Edu-
c a t i o n a l P r o g r a m a s a t D e c e m b e r 3 1 ,
1 9 3 4 .
T h e c a s h o n h a n d w a s v e r i f i e d b y a c t u a l c o u n t ; t h e c a s h
o n d e p o s i t w i t h t h e M a n u f a c t u r e r s T r u s t C o m p a n y w h i c h
i n c l u d e d t h e T r e a s u r e r ' s a c c o u n t , t h e R e g u l a r a c c o u n t , a n d
t h e S p e c i a l a c c o u n t , a n d t h e a m o u n t s o n d e p o s i t i n t h e
E m i g r a n t s S a v i n g s B a n k , I r v i n g S a v i n g s B a n k a n d B a n k
f o r S a v i n g s w e r e c o n f i r m e d b y c e r t i f i c a t e s s u b m i t t e d b y
t h e b a n k s . T h e c a s h d i s b u r s e m e n t s w e r e v e r i f i e d b y co m-
p a r i s o n w i t h v o u c h e r s s u b m i t t e d .
I h e r e b y c e r t i f y t h a t t h e b a l a n c e s h e e t s m a r k e d E x h i b i t
" A , " E x h i b i t " C " a n d E x h i b i t " D " a n d t h e a c c o m p a n y i n g
statement of Income and Exp enses marked Exhibit "B"
a r e i n a g r e e m e n t w i t h t h e b o o k s a n d i n m y o p i n i o n a r e
p r o p e r l y d r a w n s o a s t o r e f l e c t t h e t r u e f i n a n c i a l c o n d i t i o n
o f t h e C o m m i t t e e , a t D e c e m b e r 3 1 , 1 9 3 4 a n d i t s a c t i v i t i e s
f o r t h e f o u r t e e n m o n t h s ' p e r i o d t h e n e n d e d .
R e s p e c t f u l l y s u b m i t t e d ,
( S i g n e d ) M . PARMET
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96 The Amer i c an Jew i sh Commi t tee
E x h i b i t " A "
GENERAL FUND
BALANCE SHEET-AS AT DECEMBER 31, 1934
AS SETS
CASH ON DEPOSIT
Manu f a c t u r e r s T r u s t C o m p an y $ 5 , 3 0 4 . 3 8
CASH ON HANDPett y Cash Fund0 . 0 0
F U R N IT U R E & F IXT U R E S
At Cost, 9 2 1 . 3 3
Less : R e s e r v e f o r D e p r e c i a t i o n 2 , 0 8 6 . 6 5
Net B o o k Val ue, 8 3 4 . 6 8
Lo ans Receivabl e5. 0 0
OTHER ASSETSFive Units of Certi fic ate No . 5 1
"The Shoreland"-h i c a g o -
B o o k V a l u e. 0 0DEF ER R E D CHAR G ES
Insur ance U nexpir ed4 . 6 7
TOTAL ASSE TS9 , 3 2 9 . 7 3
LIABILITIES
Accr ued E xpenses6 8 9 . 8 9
TOTAL L IABILITIES89 . 8 9
G E N E R A L F U N D S U R P L U S
Surplu s-November 1, 19331,397 . 7 2
Add : Excess of Inco me over Expenses for
1 4 Months Ended December 3 1, 193 4
a f t e r p r o v i d i i .g f or R eserve and Edu -
ca t i on a l P r o g ra m - E x hi b i t " B ", 2 4 2 . 1 2
G E N E R A L F U N D S U R P L U S - D E CE M BE R 3 1 , 1 9 3 4 $ 8 , 6 3 9 . 8 4
E x h i b i t " B "
STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENSESI N C O M E
I N C O M E F R O M M E M B E R S
Su staining Members2 3 , 1 0 3 . 3 5
C ont r i b u t in g M embe rs4 9 . 5 5
Total Inco me fro m Members23,752. 9 0
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Appendix-Report of the A u d i t o r 97
Income brou ght forward2 3 , 7 5 2 . 9 0
INCOME FROM OTHER SOURCES
Federatio ns and Fou ndations-S chedule B-1 1 7 , 7 9 4 . 3 2
Community Appeals-S chedule B-25 , 7 2 3 . 4 3
S p e c i a l I n d i v i d u a l C o n t r i b u t i o n s6 , 4 7 6 . 1 2
Liq uidating Distribu tion of $2 per share-
"The Shoreland"0 . 0 0
Total Income from Other S ourc es1 0 , 0 0 3 . 8 7TOTAL INCOME-ALL SOURCESEXPENSES AND RESERVESOperati on and Maintenance Expenses -
Schedule B-38 2 , 3 2 9 . 8 7
American Jewish Year Bo ok Expenses-
Schedule B-4, 7 5 2 . 2 8
S p e c i a l C o n t r i b u t i o n s a n d A p p r o p r i a t i o n s . . 1 5 , 4 3 2 . 5 0
$ 1 3 3 , 7 5 6 . 7 7
TOTAL EXPENSES0 1 , 5 1 4 . 6 5
EXCESS OF INCOME OVER EXPENSES3 2 , 2 4 2 . 1 2
Less Special R eserve Fund for E duc ational
P r o g r a m5 , 0 0 0 . 0 0
E x c e s s o f I n c o m e o v e r E x p e n s e s a n d R e s e r v e s $ 7 , 2 4 2 . 1 2
Schedule B-3
STATEMENT OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
EXPENSES -GENERAL OFFICE
SALARIES :
S e c r e t a r i a l a n d O f f i c e, 1 3 1 . 1 8
Research and L ibr ary, 0 5 8 . 0 5
Total4 8 , 1 8 9 . 2 3
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98 The Amer i c an Jew i sh Commi t tee
Expenses brou ght fo rward4 8 , 1 8 9 . 2 3
OTHE R EXPE N S E S
R e n t a n d L i g h t o f O f f i c e, 5 0 3 . 8 8
Postage-Current Mail, 6 6 2 . 0 4
S t a t i o n e r y a n d P r i n t i n g i n c l u d i n g 2 7 t h A n -
nual Report, 5 3 9 . 9 2
Telephone and Telegr aph, 2 0 2 . 9 0
C l i p p i n g s, 3 3 7 . 4 5
B o o k s a n d P e r i o d i c a l s, 2 6 6 . 8 4
Executi ve and G eneral Meeting Expenses . . 1 , 7 1 5 . 8 1
Legal and Aud iti ng Fees00 . 0 0
R e p a i r i n g a n d M a i n t a i n i n g O f f i c e E q u i p m e n t 8 5 . 4 7
I n s u r a n c e0 7 . 3 9
S t o r a g e o f O f f i c e R e c o r d s00 . 4 7
D e p r e c i a t i o n o f F u r n i t u r e a n d F i x t u r e s50 . 5 2
Traveling Expenses
Londo n Conference, 2 5 0 . 0 0
All Other, 6 3 7 . 4 6
Total, 8 8 7 . 4 6
Membership Campaig n Exp enses45 . 8 2
M u l t i g r a p h i n g a n d M a i l i n g , i n c l u d i n g s a l -
a r i e s, 0 3 7 . 9 0
Pamphlet Pri nting, 4 4 6 . 0 3
Tax on Checks0 . 0 2
Rental of Typewriters8 . 0 0
Kohler Memorial6 . 2 3
M i s c e l l a n e o u s O f f i c e E x p e n s e s1 , 7 7 6 . 4 6TOTAL OPERATION AN D MAINTENAN CE
EXP E N S E S - G E N E R A L O F F I C E, 3 2 9 . 8 7
Schedule B-4
STATEMENT OF AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOKEXPENSES
E d i t o r i a l S e r v i c e1 , 6 6 0. 0 0
O f f i c e S a l a r y, 9 4 6 . 6 9
M i s c e l l a n e o u s45 . 5 9
TOTAL A M E R I C A N J E W I S H Y E A R BOOK
EXPENS ES3 , 7 5 2 . 2 8
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E x h i b i t " E "
RESERVE FUND FOR EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM
BALANCE SHEET-DECEMBER 31, 1934
ASSETS
CASH ON DEPOSIT
Manufacturers Trust Co2 5 , 0 0 0 . 0 0
REPRESENTING
Reserve Fund for Educ ational Pro gram . . . . $ 2 5 , 0 0 0 . 0 0
A p p end i x - R ep o r t o f t he A u d i t o r 9 9
Exhibit "D"
L o u i s MARSHALL FUND
BALANCE SHEET-DECEMBER 31, 1934
ASSETS
CASH ON DEPOSIT
Emigrant Industr ial S avings Bank7 , 6 3 4 . 4 7
Irvi ng Savings Bank, 2 3 6 . 1 5
Bank for S avings, 4 6 1 . 0 7
TOTAL ASSETS1 5 , 3 3 1 . 6 9
REPRESENTINGL o u i s Marshal l F und Su r p l us-alance-
N"vember 1, 19331 4 , 9 4 2 . 1 8
A d d : I n t e r e s t o n B a n k B a l a n c e s8 9 . 5 1
TOTAL LOUIS MARSHALL FUND SURPLUS-DECEMBER 3 1 , 1 9 3 41 5 , 3 3 1 . 6 9
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Add ress by
N e v i l l e L a s k i , E s q . , K . C .
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ADDRESS BY NEVILLE LASKI, K . C .
President, Board of Deputi es of Bri tish Jews
Mr. C h a i r m a n , L a d i e s a n d G e n t l e m e n :
I lit tle thoug ht, when I met Dr . Adl er recently at a meet-
i n g o f t h e B o ar d o f D ep u t i e s, t h at I s ho u l d , n o t m an y
m o n t hs a f t e r w a r d , h a v e t he p r i v i l e g e o f h a v i n g y o u r A n -
nual Meeting fixed so t hat I coul d attend . I am glad I at-
t en d e d f o r m o r e t han o ne r eas o n . You , repr esentatives of
t he Amer i c an Je w r y , have s o o f t en c o me t o En g l an d an d t o
the Continent to c onsult w ith us and give us the advantage
o f y o u r e x p er i e n c e a nd w i s e c o u n s el , a nd s o v e r y r a r e l y
h av e w e r ec i p r o c a t ed b y c o m i n g t o y o u t o p l a c e o u r s m al l
experience and i ntelligence at your disposal . And I hope
that c oming in my of fici al capacity w ith the full consent and
a p p r o v a l o f t h o s e o v e r w h o m I p r e s i d e , m a y e s t a b l i s h a
t r a d i t i o n o f mo r e f r e q u en t m u t u a l i n t e r c hang e o f v i s i t s .
I think that it is appro pri ate that at this meeting I should
o b s e r v e o ne o r t w o o f t h e t h i ng s t o w h i c h D r . Ad ler has
refer red in his d ist ing u i shed ad d ress . T h e f i r s t m a t t e r
w h i c h I c h o o s e f o r r e f e r e nc e i s t h e m o v e me n t f o r a s o -
called World Jewish Congress. This is not a new idea
and it is a matter which, if you wil l fo rgi ve me for stress-
i n g i t , c o n c e r n s t h o s e o f u s w h o l i v e i n t h e O l d W o r l d
r a t h er m o r e t h a n y o u w h o l i v e i n t h e N e w W o r l d , b e c a u s e
w e a r e n ea r e r a c e n t e r o f s t o r m a n d a g i t a t i o n t h a n y o u .
And I think sometimes the pro po nents of t hat idea in this
g reat c o unt r y , have a detachment f r o m the Eu r o pean scene
whic h makes them a li ttl e less info rmed and a litt le less
ca pab le o f j u d g in g o f the ev i l im p l i c a t i on s that w i l l i n o u r
o p i n i o n i n ev i t a b l y f o l l o w .
103
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1 0 4 The Americ an Jewish Commit tee
W e h a v e , n o t o n l y i n E n g l a n d b u t i n H o l l a n d , B e l g i u m ,
a n d F r a n c e , f o u r n o t u n i m p o r t a n t c o m m u n i t i e s o f t h e O l d
W o r l d J e w i s h c o m m u n i t i e s , c o n s i d e r e d t h i s q u e s t i o n . And
w e h a v e c o n s i d e r e d i t a n d I c h o s e m y a d j e c t i v e s c a r e f u l l y
i n t e n d i n g t h a t f u l l w e i g h t s h a l l b e g i v e n t o t h e q u a l i t y o f
e a c h o f t h e m - w e h a v e c o n s i d e r e d t h i s q u e s t i o n i m p e r s o n -
a l l y a n d w e h a v e c o n s i d e r e d i t i n t e l l e c t u a l l y . I h a v e r e a d ,
s o f a r a s I c o u l d l a y h a n d s u p o n i t , a l l t h e l i t e r a t u r e a n d
s p e e c h e s , a n d t h e y h a v e b e e n v o l u m i n o u s , w h i c h h a v e b e e n
a d v a n c e d b y t h o s e w h o f a v o r t h i s i d e a . I h a v e n o d o u b t
t h e r e a r e c e r t a i n l i m i t a t i o n s w h i c h a l a w y e r ' s t r a i n i n g i m -
p o s e s u p o n h i s a b i l i t y i n t e l l e c t u a l l y t o g r a s p t h i n g s . I c a n
o n l y s a y t h a t I f e e l t h a t s o m e t i m e s t h e l a n g u a g e o f a d -
v o c a c y o n t h e p a r t o f t h e p e o p l e w h o w i s h f o r t h i s W o r l d
J e w i s h C o n g r e s s , l a c k s c o n c r e t e n e s s a n d p r e c i s i o n a n d
s e e m s s o m e t i m e s t o c o m e f r o m a l y r i c a l c l o u d l a n d r a t h e r
t L a n t o b e l o n g t o a w o r l d o f r e a l i t y i n w h i c h , f o r t u n a t e l y
o r u n f o r t u n a t e l y , w e l i v e .
T h i s s u m m e r , w e w e r e a g a i n i n v i t e d b y o n e o f t h e m o s t
p e r s u a s i v e a n d c o m p e t e n t a d v o c a t e s o f t h i s i d e a , D r . G o l d -
m a n n , t o a d h e r e t o i t , a n d h e a d d r e s s e d a s p e c i a l l y a r -
r a n g e d m e e t i n g i n P a r i s , w h i c h M r . Waldman att ended .
' T h e r e w e r e p r e s e n t a t t h a t m e e t i n g o u t s t a n d i n g r e p r e s e n -
t a t i v e s o f t h e E n g l i s h , D u t c h , B e l g i a n , a n d F r e n c h c o m -
m u n i t i e s , a p p r o a c h i n g t h e p r o b l e m f r o m e x a c t l y t h e b a s i s
I h a v e i n d i c a t e d , a n d i t w a s o n c e m o r e u n h e s i t a t i n g l y
turned dow n . W e w e r e t h e n a s k e d t o s e n d o b s e r v e r s t o
- t h e m e e t i n g , a n d w e t u r n e d t h a t d o w n t o o b e c a u s e w e w e r e
n o t p r e p a r e d t o b e l i e v e t h a t w e s h o u l d a l t e r f r o m o u r p o i n t
o f v i e w ; i f w e t r i e d t o r e t a i n o u r q u a l i t y o f o b s e r v e r s w e
w o u l d v e r y s o o n b e t r a n s l a t e d i n t o a d h e r e n t s .
I h a v e o n l y h e a r d D r . A d l e r r e a d w h a t I a m s u r e i s t h e
considered view of the American Jewish Committee . I
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b e l i e v e i t t o b e t h e c o n s i d e r e d v i e w o f t h e m a j o r i t y o f r i g h t
t h i n k i n g A m e r i c a n J e w s . I t i s c e r t a i n l y t h e v i e w o f t h o s e
c o u n t r i e s I h a v e m e n t i o n e d , a n d i f t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h
C o m m i t t e e a n d t h e a c c r e d i t e d h e a d s o f t h e f o u r g r e a t
c o m m u n i t i e s I h a v e m e n t i o n e d , r e f u s e t o a d h e r e t o t h i s
W o r l d J e w i s h C o n g r e s s , i t s e e m s t o m e i t w i l l b e s o m e w h a t
o f a f a r c e t o c o n t i n u e w i t h t h e i d e a .
W e a r e a l w a y s p r e p a r e d , o f c o u r s e , t o c o n s i d e r a n y f r e s h
a r g u m e n t s t h a t w i l l b e p u t f o r w a r d . I d o n ' t b e l i e v e t h e r e
a r e a n y f r e s h a r g u m e n t s . T h e m a t t e r h a s b e e n p e n d i n g s o
l o n g t h a t w e h a v e p r o b a b l y e x h a u s t e d s u c h i n t e l l e c t u a l i t y
a s c o u l d b e b r o u g h t i n t o t h e d e b a t e . B u t i f t h e r e a r e n e w
a r g u m e n t s l e t t h e m b e b r o u g h t f o r w a r d n o w a n d w e a r e
a l w a y s s t r o n g e n o u g h t o c h a n g e o u r m i n d s . But I do
feel, coming from Euro pe, from the Old World to t he
N e w , t h a t I c a n s a y t h a t I w o u l d r e g a r d i t , a n d m y f r i e n d s
w o u l d r e g a r d i t , a s a d i s a s t e r t h a t t h i s i d e a s h o u l d g o
forward . I n s o f a r a s t h e p r o o f o f t h e p u d d i n g i s i n t h e
e a t i n g , l e t m e s a y t h i s : J e w s a n d n o n - J e w s h a v e s t u d i e d
w i t h c a r e w h a t i s g r a n d i l o q u e n t l y c a l l e d t h e p r o t o c o l s o f
t h e t h r e e p r e l i m i n a r y c o n f e r e n c e s o r c o n g r e s s e s t h a t h a v e
t a k e n p l a c e a t G e n e v a . I s a y n o t h i n g , i n f a c t I s a y e v e r y -
t h i n g f o r t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e o r a t o r y , a s s h e e r o r a t o r y ,
w h i c h d i s t i n g u i s h e d t h o s e p r o c e e d i n g s , b u t I h a v e y e t t o
f i n d , a f t e r c a r e f u l s c r u t i n y , t h a t t h e r e e m e r g e d f r o m e i t h -
e r o f t h e m o n e s i n g l e c o n s t r u c t i v e i d e a t h a t h a s a d v a n c e d
in any w ay any of the many pr ob lems that harass us .
I a l s o w a n t t o s a y t h i s . I t m a y b e w i t h i n t h e k n o w l e d g e
o f s o m e o f y o u t h a t I h a v e s o m e w h a t w a n d e r e d a b o u t t h e
e a r t h d u r i n g t h e l a s t t w o y e a r s i n p u r s u a n c e o f m y p r o p e r
b u s i n e s s a s p r e s i d e n t o f t h e B o a r d , a n d C h a i r m a n o f t h e
J o i n t F o r e i g n C o m m i t t e e , a n d I w a s a t G e n e v a d u r i n g t h e
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1 0 6 The Americ an Jewi sh Commit tee
l a s t a s s e m b l y o f . t h e L e a g u e , a n d I c a n s a y f r o m m y o w n
r e s p o n s i b i l i t y a n d k n o w l e d g e t h a t t h e r e w a s a r e p r e s e n t a -
t i v e o f a g r e a t p o w e r w h o r e f u s e d t o s e e m e a n d a c e r t a i n
o t h e r p e r s o n w i t h w h o m I w a s w o r k i n g a t t h a t t i m e , b e -
c a u s e o f t h e o f f e n s e h e t o o k a b o u t a s p e e c h m a d e b y a c e r -
t a i n i n d i v i d u a l a t t h e l a s t m e e t i n g o f t h e W o r l d J e w i s h
C o n f e r e n c e .
J e w s o u g h t n o t i n l a r g e m e a s u r e t o d e a l w i t h t h e s e d e l i -
c a t e q u e s t i o n s i n v o l v i n g p e r h a p s t h e l i v e s o f f e l l o w - J e w s ,
u n l e s s t h e y h a v e a c e r t a i n t e c h n i c a l t r a i n i n g i n t h e s e m a t -
t e r s , w h i c h i s p a i n f u l l y a c q u i r e d , a n d I s a y , a l s o w i t h d e -
l i b e r a t i o n , t h a t m y e x p e r i e n c e i s t h a t p u b l i c b u s i n e s s i s n o t
t r a n s a c t e d n o r m a l l y a t p u b l i c m e e t i n g s .
I a m p r o u d a l s o t o b e h e r e f o r a n o t h e r r e a s o n . Ever
s i n c e t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e ,
you have been the corr espondents, the valued corre-
s p o n d e n t s o f o u r s e l v e s , o f t h e F r e n c h , o f t h e B e l g i a n s , a n d
o f t h e D u t c h , a n d w e h a v e r e t a i n e d t h a t c o r r e s p o n d e n c e
f o r t h i s r e a s o n , i f f o r n o o t h e r , t h a t y o u s p e a k i n t h e s a m e
t e m p o a s w e d o . Y o u r a p p r o a c h t o y o u r p r o b l e m s a n d t o
o u r w o r l d J e w i s h p r o b l e m i s t h e s a m e a s o u r s . We have
n o o b j e c t i o n w h a t e v e r , i n d e e d w e h a v e c o n t a c t s t h e s a m e
a s y o u r s e l f w h i c h w e v a l u e , w i t h o t h e r b o d i e s , i n c l u d i n g
the American Jewish Congress. W e r e s p e c t t h e i r p o i n t
o f v i e w a n d k n o w t h e y w i l l r e s p e c t o u r s , b u t w e m u s t b e g
l e a v e t o d i f f e r , a n d a g r e e t o d i f f e r b e c a u s e o u r a p p r o a c h i s
a n e n t i r e l y d i f f e r e n t a p p r o a c h .
I d o n ' t t h i n k m y s e l f , a n d I s a y i t w i t h e m p h a s i s , t h a t
t h e m e r e r e p e t i t i o n o f p r o t e s t s i s o f a n y r e a l v a l u e . I t i s
o f v a l u e p e r h a p s a s s a t i s f y i n g t h e e m o t i o n a l u r g e t h a t i s
w i t h i n o u r s e l v e s , b u t i f y o u c r y " W o l f ! " t o o o f t e n p e o p l e
b e g i n t o d i s r e g a r d i t . A n d w e h a v e f o u n d , i n E n g l a n d a t
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a n y r a t e , w h i c h i s r a t h e r n e a r e r t o G e r m a n y t h a n A m e r i c a ,
t h a t p r o t e s t s b y J e w s , w h i l s t t h e y m a y s a t i s f y - a n d I a m
s u r e t h e y d o s a t i s f y , b e c a u s e o n e h a s s e e n t h e s a t i s f a c t i o n
r a d i a t i n g i n t h e f a c e s o f o r a t o r s a n d a u d i e n c e s - w h i l e t h e y
d o s a t i s f y t h e e m o t i o n o f t h e J e w s w h o g e t u p t h e m e e t i n g ,
s e r v e n o u s e f u l p u r p o s e , a n d w e f e l t t h a t a m e e t i n g t h a t
w a s h e l d a t Q u e e n s H a l l u n d e r t h e c h a i r m a n s h i p o f L o r d
B u c k m a s t e r , a d d r e s s e d b y t h e A r c h b i s h o p , t h e h e a d o f t h e
f r e e c h u r c h e s , a n d t h e h e a d o f t h e C a t h o l i c l a i t y o f E n g -
l a n d , w a s a f a r m o r e d i s t i n g u i s h e d c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e
c a u s e o f t h e G e r m a n J e w s .
O f c o u r s e , t h e v i e w t h a t I p u t f o r w a r d I k n o w i s n o t
e v e r y b o d y ' s v i e w , b u t w e d o e n d e a v o r t o p u t f o r w a r d t h e s e
v i e w s i m p e r s o n a l l y , w i t h o u t h e a t . I w o u l d l i k e t o f e e l
t h a t t h e r e c o u l d b e u n i f i c a t i o n o f J e w i s h a f f a i r s e v e r y -
where . W e i n E n g l a n d a r e a u n i f i e d c o m m u n i t y . We ar e
a c o n s t i t u t i o n a l b o d y w h i c h o f c o u r s e h a s t h e a d v a n t a g e o f
a l o n g h i s t o r y d a t i n g b a c k t o 1 7 6 0 , a n d I w o u l d l i k e t o g i v e
y o u a n i n s t a n c e , i f I m a y , o f t h e m i s c h i e f o f t h e s e i n t e r -
n a t i o n a l a s s e m b l i e s . We in Euro pe have been much op -
p r e s s e d b y w h a t a r e k n o w n a s t h e " P r o t o c o l s o f t h e E l d e r s
o f Z i o n . " T h e G e r m a n G o v e r n m e n t , w h i c h h a s u n l i m i t a b l e
m e a n s f o r e v e r y t h i n g e x c e p t t h e h o n o r a b l e d i s c h a r g e o f
h e r d e b t s , h a s s p e n t m i l l i o n s o f m a r k s i n s e n d i n g t h o s e
p r o t o c o l s i n t o a l m o s t e v e r y c o u n t r y of E u r o p e , i n c l u d i n g
t h e t w o l i b e r a l - m i n d e d S c a n d i n a v i a n c o u n t r i e s , a n d o n a n
i g n o r a n t a n d c r e d u l o u s p o p u l a t i o n t h e y h a v e h a d a v e r y
c o n s i d e r a b l e e f f e c t , a n d s o l o n g a s t h e N a z i r e g i m e a n d i t s
p r e s e n t i n t e n s i t y o f J e w - h a t r e d a n d J e w - b a i t i n g c o n t i n u e s ,
s o l o n g w i t h g r e a t e r i n t e n s i t y w i l l t h e N a z i r e g i m e p r o p a -
g a t e t h a t p e r n i c i o u s d o c t r i n e t h a t t h e r e i s a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l
p o l i t i c a l J e w r y .
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1 0 8 The Americ an Jewi sh Committ ee
C a n y o u a t t h i s t i m e , w h a t e v e r m a y b e t h e p r o p r i e t y o f
a n o t h e r t i m e - c a n y o u c o n c e i v e o f a n y t h i n g m o r e i n t h e
n a t u r e o f p l a y i n g i n t o t h e h a n d s o f y o u r e n e m y t h a n d e -
l i b e r a t e l y t o e r e c t t h e v e r y i n t e r n a t i o n a l p o l i t i c a l a s s e m b l i e s
w h i c h y o u a r e a t p a i n s t o d e n y e x i s t ? I t s e e m s t o m e t h a t
i f y o u w a n t t o e s t a b l i s h , i n s t e a d o f d i s - e s t a b l i s h , t h e v a l i d -
i t y o f t h e p r o t o c o l s a s b e i n g a n e x e m p l a r o f t h e t y p e o f
o r g a n i z a t i o n s e c r e t i v e i n t h e J e w i s h c o m m u n i t y , w i t h t h e
o b j e c t s t h a t a r e i n d i c a t e d a s b e i n g t h e o b j e c t s o f t h e
l e a r n e d E l d e r s o f Z i o n , t h a t y o u c o u l d n ' t c h o o s e a m o r e
s p e e d y o r m o r e e f f e c t i v e m e t h o d o f s a v i n g t h e G e r m a n
G o v e r n m e n t m o n e y a n d g i v i n g t h e p o p u l a t i o n o f E u r o p e
t h e p r o o f o f t h a t w h i c h t h e G e r m a n G o v e r n m e n t a l l e g e s .
T o m e i t i s a v e r y r e a l t h i n g . I b e l i e v e i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l
c o n f e r e n c e , b u t I b e l i e v e i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o n f e r e n c e w i t h i n
l i m i t s , a n d I b e l i e v e i n i t p r o p o r t i o n e d t o t h e u s e t h a t c a n
b e m a d e o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o n f e r e n c e .
I t i s k n o w n t h a t f r o m t i m e t o t i m e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e
J e w r y , h a v i n g a c o m m o n p r o b l e m a n d f e e l i n g t h a t m e e t i n g
f a c e t o f a c e w i l l b e f a r m o r e a d v a n t a g e o u s t h a n t h e e x -
c h a n g e o f l e t t e r s , d o m e e t . I h a v e a t t e n d e d m a n y . I am
sure Dr . A d l e r i n h i s l o n g a n d d i s t i n g u i s h e d c a r e e r h a s
a t t e n d e d m a n y a l s o . H o w e v e r , t o h a v e t h i s f o r m o f c o n -
t i n u o u s s e s s i o n s e e m s t o m e t o b e a w a s t e o f t i m e , a w a s t e
o f m o n e y , a n d a w a s t e o f s u c h s a f e t y a s r e m a i n s t o t h e
J e w i s h p e o p l e . I t i s a l l v e r y w e l l h a v i n g c o n f e r e n c e s i n
r e l a t i o n t o s p e c i f i c p r o b l e m s s u c h a s P a l e s t i n e a n d r e l i e f ,
b u t i t i s a m u c h d i f f e r e n t t h i n g t o h a v e u n l i m i t e d a n d
f o r m a l c o n f e r e n c e s r e l a t i n g t o p o l i t i c a l a f f a i r s . One know s
a b o u t t h e P o w e r s a t c o n f e r e n c e s r e l a t i n g t o p o l i t i c a l a f -
f a i r s , t h a t w h a t e v e r t h e y m a y d o i n t h e o p e n n o o n e b e l i e v e s
t h a t t h e o p e n s t a t e m e n t i s a n y t h i n g l i k e t h e m e a s u r e o f t h e
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A d d r e s s b y N e v i l l e L a s k i , K . C . 1 0 9
f a c t s w h i c h l i e b e n e a t h t h e s u r f a c e . And the same thing
w i l l b e s a i d o f u s .
I f e e l v e r y s t r o n g l y o n t h i s s u b j e c t , a s a E u r o p e a n J e w ,
a n d s o d o m a n y o t h e r s o f m y f r i e n d s . I h o p e y o u f e e l j u s t
a s s t r o n g l y a n d c o m e t o a r e a l i z a t i o n o f t h e s e d a n g e r s . I
know that there are many Jews in Eastern Euro pe-and
b e l i e v e m e t h a t n o o n e w h o h a s s e e n t h e m a s t h e y l i v e c a n
h e l p b u t h a v e s y m p a t h y f o r t h e m i n t h e c o n d i t i o n s i n
which they live-who yearn to have some of t hat free
e x p r e s s i o n w h i c h t h e y a r e u n a b l e t o g e t i n t h e i r o w n c o u n -
t r y . W e c a n s y m p a t h i z e w i t h t h a t w i s h , b u t w e c a n n o t
s u b m i t t o i t i n a f f a i r s r e l a t i n g t o w o r l d J e w r y a n d t o t h e
o b l i g a t i o n s o f c i t i z e n s h i p i n o u r r e s p e c t i v e c o u n t r i e s .
T h i s w o r l d c o n g r e s s i d e a m u s t b e r e s i s t e d . We must
p l a y n o p a r t i n i t , a n d I f e e l t h a t w e m u s t , a s p l a i n l y a s
p o s s i b l e , g i v e t h e r e a s o n s w h i c h i n d u c e u s t o r e f u s e t o t a k e
p a r t . We have in Engl and- where the qu esti on has not
a i s e n i n q u i t e s o p r e s s i n g a f o r m - g i v e n a p u b l i c , r e a s o n e d
s t a t e m e n t o f o u r a t t i t u d e .
I e n d b y s a y i n g t h a t i t w o u l d b e i m p e r t i n e n t o f m e t o
i n t e r f e r e w i t h r e g a r d t o a m a t t e r o f p u r e l y A m e r i c a n ,
d o m e s t i c J e w i s h p o l i t i c s . I h a v e n o t d o n e t h a t b e c a u s e
t h e d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s a n d
t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e a r e m a t t e r s u p o n w h i c h ,
i f I m a y u s e a n A m e r i c a n i s m w h i c h I h a v e a c q u i r e d s i n c e
I h a v e b e e n h e r e , I d o n o t p r o p o s e t o p a s s . I am not
g o i n g t o h a n d d o w n a n y j u d g m e n t o n t h a t ; t h a t i s y o u r
b u s i n e s s , n o t m i n e . B u t t ! - e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e A m e r i -
c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e a n d t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o n g r e s s
o n t h e m a t t e r o f t h e W o r l d J e w i s h C o n g r e s s i s m y b u s i n e s s
a n d E u r o p e ' s b u s i n e s s a s m u c h a s y o u r s . On this I am
e n t i t l e d t o s p e a k a n d I h a v e s p o k e n .
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1 1 0 The Ameri can Jewish Commit tee
There is only one more thing I w ant t o say .
I have had some co nsiderabl e time in contact wi th Mr .
Waldman and t he others assoc iated wi th him, and I have
been much impressed, if I may be permitt ed to say so, as
one who is head in another co untry of a large of fic e, wit h
the effi ciency with which it is conduct ed . A n d I m a y b e
a schnorr er on behalf of the Ameri can Jewish Committ ee,
b u t i f y o u w ant y o u r o r g a ni z a t i o n t o f u n c t i o n y o u m u st
provid e the fuel and o il w herewith it functio ns . Workcannot be do ne in this sphere wi thou t money and I d o
humbly agr ee wi th what Dr . Ad ler said t hat so of ten we
are dealing w ith intangibl es . W h a t I h a ve s ee n o f t h e
wor k of the American Jewish Committee fil ls me with ad-
miratio n and in certain aspects wi th envy, and I do hope
it w ill have the unstinted suppo rt not o nly of t his large
audience, but of t he larger community out side .
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Ac t o f Inc o r p o ra t i on
B y - L a w s
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ACT OF INCORPORATION
AN A c r t o i n c o r p o r a t e t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e .
B e c a m e a l a w M a r c h 1 6 , 1 9 1 1 , w i t h t h e a p p r o v a l of t h e
Governor . P a s s e d , t h r e e - f i f t h s b e i n g p r e s e n t . Sec . 3
a m e n d e d i n 1 9 3 0 .
T he P e o p l e o f t h e S t a t e o f N e w Y o r k , r e p r e s en t e d in
Senate and Assembl y, do enact as foll ow s :
Sec . 1 . M a y e r S u l z b e r g e r , J u l i a n W . Mack, Jacob H .
H o l l a n d e r , J u l i u s R o s e n w a l d , C y r u s A d l e r , H a r r y C u t l e r ,
Samuel Dor f, Judah L . M a g n e s , J a c o b H . S c h i f f , I s a d o r
S o b e l , C y r u s L . S u l z b e r g e r , A . L e o W e i l a n d L o u i s M a r -
s h a l l , a n d t h e i r a s s o c i a t e s a n d s u c c e s s o r s , a r e h e r e b y c o n -
s t i t u t e d a b o d y c o r p o r a t e , i n p e r p e t u i t y , u n d e r t h e n a m e
of The Ameri can Jewish Commit tee ; a n d b y t h a t n a m e
s h a l l p o s s e s s a l l o f t h e p o w e r s w h i c h b y t h e g e n e r a l c o r -
p o r a t i o n l a w a r e c o n f e r r e d u p o n c o r p o r a t i o n s , a n d s h a l l
b e c a p a b l e o f t a k i n g , h o l d i n g a n d a c q u i r i n g , b y d e e d , g i f t ,
p u r c h a s e , b e q u e s t , d e v i s e , o r b y j u d i c i a l o r d e r o r d e c r e e ,
a n y e s t a t e , r e a l o r p e r s o n a l , i n t r u s t o r o t h e r w i s e , w h i c h
s h a l l b e n e c e s s a r y o r u s e f u l f o r t h e u s e s a n d p u r p o s e s o f
t h e c o r p o r a t i o n , t o t h e a m o u n t o f t h r e e m i l l i o n s o f d o l l a r s .
S e c . 2 . T h e o b j e c t s o f t h i s c o r p o r a t i o n s h a l l b e , t o p r e -
v e n t t h e i n f r a c t i o n o f t h e c i v i l a n d r e l i g i o u s r i g h t s o f J e w s ,
i n a n y p a r t o f t h e w o r l d ; t o r e n d e r a l l l a w f u l a s s i s t a n c e
a n d t o t a k e a p p r o p r i a t e r e m e d i a l a c t i o n i n t h e e v e n t o f
t h r e a t e n e d o r a c t u a l i n v a s i o n o r r e s t r i c t i o n o f s u c h r i g h t s ,
o r o f u n f a v o r a b l e d i s c r i m i n a t i o n w i t h r e s p e c t t h e r e t o; t o
s e c u r e f o r J e w s e q u a l i t y o f e c o n o m i c , s o c i a l a n d e d u c a -
t i o n a l o p p o r t u n i t y ; t o a l l e v i a t e t h e c o n s e q u e n c e s o f p e r -
s e c u t i o n a n d t o a f f o r d r e l i e f f r o m c a l a m i t i e s a f f e c t i n g
Jews, wherever they may o cc ur ; a n d t o c o m p a s s t h e s e
1 1 3
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1 1 4 The Ameri can Jewish Commit tee
ends to administer any r elief f und w hich shall c ome into
its po ssession or whic h may be received by it, in tru st or
otherwise, fo r any of the aforesaid objects or f or p urpo ses
co mprehended therein .
S ec . 3 . T h e b u s i n e s s a n d a f f a i r s o f s a i d c o r p o r a t i o n s h a l l
be conduct ed by a board of not less than fifteen or more
than thirty ,* t o b e known as the Execut ive Committ ee. The
members of t he Execu ti ve Committ ee shall b e di vid ed
i n t o t h r e e c l a s s e s , t h e f i r s t o f w h i c h s h a l l h o l d o f f i c e u n t i l
January fir st nineteen hundred and thirt y- one, the second
for one year thereafter, and the third fo r tw o years there-
after, and suc h members of the Executi ve Committ ee as
may b e hereaft er added t o said Committ ee shall i n like
manner be appo rti oned to said three classes . At the ex-
p i r a t i on of the term of any membe r o f t he Exe cu t i ve
Committ ee his succ essor shall be elected fo r t he term of
three years . Al l vacanci es which may o ccu r i n said Ex-
ecuti ve Committee shall b e fil led u ntil the ensui ng year
by said Committee . An annual electi on fo r t he members
of said Execu ti ve Committ ee shall be held at such time
and in suc h manner as shall be fi xed by t he by -l aws now
in for ce or hereafter adop ted by said Execut ive Commit-
t e e . A q u o r u m o f s a i d E x e c u t i v e Co m mi t t e e s ha l l b e
fixed by the By-L aws, bu t no By-L aw shall b e ado pted,
amended or repealed wi thou t the presence of a majori ty
of the members of said Commit tee for the time being ;
p r o v i de d , h ow eve r, tha t the B y - L a ws wi t h res pe c t t o
membership in the cor por ation shall not be altered, revised
or amended except as pro vided in section fo ur of this act .
S ec . 4 . The members of said co rp or atio n shall c onsist
of the persons who shall b e desig nated and chosen for
*A bil l amending t he Charter to i ncrease this number to fif ty i s now pending .
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By-Laws 1 1 5
membership by such method or method s and by such or-
g a n i z a t i o n s , s o c i e t i e s a n d n o m i n a t i n g b o d i e s a s s h a l l b e
pro vided in By-Laws to be adop ted for t hat pur pose by
the Execut ive Committee, such By- Laws being, however,
s u b j e c t t o a l t e r a t i o n , r e v i s i o n o r a m e n d m e n t a t a n y r e g u -
lar meeting of the members of t he cor por ation or at a
meeting called for such purpo se ; p r o v i d e d t h a t t h i r t y
d a y s ' n o t i c e b e g i v e n o f t h e p r o p o s e d c h a n g e a n d t h a t s u c h
a l t e r a t i o n , r e v i s i o n o r a m e n d m e n t s h a l l b e c a r r i e d b y a
m a j o r i t y o f a t l e a s t t w e n t y v o t e s ; a n d n o t o t h e r w i s e .
S e c . 5 . T h i s a c t s h a l l t a k e e f f e c t i m m e d i a t e l y .
BY-LAWS
I . MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE
The Cor po rate members of t he Commit tee, who f or
pu rp oses of c onvenience shall be known as the General
C o m m i t t e e , s h a l l b e o f t h r e e c l a s s e s
Class A. Community Representatives .
C l a s s B . D e l e g a t e s f r o m N a t i o n a l J e w i s h o r g a n i z a t i o n s .
C l a s s C . M e m b e r s - a t - l a r g e .
II . MEMBERS OF CLASS A
1 . Communit y R epresentatives shall be chosen for
t h r e e y e a r s a n d s h a l l b e a p p o r t i o n e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h
t h e J e w i s h p o p u l a t i o n o f t h e v a r i o u s c i t i e s a n d s t a t e s o f
t h e c o u n t r y , a s e s t i m a t e d , f r o m t i m e t o t i m e , b y t h e S t a -
tistic al Department of the Committ ee, on the foll owi ng
b a s i s , t o w i t : F o r e a c h c i t y w i t h a J e w i s h p o p u l a t i o n o f
f r o m 1 , 0 0 0 t o 2 0 , 0 0 0 s o u l s , o n e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e ; f o r e a c h
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1 1 6 The Amer i c an Jew i sh Commi t tee
c i t y w i t h a J e w i s h p o p u l a t i o n o f 2 0 , 0 0 0 s o u l s o r o v e r , u p
t o 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 , t w o r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s; f o r c i t i e s w i t h a J e w i s h
p o p u l a t i o n o v e r 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 , o n e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e f o r e a c h
2 5 , 0 0 0 u p t o 1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 , a n d o n e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e f o r e a c h
1 0 0 , 0 0 0 t h e r e a f t e r ; f o r e a c h s t a t e h a v i n g n o c i t i e s w i t h a
J e w i s h p o p u l a t i o n o f 1 , 0 0 0 o r o v e r , o n e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e .
2 . C o m m u n i t y R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s s h a l l b e e l e c t e d b y t h e
S u s t a i n i n g M e m b e r s r e s i d i n g i n e a c h c i t y e n t i t l e d t o a
r e p r e s e n t a t i v e , o r i n s u c h s t a t e s a s h a v e n o c i t i e s e n t i t l e d
t o r e p r e s e n t a t i o n , i n t h e m a n n e r d e s c r i b e d i n S e c t i o n 3
o f t h i s a r t i c l e , e x c e p t t h a t i n t h o s e c i t i e s i n w h i c h t h e
C o m m i t t e e d e r i v e s i t s s u p p o r t f r o m l o c a l f e d e r a t i o n s , t h e
b o a r d s o f d i r e c t o r s o f s u c h f e d e r a t i o n s s h a l l e l e c t t h e c o m -
m u n i t y r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s ; p r o v i d e d , h o w e v e r , t h a t t h e e x -
i s t i n g m e m b e r s h i p o f t h e C o m m i t t e e b e n o t a f f e c t e d u n t i l
t h e t e r m s f o r w h i c h t h e y h a v e b e e n e l e c t e d s h a l l h a v e
e x p i r e d , a n d p r o v i d e d , f u r t h e r , t h a t w h e r e v e r t h p l a n o f
a p p o r t i o n m e n t d e s c r i b e d i n S e c t i o n 1 c a l l s f o r t h e e l e c t i o n
o f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s i n a d d i t i o n t o t h o s e w h o a r e m e m b e r s
o f t h e C o m m i t t e e a t t h e t i m e t h i s B y - L a w i s a d o p t e d ,
s u c h a d d i t i o n a l m e m b e r s s h a l l b e e l e c t e d f o r o n e y e a r b y
t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e , b u t t h e r e a f t e r t h e y s h a l l b e
e l e c t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e p r o c e d u r e d e s c r i b e d i n
S e c t i o n 3 o f t h i s a r t i c l e .
3 . C o m m u n i t y R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s t o f i l l v a c a n c i e s o r t o
succeed Members whose terms expire upon the date of
t h e e n s u i n g A n n u a l M e e t i n g s h a l l b e e l e c t e d i n t h e f o l l o w -
ing manner : T h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e s h a l l a p p o i n t a
Nominating Commit tee of fo ur teen corp orate members .
N o t l a t e r t h a n t h e f i r s t o f O c t o b e r o f e a c h y e a r , t h e N o m -
i n a t i n g C o m m i t t e e s h a l l , b y m a i l , n o t i f y S u s t a i n i n g M e m -
b e r s t h a t n o m i n a t i o n s a r e i n o r d e r , s u b m i t t i n g l i s t s o f t h e
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By-Laws 1 1 7
e x i s t i n g o r p r o s p e c t i v e v a c a n c i e s , t o g e t h e r w i t h a l i s t o f
p e r s o n s w h o m i t n o m i n a t e s t o f i l l s u c h v a c a n c i e s . The
S u s t a i n i n g M e m b e r s s h a l l b e i n v i t e d t o m a k e n o m i n a t i o n s
i n t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e C o m m u n i t i e s , o t h e r t h a n t h o s e p r o -
po sed by the Nominati ng Commit tee, each such inde-
p e n d e n t n o m i n e e t o b e s e c o n d e d b y a t l e a s t t w o S u s t a i n i n g
M e m b e r s r e s i d e n t i n t h e c o m m u n i t y . A f t e r t h e w i l l i n g -
n e s s o f t h e n o m i n e e s t o s e r v e h a s b e e n a s c e r t a i n e d , t h e
i n d e p e n d e n t n o m i n e e s h a v i n g b e e n i n f o r m e d o f t h e n a m e s
o f t h e c a n d i d a t e s o f t h e N o m i n a t i n g C o m m i t t e e , a b a l l o t
f o r e a c h c i t y o r s t a t e b e a r i n g t h e n a m e s o f a l l n o m i n e e s
w h o h a v e a c c e p t e d t h e n o m i n a t i o n s h a l l b e s e n t b y m a i l , n o t
l a t e r t h a n D e c e m b e r 1 , t o e a c h S u s t a i n i n g M e m b e r , w h o
s h a l l b e i n v i t e d t o i n d i c a t e h i s p r e f e r e n c e a n d t o r e t u r n
t h e b a l l o t t o t h e o f f i c e o f t h e C o m m i t t e e . T h e b a l l o t s h a l l
i n d i c a t e w h i c h n o m i n e e s h a v e b e e n s e l e c t e d b y t h e N o m -
i n a t i n g C o m m i t t e e a n d w h i c h b y i n d e p e n d e n t n o m i n a t i o n
a n d s h a l l b e r e t u r n e d b y t h e v o t e r i n a s e a l e d e n v e l o p e
marked : " BA L LOT cast b yfi t yt a t e . "
T h e p o l l s s h a l l b e c l o s e d a t 1 0 A . M . o n t h e d a y o f t h e
A n n u a l M e e t i n g , w h e n t h e e n v e l o p e s s h a l l b e o p e n e d a n d
t h e b a l l o t s c a n v a s s e d p u b l i c l y b y t e l l e r s a p p o i n t e d b y t h e
p r e s i d i n g o f f i c e r . T h e p e r s o n r e c e i v i n g a p l u r a l i t y o f t h e
v o t e s c a s t f o r a c o m m u n i t y r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s h a l l b e d e -
c l a r e d e l e c t e d . I n c a s e o f a t i e b e t w e e n t w o o r m o r e c a n -
d i d a t e s , t h e A n n u a l M e e t i n g s h a l l e l e c t o n e f r o m a m o n g
t h e p e r s o n s s o t i e d .
III . MEMBERS OF CLASS B
1 . M e m b e r s o f C l a s s B s h a l l b e c h o s e n b y t h e N a t i o n a l
J e w i s h o r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r o n e y e a r o r u n t i l t h e i r s u c c e s s o r s
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1 1 8 The Ameri can Jewish Commit tee
a r e c h o s e n i n s u c h m a n n e r a s t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n s s h a l l d e t e r -
m i n e a n d t o s u c h n u m b e r a s i s s e t f o r t h b e l o w , i t b e i n g
r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t a l l s e l e c t i o n s f o r m e m b e r s h i p i n t h e
A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e m a d e b y t h e n a t i o n a l o r g a n i -
z a t i o n s b e r a t i f i e d a t t h e n e x t f o l l o w i n g g e n e r a l m e e t i n g
o f s u c h o r g a n i z a t i o n s .
2 . E a c h J e w i s h n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s h a l l h a v e o n e
r e p r e s e n t a t i v e f o r m e m b e r s u p t o 1 0 , 0 0 0 , a s e c o n d r e p r e -
s e n t a t i v e f o r t h e n e x t 2 0 , 0 0 0 , a t h i r d f o r t h e n e x t 2 5 , 0 0 0 ,
a n d s o o n , a t t h e s a m e r a t i o .
IV MEMBERS OF CLASS C
M e m b e r s o f C l a s s C s h a l l b e e l e c t e d f o r o n e y e a r a t t h e
A n n u a l M e e t i n g o f t h e A m e r i c a n J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e u p o n
n o m i n a t i o n o f t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e t h e r e o f . T h i s
C l a s s s h a l l a t n o t i m e e x c e e d t h i r t y i n n u m b e r .
V SUSTAINING MEMBERS
A l l p e r s o n s w h o m a k e a n a n n u a l c o n t r i b u t i o n f o r t h e
s u p p o r t o f t h e C o m m i t t e e a m o u n t i n g t o f i v e d o l l a r s o r
over shall be designated as Sustaining Members, and
s h a l l , a s l o n g a s t h e y a r e i n g o o d s t a n d i n g , b e e n t i t l e d t o
r e c e i v e r e g u l a r r e p o r t s o f t h e a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e C o m m i t t e e ,
a n d t o n o m i n a t e a n d v o t e f o r D i s t r i c t M e m b e r s a s p r o -
v i d e d i n A r t i c l e I I I , S e c t i o n 3 .
VI . O F F I C E R S
T h e O f f i c e r s o f t h e G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e s h a l l b e a P r e s -
i d e n t , t w o V i c e - P r e s i d e n t s a n d a T r e a s u r e r , e l e c t e d f r o m
among and by the Corpo rate members, and a Secretary
w h o n e e d n o t b e a m e m b e r o f t h e G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e , a n d
w h o s h a l l b e e l e c t e d b y t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e , u n l e s s
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By-Laws 1 1 9
o t h e r w i s e o r d e r e d . T h e o f f i c e r s s h a l l s e r v e f o r o n e y e a r o r
u n t i l t h e i r s u c c e s s o r s a r e e l e c t e d .
VII . EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
1 . T h e G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e s h a l l e l e c t n o t m o r e t h a n
f o r t y - s i x m e m b e r s , w h o t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e f o u r o f f i c e r s , t o
w i t , t h e P r e s i d e n t , V i c e - P r e s i d e n t s a n d T r e a s u r e r , s h a l l
c o n s t i t u t e t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e , o n e - t h i r d o f t h e m e m -
b e r s h i p o f w h i c h s h a l l c o n s t i t u t e a q u o r u m f o r t h e t r a n s a c -
t i o n o f b u s i n e s s .
2 . T h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e s h a l l , w h e n e v e r i t s h a l l
d e e m i t a d v i s a b l e , r e p o r t i t s p r o c e e d i n g s , o r s u c h p a r t
t h e r e o f a s i t s h a l l d e t e r m i n e t o t h e m e m b e r s o f t h e G e n -
e r a l C o m m i t t e e b y m a i l a n d s h a l l r e n d e r a c o m p l e t e r e p o r t
o f a l l m a t t e r s c o n s i d e r e d a n d a c t e d u p o n , a t t h e A n n u a l
Meeting of the Commit tee . S p e c i a l c o m m i t t e e s m a y b e
d e s i g n a t e d b y t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e f r o m t h e b o d y o f
t h e G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e , w h i c h s p e c i a l c o m m i t t e e s s h a l l
r e p o r t t o t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e f r o m t i m e t o t i m e .
VIII. MEETINGS
1 . A s t a t e d m e e t i n g o f t h e G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e s h a l l b e
h e l d a n n u a l l y i n J a n u a r y a t t h e C i t y o f N e w Y o r k , u n -
l e s s t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e i n t h e i r d i s c r e t i o n d e t e r m i n e
o t h e r w i s e . S p e c i a l m e e t i n g s s h a l l b e c a l l e d u p o n t h e w r i t -
t e n r e q u e s t o f t w e n t y - f i v e m e m b e r s o f t h e G e n e r a l C o m -
m i t t e e o r m a y b e c a l l e d b y t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e o f i t s
own moti on . Twenty -o ne members shall consti tu te a
q u o r u m o f t h e G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e .
2 . R e g u l a r m e e t i n g s o f t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e s h a l l
b e h e l d a t l e a s t t h r e e t i m e s a y e a r . S p e c i a l m e e t i n g s o f
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1 2 0 The Ameri can Jewish Commit tee
t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e m a y b e h e l d a t t h e i n s t a n c e o f
t h e c h a i r m a n o r a t t h e r e q u e s t o f t h r e e m e m b e r s o f t h a t
Commit tee . .
3 . N o t i c e o f s p e c i a l m e e t i n g s o f t h e G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e
o r o f t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e s h a l l b e g i v e n b y m a i l o r
t e l e g r a p h t o t h e m e m b e r s , s t a t i n g a s n e a r l y a s p o s s i b l e ,
w i t h i n t h e d i s c r e t i o n o f t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e , t h e p u r -
p o s e f o r w h i c h t h e m e e t i n g i s c a l l e d .
IX. OFFICES
T h e p r i n c i p a l o f f i c e o f t h e G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e s h a l l b e
e s t a b l i s h e d i n t h e C i t y o f N e w Y o r k , a n d o t h e r o f f i c e s a n d
a g e n c i e s m a y b e e s t a b l i s h e d o u t s i d e o f N e w Y o r k a s t h e
G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e o r t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e m a y f r o m
t i m e t o t i m e d e e m n e c e s s a r y .
X AMENDMENTST h e s e B y - L a w s , e x c e p t a s l i m i t e d b y t h e C h a r t e r , s h a l l
b e s u b j e c t t o a l t e r a t i o n , r e v i s i o n o r a m e n d m e n t a t a n y
r e g u l a r m e e t i n g o f t h e G e n e r a l C o m m i t t e e o r a t a m e e t i n g
t h e r e o f c a l l e d f o r s u c h p u r p o s e , p r o v i d e d t h a t t h i r t y d a y s '
n o t i c e b e g i v e n o f t h e p r o p o s e d c h a n g e , a n d t h a t t h e m o -
t i o n f o r a m e n d m e n t b e c a r r i e d b y a m a j o r i t y o f a t l e a s t
t w e n t y v o t e s .
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L i s t s
Cor po rate Members by St ates, E tc .
Cor po rate Members Alphabeti call y
A r r ange d
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LIST OF CORPORATE MEMBERS BY CLASSES
Class A .- Communit y Representatives
STATES ANDCITIES
(A ccor ding to Pl an Adop ted on December 6, 1931 )
NO. O F
R E P ' S REPRESENTATIVES
123
TERMS
ALABAMABIRMINGHAM Milton H . F i e s 1 9 3 6
MONTGOMERY L u c i e n L o e b 1 9 3 7
ARIZONAPHOENIX 1
ARKANSASLITTLE ROCK C h a r l e s J a c o b s o n 1 9 3 6
CALIFORNIALONG BEACH 1 Harvey B . F r a n k l i n 1 9 3 8
Los ANGELES 2 M. J . F i n k e n s t e i n 1 9 3 8
Harry A . H o l l z e r 1 9 3 6
Lester W . R o t h 1 9 3 8
OAKLAND 1 B . L . M o s b a c h e r 1 9 3 8
PASADENA 1
SACRAMENTO 1
SAN DIEGO 1 J a c o b W e i n b e r g e r 1 9 3 8
SAN FRANCISCO 2 J e s s e H . S t e i n h a r t 1 9 3 6
Max C . S l o s s 1 9 3 8
STOCKTON 1
COLORADODENVER 1 Charles Rosenbaum 1 9 3 8
PUEBLO 1
CONNECTICUTANSONIA 1
BRIDGEPORT 1 Theodor e E . S t e i b e r 1 9 3 7
DANBURY 1 N a t h a n S p i r o 1 9 3 6
HARTFORD 2 Benjamin L . H a a s 1 9 3 6
I s i d o r e W i s e 1 9 3 7
MERIDEN 1
NEW BRITAIN 1 Morris D . S a x e 1 9 3 8
NEW HAVEN 2 S . F r e d e r i c k W e t z l e r 1 9 3 8
NEW LONDON 1 E z e k i e l S p i t z 1 9 3 8
NORWALK 1
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1 2 4 The Americ an Jewi sh Committ ee
*Includ e Rock Island, and Moline, Ill ., and Davenport , Iow a .
STATES AND NO. OF
CITIES REPS
CONNECTICUT-Continued
REPRESENTATIVES TERMS
NORWICH 1
STAMFORD 1 Ab raham Wof sey 1938
WATERBURY I P h i l i p N . B e r n s t e i n 1937
DELAWAREWILMINGTON 1 Aaron Finger 1936
DISTRICT OFCOLUMBIAWAS H I N G TON I S i m o n L y o n 1937
FLORIDAJACKSONVILLE I Morton R . H i r s c h b e r g 1 9 3 8
MIAMI 1 D . J . A p t e 1938
PENSACOLA 1 J . M . E d r e h i 1 9 3 7
TAMPA I Ernest Maas 1938
GEORGIAATLANTA 1 Leonard Haas 1937
SAVANNAH 1 E d m u n d H . Abr ahams 1 9 3 6
IDAHOBOISE 1 Leo J. F a l k 1 9 3 7
ILLINOISCHICAGO 13 Max Ad ler 1936
James H . B e c k e r 1 9 3 6
Joseph L . B l o c k 1 9 3 6
Abel Davis 1936
James Davis 1 9 3 6
Max Epstein 1936
Milton S . F l o r s h e i m 1 9 3 8
Alfred K . F oreman 1 9 3 8
A. R i c h a r d F r a n k 1938
Bernard Horwi ch 1 9 3 7
S o l K l i n e 1936
Albert D . L a s k e r 1937
Jac o b M . L o e b 1936
Frank L . S u l z b e r g e r 1938
EAST ST. LOU I S 1
OAK PARK 1
PEORIA 1 WB . Woolner 1938
ROCK ISLAND( T r i - C i t i e s * ) 1 A b raham W . G e l l m a n 1936
WAUKEGAN 1
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District Members 1 2 5
STATES AND NO. O F
CITIES REP ' S
INDIANA
REPRESENTATIVES TERMS
EVANSVILLE 1 Max De Jong 1 9 3 6
FORT WAYNE 1 Maurice Rosenthal 1 9 3 6
GARY 1 Louis H . G l u e c k 1 9 3 8
HAMMOND 1
INDIANAPOLIS 1 Charles Sterne Rauh 1937
S o l S . K i s e r 1936
SOUTH BEND 1
TERRE HAUTE 1 L o u is B r o wn 1938
IOWADES MOINES 1 Eu gene Mannheimer 1937
MASON CITY 1 Sam Raizes 1938
SIOUX CITY 1 A d o l ph M . D a v i s 1937
DAVENPORT( s e e R o c k I s l a n d , I l l . )
KANSASKANSAS CITY 1 Joseph Cohen 1938
KENTUCKYLOUISVILLE 1 Fred Levy 1936
LOUISIANANEW ORLEANS 1 Ralph J. Schwarz 1936
SHREVEPORT 1 A. B . F r e y e r 1936
MAINEBANGOR 1 M i c h a e l P i l o t 1 9 3 8
PORTLAND 1
MARYLANDBALTIMORE 2 Jacob H . H o l l a n d e r 1 9 3 7
Sid ney Lansburgh 1938
MASSACHUSETTSBEVERLY 1
BOSTON 2 A. C . R a t s h e s k y 1937
James So lo mont 1938
Felix Vo renberg 1936
BROCKTON 1
BROOKLINE 1 Harry Levi 1937
CAMBRIDGE 1
CHELSEA 2 Maurice Tobey 1 9 3 8
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1 2 6 The Americ an Jewi sh Committ ee
STATES AND NO. O F
CITIES REP' S
MASSACHUSETTS-Continued
REPRESENTATIVES TERMS
FALL RIVER 1 Nat han Yamins 1936
HAVERHILL 1 Lou is Hartman 1936
HOLYOKE 1 Benjamin Evarts 1936
LAWRENCE 1 Alexander L . S i s k i n d 1936
LOWELL 1 M a u r i c e B a r l o f s k y 1936
LYNN 1 Henry Yo zell 1 9 3 7
MALDEN 1 I . I . K o t z e n 1936
NEW BEDFORD 1 P . H . V i s k i n d 1 9 3 7
PEABODY 1 Elihu A . H e r s h e n s o n 1936
P I T TS F I E L D 1 Ge o r g e Newman 1937
QUINCY 1 Joseph B . Grossman 1936
REVERE 1
SALEM 1 Max G o l d ber g 1938
SOMERVILLE 1 Hyman J . R o u t t e n b e r g 1936
SPRINGFIELD 1 Henry Lasker 1 9 3 7
WINTHROP 1
WORCESTER 1 Joseph Talamo 1 9 3 8
MICHIGANDETROIT 2 H e nr y M . B u t z e l 1 9 3 6
J u l i a n H . K r o l i k 1 9 3 8
I s a d o r e L e v i n 1 9 3 6
FLINT 1
GRAND RAPIDS 1 P h i l i p F . Waterman 1 9 3 8
HIGHLAND PARK 1
MINNESOTADULUTH 1 E d w a r d A . S i l b e r s t e i n 1 9 3 8
MINNEAPOLIS 2 Arthur Brin 1 9 3 8
Joseph H . S c h a n f e l d 1 9 3 7
ST. PAUL 1 Isaac Summerfi eld 1 9 3 7
MISSISSIPPIVICKSBURG 1 Ben H . S t e i n 1 9 3 7
MISSOURIKANSAS CITY 2 Sig . H a r z f e l d 1937
Geor ge Oppenheimer 1 9 3 6
ST. JOS E PH 1 Harry Bloc k 1937
ST. Louis 2 Charles M . R i c e 1938
Aaro n Wald heim 1 9 3 8
MONTANABUTTE 1 Joseph Weinber g 1 9 3 6
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District Members 1 2 7
STATES AND
CITIES
NO. O F
REP' S REPRESENTATIVES TERMS
NEBRASKALINCOLN 1 Nat han J . G o l d 1937
OMAHA 1 Har r y A . W o l f 1937
NEVADARENO 1 Samuel Platt 1 9 3 7
NEW HAMPSHIREMANCHESTER 1 E d w a r d M . C h a s e 1936
NEW JERSEYASBURY PARK 1
ATLANTIC CITY 1Joseph B . P e r s k i e 1 9 3 8
BAYONNE 1
BLOOMFIELD 1
CAMDEN 1 Benjamin Natal 1937
EAST ORANGE 1 A. J . Dimond 1 9 3 8
ELIZABETH 1
HOBOKEN 1
IRVINGTON 1
JERSEY CITY 1Har r y G o l d o wsk y 1 9 3 6
LINDEN 1
LONG BRANCH 1
NEW BRUNSWICK 1Abr aham Jelin 1 9 3 8
NEWARK 2 Meyer C . E l l e n s t e i n 1 9 3 8
Samuel Kessler 1 9 3 7
ORANGE 1
PASSAIC 1
PATERSON 2 Philip Dimond 1 9 3 7
PERTH AMBOY 1 I s a a c A l p e r n 1 9 3 7
PLAINFIELD 1 Wil l i am New c o r n 1 9 3 6
SOUTH ORANGE 1
TRENTON 1 Phillip Forman 1936
UNION 1
WEST HOBOKEN 1
WEST NEW YORK 1
WOODBINE 1
NEW MEXICOLAS VEGAS 1 Louis C. I l f e l d 1938
NEW YORKALBANY 1
BINGHAMTON 1 C. R . R o s e n t h a l 1936
BUFFALO 2 Joseph L . F i n k 1938
Eu gene Warner 1936
Herman Wil e 1938
E L M I R A 1 Benjamin F . L e v y 1 9 3 8
FALLSBURGH 1
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1 2 8 The Americ an Jewi sh Committ ee
STATES AND NO. O F
CITIES R E P ' S REPRESENTATIVES TERMS
NEW YORK-Continued
GLOVERSVILLE 1
KINGSTON 1
LYNBROOK 1
MONTICELLO 1
MOUNT VERNON 1
NEW ROCHELLE 1 Oscar Heyman 1938
NEWBURGH 1 Ber t ram A . S t r o o c k 1938
NEW YORK CITY 48 Benjamin A lt heimer 1936
S imon Ber g man 1937
E d war d L . B e r n a y s 1938
Herman Bernstein 1938
David M . B r e s s l e r 1938
David A . Brown 1936
Morris R . C o h e n 1938
Abr am I . E l k u s 1937
Wm. F i s c h m a n 1937
N o r m an S . G o e t z 1937
Samuel H . G o l d e n s o n 1937
S . S . G o l d w a t e r 1 9 3 7
Henry S . H e n d r i c k s 1 9 3 7
Davi d M . Heyman 1938
Stanley M . I s a a c s 1936
H e n r y I t t l e s o n 1 9 3 8
J o s e p h J . K l e i n 1936
Arthur K. Kuhn 1 9 3 8
Arthur M . Lamport 1936
Edw ard Lazansky 1937
Herbert H . Lehman 1938
Irvi ng Lehman 1 9 3 7
Edgar A . L e v y 1937
Harry E . L e w i s 1 9 3 6
Adolph L ewisohn 1 9 3 7
Wm. L i e b e r m a n n 1936
Solo mon Low enstein 1 9 3 8
James Marshall 1936
Alexander Marx 1 9 3 8
Lawr ence Marx 1 9 3 8
I s i d o r e D . M o r r i s o n 1 9 3 7
Henry D . Moskowitz 1938
G e o r g e W . Naumburg 1 9 3 6
Carl H . P f o r z h e i m e r 1 9 3 7
Joseph M . P r o s k a u e r 1 9 3 7
Harold Riegelman 1 9 3 6
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STATES AND NO . O F
CITIES REP' S
D i s t r i c t Members 129
REPRESENTATIVES TERMSNEW YORK CITY-Continued
James N . R o s e n b e r g 1 9 3 7
Samuel I . Rosenman 1937
Walter N . R o t h s c h i l d 1938
Samuel Salz man 1938
Wolf gang S . Schwabacher 1 9 3 7
Bernard S emel 1936
Fred M . S t e i n 1 9 3 7
I . M . S t e t t e n h e i m 1937
Hugh Grant Str aus 1938
R o g e r W . S t r a u s 1 9 3 8
Lewis L . S t r a u s s 1 9 3 7
S o l o m o n M . S t r o o c k 1938
Felix M . Warbur g 1 9 3 8
Ralph Wolf 1 9 3 8
NIAGARA FALLS 1
PEEKSKILL 1
POUGHKEEPSIE 1
ROCHESTER 2 Mortimer Adler 1 9 3 6
Henr y M . S t e r n 1938
SCHENECTADY 1 Lewis Lurie 1 9 3 6
SYRACUSE 1 Benjamin Stolz 1936
TROY 1 Joseph Good man 1938
UTICA 1 S . Joshua Kohn 1 9 3 8
WHITE PLAINS 1 P . I r v i n g G r i n b e r g 1 9 3 7
YONKERS 1
NORTH CAROLINAGOLDSBORO 1 L i o n e l W e i l 1938
NORTH DAKOTAFARGO 1 D . M . N a f t a l i n 1936
OHIOAKRON 1
CANTON 1 A. M . L u n t z 1 9 3 8
CINCINNATI 2 Samuel Ac h 1 9 3 6
D a v i d P h i l i p s o n 1 9 3 6
Murray S easongood 1 9 3 8
CLEVELAND 2 E d w a r d M . B a k e r 1 9 3 8
E . S . H a l l e 1 9 3 7
CLEVELAND HEIGHTS 1
COLUMBUS 1
DAYTON 1 Milton C . S t e r n 1 9 3 7
TOLEDO 1 Sig mond Sanger 1 9 3 8
YOUNGSTOWN 1 Herman Rit ter 1938
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1 3 0 The A mer i c an Jew i sh Co mmi t t ee
STATES ANDCITIES
OKLAHOMANO . OF
REP' S REPRESENTATIVES TERMS
OKLAHOMA CITY S . K Bernstein 1937
TULSA Nathan Appleman 1937
OREGONPORTLAND 1 J ulius L . Meier 1936
PENNSYLVANIAALLENTOW N 1 William Harris 1937
ALTOONA 1 Isaiah Scheeline 1936
BETHLEHEM 1
BRADDOCK 1 Malcolm Goldsmith 1938
CHESTER 1 Nathan Speare 1938
EASTON 1
ERIE 1 I s ad o r S o b e l 1938
HARRISBURG 1 Gustav Kaplan 1937
HAZELTON 1
HOMESTEAD 1
JOHNSTOWN 1 Nelson A. E lsasser 1937
LANCASTER , 1 H Elins 1937
MCKEESPORT 1 Herman Levine 1938
PHILADELPHIA 1 1 C y r u s A d l e r 1938
Justin P . Allman 1936
Jacob B illi k opf 1937
Joseph L. K u n 1937
Al . Paul Lefton 1938
B. L . L evinthal 1937
Howard A. L oeb 1937
Victor Rosewater 1937
Horace Stern 1938
Morris Wol f 1938
PITTSBURGH 2 Edgar J . Kaufmann 1936
Irvin F Lehman 1937
PorrsvILLE 1
READING i A . L . L u r i a 1938
SCRANTON 1 Leon M. Levy 1938
UNIONTOW N 1
WILKES-BARRE 1 J . K We i t z e n k o r n 1936
RHODE ISLANDPROVIDENCE 2 A r c h i b a l d S i l v e r m an 1937
WOONSOCKET I Arthur I . Darman 1938
SOUTH CAROLINACHARLESTON I S i d n e y R i t t e nb e r g 1938
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District Members 1 3 1
STATES ANDCITIES
NO. O F
REPS REPRESENTATIVES TERMS
SOUTH DAKOTASioux FALLS 1
TENNESSEECHATTANOOGA 1 Sid ney Marks 1 9 3 8
KNOXVILLE 1 Ben R . W i n i c k 1 9 3 8
MEMPHIS 1 L o u i s L e v y 1 9 3 8
NASHVILLE 1 Nat han Cohn 1 9 3 8
TEXASBEAUMONT 1 Benjamin Bl um 1 9 3 7
DALLAS 1 J . K . H e x t e r 1 9 3 7
EL PASO 1 M a u r i c e S c h w a r t z 1 9 3 7
FORT WORTH 1 U. M . S i m o n 1 9 3 6
GALVESTON 1 I s a a c H . Kempner 1 9 3 8
HOUSTON 1 Nathan H . C o l i s h 1 9 3 6
SAN ANTONIO 1 J a k e K a r o t k i n 1 9 3 8
WACO 1 Alex . H . S a n g e r 1 9 3 8
UTAHSALT LAKE CITY 1 J u l i a n H . B a m b e r g e r 1 9 3 8
VERMONTBURLINGTON 1 Samuel Li sman 1 9 3 6
MONTPELIER 1 E. L . S e g e l 1 9 3 6
VIRGINIANEWPORT NEWS 1 Robert D . B i n d e r 1 9 3 7
NORFOLK 1
PORTSMOUTH 1 J u l i a n M . B l a c h m a n 1 9 3 8
RICHMOND 1 Edward N . C a l i s c h 1 9 3 7
Irving May 1 9 3 8
ROANOKE 1 Morris L . M a s i n t e r 1 9 3 7
WASHINGTONSEATTLE 1 Emanuel Ro senberg 1 9 3 6
SPOKANE 1
TACOMA 1
WEST VIRGINIACHARLESTON 1
HUNTINGTON 1 D a v i d G i d e o n 1 9 3 6
L o u i s H o r k h e i m e r 1 9 3 7
WISCONSINMADISON 1
(Wheeli ng)
S . B . S c h e i n 1 9 3 6
MILWAUKEE 2 J o s e p h L . B a r o n 1 9 3 8
Max W. G o t t s c h a l k 1 9 3 8
SHEBOYGAN 1 George Holman 1 9 3 8
SUPERIOR 1
WYOMING 1
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1 3 2 The Americ an Jewi sh Commit tee
Class B .- Delegates f r om Nat i o nal Jewish Organizatio ns*
AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY, A. S. W. Ro senbachBRITH SHOLOM, Martin O. L evy, Will iam M . Lewis
CENTRAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBIS, Morris Newfield
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL JEWISH WOMEN 'S OR-GANIZATIONS, Estelle M . S t e r n b e r g e r
THE FREE SONS OF ISRAEL, S i m o n M . G o l d s m i t h
HADASSAH, Mr s . D a v i d d e S o l a P o o l , M r s . Arthur M . Lamport
HEBREW SHELTERING AND IMMIGRANT AID SOCIETY OF AMERICA,John L . Bernstein, Harry F ischel, Ab raham Herman, Jacob
Massel and Al bert R osenblatt
INDEPENDENT ORDER B'RITH ABRAHAM, Samuel Gol dstein, Max L .
Hollander, Leon Sanders and Max Sil verstein
JEWISH WELFARE BOARD, Joseph Rosenzweig
NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH SOCIAL WORK, F r e d M . B u t z e l
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN, Mr s . Maurice L . G o l d -
man
ORDER OF THE UNITED HEBREW BROTHERS, Max E. G r e e n b e r g
PROGRESSIVE ORDER OF THE WEST, A. D . Bearman
RABBINICAL ASSEMBLY OF THE JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OFAMERICA, Elias L . M a r g o l i s
UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS OF AMERICA, Ben-
jamin Koenig sberg and Willi am Weiss
UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA, L o u i s J . Moss
WOMENS BRANCH OF THE UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CON-GREGATIONS OF AMERICA, Mr s . Joseph M . A s h e r
WOMEN'S LEAGUE OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA, Mr s .
Moses Hyamson, Miss Sarah Kussy and Mrs . S a m u e l S p i e g e l
-The term of Delegates is one year, or until their successors are chosen .
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C l a s s C . - M e m b e r s - a t - L a r g e *
L o u i s Bamber ger , N ewark
Leo M. Brown, Mobile
J a c o b E p s t e i n , B a l t i m o r e
Eli F rank, Baltimore
N . B . G o l d s t e i n , M i l w a u k e e
Albert M . G r e e n f i e l d , P h i l a d e l p h i a
Hi ram S . Halle, New York
Herbert J . Hannoch, N ewark
Harold Hirsch, Atlanta
Wi l l iam L . Ho lz man, Omaha
Philip C . J o s l i n , P r o v i d e n c e
J . J . Kaplan, Boston
Louis E . K i r s t e i n , B o s t o n
Fred Lazarus, Jr ., Columbus
Albert C. Lehman, Pittsbur gh
Samuel D . L eidesdorf, New York
M on te M . L emann, New Orl eans
Austin T . L e v y , H a r r i s v i l l e , R . I .
Chas . J . L iebman, New Y o r k
Julian W . Ma c k , N e w Y o r k
George Z . Medalie, New York
Henry Morg enthau, Sr . , New Y o r k
Reuben Oppenheimer, Baltimor e
Milton J. Rosenau, Cambri dge
L e s s i n g J . R o s e n w a l d , P h i l a d e l p h i a
Mo r r is R o thenber g , New Y o r k
Henry Sachs, Colo rado Spr ings
Frederic W . Wile, Washingto n, D . C .
Henry Wineman, Detro it
L e o W o l m an , N e w Y o r k
'The term of Members-at-L arge is one year .
D i s t r i c t M em b er s 13 3
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ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CORPORATEMEMBERS
CLASS
Edmund H. Abraham s, Commerc ial Bldg ., Savann ah, Ga . A.
Samue l Ach, 81 7 Waln ut St . , C i n c i n n a t i , O . A .
Cyrus Adler, 20 41 N . Broad St. , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . A .
Max Adle r, 30 W . Washington St . , C h i c a g o , I l l . A.
M o r t i m e r A d l e r , 2 A d l e r P l a c e , R o c h e s t e r , N . Y . A.
Justin P . Allman, 1522 Chestnut St . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . AIsaac Alpern, P erth Amboy Trust Co ., Perth Amboy, N . J . ABenjami n Altheimer, 25 Broad St ., N ew York City
ANathan Appleman, P . O. Box 1221, Tulsa, Okla. AD . J . A p t e , P . O . B o x 2 8 8 , M i a m i , F l a.AMr s . Joseph M . Asher, 22 5 Central Park West, New York
City B.
Edwar d M. Baker, Union Trust Bldg . , C l e v e l a n d , O . A .
Julian H . Bamberger, P . O . Box 837, Salt Lake City, U tah A .
Louis Bamber ger, 60 2 Centre St . , S o . Orange, N . J . C .
Maurice Barlofsky, Lowell, Mass.AJoseph L . B a r o n , 2 4 1 9 E . Kenwood Blvd . , M i l w a u k e e , W i s c . A .
A. D . Bearman, 816 Exchange Bldg ., Memphis, Tenn . B.
James H . B e c k e r , 1 0 0 S o . L a S a l l e S t . , C h i c a g o , I l l . A .
Simon Bergman , 745 Fifth Av ., N ew York City A .
Edward L . Bernay s, 1 Wall St., N ew York City A .
Herman Bernstein, 2 West 86th St ., New York City AJohn L . Bernstein , 299 Broadway, New York City B .
Philip N . Bernstein , Waterbury, Conn . AS. K . B e r n s t e i n , 1 7 2 1 P e t r o l e u m B l d g ., Oklahoma City, Okla . AJ a c o b B i l l i k o p f , 3 1 6 B a n k e r s T r u s t B l d g . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a .
A .
Robert D . Binder, First National Bank Bldg ., Newport
News, Va . AJulian M. Blachman, 604 High St . , P o r t s m o u t h , V a . AHarry Block, 310 Kirkpatrick St . , S t . Joseph, Mo. AJoseph L . B l o c k , F i r s t N a t i o n a l B a n k B l d g . , C h i c a g o , I l l . ABenjamin Plum, 381 College St . , B e a u m o n t , T e x a s A .
D a v i d M . Bressler , 75 Maiden Lane, New York City AArthur Brin, 6 00 Washington Av . , N . , M i n n e a p o l i s , M i n n. ADavid A. B r o w n , 2 1 2 F i f t h A v e ., New York City ALeo M . Brown, P . O. Box 593, Mobile, Ala . C .
Louis Brown , 518 Waba sh St . , T e r r e H a u t e , I n d . A .
F r e d M . B u t z e l , F i r s t N a t i o n a l B a n k B l d g . , D e t r o i t , M i c h . B .
H e n r y M . B u t z e l , F i r s t N a t i o n a l B a n k B l d g . , D e t r o i t , M i c h . A .
Edw a r d N . Calisch, 3104 Monumen t Av ., Richmond, Va . A .
135
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1 3 6 T h e Amer i c a n J ew i s h Comm it t e e
CLASS
Edwar d M . Chase, 115 6 Elm St. , M a n c h e s t e r , N . H . A .
Joseph Cohen, 711 Huron Bldg . , K a n s a s C i t y , K a n s . A .
Morris R . Cohen, 85 4 W . 1 8 1 s t S t ., New York City ANathan Cohn, Stahlman Bldg . , N a s h v i l l e , T e n n.AN athan H . C o l i s h , 3 2 1 7 H a m i l t o n S t . , H o u s t o n , T e x a s A
Arthur I . Darman, P . O . Box 30, Woonsocket, R . I . AAbel Da vis, 6 9 W . Washingto n St . , C h i c a g o , I 1 1 . A .
Adolp h M . Davis, Commerce Bldg . , S i o u x C i t y , I a . A .
James Dav is, 1400 Milwaukee Av . , C h i c a g o , I l l . A .
Max De J ong, 304 Main St. , E v a n s v i l l e , I n d . A .
A. J . D i m o n d , 6 7 S . Munn St . , E a s t O r a n g e , N . J. APhilip Dimon d, 189 Derrom Av . , P a t e r s o n , N . J . A .
J . M . Edrehi, American National Bank Bldg . , P e n s a c o l a , F l a . A .
H . E l i n s , 9 1 7 W . Waln ut St . , L a n c a s t e r , P a . A .
Abram I . Elkus, 40 Wall St ., N ew York City A .
Mey er C. E l l e n s t e i n , N e w a r k , N . J . ANelson A . Elsasser, c/o Nathan & Bro . Dept . S t o r e ,
Johnstown, Pa . A .
Jacob Epstein, 25 32 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md . C .
Max Epstei n, 2 30 S . C l a r k S t . , C h i c a g o , I l l . A .
Benj amin Evarts, 316 Hig h St ., Holyoke, Mass . _ A .
Leo J . F a l k , B o i s e , I d a h o A .
Milton H . F i e s , S o . Railway Bldg ., Birmingham, Ala . A .
Aaron Fi nger, 40 60 Du P o n t Bldg., Wilmington, Del . A .
Joseph L. Fink, 5 99 Deleware Av . , B u f f a l o , N . Y . A .
1 1 . J . F i n k e n s t e i n , 2 0 5 S o . Broa dway, Los Ange les, Cal . A .
Harry Fischel, 276 Fifth Av ., N ew York City B .
William Fischman, 96 Grand St ., New York City AMilton S . Florsheim, 541 W. Adams St . , C h i c a g o , I l l . AAlfred K . F o r e m a n , 1 3 4 S . L a S a l l e S t . , C h i c a g o , I l l . A .
Phillip Forman, U . S . D i s t r i c t C t . , T r e n t o n , N . J . AA. R i c h a r d F r a n k , 1 2 0 S . L a S a l l e S t . , C h i c a g o , I l l . A .
Eli Fran k, 200 7 Sulgrave Av . , M t . Washington, Baltimore, Md . C .
H a r v e y B . F r a n k l i n , 2 1 3 0 F l o r i d a S t . , L o n g B e a c h , C a l . A .
A. B . F r e y e r , F i r s t N a t i o n a l B a n k B l d g . , S h r e v e p o r t , L a . A .
Abraham W. G e l l m a n , 2 0 4 1 2 9 t h A v e . , R o c k I s l a n d , I l l . ADavid Gideon, 435 13th Ave, H untington, W . Va . A .
Louis H . G l u e c k , 1 3 t h a n d B r o a d w a y , G a r y , I n d . A .
N o r m a n S . Goetz , 11 Broadway, Ne w York City A .
Nathan J . Gold, Gold an d Co . , L i n c o l n , N e b r . AMax Goldb erg, 173 Washington St . , S a l e m , M a s s . A .
Samuel H . G o l d e n s o n , 1 E a s t 6 5 t h S t ., New York City A
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Alpha betic al List of Corpo rate Members 137
CLASS
Mr s . M a u r i c e L . Goldman , 1175 Park Av . , N e w Y o r k C i t y
Harr y Goldo wsky, 23 Warne r Av . , J e r se y C i t y , N . J. A .
M a l c o l m G o l d s m i t h , B r a d d o c k , P a . ASimon M . G o l d s m i t h , 2 5 7 W . 9 3 r d S t ., New York City B .
N . B . G o l d s t e i n , 3 9 1 0 N o . L a k e D r i v e , M i l w a u k e e , W i s . C .
S a m u e l G o l d s t e i n , 5 9 9 B e d f o r d A v e . , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . B .
S . S . G o l d w a t e r , 3 2 0 C e n t r a l P a r k W e s t , N e w Y o r k C i t y A .
J o s e p h G o o d m a n , T i b b e t t s A v e . , T r o y , N . Y . A .
Max W . G o t t s c h a l k , 1 9 6 1 N . Summit Ave . , M i l w a u k e e , W i s c . A .
Max E. G r e e n b e r g , 2 2 0 W . 4 2 n d S t . , N e w Y o r k C i t y B .
Albe rt M . G r e e n f i e l d , 2 0 0 B a n k e r s ' T r u s t B l d g . , P h i l a -
d e l p h i a , P a . C .
P . I r v i n g G r i n b e r g , 6 0 8 F i f t h A v e . , N e w Y o r k C i t y A .
Joseph B . G r o s s m a n , 1 9 G l e n d a l e R d . , Q u i n c y , M a s s . A
Benjamin L. H a a s , 1 5 2 S t a t e S t . , H a r t f o r d , C o n n . AL e o n a r d H a a s , C a n d l e r B l d g . , A t l a n t a , G a . AE. S . H a l l e , S w e t l a n d B l d g . , C l e v e l a n d , O . AHiram S . Halle, 5 0 Broadway, N ew York City C .
H e r b e r t J. Han noch, 17 Academy St ., Newark, N
. J. C .
William Harris, c/o Hess Bros . , A l l e n t o w n , P a . A .
L o u i s H a r t m a n , H a v e r h i l l , M a s s . A .
S i g . H a r z f e l d , 1 1 t h a n d M a i n S t s . , K a n s a s C i t y , M o . A .
H e nry S . Hen dricks, 25 3 Broadway, New York City C .
Abraham H erman , 69 Wooster St ., N ew York City B .
Elihu A. H e r s h e n s o n , 9 M a i n S t r e e t , P e a b o d y , M a s s . A .
J . K. H e x t e r , 4 2 0 L i n z B l d g . , D a l l a s , T e x a s A .
David M . Heyman , 25 Broad St., New York City A .
O s c a r H e y m a n , 2 6 S l o c u m S t . New Rochelle N . Y . A .
Harold Hirsch, Hurt Bldg . , A t l a n t a , G a . C .
Morton R . H i r s c h b e r g , P . O . B o x 1 0 3 5 , J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . A .
Jacob H . H o l l a n d e r , J o h n s H o p k i n s U n i v e r s i t y , B a l t i m o r e , M d . A .
Max L . H o l l a n d e r , 3 7 E . 7 t h S t ., New York City B .
Harry A . H o l l z e r , 3 1 1 F e d e r a l B l d g . , L o s A n g e l e s , C a l . A
George Holman, 1944 N . 7 t h S t . , S h e b o y g a n , W i s c . A.
William L. H o l z m a n , 9 0 0 N o . H a p p y H o l l o w B l v d . , O m a h a ,
N e b . C .
Louis Horkheimer, Wheelin g, W . Va . A .
Bernard Norwich, 2301 S . P a u l i n a S t . , C h i c a g o , 1 1 1 . A .
Mr s . M o s e s H y a m s o n , 6 5 E . 9 6 t h S t . , N e w Y o r k C i t y B .
L o u i s C . I l f e l d , P . O . B o x 1 5 0 6 , L a s V e g a s , N . M . A .
Stanley M . I s a a c s , 5 0 5 F i f t h A v ., New York City A .
H e n r y I t t l e s o n , 1 P a r k A v ., New York City A
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1 3 8 The American Jewish Committee
CLASS
Charles Jacobson , Little Rock, Ark . A .
Abraham Jelin , 5 Elm Row, New Brunswick, N . J. APhilip C. J o s l i n , 1 0 0 H a z a r d A v e . , P r o v i d e n c e , R . 1 . C .
Gustav Kaplan, 2518 N . 2 n d S t . , H a r r i s b u r g , P a . A .
J . J . K a p l a n , 1 6 1 D e v o n s h i r e S t . , B o s t o n , M a s s . C .
Jake Karotkin, 217 W . Commerce St . , S a n A n t o n i o , T e x . AEdga r J . K a u f m a n n , 5 t h a n d S m i t h f i e l d S t s . , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . AIsaac H . K e m p n e r , G a l v e s t o n , T e x a s
AS a m u e l K e s s l e r , 9 C l i n t o n S t ., Newark, N . J . ALouis E. Kirstein, Wm . F i l e n e S o n s & C o . , B o s t o n , M a s s . C .
S o l S . K i s e r , 3 7 3 6 W a s h i n g t o n B l v d . , I n d i a n a p o l i s , I n d . A.
Joseph J . K l e i n , 1 9 W . 4 4 t h S t., New York City A .
S o l K l i n e , S t r a u s B l d g . , C h i c a g o , I l l . A .
Benjamin Koe nigsberg, 99 Nassau St ., New York City B .
S. J o s h u a K o h n , 1 6 0 7 G e n e s e e S t . , U t i c a , N . Y .A .
I . I . K o t z e n , 3 5 4 M a i n S t . , M a l d e n , M a s s . A .
Julian H . K r o l i k , 3 1 0 E . J e f f e r s o n A v . , D e t r o i t , M i c h . A .
Arthur K . K u h n , 1 4 E . 7 5 t h S t ., New York City AJoseph L. Kim, Bankers Trust Bldg . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . AMiss Sarah Kussy, 5 9 Treacy Ave ., Newark, N . J . B .
Albert D . L a s k e r , 9 1 9 N . Michigan Ave . , C h i c a g o , I l l . AArthur M . L a m p o r t , 4 4 P i n e S t ., New York City A.
Sidney Lansburgh, 1516 Baltimore Trust Bldg . , B a l t i m o r e , M d . A .
Mr s . Arthur M. Lamport, 59 0 Wes t End Ave ., Ne w York City B .
Hen ry Lasker, 310 Main St . , S p r i n g f i e l d , M a ss . A .
Edward Lazan sky, Borough H all, Brooklyn , N . Y . A.
Fred Lazarus, J r., High an d Town Sts . , C o l u m b u s , O .
Al . P a u l L e f t o n , 1 6 1 7 P e n n s y l v a n i a B l v d . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . A .
Albert C . Lehma n, B law Kn ox Co . , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . C .
Herbert H . Lehman, 16 William St ., New York City A .
Irvin g Lehman, 36 W . 4 4 t h S t ., New York City A .
I r v i n F . Lehman , Blaw Kn ox Co . , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . ASamue l D . L e i d e s d o r f , 1 P e r s h i n g S q ., New York City C .
M o n t e M . Lemann, Whitney Bldg . , N e w O r l e a n s , L a . C .
Harry Levi, T emple Is rael, Longwood Av . , B o s t o n , M a s s . AIsadore Levin, First National Bank Bldg . , D e t r o i t , M i c h . A.
Herma n Levine, 2 33 Fifth Av. , M c K e e s p o r t , P a . A.
B . L . L e v i n t h a l , 7 1 6 P i n e S t . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . A.
Austin T . L e v y , S o u t h m e a d o w , H a r r i s v i l l e , R . I . C .
Benjamin F . L e v y , 3 0 5 R e a l t y B l d g . , E l m i r a , N . Y . A .
Edgar A . L e v y , 5 0 5 F i f t h A v ., New York City A .
Fred Levy , c/o Levy Bros . , L o u i s v i l l e , K y . A .
Leo n M . L e v y , S c r a n t o n L i f e B l d g . , S c r a n t o n , P a . A .
Louis Levy, Commerce Title Bldg ., Memphis, Tenn . A .
Martin O . L e v y , 5 0 6 P i n e S t . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . B .
H a r r y E. L e w i s , 5 0 C o u r t S t . , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . A
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Alphabeti cal List o f Corporate Members 1 39
CLASS
William M . L e w i s , 5 0 4 C i t y H a l l , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . B .
Adolph Lewisohn , 61 Broadway, N ew York CityA
W i l l i a m L i e b e r m a n n , 1 8 5 M o n t a g u e S t . , B k l y n , N . Y . AChas . J . L i e b m a n , 9 0 7 F i f t h A v ., New York City C .
S a m u e l L i s m a n , 1 9 3 C o l l e g e S t . , B u r l i n g t o n , Vt . AH o w a r d A . L o e b , 3 1 6 C h e s t n u t S t . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . AJacob M . L o e b , 1 7 5 W . J a c k s o n B l v d . , C h i c a g o , I l l . AL u c i e n L o e b , M o n t g o m e r y , A l a . A
Solomon Lowenstein, 71 W . 4 7 t h S t . , New Yor k City A .
A. M . L u n t z , 1 8 4 5 M a r k e t N . , C a n t o n , Ohio AA. L . L u r i a , C o l o n i a l T r u s t Bldg . , R e a d i n g , P a . A .
L e w i s L u r i e , 4 4 0 S t a t e S t . , S c h e n e c t a d y , N . Y . A .
Simon Lyon, Evan s Bldg . , Washington, D . C . A .
E r n e s t M a a s , 8 1 7 S . E d i s o n A v . , T a m p a , F l a . AJulian W . Mack, Woolworth Bldg . , New Yor k City C .
Eugene Mann heimer, 427 W . 5 1 s t S t . , D e s M o i n e s , I a . A .
E l i a s L . M a r g o l i s , 1 6 G l e n A v e . , M t . V e r n o n , N . Y . B .
S i d n e y M a r k s , 7 1 9 M a r k e t S t . , C h a t t a n o o g a , T e n n . A .
James Marshall, 150 Broadway, New York City A .
A l e x a n d e r M a r x , 1 0 0 M o r n i n g s i d e Drive, New York City AL a w r e n c e M a r x , 9 3 F r a n k l i n S t . , New Yor k City AMorris L. M a s i n t e r , S t a t e a n d City Ban k Bldg . , R o a n o k e , V a . AJacob Massel, 1688-52n d S t . , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . B .
I r v i n g M a y , 6 1 3 E . B r o a d S t . , R i c h m o n d , Va . AGeorge Z . M e d a l i e , 2 2 5 W . 8 6 t h S t ., New York City C .
J u l i u s L . M e i e r , M e i e r & F r a n k C o . , P o r t l a n d , O r e . AHen ry Morgenthau, Sr . , 1 1 3 3 Fifth Av., New York City C .
I s i d o r e D. M o r r i s o n , 4 5 7 W e s t 5 7 t h S t ., New York City C .
B . L . M o s b a c h e r , 4 9 1 S t a t e n Av . , O a k l a n d , C a l . A .
Henry D . M o s k o w i t z , P a r a m o u n t B l d g . , N e w Y o r k C i t y AL o u i s J . M o s s , 3 2 C o u r t S t . , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . B .
D. M . N a f t a l i n , 2 2 5 F r o n t S t . , F a r g o y N . D a k o t a A .
B e n j a m i n N a t a l , 1 6 5 5 P a r k Blvd., Camden, N . J . AG e o r g e W . Naumburg, 48 Wall S t ., New York City A .
William Newcorn, 220 P ark Av. , P l a i n f i e l d , N . J . A .
M o r r i s N e w f i e l d , 2 1 0 0 H i g h l a n d Av. , B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . B .
G e o r g e N e w m a n , P i t t s f i e l d , M a s s . A
G e o r g e O p p e n h e i m e r , 1 0 1 2 B a l t i m o r e S t . , K a n s a s C i t y , M o . A .
Reuben Oppenheimer, 3506 Bancroft Rd . , B a l t i m o r e , M d . C .
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1 4 0 T h e Amer i c a n J ew i s h Comm it t e e
CLASS
Joseph B . P e r s k i e , G u a r a n t e e T r u st C o . B l d g . , At l a n t ic C i t y,
N . J.ACarl H . P f o r z h e i m e r , 2 5 B r o a d S t ., New York City ADavid P hilipson, 270 McGregor Av . , C i n c i n n a t i , O . AM i c h a e l P i l o t , 4 9 H a m m o n d S t . , B a n g o r , M e . A .
Samuel Platt, Reno , Nevada AMrs . David de Sola Pool, 99 Central Park West, New York
C i t yB .
Joseph M. P r o s k a u e r , 1 1 B r o a d w a y , N e w Y o r k C i t y A .
S a m u e l R a i z e s , 2 1 5 S o . F e d e r a l S t . , M a s o n C i t y , I o w a A .
A. C . R a t s h e s k y , U . S . T r u s t C o . , B o s t o n , M a s s . A .
C h a r l e s S t e r n e R a u h , 3 4 0 E . M a p l e S t . , I n d i a n a p o l i s , I n d . A .
Charles M . Rice, Federal Commerce Trust Bldg . , S t . L o u i s ,
Mo .A .
H a r o l d R i e g e l m a n , 4 2 0 L e x i n g t o n A v . , N . Y . C . AHerman C . R i t t e r , 2 9 1 P a r k A v e . , Y o u n g s t o w n , O h i o AS i d n e y R i t t e n b e r g , 3 7 B r o a d S t . , C h a r l e st o n , S . C . AM i l t o n J . R o s e n a u , H a r v a r d M e d i c a l S c h o o l , B o s t o n , M a s s . C .
A. S . W . R o s e n b a c h , 1 3 2 0 W a l n u t S t . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . B .
C h a r l e s R o s e n b a u m , 9 3 0 U n i v e r s i t y B l d g . , D e n v e r , C o l o . A .
Emanuel Rosen berg, P . O . B o x 5 3 , S e a t t l e , W a s h . AJames N . Rosenber g, 165 Broadway, New York City AA l b e r t R o s e n b l a t t , 2 2 9 W e s t 7 8 t h S t . , N e w Y o r k C i t y B .
S a m u e l I . R o s e n m a n , 4 4 4 C e n t r a l P a r k W . , N e w Y o r k C i t y A .
C . R . R o s e n t h a l , T h e F a i r S t o r e , B i n g h a m t o n , N . Y . A .
M a u r i c e R o s e n t h a l , 3 3 6 W . B e r r y S t . , F o r t W a y n e , I n d i a n a
L e s s i n g J . R o s e n w a l d , S e a r s , R o e b u c k & C o . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . C .
Josep h Rosenz weig, 51 Chambers St ., Ne w York City B .
V i c t o r R o s e w a t e r . B e l l e v u e - S t r a t f o r d H o t e l , P h i l a . , P a . A .
Lester W . R o t h , S u p e r i o r C o u r t , L o s A n g e l e s , C a l . A .
Morris Rothenberg, 5 Beekman St ., New York City C .
Walter N . R o t h s c h i l d , 4 2 2 F u l t o n S t . , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . AH y m a n J . R o u t t e n b e r g , 2 0 2 C e n t r a l S t . , S o m e rv i l l e , M a ss . A .
H e n r y S a c h s , C o l o r a d o S p r i n g s , C o l o . C .
S a m u e l S a l z m a n , 3 6 1 H i g h l a n d B l v d . , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . A.
Leon Sanders , 280 Broadway, New York City B .
Alex . H . S a n g e r , W a c o , T e x . ASigmond Sanger, 1007 Nicholas Bldg . , T o l e d o , O . AMorris D . S a x e , 3 8 9 S h u t t l e M e a d o w A v e . , N e w B r i t a i n , C o n n . A.
J oseph H . S c h a n f e l d , N a t i o n a l B l d g . , M i n n e a p o l i s , M i n n . A .
I s a i a h S c h e e l i n e , 2 6 A l t o o n a T r u s t B l d g . , A l t o o n a , P a . AS . B . S c h e i n , S u p e r i o r C o u r t o f D a n e C o u n t y , M a d i s o n , W i s . AWolf gang S. Schwabacher, 115 Broadway, N ew York City A
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Alphab etical List o f Corpor ate Members 1 4 1
CLASS
Maurice S c h w a r t z , P o p u l a r Dry G oods Co . , E l P a s o , T e x . A .
Ralph J . S c h w a r z , C a n a l Bank Bldg . , N e w O r l e a n s , La . A .
M u r r a y S e a s o n g o o d , 1 6 1 6 U n i o n C e n t r a l Bldg . , C i n c i n n a t i , O . AE. L . S e g e l , 3 8 E . S t a t e S t . , M o n t p e l i e r, Vt . AB e r n a r d S e m e l , 4 8 3 B r o a d w a y , New Yor k City AEdward A . S i l b e r s t e i n , 7 0 4 P r o v i d e n c e B l d g . , D u l u t h , M i n n. A .
A r c h i b a l d S i l v e r m a n , 2 2 6 P u b l i c S t . , P r o v i d e n c e , R. I . A .
M a x S i l v e r s t e i n , 3 0 5 B r o a d w a y , New Yor k City B .
U. M . Simon, W . L . Waggoner Bldg . , F o r t W o r t h , T e x . AAlexander L . S i s k i n d , B a y S t a t e B l d g . , L a w r e n c e , Mass . A .
Max C . S l o s s , H u n t e r - D u l i n B l d g . , S a n F r a n c i s c o , C a l . AI s a d o r S o b e l , 9 3 1 W . 9 t h S t . , E r i e , Pa.J a m e s S o l o m o n t , 3 0 C o u r t S t . , B o s t o n , Mass . ANathan Speare, 629 Edgmont Ave . , C h e s t e r , P a . A .
Mr s . S a m u e l S p i e g e l , N . E . c o r . 122nd & Broadway, New
York City BN a t h a n S p i r o , 1 6 1 Main St . , D a n b u r y , Con n . AE z e k i e l S p i t z , 3 0 0 O c e a n A v e . , N e w London , Conn . A .
Theodore E . S t e i b e r , 886 Main St . , B r i d g e p o r t , Con n . A .
B e n H . S t e i n , V i c k s b ur g , Miss . AFred M . S t e i n , 2 7 0 M a d i s o n A v . , New Yor k City A .
Jesse H . S t e i n h a r t , K o h l Bldg . , S a n F r a n c i s c o , C a l . A .
H e n r y M . S t e r n , 8 7 C l i n t o n A v . , N . , R o c h e s t e r , N . Y . AH o r a c e S t e r n , 2 6 0 C i t y H a l l , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . AMilton C. S t e r n , c / o D a y t o n - B i l t m o r e Hotel, Dayton, O . AE s t e l l e M . S t e r n b e rg e r , 103 Park Ave ., New York City B .
I . M . S t e t t e n h e i m , 1 7 C e d a r S t ., New York City AB e n j a m i n S t o l z , 9 1 2 S t a t e T o w e r B l d g . , S y r a c u s e , N . Y . A .
Hugh Grant Straus, 422 Fulton S t . , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . AR o g e r W
. S t r a u s , 1 2 0 B r o a d w a y , New Yor k CityA
Lewi s L . S t r a u s s , 5 2 W i l l i a m S t ., New York City ABertram A . S t r o o c k , N e w b u r g h , N . Y.ASolomon M . S t r o o c k , 141 Broad way, Ne w York City A .
Frank L . S u l z b e r g e r , 3 3 3 S . P e o r i a S t . , C h i c a g o , I l l. AI s a a c S u m m e r f i e l d , 1 4 9 3 Sum mi t Av . , S t . P a u l , M i n n . A .
J o s e p h T a l a m o , 3 9 0 M a i n S t . , W o r c e s t e r , Mass . AM a u r i c e T o b e y , 4 0 C o u r t S t . , B o s t o n , Mass . A .
P . H . V i s k i n d , 4 5 5 C o u n t y S t . , N e w B e d f o r d , M a s s . AF e l i x V o r e n b e r g , G i l c h r i s t Co . , B o s t o n , M a s s . A .
Aaron Waldhe im, 12th and O l i v e S t s . , S t . L o u i s , Mo . AFelix M . Warburg, 52 William S t ., New York City A
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1 4 2 The American Jewish Committee
Eugene Warner, 1906 Liberty Bank Bldg . , B u f f a l o , N . Y . A .
P h i l i p F . Waterman, 6 17 Rosewood Ave . , S . E . ,
Grand Rapids, Mich . A .
Lionel Weil, G oldsboro, N . C. A .
J o s e p h W e i n b e r g , 5 8 W . Park St . , B u t t e , M o n t a n a A.
J a c o b W e i n b e r g e r , 9 0 1 F i r s t N a t i o n a l B l d g . , S a n D i e g o , C a l . A .
William Weiss, 144 0 Broadway , New York City B .
J . K . Weitzenkorn, 34 Weitzenkorn Bldg . , W i l k e s - B a r r e , P a . A .
S . F r e d e r i c k W e t z l e r , T h e T r u s t C o . B l d g ., New Haven , Conn . A .
Frederic W. Wile, 1220 Shoreham Bldg ., Washington, D . C. C .
Herman Wile, 77 Goodell St . , B u f f a l o , N . Y . AHenry Wineman, Peoples' Outfitting Co . , D e t r o i t , M i c h . C .
Ben R . Winick, Hamilton Bank Bldg . , K n o x v i l l e , T e n n . A .
Isidore Wise, 810 Prospect St . H artford, Conn . A.
Abraham Wofsey, 25 Bank St . , S t a m f o r d , C o n n . A .
H a r r y A . Wolf, 18th and Douglas Sts ., Omaha, Neb . A.
Morris W olf, P ackard Bldg . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . A.
Ralph Wolf, 24 Pine St ., New York City ALeo Wob ian, 15 Un ion Sq ., New York City C .WB . Woolner, 510 Lehmann Bldg . , P e o r i a , I l l . A .
Nathan Yamins 1219 H ighland Av . , F a l l R i v e r , M a s s . AHen ry Yozell, 411 Washington St . , B o s t o n , M a s s . A .
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Sustain ing Members
an d
C o n t r i b u t o r s
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SUSTAINING MEMBERS
ALABAMAA l e x a n d e r C i t y
H e r z f e l d , H .
A n n i s t o n
S t e r n e , N i e l P .
Birmingham
A d l e r , E d g a r L .
A d l e r , I k e
A l l e n , J .
B a u m , H e r b e r t J .
B u r g e r , J a c o b
C o n g r e g a t i o n E m a n u e l
E n g e l , W i l l i a m P .
F i e s , M i l t o n H .
F r i e d m a n , J .
German Emergency Fund
G o l d b e r g , A .
H a r t , S i d n e y
H o l i n e r , W i l l i a m
K a y s e r , L e o
Loveman, Joseph H .
R o s e n b e r g e r , J . D .
R o t h o l z , G .
S t e i n e r , L e o K .
W e i n b e r g , J a c k H .
H u n t s v i l l e
C o n g r e g a t i o n B ' n a i S c h o l e m
Mobile
Brown, Hugo
Commun ity
P i n c u s , M r s . E . A .
Zimmern, L . J .
Montgomery
B a u m , P h i l
J e w i s h F e d e r a t i o n
Kaufman, SamuelK l e i n & S o n
Lobman , Myron
Lobman , Walter
L o e b , L u c i e n S .
M a r s h u e t z , L . J .
AND CONTRIBUTORSN o v e m b e r 1 , 1 9 3 3 t o D e c e m b e r 3 1 , 1 9 3 4
145
Wampold , Simon
W e i l , A d o l p h
W e i l , A l v i n
W e i l , E m i l
W e i l , I s i d o r
W e i l , L e o n
Selm a
Hohenberg, M . , & C o .
T u s c a l o o s a
B r o w n , M i s s R o s e
ARIZONADouglas
C o n g r e g a t i o n A d a t h I s r a e l
G l e n d a l e
D e f f , D r . M . I .
P h o e n i x
M a r k s , B a r n e t t E .
Rothman , Ed
P r e s c o t t
G o l d w a t e r , M o r r i s
ARKANSASH ot S p r i n g s
B u r g a u e r , D .
S i n g e r , C h a r l e s
L i t t l e R o c k
F e d e r a t i o n o f J e w i s h C h a r i t i e s
CALIFORNIAB e r k e l e y
P o p p e r , W i l l i a m
B e v e r l y H i l l s
H i r s c h h o r n , C l a r e n c e
M y e r s , C l a r e n c e
R o d g e r s , D r . W i l l i a m A .
C u l v e r C i t y
M a y e r , L o u i s B .
R o d g e r s , R i c h a r d
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1 46 T h e Amer i c a n J ew i s h Comm it t e e
H o l l y w o o d
Engelman, S .
Los Angele s
Ancker, Robert
A r n o l d , J . K .
Asher, Max
Baruch, Mrs . Herman
B a r u c h , J . Y .
Bernhard, Mrs . S .
Brand, Harry
B r i c k , A l e x a n d e r
B r i s k i n , S . J .
Brown, Emil
Brown's
Cohen, G eorge W .
Cohn, H arry
C o h n , J u l i u s
D i s s a u e r , M a u r i c e
* E l s a s s e r , M .
F a e r b e r , A r n o l d
F i n k e n s t e i n , M . J .
Fox, Alvi n H .
Frank, B . L .
F r i s c h , J o s e p h
G a l l i c i a n , M . A .
Gillman, George
G o e t z , W i l l i a m
G o l d s m i t h , O s c a r
G o l d s t o n e , J u l i u s C .
Greenberg, Dan
G r e e n b e r g , I k e
G r o s s b l a t t , L . J .
Harris, M .
H i r s c h F a m i l i e s
Hollzer, H . A .
J a c o b s , J . B .
Kaplan, Benjamin
K a r l ' s S h o e S t o r e
K l e i n , S a m u e l
K l i n g s t e i n , K s i
Krystal, Samuel
L e M a i r e , S a i r i
Levy , O . J .
L i s s a u e r , L o u i s
Loeb, K . L .
*Deceased
M e e r t i e f , G u s t a v e
M e t z l e r , I r v i n g
M o s s , I r v i n g
Neustadter, Mr .
Newmark, S . M .
P a c h t , I s a a c
R i e s e , E . M .
R o g e l l , S i d
Rosenberg, M .
S a n d r i c h , F r e d a
Sanenick, Mrs . J .
Schwartz, M .
S h e l l e y , M .
S c h i f f , L u d w i g
S i s k i n , H a r r y
Sokolo w, Alex T .
S t e r n , C h a r l e s
S t e r n , H a r o l d
S t e r n , J a c o b
S t r a s b u r g e r , A r t h u r
Swartz , Seym our
Thompson, G . M .
White, Harry
Z a l k , L o u i s
Zanuck, Darryl
Oakland
Un ited Jewish Welfare Fund
Pasadena
Arn dt, M . S .
Blum, August
Hessberg, Mrs . S a m u e l
Thanhauser, Mrs . F r a n k L .
Sacrame nto
B r o w n , I s i d o r
San Bernardin o
Katz, M . D .
San Die go
H i l l k o w i t z , S .
Mayer, M . E .
S a n F r a n c i s c o
Jewish National Welfare Fund
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COLORADOColorado Springs
L i e b e r t h a l , H a r o l d
Sachs, Hen ry
Schaefer, Dr. Solomon
Denver
Bernheim, Isaac W .
Buchmann , Max
Cook, Mrs . D . B .
Cowen, A. B .
E h r l i c h , B e n S .
Frumess, H . H .
Grauman, A. L .
H i l l , I s i d o r
H o r n b e i n , P h i l i p
J a c o b s , D a v i d
Kauvar, C . H .
Krohn, Dr . M . J .
Levy , Robert
Schaye r, Max S .
S c h l e s i n g e r , M e l v i n H .
S i l v e r s m i t h , J . H .
Wachtel, Simon
W i t t e l s h o f e r , E d w i n J .
CONNECTICUTB r i d g e p o r t
C o h n , I s r a e l J .
Resnick, Maurice E .
Schn ee, Abraham C .
D a n b u r y
Dick, Harry
Dick, Hen ry
F e i n s o n , S a m u e l
Frohman, Albert
H e y m a n , H . J . , & S o n
Kaufman, Joseph
K r u z a n s k i , J a c o b
Leibowitz, Benjamin
P a p i s h , A s h e r
R u b e n s t e i n , S t a n l e y
S a n d s , A l b e r t
Spiro, Nathan
Hartford
Aishb erg, Edwin
Bauer, Mrs . B e r t h a L .
* D e c e a s e d
Li s t o f S u s t a i n i n g M e m b e r s
C o n g r e g a t i o n B e t h I s r a e l
Emanuel Brotherhood
Freedman, Joseph M .
Gaberman, Louis
Haas, William P .
H art ma n, E. M .
Hollander, A .
Kaffenburgh, Mrs . D o n a l d
K a t z , I . J .
K a t z , I r v i n g
Kofsky, G . M .
Myers, Max
N e u f i e l d , A l b e r t
Opper, Frederick C .
S e l t e r m a n , E s t h e r
S t e r n , L e o
Templ e Sisterhoo d Cong . B e t h
I s r a e l
Wachtel, B .
W i s e , I s i d o r e
N e w H a v e n
Buxbaum, William
*Cahn, Alexander
C o n g r e g a t i o n M i s h k a n I s r a e l
G o r d o n , I s r a e l
Harrison, Thomas
Jackson, John Day
K l e i n e r , I s a a c L .
L e v y , I r w i n S .
M e n d e l , L a f a y e t t e B .
Rosenbluth, Louis M .
Ross, Arthur M .
R u s s o t a , S i m o n
Sachs, Manuel S .
S a g a l , L e w i s
Ullman, Abraham S .
Ullman, Joseph H .
W e t z l e r , S . F r e d
W o l f e , I s a a c
N e w Lo n d o n
Commun ity
Goldsmith, E .
Ruderman, S .
Shelton
Kreiger, A .
1 4 7
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1 48
Stamford
N e v a s , H a r r y
WaterburyA l b e r t , I . N .
A p i r i a n , J o h n J .
A t k i n s , S .
B e r n s t e i n , P h i l i p N .
Biernbaum, H .
C a n t o r , A l b e r t
D o r f m a n , L o u i s
E r l a n g e r , M e y e r
G a b e r , J o s e p h
G r a c e r s t e i n , P e r r y
G r e e n , H a r o l d G .
G r e e n b e r g , S a m u e l H .
G r e e n b l a t t , C h a r l e s
G r e e n b l a t t , M a r t i n
Kramer, Samuel
Krasow, Harry
Kuperman, L .
L i e b e s k i n d , L o u i s
M a t z k i n , A .
O s e r & L e v i n
P r i l l i g , I s i d o r
R u b y , B .
S i m o n s , L o u i s L .
Soloman , Aaron
S p i r t , M o r r i s
S u g e n h e i m e r , J o s e p h
Traurig, Max
U n i t e d J e w i s h C o m m i t t e e
Weisman, Henry J .
Zusman Bros .
West Hartford
H a r t , E . A .
Hartman, Maurice
DELAWARES e a f o r d
V a n L e e r , C h a r l e s
Wilmington
F i n g e r , A a r o n
F i n k e l s t e i n , I . B .
G l u c k m a n , B a r n e t
*Deceased
The American Jewish Committee
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIAWashington
Baum, LeoB e h r e n d s , M e l v i n
C a f r i t z , M r . & M r s . M o r r i s
C a r d o z o , B e n j a m i n N .
F i s c h e r , M a x
G o l d s m i t h , C h a r l e s A .
G r o s n e r , G e r a l d
*Hahn, Harry W .
H e i l p r i n , G i l e s F .
H e r s h f i e l d , I s i d o r e
H i m m e l f a r b , P a u l
Kaufman, D . J .
Kaufmann, E . I
L u c h s , M o r t o n J .
L y o n , R . B . H .
Lyon , Simon
M a z o , I . J o s e p h
R o s e n b e r g , M . D .
S c h w a r t z , C h a r l e s
S h e r b y , H a r r y
S o l o m o n s , A l i n e E .
T a s h o f , I v a n P .
T r o u v e r , I . S .
W i l e , F r e d e r i c k W i l l i a m
FLORIDAG a i n e s v i l l e
Commun ity
J a c k s o n v i l l e
Community
Miami
A p t e , D . J .
F e i b e l m a n , H e r b e r t U .
J a c o b u s , L e o n a r d
Lehman , Mrs . H a t t i e G .
L e v i n , I .
M e y e r , S i d n e y
M i a m i J o i n t C o m m i t t e e
W o l f s o n , M i t c h e l l
S t . P e t e r s b u r g
C o h e n , M o s e s
F r i e n d l y , M e y e r H .
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TampaAllied J ewish Campaign
Haimowitz, Ben
Watterman, Jerome A .
GEORGIAAlban y
Hofmayer, L . J .
A t l a n t a
A t l a n t a A d v i s o r y C o u n c i l
Haas, Leonard
Hirsch, Harold
Meyer, A . A . & E . L .
Riesman, Joseph N .
Augusta
Commun ity
Columb us
Schwob , S .
G a i n e s v i l l e
G o l d s t e i n , J .
Maco n
H orga n, Da n C .
Jewish Community
Savann ah
Abraha ms, Edmund H .
A d l e r , L e o p o l d
Alexander, S .
B e r n s t e i n , M . H .
Adle r, Sam G .
Boley, H . M .
Byck, Dave
B y c k , J o e
Byck, Sylvan
Cohen, G irard M .
Dryfus, M .
E c k s t e i n , J . P .
Edel, Her man M .
Friedman, B . 1 .
Gazan, Jacob
Li s t o f Su s t a i n i n g M e m b e r s
Guthman , Aaron
H i r s c h , J e r r y
H i r s c h , J u l i u s
Iseman, Mrs . E .
Kayton, H . L .
Kuhr, Raymond M .
Levy , A . B .
Levy , Morton
Levy, S . H .
Lewis, Eman uel
L i v i n g s t o n , H . H .
Long abaugh, J . D .
Minis, A .
M i n i s , J . F .
Minis, Maria
Mohr, Sigo
Morrison, W . R .
Pin kussohn, Sam
Raskin, H arry
R u s se l l , T . S .
Salomo ns , Arthur W .
S l o t i n , M o r r i s
Solomon s, I . S . , J r .
United Jewish Drive
Wortsman, Edgar L .
ILLIN OIS
Auror a
Auror a Y . M. H . A .
Champa ign
Kuhn, Isaac
Chicago
A a r o n , C h a r l e s
Adler , Max
A s h e r , L o u i s
Auerbach, Benjamin
Austrian, Harvey S .
Bauer, A .
Becker, James H .
B e l l e n b e r g , A . G .
Benjamin, Jack A .
Berkson, Maurice
Black, Herman
B l o c k , E . J .
149
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15 0 T he Am er ic an Jewish Committee
B l o c k , J . L .
B l o c k , L . E .
B l o c k , L e i g h B .
B l o c k , P . D .
B l o c k , P . O .
Blum, Harry H .
Cahn, B . J .
Cahn , Mrs . R e g i n e T .
Cohen , Mrs . A l f r e d
Cohen, L . L e w i s
David, Abel
Davis, Meyer
D e L e e , J o s e p h B .
Dreyfus, Maurice M .
Dreyfus, Moise
E c k s t e i n , L o u i s
Eisen drath, Edwin W .
Eisendrath, W . B .
Eisendrath, W . N .
Epstei n, Max
E t t l e s o n , S a m u e l A .
F e c h h e i m e r , F r e d e r i c
Florsheim, Harold W .
F l o r s h e i m , I r v i n g
F l o r s h e i m , L o u i s
F l o r s h e i m , M i l t o n S .
Frank, A. R .
F r e i l e r , A b r a h a m J .
F re i l e r , J e a n e t t e S .
F r e u d e n t h a l , G e o r g e S .
Freund, Erwin O .
F r i e d , H e r b e r t
F r i e d l i c h , H e r b e r t A .
G l a s e r , E . S .
Goldman , Solomon
Goldsmith, Mrs . H a r o l d
Goodman , Samuel
G o t t l i e b , H . N .
Grossman , Max M .
Harris, M . B .
Hartman, Leon
Hirsh, William A .
Hoffman, Henry I .
H o f f m a n , J u l i u s J .
Horwich, Bernard
Jacobson, Mrs . D .
Kahn , Louis
Katz, Morris
Kat z , W .
Kauffmann, Theodore
K l i n e , S o l
K o h n , H y m a n N .
K u n s t a d t e r , A l b e r t
Kuppenheimer, Louis B .
L a c k r i t z , P a u l N .
L a s k e r , A l b e r t D .
Lautman n, H . M .
Lebold, Foreman N .
Lebold, Samuel N .
L e l e w e r , S . S .
Levin kind, Hyman
Levinson , David
Levy, Henry
Lindheimer, B . F .
L i p s o n , I . B .
Loeb , H . A .
L o e b , I s a a c A .
L o e b , J a m e s J .
L o e w e n h a u p t , J e s s e
Loewenthal, Edward J .
L o e w e n t h a l , R i c h a r d J .
Lowenbach , William L .
Mack, Julian W .
Mayer, Alfred C .
M a y e r , E l i a s
Mayer, Harry A .
Mayer, Herbert
Meyer, A . W .
M e y e r , A l b e r t
Meyer, Carl
M i c h a e l s , J o s e p h
Nast, Alex D .
Oberfelder, Herbert M .
O b e r f e l d e r , J o s e p h
O b e r f e l d e r , W a l t e r S .
Oppenheimer, Harry D .
Paradise, H. M . , & C o .
P e r l s t e i n , H a r r y
Pflaum, A. J .
P i n c u s , S. Z
.
P o l l o c k , E . J .
P o r t i s , M i l t o n M .
R e g e n s t e i n , J o s e p h
R e g e n s t e i n e r , T h e o d o r e
Remer, H .
Richard, Frank A .
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*Rosenbaum, David
Rosenbaum, Edwin S .
R o s e n f e l d , M r s . M a u r i c e
R o s e n f e l d , M o r r i s S .
Rosenwald Family Association
Rothschild, M. M .
R o t h s c h i l d , M a u r i c e
R o t h s c h i l d , M a u r i c e L .
R o t h s c h i l d , M e l v i l l e N .
R u b e n s , C h a r l e s
Salomon , Leo R .
Sampson , Peter
S c h a a f , C l a r e n c e
S c h a f f n e r , J o s e p h H a l l e
S c h a n f a r b e r , T .
Schra m, Elmer E .
Schram, H arry
Schur, Mrs. Herman
S c h w a r t c h i l d , W i l l i a m G .
Schwartz, U . S .
Schwarz, Sidney L .
S e l i g , L e s t e r N .
S h i r e , M o s e s E .
Sigman , L .
S i l b e r m a n , D a v i d B .
S i l b e r m a n , H e r b e r t S .
S i n a i C o n g r e g a t i o n
Sonn enschein , Edward
Sonnenschein, Hugo
S o n n e n s c h e i n , R o b e r t
S o p k i n , B .
S p i e g e l , M r s . Arthur H .
S p i e g e l , F r e d e r i c k W .
S p i e g e l , J . S .
S p i e g e l , M . J . , J r .
S p i e g e l , M r s . Mae 0 .
S p i e g e l , M o d i e J .
S p i e g e l , P h i l
S p i e g e l , S i d n e y M .
S p i t z , J o e l
S t e e l e , S a m u e l B .
S t e i n , J u l e s C .
S t e i n , S . S i d n e y
S t e i n d l e r , A l b e r t
S t e r n , A l f r e d E .
S t e r n , A l f r e d K .
*Deceased
List o f Sustainin g Members
Stern, Alfred W .
S t e r n , G a r d n e r
S t o l z , J o s e p h
S t r a u s , D a v i d
S t r a u s , E l i M .
Straus, Henry H .
S t r a u s , M e l v i n L .
S t r a u s , S a m u e l J . T .
Strauss, Henry X .
S u l z b e r g e r , C l a r a F .
S u l z b e r g e r , F r a n k L .
Temple Religious School
Uhlmann, Fred
Uhlmann, Richard
Vehon, Morris
Wedeles , Edward L .
Wolbach, Murray
Wolf, Henry M .
Wormser, Mrs . F r i d a
*Wormser, Leo F .
Z e i s l e r , E r w i n P .
Evan stonCohen , Sym a
*Rosenberg, H .
Glencoe
Goodma n, Mrs . M i l t o n F .
North Shore Congregation
I s r a e l
Highland Park
B e c k e r , L o u i s
Mandel, Mrs . Emanuel
Stein , Lawren ce M .
Kewanee
Wine, David
Moline
Sklovsky, Max
P e o r i a
C o h e n , L o u i s
C o n n e y , J . P .
F r a n k f o r t e r , H a r r y
Horwitz, S .
15 1
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1 5 2
K l e i n , L o u i s
L e d e r e r , J . L .
Lehman n, Arthur
S a l z e n s t e i n , A r n o l d
Seidenberg, N . C .
S i l b e r s t e i n , B o b
Ullman, Clarence
W o o l n e r , A d o l p h , J r .
Woolner, W . B .
Rockford
S h a n h o u s , C h a r l e s
Urbana
Koller, Armin H .
W a u k e g a n
S t e i n , M r s . A d o l f
Winnetka
S p i e g e l , M r s . J o s e p h
INDIANAC l i n t o n
Wasserman, A .
Fort Wayne
F e d e r a t e d J e w i s h C h a r i t i e s
L i c h t e n b e r g , C h e s t e r
G a r y
Glueck, Louis H .
I n d i a n a p o l i s
Jewish Welfare Fund
Summitville
Warner, William & Sons
Terre Haute
Commun ity
L e v i n , M o r r i s P .
*Deceased
The American Jewish Committee
IOWACedar Rap ids
M i l l e r , J o h n F .
C e n t e r v i l l e
*Rosenbaum, J .
Davenport
United Jewish Appeal
Des Moines
Commun ity
Sioux C i t y
Cohe n, Sam
F e d e r a t i o n o f J e w i s h S o c i a l
S e r v i c e
KANSAS
Leaven worth
Abeles, M . , E s t a t e
Wichita
Richmond, Harry P .
KENTUCKYL o u i s v i l l e
A d a t h I s r a e l R e l i g i o u s S c h o o l
H e i l m a n , C l a r e n c e J .
H i r s c h , I s a d o r e
K l e i n , B e n
Lang, Joseph
L e v y , J a c o b
L e v y , S o l
L i e b s c h u t z , I .
L i n k e r , B .
Rauch, Joseph
United Jewish Campaign
LOUISIANALake Charles
Temple Sinai
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1 5 4 The American Jewish Committee
E p s t e i n , J a c o b
F e d e r l i c h t , D a v i d
Fink, A . J .
F l e i s c h e r , M i l t o n F .
Frank, Edward L .
F r a n k , E l i
F r a n k , M i s s L o r e l y
Friedenwald, Harry
G o l d e n b e r g , L e v i
Goldman, L. Edwin
Greenebaum, Leon E .
G r e i f , L e o n a r d L .
G u g g e n h e i m e r , M i s s J u l i a
Gutman, Nelson
Hamburger , Mrs . H . L .
Hamburger, Dr . & M r s .
Louis P .
H a r t o g e n s i s , B . H .
Hecht, Alex
Hecht, Mrs . L . A
Hecht, Moses S .
Hendler, L. M a u r i c e
H erma n , Mrs . E l s i e F o x
Hochs child, Max
H o l l a n d e r , J a c o b H .
H o l l a n d e r , S i d n e y
H u t z l e r , A l b e r t D .
Hutzler, Mrs . D a v i d
Hutzler, Edwin B .
H u t z l e r , J o e l G . D .
H u t z l e r , L o u i s S .
Katz, A. R a y
K a t z , J o s e p h
Katzenberg, Berney
Kemper, Armand
Kemper, David
K o h n , I r v i n g I I .
Kohn, Walter
Lauchhe im • ,- r , J a c o b M .
Lauchheimer, Sylvan Hays
Lauer, Mrs . Martha F .
L e v y , L e s t e r S .
Levy, WilliamMandelbaum, Sarah S .
Mendel, Abram
M i l l e r , H e n r y S .
*Deceased
M i l l e r , J . J e f f e r s o n
M o r r i s , L e s l i e W i l l i a m
Morris, Moses
Moses, Mrs . R o s e L .
Oheb Sholem Religious School
Oppenheimer, Henry
Oppenheimer, Mr . & Mrs .
ReubenP e l s , I s a a c R .
P e r l m a n , P h i l i p B .
Rosenau, William
*Rosenberg, Lewis L .
Rosenheim, Sylvan
R o t h s c h i l d , F e l i x
R o t h s c h i l d , M o s e s
R o t h s c h i l d , S o l o m o n
R o t h s c h i l d , S t a n l e y Z .
S c h a p i r o , M o r r i s
S c h l o s s , I r w i n A .
S c h l o s s , M r s . Meyer
S o b e l o f f , S i m o n E .
Sondheim, Walter
Sonn eborn, Siegmund B .
S t r a u s , A a r o n
Van Leer, Milton
Walter, Mrs . M o s e s R .
Westheimer, Henry F .
Westheimer, Milton
Westheimer, Mrs . M i l t o n F .
Westheimer, Sidney F .
Wolf, Alex
Hagerstown
K l i n e , J a c o b A .
H a n c o c k
Rosen, H . M .
Owing Mills
Samuel s, Morto n
MASSACHUSETTSBoston
Agoos, Solomon
B a e r , L o u i s
B a r n e t , S . J .
B r i l l i a n t , F r a n k
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Dana, Meyer
D a n i e l s P r i n t i n g C o .
E h r l i c h , A d o l p h
E h r l i c h , W i l l i a m
F o x , I s i d o r
Gordon, Nathan H .
H erma n , Mrs . Hennie A .
K a p l a n , J . J .
K i r s t e i n , L o u i s E .
Kohn, Mark
Kohn, Samuel
M e d a l i e , L e o n S .
Mintz, Herman A .
Morrison, H .
Myerson , Abraham
Norton, G . N .
P a l a i s , J o s e p h
R o s e n a u , M i l t o n J .
Shohet, H erman
S p r i n g e r , E r n e s t
S t r a u s s , L e o n
United Jewish Appeal
Van Noorden, E .
V o r e n b e r g , F e l i x
Wasserman, Jacob
Brockton
K i b r i c k , I . S .
Brookline
Cohen, J oseph H .
L e v i , D r . H a r r y
Pinanski, A. E .
S h e i n w a l d , A l b e r t B .
Slocum, Isaac M .
Wolkowich, Erwin
Campello
Win d, Max E .
F a l l R i v e r
Adaskin , Edward
C o o p e r , S . B .
Epstein , Mr .
F e i n b e r g , S .
Gourse, David L .
List o f Sustainin g Members
Greenbaum, Dr .
Harris, A .
H o r v i t z , B e n
K l i n e , J .
Kovalsky, Fred
L e v i n , I .
L i s t B r o s .
Lubinsky, Dr .
Markell, H .
M i t t e l m a n , I .
Olinick, Maury
P r i a l , D r .
Radovsky, H . W .
Remick, D .
R o b i n , J . S .
Shabshelowitz, Mr .
Shanok, L .
Soforen ko, Mr .
Sokoletzky, Mr .
U nger, W .
Yamins, Nathan
Z a l k i n d , J o s e p h
J a m a i c a P l a i n s
A l b e r t s , M r s . A n n i e
Lawrenc e
Basi now, M .
Berenson, L. P .
Cohen, J acob M .
Goldberg, D .
H e r s f i e l d , Z .
Lebo w, A .
Lebowitz, M .
Nevins, M .
Oppenheim, D .
Q u i n t , L . M .
Russem, B .
S i e g e l , H .
Simon , C .
S i s k i n d , A . L .
S i s k i n d , I .
S i s k i n d , R . R .
S l a t e r , N .
T r e l l i n g , L . M .
Warsh aw, Max M .
1 5 5
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1 5 6
L o w e l l
U n i t e d J e w i s h A p p e a l
Lyn n
B l o c k , F r a n k
C o h e n , L o u i s
C o v n e r , D r . A l b e r t H .
G o l d s t e i n , A . L .
L e h n e r , R o b e r t N .
L o e w , I r a
Mann, Eugene
P r i z e r , A l b e r t
Schon, Edward
T e m p l e B e t h e l S i s t e r h o o d
W e i n s t e i n , H a r r y
Malden
Hoberman , Samuel
M a r s h f i e l d
F e i n b e r g , B . M .
Methuen
Caplan , M. J .
S a m e l s , S .
New Bedford
A b r a h a m s o n , F i s h e r
B a r n e t , S a m u e l
B e s e r o s k y , W i l l i a m
D a v i d o w , W i l l i a m
G o l d f a r b , S a m u e l
H o r o w i t z , J a c o b A .
H o r w i t z , M o r r i s
K a l l e r , P h i l l i p
K a p l a n , B o r i s
L e v i n e m , L . L o u i s
R u s s o t t o , B a r n e t A .
R o s e n b e r g , S o l o m o n
S e g a l l , S . K .
Newton
G o l d e n , E d w a r d I .
The American Jewish Committee
Peabody
R a b i n o w i t z , I s i d o r
P i t t s f i e l d
E n g l a n d , S i m o n
P o t t e r s v i l l e
Meyer, M .
Roxbury
G r e e n , I s a d o r e
S h a i n , S a m u e l
S n i d e r , H a r r y
Saugus
S a l t e r , M . , & S o n s
S p r i n g f i e l d
A s i n o f , M o s e s
I s e n b u r g , H .
K e l l e r , H e n r y
May, William
P r i c e , S a m u e l
S w i r s k y , B e n j a m i n
Waltham
Bayard, H .
Winthrop
London , M . H .
Worcester
A r k u s , N a t h a n
A s h e r , J a c o b
B e e b e r , S a m u e l
B e l l e r , J o h n D .
B u r w i c k , C a r l
C & S W h o l e s a l e G r o c e r s
C h a s e , L o u i s
C o h e n , J o s e p h B .
Cora sh, Max H .
C o r b i n , M a u r i c e N .
C o t z i n , D a v i d
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Davis, Lewis
Edinb erg, H .
E l i a s , S a u l
F i e l d i n g , B e n n e t I .
Glaz er, Solomon
Gordon , Archie
Grodberg & Hirsch
Green berg, Max
H aberma n, H arry
Handleman, B . L .
H i a t t , A .
Hillman, A. M .
I s e n b e r g , D a v i d B .
Kashman, H . L .
K a t z , I s r a e l
Krintzman, L .
Kunin, L .
Lewis, A .
Kaplan, H erma n G .
L y o n , I r v i n g J .
Mason, George H .
Pemstein, George
Persky, Abraham S .
Putnam, Charles
R o z e f s k y , L o u i s
Ruskin, E . S .
S a c k , J a c o b
Seder, D . I .
Seder, Samuel
Simmon s, William L .
Talamo, Joseph
U l i a n , I . M .
Wald, Lewis
Whitman, Moses
Worcester County Un ited Appeal
Z e l l e n , I . J .
MICHIGAN
Alpen a
Isackson, Sam
K o s i t c h e k , E . I .
Temple Beth- El
Ann Arbo r
Z w e r d l i n g , O s i a s
Li s t o f S u s t a i n i n g M e m b e r s
D e t r o i t
B u t z e l , F r e d M .
Butzel, Henry M .
Jewish Welfare Federation
L e v i n , I s a d o r e
L i t z k y , J o h n
Grand Rapids
Wolf, Gustave A .
Levine, M .
Lake Linde n
B e n e d i c t , C . H .
H o u g h t o n
MINNESOTADuluth
Un ited Jewish Appeal
Minneapolis
B r i n , A r t h u r
M i n n e a p o l i s F e d e r a t i o n f o r
J e w i s h S e r v i c e
Sapero, Abe
St. P a u l
Birnberg, T . S .
B r a t t e r , P e n
C a l m e n s o n , J e s s e B .
Commun ity
F i r e s t o n e , M i l t o n P .
Goodkind , William L .
L e v i n e , J . J .
Litmann, Bern ard N .
L o e v i n g e r , G u s t a v u s
Mains, A .
O r e n s t e i n , L . F .
S t e i n , S a m
MISSISSIP P I
Brookha ve n
Abrams , C . C .
157
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1 5 8 The American Jewish Committee
Jackson
Commun ity
D r e y f u s , I s i d o r
Meridian
Ackerman , William
Adler, R .
Adler, William
Arky, H erbert
Davidson, L
Dravin, A .
Dumont, I .
Feibelman, B . M.
Feibelman, Edgar
F e i n s t e i n , J .
Foresman, Mrs . R o s a b e l
Greenwald, Herbert
G r e e n w a l d , I r v i n
Jacobson, Gabe
Jacoby, A.
Kay, Sidney
K l e i n , K . T .
Klein, Simon
Lerner, William
Loeb, Alex
Loeb, H enry
Loeb, Marshall
Marks, I . A .
Meyer, Harold
Meyer, J . S .
Meyer, Joe
Meyer, Karl
Meyer, Sam
Pappenheimer, Meyer
R i c e , H a r r y
Rose nbau m, A . D .
Rosenbaum, I . A .
Rosenbaum, M . M .
R o s e n b u s h , I .
R o t h e n b e r g , I r v i n
R o t h e n b e r g , L e v i
R o t h e n b e r g , L o u i s
Rothenberg, Mrs . M a r k s
Rothenber g, Sam
Signoff, Max
S t r a u s s , B . M .
S t r a u s s , S y l v a n
T h r e e f o o t , K .
Threefoot, Sam
Ullman, L .
Wigransky, L .
MISSOURI
Kansas City
Cohen , Mrs . Henry
Diamant, A .
Goldberg, M .
G r e e n m a n , M .
Holzmark, M .
J e w i s h W e l f a r e F e d e r a t i o n
Loeb, Milford
Mayer, Millard
Oppenheimer, George
Rubin, William
Sosland, David N .
Sosland, Samuel
S o s l a n d , S a n d e r s
Stern , Sigmun d
Uhlmann, Paul
S t . J o s e p h
Apple, Mrs . M o s e s
Block, Harry
B l o c k , N a t e
E h r l i c h , M i l t o n H .
E h r l i c h ,W H .
F e l t e n s t e i n , D a v i d
F l a r s h e i m , C l a r e n c e
Greenbaum, Isador
Hassenbusch, Samuel
P h i l l i p , B e n
P o t l i t z e r , J a m e s
R o s e n b l e e t , E u g e n e
Silverman, Mrs . J o .
Wasserkrug, Samuel
St . L o u i s
J e w i s h F e d e r a t i o n
MONTANAB i l l i n g s
Friedwald, Max
Harron, L .
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NEBRASKAL i n c o l n
Koral, Ephraim
OmahaAbrahams, Hen ry J .
J e w i s h P h i l a n t h r o p i e s
NEW HAMPSHIREB e r l i n
United Hebrew Charity
F r a n k l i n
B a r g , I s r a e l
F r a n k l i n J e w i s h O r g a n i z a t i o n s
Salom on , Max
Manchester
B l o o m f i e l d , J a c o b
Braverman, A .
B r e s n i c k , A .
B r o d i e , I . A .
Chase, Edward M .
Cohen, Reuben H .
D e i t c h , J o h n
Eckman, N athan
Eckman , SamE l l i o t t , H a r o l d E .
E l u t o B r o s .
E l u t o , J o s e p h
Eluto, Mandel
E l u t o , M a u r i c e
E l u t o , R o l a n d
Finman, L .
F o s t e r , J a c o b , 2 d
F o s t e r , J o s e p h
Freedman, Louis
G i l b e r t , N a t
Gordon, L .
Gordon , Sam
Graham, Milton
H a r r i s o n , S . H .
Katz, Maurice
Kavesh, A. D .
Krauzer, George
L i g h t s t o n e , J .
List of Sustainin g Members
Machinist, Abraham
M a l e n s k y , I r v i n g
Mandell, Maurice
Margolis, Samuel
Metz, E. J .
Meyer, Ben
M i l l e r , L o u i s
P o r t e r , G e o r g e R .
Resnik, Samuel
Rosenberg, Maurice
Rosenblum, J . Morton
Ross, Lewis H .
Rudnick, Joseph
S a i d e l , M a u r i c e
S a i d e l , M y e r
Savan , A .
S c h w a r t z , J .
Shoul, Abraham
S i b u l k i n , A .
S i l b e r b e rg , J .
S i l v e r , H e n r y
Stahl, Sam
S u l l i v a n , S o l o m o n
Woods, Jack
Woolf, Frank
Z e l i n s k y , J a c k
Z e l i n s k y , W i l l i a m
N ashua
P o r t e r , P h i l i p
Portsmouth
Nannis, M .
NEW JERSEY
A t l a n t i c C i t y
Kaas, Andrew
Kline, Henry S .
P e r s k i e , J o s e p h B .
Schwartz, Joseph
Bay on ne
Bayonn e Progressiv e Aid Assn .
Boorstein, Herman
E p s t e i n , S .
Grodberg, Irving D .
15 9
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16 0
J a c o b s , M o r r i s
Posnak, Kalman
Turtletaub, Abram S .
Weiss, M . J .
Bound Brook
Borow, Benjam in
Bridgeton
Schwarzman , D .
Camd enG a l a n t i , J o s e p h
Kaplan, Sidney
K l e i n , E l i a s
Natal, Benjamin
Praissman , Maurice L .
East Oran ge
Abraham s, Mrs . Leo M .
D i m o n d , A . J .
G r o e d e l , T h e o d o r e
Mayer, A .
E l i z a b e t h
J e w i s h C o u n c i l
S t e i n , E m i l
H o b o k e n
L i c h t e n s t e i n , J u l i u s
W e i l l , M i l t o n
I r v i n g t o n
Levenson, B . M .
J e r s e y C i t y
B i t t e r m a n , J u l i u s I .
E i s e n b e r g , I .
F a l k , L o u i s A .
Manishewitz, Max
M a p l e w o o d
Lasser, Aaron
R a c h l i n , A . H .
The American Jewish Committ ee
Montclair
H a r r i s , J a c o b
New Bru nswick
Lipman, Jacob
N e w a r k
Bamberg er, Edgar S .
B u e c h l e r , D r . H a r r y
Foster, Solomon
G o r l i n , M o r r i s
H a n n o c h , H . J .
H e l l e r , J .
H o f f m a n , C h a r l e s I .
Kussy, Mrs . N a t h a n
Lewis, William
M a n s h e l , C h a r l e s
M e y e r , J . H .
Puder, Harry S .
S c h w a r t z , L o u i s C .
S t e i n , S i d n e y
S t e i n e r , E d w i n
S t e r n , S . A r t h u r
S z e r l i p , L e o p o l d
Warner, Barnett
Orange
Augenblick, Meyer
Palmyra
Schwartz, Dav id L .
P a t e r s o n
Geller, Herman
L a p a t , P . G .
P l a i n f i e l d
Bloom, Charles
Bronston, E .
Guinsburg, Samuel
Kantor, Abraham
K l e i n , S a m u e l
Kunzman, Irving
M e l t z e r , S a u l
Newcorn, William
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R o s i n , J o s e p h
Sachar, Kaspar
S c h n e l l e r , J u l i u s
Schwartz , Samuel
Tepper, Max
T o r n b e r g , I .
Weintraub, Benjamin
South Oran ge
Abeles, H erbert R .
Bamberger, Louis
F a l k , G i l b e r t
Hart, Leon A .
Summ it
Jewish Community Cente r
Trenton
A l b e r t , S a m u e l
Blaugrund, Samuel
C i t r o n , I s r a e l
Cohen , Edgar T .
C o h e n , L o u i s
Comin sky, Samuel
Dee, Frank
F i s h b e r g , J o s e p h
Forman, Philip
G l a d s t o n e , J o s e p h
Goldberg, Benjamin
Hochman , Louis
Hydeman, Charles
Kahn, Albert
K a p l a n , L o u i s
Kelsey & Vine
L e f f , H e n r y
L e v i n e , B . D .
Levy, Herbert
Lewis, A . A .
L i e b r i c h , D r . L e o n
Raphael, Herman E .
Rudner, Louis
S c h a f e r , J u l i u s
S c h r a g g e r , C h a r l e s
S h a f f e r , E . L .
S h i p p e r , L o u i s B .
S i e g e l , I r v i n g
List o f Sustainin g Members
Silverman, Herman & H arry
Simon , Samuel
Swern , Samuel
Tabish, Theodore
Vine, Benjamin
West End
K l e b a n , L o u i s E .
W e s t w o o d
Goldberg, David
W i l d w o o d
S h e n b e r g , I r v i n g
Tenenbaum, Harry
NEW MEXICOAlbuqu erque
I l f e l d , L o u i s
NEW YORK CITYManhattan & Bron x
Aaron son, M . L .
Abraham s, Michael M .
Abrahams, Robert
Abra ms, Abba
Adler, Leonard
Adler, Morton L .
A d l e r , P a u l
A l p e r s o n , E . L .
A l t h e i m e r , B e n
A l t s c h u l , F r a n k
Ansbacher, D . A .
Arkush, Reuben
Aronsohn , Samuel J .
Bacharach, E. S .
Badman, Theodore
Baerwald, Paul
Baron de Hirsch Fund
Baron, Salo W.
Beaumont Trust
Beer, Edwin
Bergman, H . M .
Bergman , Simon
B e r l i n e r , S a m u e l
B e r l i s s , A r t h u r D .
16 1
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1 6 2 The American Jewish Committ ee
B e r m a n , I s r a e l
Bernhard, H enry
Bernheim, Alice R .
Bernheim, Mr . & M r s . H e n r y J .
B e r n s t e i n , D .
B i e l , L e o n a r d
Bing, Alexander M .
Bischofsheimer, Hen ry
Bloch, Adolph
B l o c k , H e n r i
Block, Henry
B l o c k, H e r m a n W .
B l o c k , I .
Bloomingdale, Samuel &
Hiram C .
B l u e s t o n e , E . M .
Blum, Albert
Blum, Mrs . J o s e p h A .
Blumberg, Myer S .
Blumenthal, George
Boehm, LouisB o r g e n i c h t , L o u i s
B o s c h w i t z , C a r l
Brand, Albert R .
B r e i t e n b a c h , J e n n i e M .
Brenner, Robert H .
B r i s h , C h a r l e s S .
Bronston, Benjamin E .
Brown, Davis
B u t t e n w i e s e r , B e n j a m i n J .
C a s s e l , H .
C o h e n , E l i a s A .
Cohen , Leonard A .
Cohen, Norman M .
Cohen, William N .
Cohn, Ann ie
C o h n , L o u i s
Coleman , Mr . & M r s . A . E .
Cong regatio n Eman u-El
Congr egation Rod eph Sholom
Coons, Sheldron RCowen, Dav id
Cowen , Edward L .
C r e i d e n b e r g , J u l i u s
C r y s t a l , F a b i a n M .
Damma n n , Milto n
*Deceased
David, John
D a v i d s o n , I s r a e l
Davis, A. M .
D a v i s , G . R i c h a r d
D r e y f u s , W i l l i a m
D r i b b e n , S . F .
Dulman , Simon
Durlach , Emma K .
D u r l a c h , M i l t o n I .
E c k s t e i n , S a m u e l
Edelstein, Goodman
E d e r , J . M .
Ehrich, Jesse W .
Ehrich, Manf red W .
E i n s t e i n , I s a a c D .
Eiseman n, Alex
E i s i n g , H a r r y
E l i a s , P . R .
Elkus, Abram I .
E l l i n g e r , E d g a r
Elsas, Her man
*Enelow, H . G .
Engel, Dav e F .
Engel, Hen ry
Erdman n, Albert J .
E r l a n g e r , F e l i x M .
E r l a n g e r , M i l t o n S .
E r l a n g e r , M i t c h e l l
Erlanger, Sydn ey B .
F e i n b e r g , B . S .
F i n k e l s t e i n , S a m
F i n k e l s t o n e , M o r r i s
Finkenberg & Sons, A . I n c .
Fischbach, H . F .
F i s c h e l , H a r r y
F i s h e l , L e o J .
Flexner, Bern ard
F o x , J .
Frank, Edgar K .
Frank, Miss G . L .
Frank, L. J
.
Frank, Leo
Frankel, Mrs . L e e K .
Franken heimer, The Misses
F r e e d , A l l i e S .
F r e e d , L o u i s
F r e i d , I s a d o r e
Friedma n, Amelia G .
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Frink, Mrs . Angelin a W .
F u e r s t , W i l l i a m F .
Furman , Ed I .
G a l e f , J o s e p h
Gans, H oward S .
Gan tz, Aaron
Garfun kel, Aaron
Gerngross, Leo
G i l b e r t , J o s e p h E .
G i l s t o n , J a c o b
G l a z i e r , H e n r y S .
Goetz, Norman S .
G o l d e n , S . H e r b e r t
Goldman , Mrs . H e l e n R .
Goldma n, H e nr y
Goldman, Herman
Goldman, William
G o l d s m i t h , E l s i e B .
G o l d s m i t h , F r e d e r i c k
Goldsmith, Lawrence L .
Goldsmith, Richard
G o l d s t e i n , B e n j a m i n
G o o d f r i e n d , C a r r i e
Goodkind, Harold
Goodman, A. , & S o n s
Goodman, Edwin
Gordon, William S .
G o t t h e i l , M r s . P a u l
G o t t s c h a l l , S i m o n
Granet, Adolph
Green baum, Leo
Greene, Harold
Greenspan, Henry
Grossman, Jacob J .
Grossman , Moses H .
Guggenheim Foundation,
D a n i e l & F l o r e n c e
Guinz burg, H . A .
G u i n z b u r g , M i s s L i l l i e
Guinzburg, Richard A .
G u i t e r m a n , M i l t o n S .
Gutman, Rosa
Haberman, Philip W .
Hahn, Alfred
H a l l e , H i r a m J .
H a l l e , L o u i s J .
*Deceased
List of Sustain in g Members 16 3
Hanauer, Jerome J .
Hart, Mrs . J o h n
Hartstein, Benjamin A .
H a s k i n s & S e l l s
Hass, Joseph A .
Hatry, Harry A .
Hebrew Sheltering &
Immigran t Aid Society
Hebrew Publishing Co .
Hein, Miss Yrsa
H e l f a t , J . Nathan
H e l l e r , I s a a c S .
*Hen dricks, Mrs . C h a r l e s
Hendricks, Henry S .
Hen dricks, Mrs . H e n r y S .
Henshel, H . D .
Herber t, Edward
Herman , Abraham
H e r m a n , Sy d n e y H .
Hernstadt, W . L .
H e r s h f i e l d , L e v i
Herz og, Mrs . B e l l e A .
Herz og, Samuel A .
Heyman, David M .
Himowich, M .
Hirsch, Leon H .
H i r s c h , R i c h a r d
Hirschhorn, Fred
H i r s c h l a n d , F . H .
Hirshon, Mrs . C h a r l e s
H o c h s t e r , A l b e r t
Hockstader, Leonard A .
Hofheimer, Fannie
Hofheimer, Mrs . F a n n i e
Hofheimer, Henry
Hofheimer Foundation, Nathan
Holzman , Asher
Holzman , Elkan
H o l z m a n , J a m e s M .
Holzman, S .
Holzman, Tobias
H o r o w i t z , L o u i s J .
Horwitz, Max
Horwitz, Moses
Hubshman, Henry M .
H y a m s o n , M .
Hym an, Arthur B .
H yma n , Arthur D .
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1 6 4 T h e Amer i ca n J ewi s h Comm itte e
H y deman , Edwin M .
Hyman, Joseph C .
I c k e l h e i m e r , H a r r y R
I s a a c s , S t a n l e y M .
I s r a e l , C a r l o s
I t t l e s o n , H e n r y
J a c k s o n , P e r c i v a l E .
J a c o b i , H a r o l d
J a c o b s , R . J . , & Co .
J a c o b s , S . M .
J a c o b s o n , F e r d i n a n d
J a c o b s o n , S t e l l a
J o n a s , R a l p h
J o s e p h , M a u r i c e
J o s e p h , S y l v a n L
J o s e p h , T h e o d o r e H .
K a c h u r i n , P h i l i p
K a h n , H e r b e r t
Kallman , Max S .
K a p l a n , I r a I .
K a p l a n , M o r d e c a i M .
Karpf, M . J .
K a s t o r , A d o l p h
K a s t o r , A l f r e d B .
K a t c h e r , A . D .
K a t z , E u g e n e
K a t z e n b e r g , L o u i s , R o s e
& H ow a rd
K a t z e n b e r g , M i l t o n R
K a t z e n s t e i n , M a r t i n L .
Kaufman, H . M .
K a y e , G a b r i e l S .
K e l l e r , J o s e p h F .
Kempner, S. M a r s h a l l
Kern, Mrs . S a r a h
K i r s c h e n b a u m , I .
K l a u , N a t h a n
K l e e , M r . & M r s . S i m o n J .
K l e i n , D . E m i l
K l e i n , J o s e p h J .
K l e i n , L e o p o l d
K l e i n , S .
K l e i n , S i d
K l e i n , W i l l i a m
K l i n e , G e o r g e
K l i n g e n s t e i n , C h a r l e s
*Deceased
K o h l e r , E d g a r J .
* K o h l e r , M a x J .
Kohnstam m, Edward
Kohnstamm, Joseph
Kops, Waldemar
K o r n , D a n i e l L .
K o r n , W a l t e r C .
K o r n f i e l d , A l b e r t E .
K r a k e u r , J a c q u e s
K u g e l m a n , J u l i u s G .
K u h e , I .
Kuhn, Arthur K .
L a c h m a n , M i s s R o s e
L a m p o r t , A . M .
L a n d s m a n , S . M .
L a n g n e r , L a w r e n c e
L a u e r , E d g a r J .
L a u t e r b a c h , A a r o n
L e d e r e r , R i c h a r d M .
Lederma n, M .
L e h m a i e r , J a m e s M .
L e h m a n , A r t h u r , & A s s o c i a t e s
*Lehman, H arold M .
Lehman , Herbert H .
L e h m a n , I r v i n g
L e i d e s d o r f , S . D .
L e m o n , J . E .
L e v i n e , I . B .
L e v o r , M r s . L o u i s e L .
L e v y , M r s . A d e l e R .
L e v y , M r s . D i a n a
L e v y , E d g a r A .
L e v y , M r s . L . N.
L e v y , M a x J .
L e w a l d , S i m o n
L e w i n s o n , B .
L e w i s , T e d
L e w i s o h n , A d o l p h
Lewisohn, Sam A .
Lewy, Max
Libman , E .
L i c h t e n s t e i n , M .
L i g h t , N o r b e r t D .
L i l i e n t h a l , J o s e p h L .
Limbur g, Alan M .
Linde, Herman
L i o n , O s c a r
L i p p e r , A r t h u r
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Lippman n, George
Lippman n, Harry
Lippman n, Robert K .
L i s s a u e r , H a r r y
Lissner, H erman
L i t t e r , A r t h u r S .
L i v i n g s t o n , C .
L i v i n g s t o n , M r s . K a t e
Loeb, Carl M .
Loeb, Mrs . M o r r i s
Lorsch, Hen ry
Lowe, Percival R .
Lowenstein , Benjamin
Lowenstein , Benjamin
L o w e n s t e i n , G a b r i e l
Lowenstein, Solomon C .
L u r i e , M r s . M .
Maass, Herbert H .
Magnin, Rose F .
M a l i n a , L o u i s
Manges, Morris
Manheimer, Jac R .
Marks, Benjami n E .
*Marks, Marcus M .
Marx, Alexan der
M a r s h a l l , J a m e s
M a s l a n s k y , P h i l i p
Mayer, Clinton 0 . , J r .
Mayer, Mrs . S o p h i a
Meirowitz, Dr . P h i l i p
Mendelsohn, Sigmund
Menken, Mrs . Mortimer M .
Messing, Louis N .
Meyer, Dr . A l f r e d
Meyer, Charles H .
M e y e r , F l o r e t t e S .
Meyer, Max
Meyers, Wallace
Miller, Martha K .
M i l l e r B r o s . H a t C o .
M i l l h i s e r , M r s . Regina V. A .
M i l l s t e i n , H a r r y
M o i s e i f f , L e o n S .
Mordecai, Benjamin
Morgenthau, Hen ry
M o r r i s , J o s e p h L .
*Deceased
Li s t o f Su s t a i n i n g M e m b e r s
M o r r i s o n , I s i d o r e D .
Morse, Moses M .
Moskowitz, Dr . Henry
Moss, B . S .
M u e h l s t e i n , H .
Mundheim, Samuel
Nathan, Mrs . C l a r e n c e S .
Nathan, Mrs . Edgar J .
Nathan, Edgar J . , J r .
Nathan, Miss Emily S .
Nathan, Harold
N a t h a n , M i s s R o s a l i e
Naumburg, George W .
Naumburg, Mrs . Max
Nayfack, Bertram S .
Necarls umer, Mrs . H e n r y
Necarlsumer, Henry
New York Foundation
Newborg, Moses, & Co .
Newburger, Alfred H .
Newburger, M . J .
Newburger, Samuel M .
Nordlin ger, Mrs . F l o r a
Nordlinger, H . H .
Nordlin ger, Miss Martha
Ochs, Mannie
Opton, Milton E .
Parmet, Meyer
Pearlman, Phil
P e i e r l s , S i e g f r i e d
Pforzheimer, Carl H .
P h i l l i p s , C a p t . N . T a y l o r
Pollak, Mrs . F r a n c i s D .
P o l l a k , M a u r i c e
P o l l a k , M a u r i c e
P o l l a r d , I . B .
P o l l i t z e r , S .
Popper, Arthur M .
Popper, Mrs . W i l l i a m C .
P o s t l e y , G i l b e r t J .
Prager, William
P r o k e s c h , S . Z .
Proskauer, Joseph M .
Proskauer, Richman
Rabinowitz, Aaron
Racoosin, Theodore
Ravner, William
R e i s s , C h a r l e s
1 6 5
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1 6 6 The American Jewish Committee
R e i t e r , M r . & M r s . Lewis M .
Richter, Max
Riegelman, Harold
Riem, Simon R .
Robb, Moe
Robbins, K .
R o s e , M i s s S i t t a h R .
Rosenbaum, Martin
Rosenba um, Sol G .
Rosenberg, H .
Rosenberg, James N .
R o s e n b l a t t , A l b e r t
R o s e n f e l d , E r n s t
Rosenheim, Louis
Rosenman, Samuel J .
Rosenthal, Mrs . J e s s e
Rosenthal, Leon W .
R o s e n t h a l , M o r r i s
Rosenthal, Samuel
Rosenthal, Samuel G .
Rossbach , Max J .
R o s s i n , A l f r e d S .
Rosenzweig, Hen ry
Roth, Harry
R o t h s c h i l d , M i s s A .
R o t h s c h i l d , A n n a J .
Rozoff, Harry
Rubenstien, Henry H .
S a c h s , B .
Sachs, Samuel
Sack, Alexander N .
Sack, Benjam inS a k s , I s a d o r e
Salman owitz, M .
Samkoff, Leon
San ders , Max E .
S a x e , S i g .
Schaap, Michael
Schan zer, Anna H .
Scheer, H . C .
S c h e u e r , S . H .
S c h i f f , J o h n M .
S c h i f f , M i s s T h e r e s a
S c h i f f e r , M r s . A l f r e d
Schimmer, Charles
S c h l e s i n g e r , P e t e r
* D e c e a s e d
S c h n e i e r s o n , S . S .
Schonbrunn, S . A .
S c h u l t e , J o s e p h M .
S c h u l t e , M r s . J o s e p h M .
Schwarz haupt, Emil
S c h w a r t z , D a n i e l S .
S e i f e r h e l d , D a v i d F .
S e i f e r h e l d , S i g m u n d
S e l i g m a n , E u s t a c e
Semel, Bern ard
S e s s l e r , M r s . B e l l e
Sicher, Samuel A .
Sidenberg, Mrs . H e n r y
Sidenberg, William R .
Siegm an , Simon
S i l b e r s t e i n , A b r a h a m
Singer, Hen ry B .
Sloman , M .
S o l i n g e r , R a y C .
S o l i s , M i s s E l v i r a N .
Sondheim, Phineas
Sonneborn, Dr . F .
S p e y e r , J a m e s
S p i e g e l b e r g , G e o r g e C .
S p i t z , L e o p o l d
Stamm, Alfred Louis
Stein, Meyer A .
S t e i n , S .
S t e i n e r , H e r b e r t E .
S t e i n e r , M i l t o n S .
S t e r n , A l b e r t
S t e r n , A l b e r t
S t e r n , A r t h u r
S t e r n , D a v i d
Stern, Hen ry Root
S t e r n , M i l t o n
S t e r n , M r s . W i l l i a m
S t e r n b e r g , S a m u e l
S t e t t e n h e i m F o u n d a t i o n ,
Flora R . & I s i d o r M .
S t i e f e l , H e l e n S .
S t i e g l i t z , M r . & M r s . A l b e r t
S t i x , S y l v a n L .
Stone, N . I .
Straus, Harry H .
Straus, Hugh G rant
Straus, Roger W .
* S t r a u s s , C h a r l e s
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S t r a u s s , M r s . D a i s y R .
S t r a u s s , D r . I s r a e l
S t r a u s s , L e w i s L .
S t r a u s s , M r s . S . J .
Stroock, Mrs . P a u l i n e S .
Stroock, Sol M .
S u l z b e r g e r , A r t h u r H a y s
Sulzberger, Mrs . C y r u s L .
Sulzberger, David Hays
Sulzberger, Nathan
Sundhe imer, W . A .
S u r u t , L o u i s
Sussman, William S .
Tas, Emile
Taussig, Mrs . Noah W .
Toch, MaxTrachman , Morris
Trencher, Bernard
T r o u n s t i n e , L e w i s J .
Uhry, Mrs . R o s e
Unger, Harry W .
* U n t e r b e r g , I s r a e l
Van Raalte, Benjamin
Veith, Mrs . F . F .
Vineberg, Hiram N .
Vogel, Edwin C .
* V o g e l s t e i n , L u d w i g
V o r h a u s , L o u i s J .
Wachen heim, Edgar
Wachenheim, Robert J .
Wachman, J . M .
Waldman, Morris D .
W a l l a c h , C h a r l e s
Waller, Jerome
W a l l e r s t e i n , L e o
Wallerstein, Leo & Max
Wallerstein, Max
Warburg, Felix M .
W a s s e r v o g e l , I s i d o r
Waterman, Edmund
W e i l , C h a r l e s S .
Weil, Mr . & M r s . Sumner
Weill, Max
Weinberg, Sidney J .
Weiner, Mrs . D a v i d
Weisman, Milton C .
*Deceased
List o f Sust ai n i n g Mem b e r s
W e i s s , J . S .
W e l s , I s i d o r
Wertheimer, Leon G .
Wilensky, A . 0 .
W i l e y , L o u i s
W i l l e t t , G e o r g e
W i l l e t t , M e y e r
W i l l s t a t t e r , M r s . A .
*Wimpfheimer, Charles A .
Wolbarst, Dr . A . L .
Wolf, Abraham
Wolf, Frank
Wolf, Simson
Wolff, Mrs . J . R .
Wolff, Jerome
Wolff, Mrs . Meyer
Wolfinsohn, Mrs . W o l f e
Wolfson, T .
Wollma n, H e nr y
Wollman, William J .
Women's Branch Union of
Orthodo x Syn agogues
Women's League of Un ited
Synagogues
Yankauer, Alfred
Ya nkau er, Max
Younker, Ira M .
Z a l i e l s , M a x
Z o b e l , F r e d e r i c k C .
Brooklyn
B a c h r a c h , C l a r e n c e G .
B e r st e i n , B .
B i l d e r s e e , M i s s A d e l e
Block, Alexander
Blum, Robert E .
Brooklyn Jewish Committee
Brown, Desmond
C e l l e r , E m a n u e l
Franks, Hyman S .
Germain, L .
Greene, D .
Greenstone, Meyer
Groden, Morris
Hamburger, Louis
J a s o n , A l f r e d H .
J a f f a , C h a r l e s
Kiss, M .
16 7
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1 70 The American Jewish Committ ee
B a k r o w , J u l e J .
Benjamin, Morris
Cohen, Morris
Cohn, H erma n C .
Cohn, H erman M .
Crame r, B . A .
E d e l s t e i n , S i m o n
E p s t e i n , M i s s M i n n i e
F i r e s t o n e , S .
Forman, B .
Garson , L. M .
Germanow, H erman
G l a s e r , J e r o m e
Harris, Harry Z .
Hess, Mr . & M r s . G e r a l d
Heuman n, Sol
Hy man, Alfred H .
Katz, Mrs . A . J .
Klonick, Harry
K o c h e n t h a l , J e s s e
Kolio, H .
Krause, Eugen e
L e i t e r , H a r r y
Lerne r, Macy L .
Levy , H . J .
Lowen thal, Eugene M .
Mannheimer, Ike
Markus, Charles W .
Meyers, Jacques L .
Meyers, Walter S .
M i c h a e l s , J o s e p h
Neisner, Joseph M .
Samuelsohn, Hen ry
Segal, Harry
S i l v e r s t e i n , J o s e p h E .
Simon , Mrs . F l o r e n c e
Spanel, A .
S t e i f e l l , M rs . Simon
Stein, Simon N .
Stern, Hen ry M .
Stern , M . A .
W e i s s , M i s s E s t h e r
W i l e , J u l i u s M .
W i l e y , J u l i a n
S c a r s d a l e
G i p s , W a l t e r F .
T r a g e r , J . G a r f i e l d
Wolff, Mr . & M r s . S a m u e l F .
Schen ectady
Graubart, Maurice B.
G r o s b e r g , J o s e p h E .
L u r i e , L e w i s
S u f f e r n
G o l d b u r g , L o u i s
Syracuse
Grossma n, Lionel 0 .
S e r l i n g , H a r r y
R e l i g i o u s S c h o o l , T e m p l e S o c i e t y
S y r a c u s e J e w i s h F e d e r a t i o n
Troy
Alexander, Milton
Beth-El Brotherhood
B u t l e r , H . H .
Utica
Abelove, Barney
Abelson, Barney
Brown, Louis
Copeland, David
Freedman, Miss Sara
Goodman, Harold
G r e e n , C h a r l e s
Gross, Nathan
Grossman, B . C .
Hanen, John
Jacobson , Edward
Jewish Community Counc ilKatzman, Nathan
Kowalsky, H . E .
Kowalsky, Louis
Kowalsky, Robert
Lewis, H . Myron
Lichtma n, E . A .
Lichtman , Max
Markson , Samuel
S a m u e l s , J o s e p h
S i t r i n , C h a r l e s
S i t r i n , C h a r l e s T .
Sitrin, Hy man
S l a t e r , H . S a m u e l
Sonn eborn, Herman
T o f f i e r , B e r n a r d
Vyner, A. L .
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L i s t of S u s t a i n i n g Mem b e r s 1 7 1
Watertown
Lebov sky, Edward H .
West Alban y
Rosenstock, Sidney M .
White Plains
Aronson, Jacob
B u r s t e i n , B e n j a m i n
Doernberg, Dudley D .
G r i n b e r g , J . P .
Jewish Community Cente r
Kempner, Alan H .
Lewis, Edward
P o l l o c k , J o e
Tann enbaum, Samuel W .
NORTH CAROLINABurgaw
Highsmith, Emmett
Margolis, H .
Goldsboro
Commun ity
Weil, Mrs . Henry
W e i l , L i o n e l
Greensboro
Commun ity
Cone, H erman
Con e, Mrs . J e a n e t t e
M o u n t Airy
S c h a f e r , M r s . R
S t a t e s v i l l e
Wallace, Sigmund
Wilmington
Block, William
NORTH DAKOTABismarck
R i g l e r , C h a r l e s
Mill, W .
Fargo
Bachenheimer, Hugo
G o l d b e r g , J a k e
G o l d b e r g , L o u i s P .
Goldbe rg, Max
K a u f m a n , M .
S i e g e l , M a t t
Wilk, Herman
Wilk, M . A .
Devils Lake
S g u t t , S . B .
Minot
OHIOAkro n
Alexander, Dav id
Guren, S. B .
B e l l a i r e
Axelrod , Simon
Bucyrus
Enge lhard, M .
Can ton
Cohen , Ernest H .
Luntz , A. M .
W i l k o f f , M o r r i s
C i n c i n n a t i
Jewish Welfare Fund
Johnson, Samuel J .
M i n s t e r , L . R
Rosenthal, George W .
Cleveland
Jewish Welfare Fund
Colum bus
Joint Fund
L a z a r u s , F r e d , J r .
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1 7 2 The American Jewish Committ ee
L a z a r u s , R o b e r t
Lazarus, Simon
Meisner, SimonSumne r, Samuel N .
Z i e g e r , H a r r y
Day ton
A d l e r , C . C .
Adler, M . L .
A d l e r , R . C .
Cohn, H arry E .
Cramer, N orman
E i s e n b e r g e r , I.
Lehman, Bern ard
*Lehman, Har ry
L e s s n e r , J o s e p h M .
Newsalt, T . A .
Rauh, Ed
Rauh, Elmer
Sanders, Nathan
T h a l , S . H .
Hamilton
Koh n, Myro n D .
S p r i n g f i e l d
Commun ity
J a f f a , S a m
S t e u b e n v i l l e
F r e i f i e l d , S a m u e l
Toledo
B a s c h , S y l v a i n
B i l l s t e i n , H . H .
Bloch, Henry B .
C a r v a l h o , L e s l i e
C r o n s t i n e , D r . Monroe
E d e l s t e i n , S o l
E p p s t e i n , J o s e p h
E p p s t e i n , L o u i s
Farber, Eugene
F r a n k , I r v i n g S .
Gerson , Sam
Goldman, Leo J .
J e w i s h R e l i e f C o m m i t t e e
*Deceased
Kaplin, Thomas L .
Kobacker, Jerome
Kobacker's
Lemper t, M. H .
Levison, Harry
Newmeyer, Leroy
Reuben , Al E .
Sang er, Sigmund
S c h r e i b e r , C o r n e l l
Skutch, William G .
S m i t h , O s c a r J .
Wiener, Herman
Z e c k h a u s e r , J u l i u s
Z i e g l e r , A l f r e d
Youngstown
Frankle, Mose
Jewish Welfare Campaign
K l i v a n s , J a c o b
Levinson , Harry
L e v i s o n , R i t t e r
Moyer, Morris
OKLAHOMAArdmo re
A r d m o r e F e d e r a t e d C h a r i t i e s
Westheimer, Max
Atoka
Zweigel, A .
B a r t l e s v i l l e
May, Ann a
B r i s t o w
L o e f l f e r , L o u i s
Chickasha
High, S. S .
L e v i n e , B e n
M i l l e r , C h a r l e s I .
R a i z i n , S .
S p i t z e r , P a u l
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List o f Sustainin g Mem b e r s 1 7 3
Coalgate
Vogel I . , & S o n s
Zweigel, Mr .
D u n c a n
R o l i n o w i t z , B e n
Eni d
Council of Jewish Women
E s k i n , J o s e p h
Herzberg, A .
E r i c k
B l o n d s t e i n , S a m
F r a n k , C h a r l e s
Frank, Harry B .
Hinton
S e i g l e , M o r r i s
I d a b e l
Fine, M .
W i e s e n f e l d , M o r r i s
Lawto n
Zak, Ralph
McAleste r
Weitzenhoff er, Aaron M .
W e i t z e n h o f f e r , I . I.
Weitzenhoffer, M. M .
Weitzenhoffer Bros .
Muskogee
Flamm, William
May Bros .
McEntee , Mrs . J . M . , S r .
Sondheimer, Samuel
N o r m a n
Court, N .
Oklahoma City
B a r n e t t , B e n
Barth, Edwin
Barth, Mrs . L e n a
B a r t h , L e o p o l d
B e r n s t e i n , J e r o m e
B e r n s t e i n , S . K .
B l a t t , J o s e p h
B l o c h , J u l e s
Bravo, Sam
B u t k i n , L .
B y e r s , P a u l
Coplan , A. J .
Davis, Dave
D a v i s , W i l l i a m
Dreyfus, A .
Englesman , A . D .
Fagin Bros .
Fine, M .
F i s h e r , R o b e r t
Fishman, C. J .
Gerson, Harry
G o l d f a i n , E .
Goldfarb, George
Gordon, Abe
Gordon, Harry
Gordon, Sam
Greenberg, Myer
Greenberg, Ted
H a r t , O t t o
Hecker, Harry
Heiman, Al I . & H e r b e r t J .
Herman, S . H .
Herskowitz, E. N .
Herskowitz, Harry
Herskowitz, N . D .
Hers kowitz Estate, Max
Hipsh, M .
H i r s c h l a n d , B e n
Horwitz, L . J .
J a c o b s o n , J .
Kamber, Milton & Louis
Kopp, Mrs . H .
Krouch, J .
Lehrman , J . H .
L e v i , E . N .
Levin e, N .
Levy, Harry
L e w i s , W i l l i a m
Lieberman, Paul
Lowens tein, M .
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1 7 4 The American J ewish Committee
M a r i z o n , J .
May, Ben
Mendel, A .
Mulmed, B .
Muroff, Mr .
Myer, Mrs . J o s e p h
Naman, Mrs . E d
Paul, Gus A .
Paul, H .
P o l l o c k , L . L .
R o s e n f i e l d , M r s . H .
R o s e n f i e l d , J o e l
R o s e n f i e l d , L o u i s
R o s e n f i e l d , M a x
R o s e n t h a l , A l
R u b i n , I .
Sanditen, H .
Schinwald, Dav e
Schon wald, Morris
S c h w a r t z , J .
Simon, H arry
S i n g e r , S . J .
Standa rd Food Markets
Ta ne nbau m, Mrs . J o s i e
Taubaum, A .
T e l l e r , H . J .
Warsaski, David
Warshawer, M . W .
Wolff, H . P .
Okrnulgee
S h e f f e l , N a t h a n
Perry
G o t t l i e b , M .
G o t t l i e b , R .
L o b s i t z , J a m e s
Ponc a City
G a l l a n t e r , J . G .
G o l d e n s t e i n , J .
Shure, M . B .
Sapulp a
Katz Dept . S t o r e
Shawn ee
Kamenesky, Jake
S t i l l w a t e r
K a t z , J .
Tulsa
Appleman, Nathan
H e r s h k o w i t z , I . M .
Weatherford
Kramer, Ben H .
Soloway , M .
PENNSYLVANIAP h i l a d e l p h i a
A d l e r , C y r u s
A l l m a n , J u s t i n P .
American Philanthropic
A s s o c i a t i o n
Amram, Dav id W .
Ancker , Lawren ce L .
A t c h i c k , I s a a c
Behrend, Moses
Berkowitz, Leon L .
B e r n s t e i n , R o b e r t M .
B i l l i k o p f , J a c o b
Blauner, Harry
B l o c h , A r t h u r
Blumenthal, Hart
Blumenthal, Mrs . R e b e c c a
Brau de, H e nr y W .
Brav, Aaron
Bryla wski, Edward
C a s s e t t , L . N .
Cohen , A . J .
C o h e n , I s r a e l
C o n g r e g a t i o n B e t h E l
Cushman , Edward H .
Drob, Morris
Eichholz , Adolph
Ellerman , Sidney
E l l i s , A . M .
Elmaleh , L. H .
F e l s , M a u r i c e
Fer nberger, H erma n W .
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F l e i s h e r , A r t h u r A .
Fox, Charles Edwin
Frank, Martin
F r i e d m a n , L i o n e l
Friedman, Samuel
Friedman, Samuel P .
G e r s t l e y , M r s . H .
G e r s t l e y , I s a a c
G e r s t l e y , L o u i s , J r .
G e r s t l e y , S a m u e l
Goldburgh, Harold L .
Golder, Benjamin M .
G o l d s m i t h , K a t h e r i n e
G o l d s t e i n , J o s e p h
Gordon, A .
Grand Lodge Judaic Union
G r a y , J . M a u r i c e
G r e e n s t o n e , J u l i u s H .
Gross, Harry
Grossman, Samuel
Hagedorn, Joseph H .
H a r Zi o n Te m p l e
H a s s l e r , I s a a c
H e i d e l b e r g e r , L o u i s
Hirsh, Harry B .
Henly, Elkan
Kapp, David
Katz, Simon
K a t z e n b e r g , L u c i e n
K a t z m a n , M a x
Kind, Mrs . I d a
K i n d , P h i l i p
Klein, Alfred M .
Klein, Eugene
K o c h , I . M .
Kohn, Bernard
Kohn, Irving
Kohn, Joseph
Langfeld, William L .
L e v i n t h a l , L o u i s E .
L e v y , H o w a r d S .
L e v y , L i o n e l F .
L i c h t e n s t e i n , M a y e r
Lieberman, Albert H .
L i f t e r , M r s . J o s e p h J .
Loeb, Adolph
Loeb, Arthur
L o e b , H o w a r d A .
List o f Su s t a i n i n g Members 175
L o e b , M i c h a e l
Loeb, Oscar
L o e w e n b e r g , S a m u e l A .
L o e w e n s t e i n , S i d n e y
Markovitz Bros .
M a t u s o w , H a r r y
Mayer, Clinton O .
Mazer, Charles
Miller-Faggen, Mrs . J e n n i e H .
M i t o s k y , J o s e p h
N eum a n , A b r a h am A .
Nusbaum, Harry _
Obermayer, Leon J .
Paley, Samuel
P e p B o y s - M a n n y - M o e - J a c k
P f a e l z e r , M r s . Frank A .
P i n k u s , M a x
P o l l o c k , M i s s H e n r i e t t e S .
Reform Congregation
K e n e s e t h I s r a e l
Riesman, David
Robinson, Harry A .
Rosen, Theodore
Rosenbaum, Heinrich
Rosenfeld, A . L .
R o s e n w a l d , L e s s i n g J .
R o s e w a t e r , V i c t o r
R o s s k a m , E m m a
Rosskam, Lester G .
Rosskam, William B .
S c h l e s s , R o b e r t A .
Schneyer Clothing Co .
S c h o r r , G e o r g e J .
S c h o r r , H e n r y W .
S e l i g , B e r n a r d
S e l i g , E l y K .
S e l i g , E m i l
S e l i g , S o l
S i c k l e s , S o l o m o n
S o l i s - C o h e n , J . , J r .
S o l i s - C o h e n , S .
Solms, Albert M .
S p e c t o r , M a u r i c e
S t e r n , B e r n h a r d
S t e r n , M i s s B e r t h a
S t e r n , M r s . D e b b i e L .
S t e r n , H o r a c e
S t e r n , H o w a r d E .
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1 76
S u n s t e i n , L e o n C .
T rum p e r , M a x
V a n S t r a a t e n , A l e x
Walter, Simon
W e b e r , D a v i d
W e i n t r a u b , J u l i u s
W e y l , J u l i u s S .
W e y l , M a u r i c e N .
W hite, Abe
W o l f , M r s . A l b e r t
Wolf, Clarence
Wolf, David J .
* W o l f , E d w i n
W o l f , M r s . F e d o r a
W o l f , H o w a r d A .
Wolf, Louis
Wolf, Morris
Wolf, Walter L .
Wurzel, Maurice L .
Allentown
Benioff, Herman
B r o n e , S . S .
F r a e n k e l , J u l i u s
G o t t l i e b , M o r i t z M .
H a l t z e l , H e n r y S .
Hess, Mrs . M a x
Kauffmann, Mitchell
L e o n a r d , J o s e p h
M a r k o w i t z , S a m u e l
Samuels, Mrs . A .
Samuels, Jay M .
Smith, Samuel
S u b i n , L o u i s
Altoona
Cohn, Benjamin
S c h e e l i n e , I s a i a h
B e a v e r F a l l s
Solomon, Moses
B u t l e r
B e r m a n , M . A .
Horwitz, William
C h e s t e r
Speare Bros .
' Deceased
The Am e r i ca n Jeu r i s h C omm i t t e e
C o a t e s v i l l e
G o l d b e r g , J . & C o .
Crafton
H e r m a n , J .
Danville
M a r k s , B . L .
Duquesne
Levine Bros .
Easton
Mayer, Jacob
E l k i n s P a r k
F l e i s h e r , M r s . Horace T .
H i r s c h , L o u i s A .
S l o s s , M a r g a r e t F .
E r i e
C o m m u n i t y
M e y e r s , J a c o b
Fredericktown
A u s t i n , J .
F i n d l e & F i n d l e
G r o s s , R .
Kopelson Bros .
L a z o b i k , S .
M o s k o v i t z & B r o w n
Rosenthal,M .
S i l v e r b l a t t , S .
S i m o n , I .
Ziskind & Brown
Harrisburg
German Jewish Relief
Hazleton
R i f k i n , I s a d o r e
L a n c a s t e r
P i r o s h , W i l l i a m
Salomon, Saul
S t e i n , B . D .
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Lansford
K u t l e r , R e u b e n
Leechburg
Braun, Harry
Lehighton
Rauscher, Emanuel
M c K e e s p o r t
Buck, William
H i r s h b e r g , J . & C o .
Kaplan, R. E
.
Kolkstone, Samuel
Levine, Herman
Ruben, Joseph H .
Samuels, Harry P .
S h r o d e r , M o r r i s
Union Clothing Co .
M o u n t U n i o n
S h a p i r o , J . S . & S o n
Palmerton
P h i l i p , H a r r y
P i t t s b u r g h
Aaron, Marcus
B a e r , J u l i u s
Bash, Henry
B a u m , H u g o
B l u m , M a x L .
B u c k s t e i n , S o l
C o h n , M r s . C a r r i e
E l l m a n , L o u i s
F r a n k , M r . & M r s . H . I .
F r a n k , R o b e r t J .
Goldsmith, Mrs . S a m u e l B .
Grafner, Emanuel
K a n n , S t a n l e y J .
K a u f m a n n , M r s . B e t t y W .
K a u f m a n n , M r . & M r s . K a r l J .
Klee, William B .
K l e i n , S . S .
Labowitz, David
L e h m a n , M r . & Mrs . I r v i n F .
Loeb, Frank S .
Neam a n , M o r r i s
L i s t o f S u s t a i n i n g M e m b e r s
N o l a n , M a r k H .
R au h , M a r c u s
Shermer, Frank J .
S i m o n , I . A .
S t e i n b e r g , M r . & M r s .
B e n j a m i n L .
S t r a s s b u r g e r , E u g e n e B .
S t r a s s b u r g e r , H a r v e y S .
T e l l e r , S i d n e y A .
United Jewish Appeal
Wertheimer, Miss Ella
R a n k i n
W e b e r , M o r r i s B .
R e a d i n g
United Jewish Appeal
R e n o v o
S c h w a r t z , M i s s C e l i a E .
Scranton
United Jewish Committee
S h e f f i e l d
E p s t e i n , L e v i
T o w a n d a
T o w a n d a W h o l e s a l e C o .
Wilkes Barre
Bravman, Philip
C o m m u n i t y
Feinberg, Harry
L a n d a u , H e r m a n
S i l v e r b l a t t , J .
U n i t e d J e w i s h A l l i a n c e
Weitzenkorn, J . K .
RHODE ISLANDProvidence
Abrams, Saul
B e r g e r , I .
Braude, William G .
F e l d e r , J a c o b I .
G a r f i n k e l , I .
Silverman Bros .
1 7 7
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1 78
SOUTH CAROLINAC a m d e n
Kirschner, Mr . & M r s . D .
C h a r l e s t o n
Loeb, Mrs . L e e
St. Mathews
P e a r l s t o n e , S h e p
Spartanburg
C o m m u n i t y
G r e e n w a l d , I . H .
S u m t e r
Barnett, Mr . & M r s . H . D .
Moise, L . C .
Sumter Temple Sinai
TENNESSEEM e m p h i s
A b r a h am B r o s .
E t t l e s o n , H . W .
F r i e d l a n d e r , S .
Jewish Welfare Fund
K a p l a n , M a x
Menke, J . B .
M e t z g e r , O t t o
N a s h v i l l e
C o m m u n i t y
TEXASB r o w n s v i l l e
Kowalski, B . L .
Dallas
Bromberg, Henri L .
F l o r e n c e , F . F .
J e w i s h F e d e r a t i o n f o r
S o c i a l S e r v i c e
Linz, Simon
El Paso
B a r n e t t , H a r r y
Blaugrund, Eddie
Blaugrund, Henry
B l a u g r u n d , J . B .
T he Amer ic a n J e w i s h C ommit t e e
Coblentz, M .
E l P a s o J e w i s h R e l i e f S o c i e t y
E r l i c h , I .
G i v e n , C h a r l e s
H i r s c h b e r g , I .
Krohn, Ed . H .
Mathias, A .
Potash, H .
Roth, Joseph M .
Schwartz, Ervin H .
Schwartz, Maurice
S t e r n g l a n z , E l i a s
Weinstein, R
W e i s s , I .
W i s bu r n , E d .
Z i e l o n k a , M a r t i n
F o r t W o r t h
Friedman, Harry B .
Council of Jewish Women
Mehl, B . Max
M i l l e r , H . H .
S c h w a r z , E d w i n G .
S i m o n , M . M .
Galveston
B l o c k , J u l e s
B o d a n s k y , M .
Burka, Morris E .
C o h e n , H e n r y
C o h e n , R o b e r t I .
Davidson, H . E .
Feldman, Louis H .
K em p n e r , H .
Levy, Adrian
L e v y , J . M .
L i o n , A l p h o n s e
N e e t h e , J o h n
S a s s , B e n
S e i n s h e i m e r , J .
S e i n s h e i m e r , J . F .
S w i f f , J a c o b
W e i l l , M r s . M e l l a
H o u s t o n
C o m m u n i t y
J a r e t t , R o b e r t S .
Schnitzer, Max
Weingarten, J .
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M a i e r , S .
P a m p a
F i n ke l s t e i n , D . A .
S a n A n t o n i o
C o m m u n i t y
Halff, Mrs . H e n r y
Oppenheimer, J . D .
S h a r l a c k , L o u i s
Tyler
C o m m u n i t y
Wadel, Burnett
Waco
P a l e s t i n e
Y o u n g J u d e a
UTAHBamberger, Julian M .
Marcus, Louis
O t t e n h e i m e r , A l b e r t
R o s e n b l e e t , N a t h a n
VIRGINIAB e r r y v i l l e
Scheuer, Harold L .
Nor f o l k
A l t s c h u l , H .
R i c h m o n d
E l s n e r , S o l
G a l e s k i , M r s . S .
K a u f m a n n , I .
Raab, Henry S .
R a a b , M e r r i l l E .
S t e r n , S i d n e y L .
S t r a u s e , M a u r i c e L .
Thalhimer, William B .
United Jewish Appeal
WASHINGTONS e a t t l e
C o o p e r , I s a a c
Gerber, Maurice
G r u n b a u m , O . S .
K o c h , S a m u e l
Kreielsheimer, Max
L i s t o f S u s t a i n i n g Members
L a n g , R E .
Lipman, David
Ne w b e r g er , M . W.
Rosenberg, Emanuel
S h e m a n s k i , A l b e r t
Shemanski, Alfred
S t e r n , L . M .
W e n a t c h e e
Neubauer, N . I .
WEST VIRGINIAC h a r l e s t o n
Frankenberger, Max
C h a r l e s To w n
S i l v e r s t e i n , A . P .
H u n t i n g t o n
S a m s o n , S a m u e l
W h e e l i n g
Horkheimer, Louis
WISCONSING r e e n B a y
A b r o h a m s , B .
Baum, Cecil
M a d i s o n
Ellman, Ben L .
M i l w a u k e e
F r i e d l a n d e r , A . J .
G o t t s c h a l k , M a x W .
P a t e k , A r t h u r J .
Rosenberg, Armin
S a l z s t e i n , A . L .
S c h u s t e r , B . L .
S u r e , J u l i u s H .
S h e b o y g a n
F e d e r a t e d J e w i s h C h a r i t i e s
FOREIGNK e i t h , S y d n e y ,
M e l b o u r n e , A u s t r a l i a
S t e i n e r , J a m e s ,
Honolulu, H . I .
179
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CONTRIBUTING ORGANIZATIONS
A l a b a m a
C o n g r e g a t i o n E m a n u e l , B i r m i n g h a m
G e r m a n E m e r g e n c y F u n d , B i r m i n g h a m
C o n g r e g a t i o n B ' n a i S c h o l e m , H u n t s v i l l e
C o m m un i t y o f M o b i l e
Jewish Federation, Montgomery
A r i z o n a
Congregation Adath Israel, Douglas
Arkansas
F e d e r a t i o n o f J e w i s h C h a r i t i e s , L i t t l e R o c k
C a l i f o r n i a
United Jewish Welfare Fund, Oakland
Jewish National Welfare Fund, San Francisco
Connecticut
Emanuel Brotherhood, Hartford
C o n g . B e t h I s r a e l , H a r t f o r d
Temple Sisterhood Cong . B e t h I s r a e l , H a r t f o r d
Congregation, Mishkan Israel, New Haven
C o m m u n i t y o f N e w L o n d o n
United Jewish Committee, Waterbury
F l o r i d a
Community of Gainesville
Community of Jacksonville
Miami Joint Committee, Miami
A l l i e d J e w i s h C a m p a i g n , Ta m p a
G e o r g i a
A t l a n t a A d v i s o r y C o u n c i l , A t l a n t a
C o m m u n i t y o f A u g u s t a ,
J e w i s h C o m m u n i t y , M a c o n
United Jewish Drive, Savannah
I l l i n o i s
Au r o r a Y . M . H . A . , A u r o r a
Rosenwald Family Association, Chicago
S i n a i C o n g r e g a t i o n , C h i c a g o
1 8 1
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1 8 2 T he Amer ic a n J e w i s h C ommit t e e
T e m p l e R e l i g i o u s S c h o o l , C h i c a g o
Nor t h S h o r e C o n g . I s r a e l , G l e nc o e
I n d i a n a
F e d e r a t e d J e w i s h C h a r i t i e s , F o r t W a y n e
J e w i s h W e l f a r e F u n d , I n d i a n a p o l i s
C o m m u n i t y o f Te r r e H a u t e
I o w a
C o m m un i t y o f D e s M o i n e s
United Jewish Appeal, Davenport
F e d e r a t i o n o f J e w i s h S o c i a l S e r v i c e , S i o u x C i t y
K e n t u c k y
A d a t h I s r a e l R e l i g i o u s S c h o o l , L o u i s v i l l e
U n i t e d J e w i s h C a m p a i g n , L o u i s v i l l e
Louisiana
Temple Sinai, Lake Charles
M a r y l a n d
Oheb Sholom Religious School, Baltimore
Massachusetts
United Jewish Appeal, Boston
United Jewish Appeal, Lowell
Temple Beth El Sisterhood, Lynn
Worcester County United Appeal, Worcester
M i c h i g a n
Temple Beth-El, Alpena
J e w i s h W e l f a r e F e d e r a t i o n , D e t r o i t
M i n n e s o t a
U n i t e d J e w i s h A p p e a l , D u l u t h
M i n n e a p o l i s F e d e r a t i o n f o r J e w i s h S e r v i c e , M i n n e a p o l i s
Community of St . P a u l
M i s s i s s i p p i
C o m m u n i t y o f J a c k s o n
Missouri
Jewish Welfare Federation, Kansas City
J e w i s h F e d e r a t i o n , S t . L o u i s
N e b r a s k a
Jewish Philanthropies, Omaha
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C o n t r i b u t i n g O r g a n i z a t i o n s 1 8 3
New Hampshire
United Hebrew Charity, Berlin
F r a n k l i n J e w i s h O r g a n i z a t i o n s , F r a n k l i n
New Jersey
Bayonne Progressive Aid Assn . , B a y o n n e
J e w i s h C o u n c i l , E l i z a b e t h
J e w i s h C o m m u n i t y C e n t e r , S u m m i t
New York
E r i e C o u n t y L o d g e I O B A , B u f f a l o
N a t i o n a l C o u n c i l o f J e w i s h W o m e n , L i t t l e F a l l s
R e l i g i o u s S c h o o l , T e m p l e S o c i e t y , S y r a c u s e
S y r a c u s e J e w i s h F e d e r a t i o n , S y r a c u s e
Beth-El Brotherhood, Troy
Jewish Community Council, Utica
Jewish Community Center, White Plains
B a r o n d e H i r s c h F u n d , N e w Yo r k C i t y
B e a u m o n t Tr u s t , N e w Y o r k C i t y
C o n g r e g a t i o n E m a n u - E l , N e w Yo r k C i t y
C o n g r e g a t i o n R o d e p h S h o l o m , N e w Yo r k C i t y
Daniel & Florence Guggenheim Fo undation, New York City
Hebrew Sheltering & Immigrant Aid Society, New York City
Na t h a n H o f h e i m e r F o u n d a t i o n , N e w Y o r k C i t y
N e w Yo r k F o u n d a t i o n , N e w Y o r k C i t y
Flora R . & I s i d o r M . S t e t t e n h e i m F o u n d a t i o n , N e w Y o r k C i t y
W o m e n ' s B r a n c h U n i o n o f O r t h o d o x S y n a g o g u e s
W o m e n' s L e a gu e o f U n i t e d S y n a g o gu e s
Brooklyn Jewish Committee, Brooklyn
North Carolina
C o m m u n i t y o f G r e e n s b o r o
Community of Goldsboro
Ohio
Jewish Welfare Fund, Cincinnati
Jewish Welfare Fund, Cleveland
Joint Fund, Columbus
Community of Springfield
Jewish Relief Committee, Toledo
J e w i s h W e l f a r e C a m p a i g n , Y o un g s t o w n
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1 8 4 T he Ame ri ca n Jewish C o m m i t t e e
Oklahoma
Ardmore Federated Charities, Ardmore
Council of Jewish Women, Enid
Pennsylvania
C o m m un i t y o f E r i e
German Jewish Relief, Harrisburg
A m e r i c a n P h i l a n t h r o p i c A s s o c i a t i o n , P h i l a d e l p h i a
C o n g r e g a t i o n B e t h - E l , P h i l a d e l p h i a
Grand Lodge Judaic Union, Philadelph ia
Har Zion Temple, Philadelphia
R e f o r m C o n g r e g a t i o n K e n e s e t h I s r a e l , P h i l a d e l p h i a
U n i t e d J e w i s h A p p e a l , P i t t s b u r g h
United Jewish Appeal, Reading
United Jewish Committee, Scranton
C o m m u n i t y o f W i l k e s B a r r e
United Jewish Alliance, Wilkes Barre
So ut h C a r o l i n a
C o m m u n i t y o f S p a r t a n bu r g
Sumter Temple Sinai, Sumter
Te n n e s s e e
J e w i s h W e l f a r e F u n d , M e m p h i s
Community of Nashvil le
T e x a s
J e w i s h F e d e r a t i o n f o r S o c i a l S e r v i c e , D a l l a s
E l P a s o J e w i s h R e l i e f S o c i e t y , E l P a s o
Council of Jewish Women, Fort Worth
C o m m u n i t y o f H o u s t o n
C o m m u n i t y o f S a n A n t o n i o
C o m m u n i t y o f Ty l e r
Y o u n g J u d e a , W a c o
Virginia
United Jewish Appeal, Richmond
W i s c o n s i n
F e d e r a t e d J e w i s h C h a r i t i e s , S h e b o y g a n
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L e g a c i e s 185
LEGACIES
1921-Jac ob We r t h e im, New York C i ty1 , 0 0 0 . 0 0
1924- J a c o b H . S i m m o n s , S y r a c u s e , N . Y799 . 4 1
1929-Louis Marsha ll, New York City1 4 , 0 8 9 . 2 2
1932-Morris Abeles, Leavenworth, Kan500 . 0 0
1 9 3 4- M a x J . K o h l e r , N e w Y o r k C i t y500 . 0 0
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