TEST DRIVING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CELLULAR NETWORKS
ETSI Workshop
Athens, October 7, 2013
OF CELLULAR NETWORKS
Marco Ajmone Marsan
Politecnico Torino
Institute IMDEA Networks
� TREND
� Key questions
� How to estimate energy efficiency?
TREND Test Scenarios
OUTLINE
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Athens, October 7, 2013 2
� TREND Test Scenarios
� Conclusions
� TREND
� Key questions
� How to estimate energy efficiency?
TREND Test Scenarios
OUTLINE
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� TREND Test Scenarios
� Conclusions
TREND rationale and motivations
The aim of the TREND NoE
is to establish the integration of
the EU research community in
green networking with a long
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green networking with a long term perspective to consolidate
the European leadership in the
field
www.fp7-trend.eu/
TREND Consortium
Politecnico di Torino
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
iMinds (formerly IBBT)
Technische Universitat Berlin
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
Academic
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Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni
Panepistimio Thessalias
Alcatel- Lucent Bell Labs France
Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH
Telefonica Investigacion Y Desarrollo SA
Orange SA (formerly France Telecom)
FASTWEB SPA
Manufacturers
Operators
� TREND
� Key questions
� How to estimate energy efficiency?
TREND Test Scenarios
OUTLINE
ETSI Workshop
Athens, October 7, 2013 6
� TREND Test Scenarios
� Conclusions
� How to estimate energy efficiency of a cellular network?
� How to obtain meaningful and comparablemetrics?
Key questions
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metrics?
� How to measure existing networks?
� How to compare existing vs future networks
and technologies?
� TREND
� Key questions
� How to estimate energy efficiency?
TREND Test Scenarios
OUTLINE
ETSI Workshop
Athens, October 7, 2013 8
� TREND Test Scenarios
� Conclusions
Obvious!
Measure power!
Power can be measured in several ways:
How to estimate energy efficiency?
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Power can be measured in several ways:
� Look at energy bill
� Use meters at different network elements
� Use power consumption models, and measure network
parameters that appear in the model
�
How to estimate energy efficiency?
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How to estimate energy efficiency?
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How to estimate energy efficiency?
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How to estimate energy efficiency?
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How to estimate energy efficiency?
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How to estimate energy efficiency?
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Obvious!
Measure power/(throughput x area x users)!
But … if we have more bandwidth we need less power …
How to estimate energy efficiency?
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But … if we have more bandwidth we need less power …
if we have faults we need protection equipment …
if we have renewable energy sources we can
treat their power differently …
� So, what should we measure?
Not so obvious
The problem comes from the fact that we want to compare different technologies (e.g, 3G vs 4G) in different scenarios (area, population, service, …)
How to estimate energy efficiency?
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(area, population, service, …)
But … we could define test scenarios to be used for all
technologies, like car manufacturers do, to compare fuel
consumption of different models
� TREND
� Key questions
� How to estimate energy efficiency?
TREND Test Scenarios
OUTLINE
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Athens, October 7, 2013 18
� TREND Test Scenarios
� Conclusions
TTS(u,s) is the TREND Test Scenario in user environment u, subject to the service request pattern s with a given set of QoEconstraints
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constraints
The amount of (brown) energy used by the considered
network in such scenario, expressed in Joules, is called
TTS(u,s) energy consumption
User environment (examples – from EARTH)
� Dense urban, 10000 users per square km (0.1% of total area in Group 1 countries)
� Urban, 1000 users per square km (0.9% of area)
� Suburban, 300 users per square km (3% of area)
� Rural, 30 users per square km (26% of area)
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� Rural, 30 users per square km (26% of area)
� Sparsely populated, 2 users per square km (70% of area)
It is necessary to define a user distribution pattern (e.g., users are uniformly distributed over the area.)
Service request pattern (examples)
� Video: each active user views a 5 minute video clip of size 30 MB which they download using TCP; for the QoE to be considered acceptable, the viewing must not be interrupted.
� Download: each active user downloads a file of size 1 MB using TCP; for the QoE to be considered acceptable, the download must
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TCP; for the QoE to be considered acceptable, the download must last no more than 5 s.
It is possible to define a mix of request patterns.
It is necessary to define a traffic load
Service request pattern (examples)
To define a traffic load (from GreenTouch):
� Average load: 4 h in a typical day
� 20% of average load: 2 h
� 40% of average load: 4 h
120% of average load: 8 h
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� 120% of average load: 8 h
� 140% of average load: 6 h
It is necessary to define an overprovisioning level (e.g., capacity equal to 200% of average) and to account for failures
Load is a function of the number of active users
TTS(u,s) Given
� A user environment (e.g., urban with uniform distribution)
� A service request pattern (e.g., video+download with the respective QoS requirements)
� Dimension the cellular network for the considered technologies (e.g.,
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� Dimension the cellular network for the considered technologies (e.g., 3G and 4G), obtaining at least a number of BS per square km
� Use a model (simulation or analysis) to obtain energy consumption
The amount of (brown) energy used by the network technology under consideration to provide this service to those users, expressed in Joules, is called TTS(urban,video) energy consumption
� TREND
� Key questions
� How to estimate energy efficiency?
TREND Test Scenarios
OUTLINE
ETSI Workshop
Athens, October 7, 2013 24
� TREND Test Scenarios
� Conclusions
� Estimating the energy efficiency of a celluar
network is not trivial
� Comparing existing and future technologies is
challenging
Conclusions
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� The definition of test scenarios can help, but
requires a planning exercise
� Standardizing test scenarios is extremely
important
Thank you(you are invited to the final TREND workshop
ETSI Workshop
Athens, October 7, 2013
(you are invited to the final TREND workshop on Oct. 24 – see www.fp7-trend.eu/)
Marco Ajmone Marsan
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