Test Bank for Administering Medications 7th Edition
by Donna F.Gauwitz
Chapter 02 Principles of Drug Action
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following terms describes the passage of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream? A. Absorption B. Distribution C. Metabolism
D. Excretion11.
2. Which of the following terms describes the transportation of a drug from the
bloodstream to the body tissues and intended site of action? A. Absorption B. Distribution C. Metabolism D. Excretion
3. Which of the following terms describes a series of chemical reactions that inactivate a
drug by converting it into a water-soluble compound? A. Absorption B. Distribution C. Metabolism D. Excretion
2-1
4. Which of the following terms describes the body's way of removing the waste products of ordinary cell processes? A. Absorption B. Distribution C. Metabolism D. Excretion
5. Which of the following statements describes the action that antihistamines have on the
body? A. Slow the body's natural reactions to irritation B. Speed up the energy-producing functions of cells C. Destroy parts of cells D. Replace natural substances that the body lacks
6. Which of the following statements describes the action that stimulants have on the body? A. Slow the body's natural reactions to irritation B. Speed up the energy-producing functions of cells C. Destroy parts of cells D. Replace natural substances that the body lacks
7. Which of the following statements describe the action that insulin has on the body? A. Slow the body's natural reactions to irritation B. Speed up the energy-producing functions of cells C. Destroy parts of cells D. Replace natural substances that the body lacks
8. Which of the following statements describes the action that antibiotics have on the body? A. Slow the body's natural reactions to irritation B. Speed up the energy-producing functions of cells C. Destroy parts of cells D. Replace natural substances that the body lacks
2-2
9. Age, size, sex, and genetics are all factors
that: A. affect drug excretion. B. affect drug metabolism. C. affect drug action. D. affect drug distribution.
10. The route of administration, and the time of day that the drug is administered, diet, and
environmental conditions are all factors that: A. Affect drug excretion. B. Affect drug metabolism. C. Affect drug action. D. Affect drug distribution.
11. Which of the following statements describes how a health care worker can create a
positive attitude in patients who are undergoing medication therapy? A. Review, with the patient, the important reasons for taking the medication. B. Treat the patient in a cheerful and caring manner. C. Maintain your own positive, confident attitude. D. All answers are correct.
12. Which of the following describes the effect of a drug that is mainly limited to the
area where it is applied or enters the body? A. Side effect B. Local effect C. Systemic effect D. Therapeutic effect
13. Which of the following describes the effect of a drug that must travel through the
bloodstream to affect cells or tissues in various parts of the body? A. Side effect B. Local effect C. Systemic effect D. Therapeutic effect
2-3
14. Which of the following describes the desired effect of a drug, or the reason the drug
is administered? A. Side effect B.
Local effect C.
Systemic effect D. Therapeutic effect
15. Which of the following describes additional effects on the body that are not a part of the
goal of drug therapy? A. Side effects B.
Local effects C.
Systemic effects D. Therapeutic effects
16. Which of the following terms describes the interaction of two drugs to inhibit or
cancel each other's effect? A. Synergism
B. Potentiation
C. Antagonism
D. Idiosyncrasy
17. Which of the following terms describes a drug interaction in which the effect of two
drugs in combination is greater than the effect of each drug given separately? A. Synergism
B. Potentiation
C. Antagonism
D. Idiosyncrasy
18. Which of the following terms describes the drug interaction that occurs when two drugs are administered at the same time, and one drug increases the effect of the other? A. Synergism
B. Potentiation
C. Antagonism
D. Idiosyncrasy
2-4
19. Psychological drug dependence is: A. a drive or craving to take a drug to relieve discomfort. B. a physical need for the drug. C. the self-administration of a drug in chronically excessive quantities. D. a problem with people who take their own medications at home.
20. Physical drug dependence is: A. a drive or craving to take a drug to relieve discomfort. B. a physical need for the drug. C. the self-administration of a drug in chronically excessive quantities. D. a problem with people who take their own medications at home.
21. Withdrawal symptoms can occur as a result
of: A. physical drug dependence. B. psychological drug dependence.
C. drug misuse. D. drug side effects.
22. Which of the following are examples of drugs that are commonly abused?
A. Caffeine, nicotine, alcohol B. Barbiturates, depressants, stimulants
C. Anabolic steroids, sedatives, hypnotics
D. All answers are correct.
23. Which of the following statements describes the health care worker's responsibilities with
respect to the administration of drugs? A. The health care worker is expected to be aware of possible adverse drug reactions,
drug dependence, and the improper use of drugs. B. The health care worker must consult his supervisor when drug abuse is suspected.
C. The health care worker must keep medicines locked up when not in use. D. All answers are correct.
2-5
24. Which of the following is NOT one of the four processes that affect drug
action? A. Absorption B. Biotransformation
C. Distribution D. Potentiation
25. Which of the following describes why pain medications are prescribed?
B. For the systemic effect they provide C. For the side effects they provide D. For the cumulative effects they provide
26. The ability of a drug to cross the cell membrane and the rate at which it can do so affects
which of the following? A. Pharmacokinetics B. Tolerance C. Side effects D. Therapeutic effect
27. Which of the following is NOT a way that a drug interacts with the normal processes
carried on by body cells? A. The size and shape of drug molecules B. The ability of drugs to dissolve in water or fat C. The pH balance of drugs and cells D. The route of administration
28. How quickly and completely a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream affects which of the
following? A. Drug action B. Drug tolerance C. Drug toxicity D. Drug dependence
2-6
29. Which of the following routes of administration provides the fastest and most
dependable absorption of a drug? A. Oral B. Intramuscular
C. Buccal D. Intravenous
30. Which of the following is an example of a drug that is administered through the
sublingual route? A. Ibuprofen B. Nitroglycerin
C. Epinephrine
D. Meperidine
31. Bactrim is considered a long-lasting antibiotic for which of the following reasons?
B. Bactrim is absorbed very slowly C. Bactrim is prescribed for 7 to 10 days D. Bactrim resists biotransformation
32. Enzymes that break down a drug are involved in which of the following processes? A. Absorption B. Distribution C. Metabolism D. Excretion
33. In which of the following organs does most of the metabolism and detoxification of drugs
takes place? A. Kidneys B. Stomach C. Liver D. Colon
2-7
34. The chemical composition of a drug, the rate of metabolism, and how often a drug is
administered all effect which of the following? A. Absorption B.
Distribution C.
Detoxification D.
Excretion
35. An increased risk of toxicity from exposures to high doses of a drug is not associated
with which of the following patient types? A. Older adult
B. Pediatric C. Kidney disease
D. Pregnant
36. Which of the following are used to calculate proper adult dose?
B. Body mass index and percent of body fat C. Lean body mass and height D. Body surface area and muscle mass
37. Which of the following decreases the effects of Coumadin on blood clotting? A. Milk products B. Green leafy vegetables C. Mineral oil D. Antacids
38. Which of the following is an inactive substance that has no pharmacological effect but
can make a patient feel better? A. Placebo B. Palliative drug C. Legend drug D. Supplement
2-8
39. Which of the following will cause drugs that are taken orally to be absorbed
more quickly? A. Gastrointestinal tract free of food
B. Increased fluid intake C. Exercise D. Good oral hygiene
40. Which of the following can occur with older adults who see multiple doctors and
are prescribed multiple drugs? A. Drug toxicity B. Cumulative effect
C. Drug interactions
D. Drug tolerance
41. Which of the following is a side effect of aspirin therapy?
B. Constipation C. Rash D. Urine retention
42. When observing a patient's reaction to a drug that has been administered,
determine whether you are seeing the drug's therapeutic effect or a A. Side effect B. Systemic effect C. Drug effect D. Local effect
43. Edema of the pharynx and larynx, severe wheezing, and dyspnea are symptoms of
which of the following? A. Drug overdose B. Anaphylaxis C. Enzyme deficiency D. Drug toxicity
2-9
44. When a patient presents with an idiosyncratic response to a drug, which of the
following is the recommended treatment? A. Change medication B. If therapeutic, continue medication
C. Stop medication
45. Drugs such as opiates, nitrates, and barbiturates frequently produce which of
the following? A. Toxicity B. Potentiation
C. Tolerance
D. Synergism
46. Which of the following can be used to reverse overdose symptoms? A. Placebo B. Antidote C. Histamine D. Epi Pen
47. Patients who take sedatives are advised to avoid drinking alcohol to avoid the
possibility of which of the following? A. Antagonism B. Synergism C. Potentiation D. Toxicity
48. The process whereby antacids and iron supplements work against the absorption of
the antibiotic tetracycline is described by which of the following terms? A. Antagonism B. Synergism C. Potentiation D. Idiosyncrasy
2-10
49. Which of the following terms refers to the self-administration of a drug in
chronically excessive quantities, resulting in a psychological or physical dependence? A. Drug abuse B.
Drug overuse C.
Drug self-use D.
Drug tolerance
Essay Questions
50. State the four basic drug actions.
51. Name the four body processes that affect drug action.
52. Identify 10 factors influencing drug actions.
53. Differentiate between systemic and local drug effects.
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54. State the difference between the therapeutic effect and side effects.
55. Define synergism.
56. Define antagonism.
57. Define potentiation.
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58. Explain the difference between psychological and physical drug dependence.
59. List five commonly abused drugs.
60. State the health care worker's responsibilities with regard to adverse reactions of
drugs, dependence, and drug abuse.
Fill in the Blank Questions
61. Insulin is an example of a drug that is taken to ___________________a substance that the
body lacks. ________________________________________
2-13
62. Antibiotics are examples of drugs that _______________cells or parts of cells. ________________________________________
63. The energy-producing functions of cells are sped up by ____________________. ________________________________________
64. The body's natural reaction to irritation is ____________________by antihistamines. ________________________________________
65. The passage of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream is
called________________. ________________________________________
66. The transportation of a drug from the bloodstream to the body tissues and intended site of
action is called _________________. ________________________________________
67. The series of chemical reactions that inactivate a drug by converting it into a watersoluble
compound so that it can be excreted by the body is termed___________________. ________________________________________
68. The body's way of removing the waste products of ordinary cell processes is
termed__________________ ________________________________________
69. Smaller doses and different drugs are required in treating the young or the older adult. This is an example of how _____________is a factor that affects drug action. ________________________________________
2-14
70. To diminish the unpleasant effects of drugs secreted through saliva, the patient should be
educated to chew ______________or suck hard candy. ________________________________________
71. Combining certain drugs with certain foods can alter the drug's effects. This is an example
of the effect that a person's ___________has on drug action. ________________________________________
72. Because some drugs may harm the fetus, ______________________women must be
extremely careful about taking any medication, and must avoid taking medications
without first consulting their physician. ________________________________________
73. Each person's individual makeup causes slight differences in basic processes like
metabolism and excretion. This is an example of the effect that ______________has on
drug action. ________________________________________
74. Diseases of the liver and kidneys can have an important effect on the processing and
elimination of drugs. This is an example of how _________________________affect
drug action. ________________________________________
75. A patient's mental state is an important factor in the success or failure of drug therapy.
This is an example of the effect __________________________________have on drug
action. ________________________________________
2-15
76. A ______________________is an inactive substance that has no pharmacological effects
but may make a patient with a positive attitude "feel better." ________________________________________
77. As a member of the health care team, you can influence a patient's response to medication
by creating a _______________________attitude in the patient. ________________________________________
78. Drugs are absorbed, distributed, and metabolized differently when given by different _________________.
________________________________________
79. A drug will act most quickly when it is __________________into the bloodstream. ________________________________________
80. The route of administration resulting in the longest time for drugs to show their effects is
the _______________route. ________________________________________
81. When possible, drugs that make a patient sleepy are ordered to be taken at bedtime. This is an example of the effect ________________has on drug action. ________________________________________
82. Drugs that are taken orally are absorbed most quickly if the gastrointestinal tract is free of _______________.
________________________________________
83. When drugs collect in the body and produce an increased response, it is termed a ______________________effect of drug action.
2-16
________________________________________
84. When a patient is less responsive to a drug after repeated doses, it is termed drug__________________.
________________________________________
85. If a patient has a drug _________________, it must be clearly marked on the front of the
chart with a bright sticker. ________________________________________
86. Older adult patients often see several doctors who prescribe what is needed in a
patient's particular case. Multiple doctors and multiple drugs can lead to serious drug ____________________.
________________________________________
87. Heat relaxes the blood vessels and speeds up the circulation, so drugs act faster. This is an
example of the effect that _______________________conditions have on drug action. ________________________________________
88. The term drug __________________refers to the chemical changes the drug produces in
cells and tissues. ________________________________________
89. The combination of biological, physical, and psychological changes that takes place in
the body as a result of the drug action is termed the drug _________________. ________________________________________
90. The desired effect, or the reason a drug is administered, is termed the _____________________effect.
2-17
________________________________________
91. Additional effects that drugs have on the body that are not part of the goal of drug therapy are termed_______________________ effects. ________________________________________
92. Aspirin, taken orally, is beneficial for the treatment of arthritis, but tends to irritate the
lining of the stomach. This side effect is controlled by giving the drug with milk or ____________.
________________________________________
93. Some drugs mainly affect the area they enter, or are applied to, the body, for example, eye
drops and sunburn creams. This is an example of the ________________effects of drugs.
________________________________________
94. Pain medications that must travel through the bloodstream to affect cells or tissues in
other parts of the body are an example drugs given for their _____________________effects. ________________________________________
95. Occasionally, the body has an unexpected or dangerous response to a drug. These
unexpected conditions are called ___________________reactions. ________________________________________
96. A drug ______________is an abnormal response that occurs because a person has
developed antibodies against a particular drug. ________________________________________
97. ___________________is a substance released by injured cells that is responsible for the
symptoms usually seen in allergic reactions.
2-18
________________________________________
98. A substance, for example, a drug, that stimulates the production of antibodies and causes allergic reaction is termed an _________________. ________________________________________
99. An ______________________is a substance produced in the body that helps the body
fight off foreign invaders like microorganisms and antigens. ________________________________________
100. An extreme, possibly life-threatening, hypersensitivity reaction to a previously
encountered antigen is termed _____________________. ________________________________________
101. ______________________are abnormal or peculiar responses that people may have to
certain drugs. ________________________________________
102. Drug ___________________ is the need for an increasingly larger dose of a drug in
order to produce the same physiological and/or psychological effects. ________________________________________
103. When the body cannot metabolize and excrete one dose of a drug completely before
the next dose is given a ________________________effect occurs. ________________________________________
104. An __________________is a dose of a medication that is too large for a patient's age,
size, and/or physical condition. ________________________________________
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105. ___________________refers to the drug's ability to poison the body. ________________________________________
106. An ______________________is a drug that has an opposite effect and can reverse the
overdose symptoms. ________________________________________
107. When one drug modifies the action of another drug, it is termed a drug ________________________.
________________________________________
108. When two drugs administered together produce a more powerful response than the
effect of each drug given separately, it is called ___________________. ________________________________________
109. ____________________occurs when two drugs are administered at the same time,
and one drug increases the effect of the other drug. ________________________________________
110. A drug interaction in which two drugs inhibit or cancel each other's effect is called ____________________.
________________________________________
111. Drug ______________________is a strong psychological and/or physical need to take
a certain drug. ________________________________________
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112. When a person has a drive or a craving to take a certain drug for pleasure or to relieve
discomfort, they are experiencing ______________________drug dependence. ________________________________________
113. In _____________________drug dependence, the body grows so accustomed to the
drug that it needs it to function. ________________________________________
114. ___________________symptoms are a set of physical reactions that occur when a
person stops taking a drug on which they are physically dependent. ________________________________________
115. Drug ____________________refers to self-administration of a drug in chronically
excessive quantities, resulting in a psychological or physical dependence. ________________________________________
116. The overuse or careless use of any drug is termed drug ___________________. ________________________________________
2-21
Chapter 02 Principles of Drug Action
Key
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following terms describes the passage of a drug from the site of
administration into the bloodstream?
A. Absorption B. Distribution C. Metabolism
D. Excretion11.
The passage of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream is
called absorption.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-2
2. Which of the following terms describes the transportation of a drug from the
bloodstream to the body tissues and intended site of action?
A. Absorption B. Distribution C. Metabolism D. Excretion
After a drug is absorbed, the transportation of that drug from the bloodstream to the
body tissues and intended site of action is called distribution.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-2
3. 26) Which of the following terms describes a series of chemical reactions that
inactivate a drug by converting it into a water-soluble compound?
A. Absorption B. Distribution
2-22
(p. 24)
(p. 24)
(p.
C. Metabolism
D. Excretion
Metabolism is a series of chemical reactions that inactivate a drug by converting it into
a water-soluble compound.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-2
4. Which of the following terms describes the body's way of removing the
waste
products of ordinary cell processes?
A. Absorption B. Distribution C. Metabolism D. Excretion
Excretion is the body's way of removing the waste products of ordinary cell processes.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-2
5. (p. 24) Which of the following statements describes the action that antihistamines have on
the body?
A. Slow the body's natural reactions to irritation
B. Speed up the energy-producing functions of cells
C. Destroy parts of cells
D. Replace natural substances that the body lacks
Antihistamines slow the body's natural reactions to irritation.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-3
2-23
(p. 26)
(p.
6.
body?
A. Slow the body's natural reactions to irritation
B. Speed up the energy-producing functions of cells C. Destroy parts of cells D. Replace natural substances that the body lacks
Stimulants speed up the energy-producing functions of cells.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-3
7. Which of the following statements describe the action that insulin has on the
body?
A. Slow the body's natural reactions to irritation
B. Speed up the energy-producing functions of cells
C. Destroy parts of cells
D. Replace natural substances that the body lacks
Insulin is taken because the pancreas is unable to produce insulin to maintain normal blood
glucose levels.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-3
8. (p. 24) Which of the following statements describes the action that antibiotics have on
the body?
A. Slow the body's natural reactions to irritation
B. Speed up the energy-producing functions of cells
C. Destroy parts of cells
D. Replace natural substances that the body lacks
Antibiotics kill disease microorganisms.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy
(p. 24)
24) Which of the following statements describes the action that stimulants have on the
2-24
(p. Learning Outcome: 2-3
9. 28) Age, size, sex, and genetics are all factors that:
A. affect drug excretion.
B. affect drug metabolism. C. affect drug action. D. affect drug distribution.
Responses to drug action differ according to age, size, sex, and genetics.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
10. The route of administration, and the time of day that the drug is
administered, diet,
and environmental conditions are all factors that:
A. Affect drug excretion.
B. Affect drug metabolism. C. Affect drug action. D. Affect drug distribution.
The route of administration, and the time of day that the drug is administered, diet, and
environmental conditions all play a role in drug action.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
2-25
(p. 28)
(p.
11. 28) Which of the following statements describes how a health care worker can create a
positive attitude in patients who are undergoing medication therapy? A. Review, with the patient, the important reasons for taking the medication. B. Treat the patient in a cheerful and caring manner. C. Maintain your own positive, confident attitude. D. All answers are correct.
As a member of the health care team, you can do much to create a positive attitude in the
patient. One way is to review, with the patient, the important reasons for taking the
medication. Another, is to treat the patient in a cheerful and caring manner. Also, your
own positive, confident attitude toward the drugs you administer can influence the patient's
response to the medication.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
12. (p. 30) Which of the following describes the effect of a drug that is mainly limited to
the area where it is applied or enters the body? A. Side effect B. Local effect C. Systemic effect D. Therapeutic effect
Some drugs mainly affect the area where they enter, or are applied to, the body. These
drugs are given for their local effect.
Bloom's: Remember Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-4 Learning Outcome: 2-5
13. 30) Which of the following describes the effect of a drug that must travel through the
bloodstream to affect cells or tissues in various parts of the body? A. Side effect B. Local effect C. Systemic effect D. Therapeutic effect
2-26
(p.
Pain medications must travel through the bloodstream to affect cells or tissues in various
parts of the body. These types of drugs are given for their systemic effects.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-5
14. (p. 30) Which of the following describes the desired effect of a drug, or the reason the
drug is administered? A. Side effect B. Local effect C. Systemic effect D. Therapeutic effect
A drug is usually prescribed on the basis of its therapeutic effect. This is the desired effect,
or reason the drug is administered.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
15. 30) Which of the following describes additional effects on the body that are not a part of the goal of drug therapy? A. Side effects B. Local effects C. Systemic effects D. Therapeutic effects
Most drugs have additional effects on the body that are not part of the goal of drug therapy. These are called side effects.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
16. (p. 33) Which of the following terms describes the interaction of two drugs to inhibit
or cancel each other's effect?
2-27
(p.
A. Synergism B. Potentiation C. Antagonism D. Idiosyncrasy
Antagonism is the interaction of two drugs to inhibit or cancel each other's effect.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-7
17. (p. 33) Which of the following terms describes a drug interaction in which the effect of
two drugs in combination is greater than the effect of each drug given separately?
A. Synergism B. Potentiation C. Antagonism D. Idiosyncrasy
Synergism is a drug interaction in which the effect of two drugs in combination is greater
than the effect of each drug given separately.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-7
18. 33) Which of the following terms describes the drug interaction that occurs when two
drugs are administered at the same time, and one drug increases the effect of the other? A. Synergism B. Potentiation C. Antagonism D. Idiosyncrasy
Potentiation occurs when two drugs are administered at the same time, and one drug
increases the effect of the other.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-7
2-28
(p.
19. (p. 34) Psychological drug dependence is: A. a drive or craving to take a drug to relieve discomfort. B. a physical need for the drug. C. the self-administration of a drug in chronically excessive quantities. D. a problem with people who take their own medications at home.
In psychological dependence, a person has a drive or craving to take a drug for pleasure or to relieve discomfort.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-8
20. (p. 34) Physical drug dependence is: A. a drive or craving to take a drug to relieve discomfort.
B. a physical need for the drug. C. the self-administration of a drug in chronically excessive quantities. D. a problem with people who take their own medications at home.
In physical drug dependence, the body grows so accustomed to the drug that it needs it to
function.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-8
21. 34) Withdrawal symptoms can occur as a result of: A. physical drug dependence. B. psychological drug dependence. C. drug misuse. D. drug side effects.
In physical drug dependence, the body grows so accustomed to the drug that it needs it to function. When the drug is taken away, the person develops withdrawal symptoms.
2-29
(p.
Bloom's: Remember Learning Outcome: 2-8
22. Which of the following are examples of drugs that are commonly abused?
A. Caffeine, nicotine, alcohol
B. Barbiturates, depressants, stimulants
C. Anabolic steroids,
sedatives, hypnotics
D. All answers are correct.
The most commonly abused drugs are alcohol, nicotine, anabolic steroids,
barbiturates, sedatives, hypnotics, depressants, and stimulants.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-9
23. 35) Which of the following statements describes the health care worker's
responsibilities with respect to the administration of drugs?
A. The health care worker is expected to be aware of possible adverse drug reactions, drug dependence, and the improper use of drugs.
B. The health care worker must consult his supervisor when drug abuse is suspected.
C. The health care worker must keep medicines locked up when not in use.
D. All answers are correct.
In a case of suspected drug abuse, the health care worker's main responsibility is to consult
the nurse in charge. Health care workers must keep medicines locked up when not in use,
administer only prescribed medications, and watch for signs of drug dependence and the
improper use of drugs. As a person giving medications, health care workers are expected to
be aware of possible reactions and to notify their supervisor as soon as they notice any
signs of an adverse reaction.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-10
24. (p. 24) Which of the following is NOT one of the four processes that affect drug action?
2-30
(p. 34)
(p.
A. Absorption B. Biotransformation C. Distribution D. Potentiation
The four basic body processes that affect drug action are absorption,
distribution, metabolism/biotransformation, and excretion.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-3
25. 30) Which of the following describes why pain medications are prescribed?
A. For the local effect they provide
B. For the systemic effect they provide
C. For the side effects they provide
D. For the cumulative effects they provide
Pain medications must travel through the bloodstream to affect cells or tissues in various
parts of the body. These types of drugs are given for their systemic effects.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-5
26. The ability of a drug to cross the cell membrane and the rate at which it
can do so
affects which of the following?
A. Pharmacokinetics B. Tolerance C. Side effects D. Therapeutic effect
Pharmacokinetics is the study of a drug during absorption, distribution, metabolism and
excretion. The extent to which a drug completes the processes of absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion depends on its ability to cross the cell membrane and the rate at
which it can do so.
2-31
(p. 24)
(p.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-1
27. 24) Which of the following is NOT a way that a drug interacts with the normal
processes carried on by body cells? A. The size and shape of drug molecules B. The ability of drugs to dissolve in water or fat C. The pH balance of drugs and cells D. The route of administration
The way a drug interacts with the normal processes carried on by body cells is determined by
many things: the size and shape of the drug molecules, their ability to dissolve in water or fat,
the pH balance of drugs and cells, and the electrical charges of molecules.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-3
28. (p. 27) How quickly and completely a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream affects which
of the following? A. Drug action B. Drug tolerance C. Drug toxicity D. Drug dependence
Drug action depends on how quickly and completely a drug is absorbed.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
29. 29) Which of the following routes of administration provides the fastest and most
dependable absorption of a drug? A. Oral B. Intramuscular C. Buccal D. Intravenous
2-32
(p.
Intravenous drugs are administered directly into the bloodstream and have the fastest
and most dependable absorption.
Bloom's: Analyze Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
30. (p. 29) Which of the following is an example of a drug that is administered through
the sublingual route? A. Ibuprofen B. Nitroglycerin C. Epinephrine
D. Meperidine
An example of a drug that is administered using the sublingual route is Nitroglycerin.
Bloom's: Analyze Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
31. (p. 26) Bactrim is considered a long-lasting antibiotic for which of the following
reasons? A. Bactrim collects in drug reservoirs B. Bactrim is absorbed very slowly C. Bactrim is prescribed for 7 to 10 days D. Bactrim resists biotransformation
Some drugs tend to collect in certain organs or tissues, called drug reservoirs which cause
them to be released into the body more slowly. Bactrim is released slowly from tissues and
are therefore considered a long-lasting antibiotic.
Bloom's: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult Learning Outcome: 2-4
32. 24) Enzymes that break down a drug are involved in which of the following processes? A. Absorption B. Distribution
2-33
(p.
C. Metabolism D. Excretion
The process of metabolism occurs under the influence of enzymes which break down the
drug.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-2
33. In which of the following organs does most of the metabolism and
detoxification of
drugs takes place?
A. Kidneys B. Stomach C. Liver D. Colon
Most of the metabolism and detoxification of drugs takes place in the liver.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-3
34. The chemical composition of a drug, the rate of metabolism, and how often a
drug is
administered all effect which of the following?
A. Absorption B. Distribution C. Detoxification D. Excretion
The rate of excretion depends on the chemical composition of the drug, the rate of
metabolism, and how often the drug is administered.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-2
2-34
(p. 24)
(p. 24)
(p. 28)
35. An increased risk of toxicity from exposures to high doses of a drug is not associated
with which of the following patient types? A. Older adult
B. Pediatric C. Kidney disease
D. Pregnant
When a person is an older adult, is pediatric, or has kidney disease, there is an increased
risk of toxicity from exposures to high doses of a drug.
Bloom's: Analyze Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-4
36. (p. 28) Which of the following are used to calculate proper adult dose?
A. Age and body weight
B. Body mass index and percent of body fat C. Lean body mass and height D. Body surface area and muscle mass
The proper adult dose is calculated according to a specific formula based on age and body
weight.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-4
37. Which of the following decreases the effects of Coumadin on blood
clotting?
A. Milk products
B. Green leafy vegetables
C. Mineral oil
D. Antacids
Foods rich in vitamin K, such as green leafy vegetables, decrease the effects of Coumadin on
blood clotting.
2-35
(p. 28)
(p. 28)
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-4
38. Which of the following is an inactive substance that has no pharmacological effect
but can make a patient feel better? A. Placebo B. Palliative drug
C. Legend drug
D. Supplement
A patient with a positive attitude may feel better after taking a placebo, an inactive
substance that has no pharmacological effect.
Bloom's: Analyze Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-4
39. Which of the following will cause drugs that are taken orally to be
absorbed more
quickly?
A. Gastrointestinal tract free of food
B. Increased fluid intake
C. Exercise D. Good oral hygiene
Drugs taken orally are absorbed most quickly if the gastrointestinal tract is free of food.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-4
40. Which of the following can occur with older adults who see multiple doctors and are
prescribed multiple drugs? A. Drug toxicity B. Cumulative effect
C. Drug interactions
D. Drug tolerance
2-36
(p. 28)
(p. 28)
Drug combinations can be a problem for the older adult. They often see several doctors
who may be unaware of the medications other doctors have prescribed. Multiple doctors
and multiple drugs can lead to serious interactions.
Bloom's: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult Learning Outcome: 2-4
41. (p. 30) Which of the following is a side effect of aspirin therapy? A. Stomach irritation B. Constipation C. Rash D. Urine retention
Aspirin tends to irritate the lining of the stomach.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-6
2-37
(p.
42. 30) When observing a patient's reaction to a drug that has been administered, determine
whether you are seeing the drug's therapeutic effect or a
A. Side effect
B. Systemic effect C. Drug effect D. Local effect
When you give medications, consider whether the drug is given for a local or a systemic
effect. Then, while observing the patient's reaction, determine whether you are seeing
the drug's therapeutic effect or a side effect.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-6
43. Edema of the pharynx and larynx, severe wheezing, and dyspnea are
symptoms of
which of the following?
A. Drug overdose
B. Anaphylaxis C. Enzyme deficiency
D. Drug toxicity
Certain drugs may cause a systemic anaphylaxis characterized by constriction of the
bronchial muscle, edema of the pharynx and larynx, severe wheezing and dyspnea.
Bloom's: Analyze Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-5
44. (p. 35) When a patient presents with an idiosyncratic response to a drug, which of
the following is the recommended treatment?
A. Change medication
B. If therapeutic, continue medication
C. Stop medication
The treatment for the adverse effect idiosyncrasy is to stop medication.
2-38
(p. 30)
(p.
Bloom's: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult Learning Outcome: 2-10
45. 35) Drugs such as opiates, nitrates, and barbiturates frequently produce which of the
following?
A. Toxicity B. Potentiation C. Tolerance
D. Synergism
Drug tolerance is the need for increasingly larger doses of a drug to produce the same effects.
Drugs that frequently produce tolerance are opiates, nitrates, and barbiturates.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-9
46. Which of the following can be used to reverse overdose symptoms?
A. Placebo B. Antidote C. Histamine
D. Epi Pen
An antidote is a drug that has the opposite effect and can reverse the overdose symptoms.
Bloom's: Analyze Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-10
47. (p. 24) Patients who take sedatives are advised to avoid drinking alcohol to avoid
the possibility of which of the following?
A. Antagonism B. Synergism C. Potentiation
2-39
(p. 35)
(p.
D. Toxicity
Potentiation refers to the administration of two drugs at the same time wherein one drug
increases the effect of the other drug. Alcohol causes sedatives to have a much stronger,
possibly fatal, effect.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-2
48. 24) The process whereby antacids and iron supplements work against the absorption of the
antibiotic tetracycline is described by which of the following terms?
A. Antagonism B. Synergism C. Potentiation D. Idiosyncrasy
A drug interaction in which two drugs inhibit or cancel each other's effect is
called antagonism.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-2
49. Which of the following terms refers to the self-administration of a drug in
chronically
excessive quantities, resulting in a psychological or physical dependence?
A. Drug abuse
B. Drug overuse C. Drug self-use D. Drug tolerance
Drug abuse refers to self-administration of a drug in chronically excessive quantities
resulting in a psychological or physical dependence.
Bloom's: Analyze Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-8
2-40
(p. 31)
(p.
Essay Questions
50. (p. 24) State the four basic drug actions.
The four basic drug actions are depressing or stimulating cell function, destroying cells,
and replacing substances.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-2
51. 24) Name the four body processes that affect drug action.
The four body processes that affect drug action are absorption,
distribution, metabolism/biotransformation, and excretion.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-2
52. (p. 27) Identify 10 factors influencing drug actions.
Factors influencing drug actions are age, size, sex, genetics, physiological and pathological
conditions, and psychological factors. The route of administration, the time of day that the
drug is administered, the number and size of doses, diet, and environmental conditions also
play a role in drug action.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
53. (p. 30) Differentiate between systemic and local drug effects.
2-41
(p.
Some drugs mainly affect the area where they enter, or are applied to, the body. These drugs
are given for their local effects. Other drugs must travel through the bloodstream to affect
cells or tissues in various parts of the body. These types of drugs are given for their systemic
effects.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-5
54. 30) State the difference between the therapeutic effect and side effects.
A drug is usually prescribed on the basis of its therapeutic effect. This is the desired effect, or
the reason the drug is administered. However, most drugs have additional effects on the body
that are not part of the goal of drug therapy. These are called side effects.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
55. (p. 31) Define synergism.
Synergism is a drug interaction in which the effect of two drugs in combination is greater
than the effect of each drug given separately.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-7
56. (p. 31) Define antagonism.
Antagonism is the interaction of two drugs to inhibit or cancel each other's effect.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-7
2-42
(p.
57. (p. 31) Define potentiation.
Potentiation occurs when two drugs are administered at the same time, and one drug
increases the effect of the other.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-7
58. 34) Explain the difference between psychological and physical drug dependence.
In psychological or emotional drug dependence, a person has a drive or a craving to take a
certain drug for pleasure or to relieve discomfort. There are no physical symptoms if the drug
is taken away, but the person may feel anxious about not having the psychological crutch. In
physical drug dependence, the body grows so accustomed to the drug that it needs it to
function. When the drug is taken away, the person develops withdrawal symptoms involving
extreme physical discomfort.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-8
59. (p. 35) List five commonly abused drugs.
The most commonly abused drugs are alcohol, nicotine, anabolic steroids, barbiturates,
sedatives or hypnotics, depressants, marijuana, amphetamines, LSD, narcotics, opium,
and cocaine.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-9
60. (p. 35) State the health care worker's responsibilities with regard to adverse reactions of
drugs, dependence, and drug abuse.
As a person giving medications, health care workers are expected to be aware of possible
reactions and to notify their supervisor as soon as they notice any sign of an adverse reaction.
2-43
(p.
In a situation where drug abuse is suspected, their main responsibility is to consult the nurse
in charge. As health care workers, they must keep medicines locked up when not in use,
administer only prescribed medications, and watch for signs of drug dependence and
improper use of drugs.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-10
2-44
Fill in the Blank Questions
61. Insulin is an example of a drug that is taken to
___________________a
substance that the body lacks. replace
Drugs can be taken to replace natural substances that the body lacks because of an organ
malfunction or poor nutrition. Insulin is a drug taken, in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,
because the pancreas is unable to produce insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-3
62. (p. 24) Antibiotics are examples of drugs that _______________cells or parts of cells.
destroy
Some drugs destroy certain cells or parts of cells. For example, some antibiotics kill
disease microorganisms.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-2
63. (p. 24) The energy-producing functions of cells are sped up by
____________________. stimulants
Stimulants speed up the energy-producing functions of cells.
2-45
(p. 24)
(p.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-2
64. 24) The body's natural reaction to irritation is ____________________by
antihistamines. depressed
Antihistamines slow the body's natural reactions to irritation.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-2
65. (p. 24) The passage of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream is
called________________. absorption
Absorption is the passage of a substance into the bloodstream from the site of administration.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-2
66. The transportation of a drug from the bloodstream to the body
tissues and
intended site of action is called _________________. distribution
Distribution is the transport of drugs to body cells and spaces between cells.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-2
2-46
(p. 24)
(p.
67. 24) The series of chemical reactions that inactivate a drug by converting it into a
watersoluble compound so that it can be excreted by the body is
termed___________________. metabolism
Metabolism is a series of chemical reactions that inactivate a drug by converting it into
a water-soluble compound so that it can be excreted by the body.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-3
68. The body's way of removing the waste products of ordinary cell
processes is
termed__________________ excretion
Excretion is the removal of waste substances from the body.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-3
69. (p. 27) Smaller doses and different drugs are required in treating the young or the older
adult. This is an example of how _____________is a factor that affects drug action.
age
Responses to drug action differ according to age.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
2-47
(p. 24)
(p. 27)
70. To diminish the unpleasant effects of drugs secreted through saliva, the
patient should be educated to chew ______________or suck hard candy. gum
To diminish the unpleasant effects of drugs secreted through saliva, the patient should be
educated to chew gum or suck hard candy.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
71. Combining certain drugs with certain foods can alter the drug's
effects. This is
an example of the effect that a person's ___________has on drug action. diet
Diet is a factor that may cause differences in a person's response to a drug.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
72. (p. 27) Because some drugs may harm the fetus, ______________________women
must be extremely careful about taking any medication, and must avoid taking
medications without first consulting their physician. pregnant
Because some drugs may harm the fetus, pregnant women must be extremely careful about
taking any medication, and must avoid taking medications without first consulting their
physician.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
73. Each person's individual makeup causes slight differences in basic processes like metabolism and excretion. This is an example of the effect that
______________has on drug action. genetics
Responses to drug action differ according to genetics.
2-48
(p. 27)
(p. 27)
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
74. Diseases of the liver and kidneys can have an important effect on
the
processing and elimination of drugs. This is an example of how
_________________________affect drug action. pathological conditions
Disease can strongly affect how patients respond to drugs.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-4
75. A patient's mental state is an important factor in the success or
failure of drug
therapy. This is an example of the effect __________________________________have
on drug action. psychological factors
Responses to drug action differ according to psychological factors.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
76. A ______________________is an inactive substance that has no pharmacological
effects but may make a patient with a positive attitude "feel better." placebo
A placebo is an inactive substance that has no pharmacological effect.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
2-49
(p. 27)
(p. 27)
77. As a member of the health care team, you can influence a patient's
response to
medication by creating a _______________________attitude in the patient. positive
A patient with a positive attitude is likely to respond well to medication.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
78. Drugs are absorbed, distributed, and metabolized differently when
given by
different _________________. routes
The route of administration affects drug action.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-3
79. A drug will act most quickly when it is __________________into the
bloodstream. injected
A drug acts most quickly when injected into the bloodstream.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-3
2-50
(p. 24)
(p. 24)
(p. 27)
(p. 27)
(p.
80. 24) The route of administration resulting in the longest time for drugs to show
their effects is the _______________route. oral
Medications administered by mouth take the longest time to show their effects.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-3
81. When possible, drugs that make a patient sleepy are ordered to be
taken at
bedtime. This is an example of the effect ________________has on drug action. time
of administration
Care must be taken to give drugs at the time of day ordered by the physician.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
82. Drugs that are taken orally are absorbed most quickly if the
gastrointestinal
tract is free of _______________. food
Diet plays a role in drug action.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
2-51
(p. 27)
(p. 27)
(p. 30)
83. 30) When drugs collect in the body and produce an increased response, it is termed a
______________________effect of drug action. cumulative
A cumulative effect occurs when the body does not metabolize and excrete one dose of a
drug completely before the next dose is given.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
84. When a patient is less responsive to a drug after repeated doses, it
is
termed drug__________________. tolerance
Tolerance is the need for increasingly higher doses of a drug to produce the same physical and
psychological effects.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
85. If a patient has a drug _________________, it must be clearly
marked on
the front of the chart with a bright sticker. allergy
The chart of a patient with a drug allergy must be clearly marked. This is usually done on
the front of the chart with a bright sticker.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
2-52
(p. 30)
(p. 30)
(p.
86. Older adult patients often see several doctors who prescribe what is needed in
a patient's particular case. Multiple doctors and multiple drugs can lead to serious drug ____________________. interactions
Drug combinations can be a problem for older adults.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
87. (p. 29) Heat relaxes the blood vessels and speeds up the circulation, so drugs act
faster. This is an example of the effect that _______________________conditions
have on drug action. environmental
Extremes of weather affect the action of drugs because body functions are influenced by heat
and cold.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
88. The term drug __________________refers to the chemical
changes the
drug produces in cells and tissues. action
The action of a drug refers to a drug's chemical effects on body cells.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy
2-53
(p. 24)
(p. 30)
Learning Outcome: 2-2
89. 27) The combination of biological, physical, and psychological changes that
takes place in the body as a result of the drug action is termed the drug
_________________. effect
A drug's effect is defined as a physical or psychological change in a patient brought about by
a drug.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4
90. (p. 30) The desired effect, or the reason a drug is administered, is termed
the _____________________effect. therapeutic
A therapeutic effect is a desired or predicted physiological response caused by a drug.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
91. Additional effects that drugs have on the body that are not part of
the goal of
drug therapy are termed_______________________ effects. side
Side effects are desirable or undesirable effects of a drug apart from the primary purpose
for giving the drug.
Bloom's: Remember
2-54
(p. 30)
(p.
Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
92. Aspirin, taken orally, is beneficial for the treatment of arthritis, but tends to irritate the
lining of the stomach. This side effect is controlled by giving the drug with milk or ____________. food
Many side effects can be controlled by using special procedures.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
93. Some drugs mainly affect the area they enter, or are applied to, the
body, for
example, eye drops and sunburn creams. This is an example of the ________________effects of drugs. local
Local effect refers to having an effect in the immediate area of administration.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-5
94. (p. 30) Pain medications that must travel through the bloodstream to affect cells or
tissues in other parts of the body are an example drugs given for their
_____________________effects. systemic
Systemic effect refers to having an effect throughout the body.
2-55
(p. 30)
(p. 30)
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-5
2-56
(p. 30)
95. Occasionally, the body has an unexpected or dangerous response to a drug.
These unexpected conditions are called ___________________reactions. adverse
Adverse reactions are unintended and undesirable effects of a drug.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
96. A drug ______________is an abnormal response that occurs
because a
person has developed antibodies against a particular drug. allergy
An allergy is a reaction of the body cell to a foreign substance (antigen) to which it
has previously developed antibodies.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
97. ___________________is a substance released by injured cells
that is
responsible for the symptoms usually seen in allergic reactions. Histamine
Histamine is a substance released from injured cells during an allergic reaction that is
responsible for allergic symptoms.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy
2-57
(p. 30)
(p. 30)
(p. 30)
Learning Outcome: 2-6
98. A substance, for example, a drug, that stimulates the production of antibodies and
causes allergic reaction is termed an _________________. antigen
An antigen is a substance that stimulates production of antibodies and causes
allergic reactions.
Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
99. An ______________________is a substance produced in the
body that helps
the body fight off foreign invaders like microorganisms and antigens. antibody
An antibody is a substance produced in the body that helps the body fight off foreign invaders
like microorganisms and antigens.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
100. An extreme, possibly life-threatening, hypersensitivity reaction to
a
previously encountered antigen is termed _____________________.
anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that may be fatal.
2-58
(p. 30)
(p. 30)
(p. 30)
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
101. ______________________are abnormal or peculiar responses that people may
have to certain drugs. Idiosyncrasies
An idiosyncrasy is a peculiar, unusual, individual response to a drug.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-6
102. Drug ___________________ is the need for an increasingly larger
dose of a
drug in order to produce the same physiological and/or psychological effects. tolerance
Tolerance is the need for an increasingly larger dose of a drug to produce the same
physical and or psychological effect.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-6
103. When the body cannot metabolize and excrete one dose of a drug
completely
before the next dose is given a ________________________effect occurs. cumulative
A cumulative effect occurs when the body does not metabolize and excrete one dose of a
drug completely before the next dose is given.
2-59
(p. 30)
(p. 30)
(p. 30)
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-6
2-60
(p. 30)
104. An __________________is a dose of a medication that is too large for a
patient's age, size, and/or physical condition. overdose
An overdose is a drug dose that is too large for a person's age, size, or physical condition.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
105. (p. 30) ___________________refers to the drug's ability to poison the body. Toxicity
Toxicity refers to the poisonous effect of prolonged exposure to high doses or too-
frequent administration of a drug.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
106. An ______________________is a drug that has an opposite effect
and can
reverse the overdose symptoms. antidote
An antidote is a drug that has an opposite effect and can reverse the overdose symptoms.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
2-61
(p. 30)
(p.
107. When one drug modifies the action of another drug, it is termed a drug ________________________. interaction
Drug interactions occur when one drug modifies the action of another drug.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6
108. When two drugs administered together produce a more powerful
response than
the effect of each drug given separately, it is called ___________________. synergism
Synergism refers to a drug interaction in which the effect of two drugs in combination is greater than the effect of each drug given separately.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-7
109. ____________________occurs when two drugs are administered
at the same
time, and one drug increases the effect of the other drug. potentiation
Potentiation occurs when two drugs are administered at the same time, and one drug
increases the effect of the other.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-7
2-62
(p. 31)
(p. 31)
(p. 30)
110. 31) A drug interaction in which two drugs inhibit or cancel each other's effect is
called ____________________. antagonism
Antagonism is the interaction of two drugs to inhibit or cancel each other's effect.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-7
111. Drug ______________________is a strong psychological and/or
physical need
to take a certain drug. dependence
Dependence is a compulsion to continue taking a drug; it can be physical or psychological.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-8
112. (p. 34) When a person has a drive or a craving to take a certain drug for pleasure or to
relieve discomfort, they are experiencing ______________________drug dependence.
psychological
In psychological drug dependence, a person has a drive or a craving to take a certain drug
for pleasure or to relieve discomfort.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy
2-63
(p. 34)
(p.
Learning Outcome: 2-8
2-64
(p.
113. 34) In _____________________drug dependence, the body grows so accustomed to
the drug that it needs it to function. physical
In physical drug dependence, the body grows so accustomed to the drug that it needs it to
function.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-8
114. ___________________symptoms are a set of physical reactions
that occur
when a person stops taking a drug on which they are physically dependent. Withdrawal
In physical dependence, the body grows so accustomed to the drug that it needs it to function.
When the drug is taken away, the person develops withdrawal symptoms.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-8
115. Drug ____________________refers to self-administration of a
drug in
chronically excessive quantities, resulting in a psychological or physical
dependence. abuse
Drug abuse is defined as taking drugs for their mood-altering effects, or taking too
many drugs or too much of a drug.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy
2-65
(p. 34)
(p. 34)
(p.
Learning Outcome: 2-8
116. 34) The overuse or careless use of any drug is termed drug ___________________.
misuse
Drug misuse is the overuse or careless use of any drug.
Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-8
2-66
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