Tectonic Overview of the Verkhoyansk-Kolyma Orogenic Region
Andrei Prokopiev, Diamond and Precious Metal Geology Institute, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
Jaime Toro, Dept. of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, USA
The Moma Range, Eastern Yakutia, August 1998
U.S.-Russia Joint Workshop on the Plate Tectonic Evolution of NE Russia
STANFORD UNIVERSITY, DECEMBER 9-12, 2004
Outline• Review of the Verkhoyansk from N to S• Kular-Nera Slate Belt• Cratonal and Miogeoclinal Terranes
– Kolyma-Omolon, Okhotsk, Kotelnyi
• Island Arc Terranes and Ophiolites• Plutonic Belts• Paleomagnetic Review• Cenozoic Tectonics• Tectonic Reconstructions• Outstanding Problems
Geological map of the Verkhoyansk-Kolyma orogenic region
(after Tretiakov, 2004)
Middle Paleozoic grabens in the basement
(after Parfenov et al., 2001)
Main Tectonic Units of the Verkhoyansk-
Kolyma orogenic region
(after Parfenov et al., 2001)
Schematic Cross Section
Structural scheme
of the Verkhoyansk
fold-and-thrust belt
(after Prokopiev, 2001)
Verkhoyansk Ridge
Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust beltWest Verkhoyansk sector
Late Paleozoic - Early Mesozoic passive continental margin
(after Parfenov, 1991)
Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust belt
(after Prokopiev, 2001)
Olenek sector
Kharaulakh segment
Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust beltWest Verkhoyansk sector
(after Prokopiev, 1998)
Kuranakh segment
Orulgan segment
Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust beltWest Verkhoyansk sectorBaraya segment
(after Prokopiev, 1998)
Cross-section
Priverkhoyansk foreland basin
(after Prokopiev, 2001)
Mesozoic structural stage
Ust’-Vilyui gas condensate field
(after Gaiduk, Prokopiev, 1999)
(after Safronov et al., 2001)
Priverkhoyansk foreland basin
Three Lower Jurassic sandstone reservoirs (180 m total) interbedded with siltstones.
•Gas production – 2.5 million m3/day•Condensate fraction – 25 g/cm3
Main structures of the South-Verkhoyansk sector
of Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust belt
(after Prokopiev, 2001)
Geological cross-section across the central part of South Verkhoyansk
(unpublished data)
Fold and thrust (Belaya river)
Overlap and stitch assemblages Geochemical composition and age of granitoids
Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust beltSouth Verkhoyansk sector
40Ar/39Ar dating
119 to 123 Ma
Paleotectonic reconstructions
across the South Verkhoyansk
and the Okhotsk terrane
(Prokopiev, Toro et al., 2003)
(after Parfenov et al., 2001)
Kular-Nera slate belt
Strike-slip deformation
Kinematics of deformation in the Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust belt
(after Prokopiev, 1998)
150-130 Ma 130-70 Ma
Kolyma-Omolon Superterrane (microcontinent)
•Cratonal Terranes
•Miogeoclinal Terranes
•Oceanic Terranes
•Island Arc Terranes
•Accretionary Wedge Terrane
0 3 kм .
O kl2
O kl2
O kl2 O kl2
O kl2
O kl2
O kl2
O kl2O kl2
O vl2O vl2
O vl2
O vl2
O vl2
O vl2
O tr2
O tr2
O tr2
O tr2O tr2
O tr2
O tr2
O un1 O un1 O un1
O un1O un1
O un1
O un1
O un1
O un1
O sk1
O sk1
O sk1
O 2-3
O 2-3
O2-3
O 2-3
O2-3O2-3
O3
O3
O3
O 3
O 3
S1
S 1
S 1
S 1
S 1
S 1
S1-2
S1-2 S1-2
S1-2
D1-2
D1-2
D1-2D2-3
D2-3
D2-3
C 1
C 1
C 1 C 1
0 0
2000
1000
-2000 -2000
-4000-4000
-6000 -6000
A
N W S E
P Z 1 -2
PZ1 -2
S eim chan th rus tS ekdekun th rust
N alchan sutu re
0 4 8 км .
а
б
в
г
е
д
L1
= 5.5 км .
L2 = 12 км .L3 = 17 км .
A
B
S horten ing- 65%
`J r2
Jr 1Tr3
C -P
.а-е marcers for balance section; L1 , L2, L3 - amounts of horizontal displacement of individual sheets. Assemblages of Polousnenskii sinclinorium and Tostakhakh block: M iddle Jurassic (Jr 2), Low Jurassic (Jr1), Triassic (T), Perm ian-Carbonifererous (C-P); Carbonate and carbonate-terrigenous deposits of Selennyakh block: Low carboniferous (C 1), Middle-Upper Devonian (D2-3) , Low-M iddle Devonian (D 1-2), Silurian (S1-2 ); inach formation Low Silurian (S1in), Upper Ordovician (O3 ), Middle-Upper Ordovician (O2-3 ), Middle Ordovician: Kaluchan formation (O 2kl), Volchin formation (O2vl), Taryng-Uriakh formation (O 2tr), Upper Ordovician: Ungin formation (O1un), Sekdekun formation (O1sk); Greenshists-metamorphosed Paleozoic assemblages (PZ 1-2
Balanced (А ) and reconstructed (B ) sections o f w est part Selennyakh b lock
)
B
Uyandina ophiolite
G abbro -am ph ibo lite, m e tabas lt
U ltram a fite, serpentin ite m elange
A m ph ibo lite , am phibo le c rys ta lline sch ists (m e tabas ites ) (aP Z 1), tw o -m ica andpera lum unious schis ts (m etapelites)(sPZ1 )
Greenschists volcanogenic-terrigenous-carbonate assemblagesEarly ordovician (О1 ), Late ordovician(О2 )
Paleozoic carbonate and carbonate - terrigenous rocks
LateJurassic vo lcanogenic-terrigenous rocks
Early Cretaceous granitoids
Fig. . Geological cross-section of Uyandina ophiolites.
O2 O2O2
O2 O2O2 O2
O1
O1 O1O1
sPZ1 sPZ1 sPZ1 sPZ1aPZ1 aPZ1
S1 S1 O3 -S1O2 Jr 3 J 3
N W
SE
0
0
0
10 00
1 00 0
10 00
-10 00-10 00
Polym etamorphic assemblages
МII
IIМ
М
3
3 3
1
1
12
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
77
7
1 а
2 а
3 а
4 а
5 а
1 в
2 в
2 в
3 в
2
Т м
Э с
Уя
К л1
2
4 4
4
46
67
7
7
УяВ к
5
5
6
6
66
Уя
М г
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 0
11
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
1 7
1 8
1 40 0 0 '0
1 40 0 0 '0
1 41 0 0 '0
1 41 0 0 '0
1 42 0 0 '0
1 42 0 0 '0
6 82 0 '
06 82 0 '
0
6 84 0 '
0
6 84 0 '
0
6 86 0 '
0
23
A
Д
А
В
Structures of accretion deformations (after Oxman, 2000, 2002)
Structures of accretion deformations (after Oxman, 2000, 2002)
Omulevka miogeoclinal terraneOmulevka miogeoclinal terrane
(after Oxman, 2003, 2004)
Munilkan oceanic (ophiolite) terrane
P-T-t evolution ophiolites and metamorphic rocks
Omolon cratonal terraneOmolon cratonal terrane Stratigraphic columns
(after Tectonics, geodynamics and metallogeny ..., 2001)
Pri-Kolyma miogeoclinal terranePri-Kolyma miogeoclinal terrane
(after Tectonics, geodynamics and metallogeny ..., 2001)
Stratigraphic columns
Island Arc Terranes
•Alazeya
•Khetachan
•Oloy
Oloy Is. Arc TerraneOloy Is. Arc Terrane
(after Tectonics, geodynamics and metallogeny ..., 2001)
Alazeya Is. Arc Alazeya Is. Arc TerraneTerrane
(after Tectonics, geodynamics and metallogeny ..., 2001)
Polousnyy-Debin and Kenkel’da accretionary Polousnyy-Debin and Kenkel’da accretionary wedge terraneswedge terranes
(after Tectonics, geodynamics and metallogeny ..., 2001)
A – Pri-Kolyma, B - Beryozovka, C - Kenkel'da and Alazeya terranes
The Ilin’-Tas antilinoriumThe Ilin’-Tas antilinorium and Zyryanka basin and Zyryanka basin
(after Gaiduk, Prokopiev, 1999)
(after Layer et al., 2001 and unpublished data)
Results of 40Ar/39Ar dating of granitoids of Main and Northern batholith belts, transverse belts
OloyOloy magmatic arc
Uyandina - Yasachnaya magmatic arc
Paleomagnetic data
(after Nokleberg et al., 1998; Tectonics, geodynamics and metallogeny ..., 2001)
Uyandina and Irgichan pull-apart basins
The northern part of the Lower Aldan basin (after Tectonics, geodynamics and metallogeny ..., 2001)
Cenozoic tectonics
Paleotectonic reconstructions
(after Sengor and Natal’in, 1996)
Paleotectonic reconstructions
(after Parfenov, 2001)
L. Devonian to E. Carb. Carb. to E. Triassic L. Triassic to E. Jurassic
M.-L. Jurassic E. Cretaceous
Aptian to Campanian
Paleotectonic reconstructions
(after Bondarenko, 2004)
Outstanding Research Questionsin the Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust belt
• Late Proterozoic rift of North Asia Margin.– Siberia-Laurentia Connection?
• Mid-Paleozoic Rift– Conjugate margins links to outboard terranes– Verkhoyansk clastic wedge, stratigraphic links
to the Arctic– Control on Mesozoic Structures
• Origin of the Baraya Salient
• Priverkhoyansk foreland subsidence
Outstanding Research Questionsin the Verkhoyansk
• Mesozoic Shortening– Deep structure– Along-strike variation of structural style– Regional kinematics– Timing of deformation- thermochronology– Driving mechanisms for deformation:
• Collision/terrane accretion/subduction/strike-slip
– Origin of magmatic rocks– Role of strike-slip deformation– Tertiary-recent tectonics
Outstanding Problems
The available tectonic models of Northeast Asia are incomplete and contradict one another (Fujita, Newberry, 1982; Parfenov, Natal’in, 1986; Zonenshain et al., 1990; Bogdanov, Til’man, 1992; Sokolov, 1992; Parfenov, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996; Sengor, Natal’in, 1996; Nokleberg et al., 2000; Tectonics……, 2001).
• Kinematics of accretion
•Effect of inhomogeneity of the craton boundaries
•Relationship between the Pz and superposed Mz tectonic events
•Definition of subduction and collisional structures
The Growth of a Continent
Goal A Coherent Tectonic Model
Questions and Unsolved problemsQuestions and Unsolved problems
•Nature and age of paleo-oceanic basins east of the Siberian continent in the Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic (Oimyakon, South Anyui)
Tectonic Evolution
•Tectonic setting and age of Early Paleozoic arc complexes of the Alazeya upland.
•Nature and age of metamorphic complexes at the basement of the Omulevka and Prikolyma terranes.
•Problem of outlining an Early Paleozoic active continental margin along the eastern edge of the Siberian continent.
•Tectonic setting, age, and inner structure of ophiolites
Questions and Unsolved problemsQuestions and Unsolved problems
•Where is the accretionary wedge complex between the Verkhoyansk foldbelt and Kular-Nera terrane and the Kolyma-Omolon microcontinent?
•North collision with Kolyma-Omolon microcontinent
•South accretion along Okhotsk margin
Can we distinguish structures and magmatism due to these two synchronous processes?
Accretionary Tectonics
Questions and Unsolved problemsQuestions and Unsolved problems
Evolution of Sedimentary Basins
Setting and evolution of Late Pz and Mz basins surrounding the Kolyma-Omolon microcontinent
(Polousnyy, In’yali-Debin synclinoria, etc.).
Rift? Accretionary Prisms? Syn -collisional? Post-collisional?
Determination of source areas and links.
Links between basin evolution and tectonic/magmatic events
Sedimentological and geochemical characterization
Questions and Unsolved problemsQuestions and Unsolved problems
•Geodynamic setting of the Main and Northern Granite Belts?
Volcanic Arcs and Magmatic Belts
•Mantle plumes and their role in Late Mesozoic geodynamic events.
•Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic volcanism on passive and active continental margins.
•In what direction did the subduction zone dip between N. Asia and Kolyma-Omolon?
Questions and Unsolved problemsQuestions and Unsolved problems
•Recognition of Proterozoic and Mid-Paleozoic rift events in the Kolyma region
Role Extensional Tectonics
•Mechanisms for large-scale extension in the Indigirka belt.
•Are there metamorphic core complexes in the Okhotsk, Omolon, Omulevka and Prikolyma terranes?
•Origin of the Indigirka lowlands?
Thank you!Thank you!
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