Technology Development and Innovation: Role of Universities-An Indian Perspective
Rangan BanerjeeDept. of Energy Science and Engineering
IIT Bombay
Keynote address at the International Conference in Technology & Innovation Management, 10 -12 Oct, 2012, Nepal
Role of University
‘institutions that create opportunity not just for individuals, but also for states, regions, nations or industries by virtue of the economic impact of the knowledge and the educated men and women they produce ’
Charles Vest (2007)
Impact of Universities : US
25,800 active companies founded by MIT alumni
annual world sales $2 trillion (11th nation GDP)
MIT alumni 26% sales in state , 1 million jobs
(Robert and Easley, 2009)
Univ of California impact (ICF, 2003) -creating jobs, generating revenues, catalysing and supporting industry clusters, nurturing innovation and entrepreneurs
Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Goal 2 Achieve universal primary education
Goal 3 Promote gender equality and empower women
Goal 4 Reduce child mortality
Goal 5 Improve material health
Goal 6 Compact HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
Goal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability
Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for development
Millenium Development Goals
Source: UN millennium Project, 2005
Technology Development
UN task force- Science Technology and Development (2005) –’to meet the Millenium development goals effectively countries need to recognize the benefits from advances in science and technology and develop strategies to exploit and benefit from new knowledge’
Example : Kigali Institute of Science and Technology –1997- Rwanda - reconstruction
Innovation
‘the deliberate introduction of change to improve performance’ (Go8,2011)
President of India – declared 2010 as the decade of innovation and set up the National Innovation Council
‘thinking differently, creatively and insightfully to create solutions that have an impact in terms of social and economic value’ (Strategy Document, 2011, GOI)
Country Innovation
Capacity Index
Quality of
Scientific
Research
institutions
Company
spending R&D
University –
industry
research
collaboration
Availability of
scientists &
engineers
Govt.
procurement of
advanced
technology
Utility patents
(per million
pop.)
Value Rank Value Rank Value Rank Value Rank Value Rank Value Rank Value Rank
Brazil 3.8 31 4.1 42 3.8 30 4.2 38 3.8 91 3.9 52 0.9 60
China 4.7 15 4.3 38 4.2 23 4.5 29 4.6 33 4.4 16 2 46
India 3.6 35 4.5 34 3.7 33 3.8 50 4.9 21 3.5 78 0.9 59
Japan 5.8 1 5.5 11 5.9 1 5.1 16 5.8 2 4.1 32 352.9 2
Nepal 2.3 129 2.1 137 2.4 127 2.6 129 3.1 130 2.6 133 0.0 90
South
Korea
4.3 20 4.8 25 4.8 11 4.7 25 4.9 23 4.1 31 240.6 5
United
Kingdom
4.8 13 6.1 3 4.7 12 5.8 2 5.1 14 3.9 49 69.5 20
United
States
5.2 7 5.8 7 5.3 6 5.7 3 5.5 4 4.7 9 339.4 3
Leading
Country
Japan Israel Japan Switzerland Finland Qatar Taiwan, China
Global competiveness: Innovation Capacity Innovation Capacity Components Index
Source: WEF, 2012
Frugal Innovations- India
Source: Nesta, 2012
The Arch
IIT Bombay
Vision
To be the fountainhead of new ideas and of
innovation in technology and science
Established year-1958
Main Building
Schematic of interaction between IIT Bombay and Society
Schematic of interaction between IIT Bombay and Society
Student Output of IIT Bombay
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
19
62
19
63
1964
19
65
19
66
19
67
19
68
1969
19
70
19
71
19
72
19
73
1974
19
75
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
1993
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
1998
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
2003
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
2008
20
09
20
10
20
11
Tota
l Nu
mb
er
of
Stu
de
nts
Year
Total Degrees Awarded
Post Graduate Degrees
675
356
1115
1846
Internal Changes- Enablers
Responsive, flexible administration
Decentralisation of Decision making
Empowerment of functionaries-Deans, Heads, Principal Investigators
Budget allocations, financial autonomy –spending within limits
Enablers for Research
Online Processes and Online Purchase System
–Quick response, turnaround time
Recruitment, Project accounts, IP management
Central Facilities –maintenance fund, online registration, support for staff –user workshops
Research Infrastructure Fund- transparent internal funding mechanism
Catalysing inter-disciplinary research
Central Facility
Central Surface Analytical Facility (ESCA Lab.)
• PPMS Mini Liquid N2 facility
• Microcompounder and mini injection moulding
• High Performance Computing (HPC) facility
• Dielectric Broadband Spectrometer –
Cryo TEMEllipsometer
Scanning Probe Microscope
Confocal Microscope
Liquid N2 plant
Enhance access
Online user interfaces
Increase utilisation
Specialised Workshops
Centre for Excellence in Nanoelectronics
PowerAnser Laboratory
VLSI Research Consortium
ISRO – IITB Research Cell
National Mission on Education through Information and Technology
Centre for Excellence in Telecom (IITB – Tata Teleservices)
Geospatial Information Science and Engineering Lab
National Solar Thermal Research, Testing and Simulation Facility
Research Centres / Consortia: Examples
National Centre for Photovoltaic Research and Education (NCPRE)
National Centre for Aerospace Innovation and Research (NCAIR)
IGCAR – IITB Research Cell
Climate Change Research Centre
Healthcare Consortium
Proposed Centre of Excellence for Homeland Security
Water Research Initiative
Rural Development
Combustion
Research Centres / Consortia: Examples (Contd.)
Solar Thermal Power Plant
Schematic of 1 MW Solar Power Plant
Thermal Storage
Solar Field
Expansion Vessel
Heat Exchanger
Generator
Condenser
Turbine
PumpPump
Cooling Water Circuit
Water/ Steam Loop
ThermicOil Loop
CLFR Direct Steam
IITB-Solar Thermal Power Plant
Solar Fields under construction Foundation stone 10 January, 2010
PTC Field
Steam GenerationLFR Field
Heat Exchanger Turbine
Solar Thermal Power Plant
Schematic of the Solar Power Consortium
Solar Thermal Power Plant Simulator
Incentives- Awards
Research Excellence Awards:•Prof. S.C. Bhattacharya Excellence Award in Pure Sciences •Prof. H.H. Mathur Excellence Award in Applied Sciences
IRCC Awards:•IIT Bombay Research Paper award•IIT Bombay Review Paper award•IIT Bombay Young Investigator award•IIT Bombay Industrial Impact Award
Dr. P.K. Patwardhan Technology Development Award
Dr. P. K. Patwardhan Award
Dr. P. K. Patwardhan Award
Dr. P. K. Patwardhan Award
Dr. P. K. Patwardhan Award
IP/ Licensing
Liberal explicit revenue sharing 70:30 Inventors, Institute, Explicit IP policy
Institute bears IP protection cost
Panel of attorneys,Simplified processes- online
Pro-active – abstract search Masters thesis, pre-publication drafts
Licensing web site, advertisement, brochures
SINE- Technology Business Incubator
Trend of Patent filing at IIT Bombay
46
1
6
10
14
9
16
11 1210
1416
46
66
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
No
. o
f In
dia
n P
ate
nt
Ap
plicati
on
s F
iled
Year
Indian Patent Applications (1.1.97 to 31.12.11) : 241
Foreign patent applications : 64(US, Europe, Japan, Canada, Taiwan, Brazil, Gulf)
PCT applications : 56
Patents granted (lndian+ Foreign) : 69+3
IRCC Home > Technologies for Licensing > Advertisement
Ready access to technologies at IITB
Attracting students to research
Enthuse – first year students
Support student Technology development initiatives
Encourage learning by doing
Alumni funded labs – Umasruwala Innovation Centre, Wadhwani Electronics Lab
Student Technical Activities Body – lectures, workshops, projects, competitions, tech clubs
Students Initiative at IIT Bombay
SINE Companies-Products
Unmanned aerial system-NETRA
IdeaForge
Railway berth LED
Jugnoo Solar Home Light
Ctech Labs Pvt. Ltd.
GRAM++
Bhugol GIS Pvt. Ltd.
Aqua Crop Project
Agrocom (AAQUA)
Developing country universities-Challenges
Attracting quality students, faculty
Competing on global rankings – attracting international students, faculty
Changing the perception and the reality-building industry confidence
Negotiating fair deals for IP with industry
Fair two way international partnerships
Decide research thrust areas
Responsiveness to local needs
Shaping the innovation agenda
What is innovation for?
Who is innovation for?
Importance of Direction, Distribution and Diversity of innovation agenda (STEPS, 2010)
University - Catalytic role in supporting and building local and regional technology development and innovation ecosystems
End- Note
‘A university stands for humanism, for tolerance, for
progress, for adventure of ideas and for the search of
truth. It stands for the onward march of the human
race towards ever higher objectives. If the universities
discharge their duty adequately, then it is well with the
nation and the people’
Jawaharlal Nehru, First Prime Minister of India
Thank You
Email: [email protected]
References
Charles M. Vest, The American Research University from World War II to World Wide Web, University of California Press, Berkeley, 2007.
Philip G. Altbach: The Past, Present and Future of the Research University, in the Road to Academic Excellence, The making of world class Research Universities, World Bank, 2011, Washington D.C.
E.B. Roberts and C. Easley: Entrepreneurial Impact: The Role of MIT, February, 2009, Kaufmann Foundation,The Foundation of Entrepreneurship.
UN Millenium Project, 2005: Innovation: Applying Knowledge in Development. Task Force on Science, Technology and Innovation, UNDP, Earthscan, London.
KIST 2012: http://www.kist.ac.rw (last accessed on October 5, 2012).
ICF, 2003: ICF Consulting: California’s Future: It starts Here UC’s contributions to Economic Growth, Health and Culture, March 2003.
Go8, 2011: Role of Universities in the national innovation system, Discussion Paper, February 2011, The Group of Eight. www.go8.edu.au/university-staff/go8-policy-_and_-analysis/2011/role-of-universities-in-the-national-innovation-system (last accessed on October 5, 2012)
GOI, 2011: Creating a Roadmap for a Decade of Innovation Strategy Paper, March 2011, Office of Adviser to the Prime Minister, Public Information Infrastructure and Innovations, Government of India, New Delhi.
Global Competitiveness Report, World Economic Forum 2011-2012.
NESTA, 2012: Our Frugal Future: lessons from India’s Innovation System – K. Bound and I. Thornton, July 2012, London UK. Available online at: www.nesta.org.uk
Banerjee, R. and Muley, Vinayak P.: Engineering Education in India. New Delhi: Macmillan Publishers India Limited, 2009.
Directors Report IIT Bombay: Fiftieth Convocation. 18th August 2012. http://www.iitb.ac.in/Convo2012/conv.pdf (last accessed on October 8, 2012)
SINE: Society for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, IIT Bombay, www.sineiitb.org (last accessed on October 8, 2012)
Students' Technical Activities Body (STAB) of IIT Bombay, IIT Bombay, http://www.stab-iitb.org (last accessed on October 8, 2012)
Industrial Research & Consultancy Centre (IRCC), IIT Bombay – R&D Publications, http://www.ircc.iitb.ac.in/IRCC-Webpage/rnd/Publication.jsp (last accessed on October 8, 2012).
National Innovation Day Workshop, 2012: A one-day brainstorming workshop for Vice-Chancellors & Directors was organised by MHRD, UGC and IIT Bombay on March 1, 2012. http://www.ircc.iitb.ac.in/IRCC-Webpage/InnovationDayWorkshop/index.html (last accessed on October 8, 2012).
STEPS: Innovation, Sustainability, Development: A new Manifesto; Brighton, UK STEPS Centre, 2010.
Manchanda, 2008: 50 years of IIT-Bombay: IIT Bombay, Mumbai, 2008.
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