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Team Buckyballs
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Given the long time horizon for emerging technologies to mature, how can their development be facilitated?
Objective
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R & D Investments
Government R&D investment crucial…
Software industry in India… how did it grow?
Involvement of Government in physical infrastructure, policies and regulations
Other Sources and why…
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Technology Development
• Not in isolation
• Triple Helix engagement
Universities for basic research
R& D for Application research
Government involvement must for regulatory policies and public R & D investments
• Initial R & D Investments for Universities and Industries
• NASA / European Commission
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R & D Investments
Nodal Agency…
• Government, Industry, Universities & Society
• Government to take care of stakeholder interests
• Ethical, Societal and Regulatory requirements.. What & When
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Successful Examples
• Biotechnology
• Information Technology
• Missile Technology…. Abdul Kalam
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Sustainability
Definition Roop Mahajan likes…
Definition we like…
Replace “without damaging” by “enhancing”
Replace “without negative” by “positive”
Components… Socio-economic, Ethical, Environmental, Global
Scale… Global
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Emerging technologies
• Biotechnology
• Renewables… solar, bio-mass
• Nuclear fusion for energy sustainability
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Risks & Challenges
Risks
• Nanotoxicity
• Privacy
• Security
• Sustainability
Challenges
• Scalability & Usability
• Commercialization
• Nano-divide
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Nano-divide
• Geographical divide
• Knowledge ownership divide
• Economic divide
Efforts are on at a global level… to bridge the gap…?
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Life cycle analysis
Long term assessment of eco-efficiency potential
- Lower Emissions & Environmental effects (Coatings)
- Reduced Energy consumption (Automotive catalysts)
- Sustainability assessment
Comprehensive LCAs not possible as little is
known about health and environmental impact
Vision
– Micro devices – Creation of perfect materials – Improved performances – Conservation of expendable energy
Basically efficient use of resources
Path from Vision to Reality
Physics Material Science
Engg
Process Engineering
Commercialization in Industry
20 – 25 years
Reach at the grass root level
Govt funding
Industry Involvement
Industry Involvement
Tax subsidies Tax subsidies
Indirect Investment for the masses
Modalities
– Industries • Identification of applications • Product development • Commercialization of products
– Academics • Develop the knowledge base • Develop the human resource
– Government • Funding for fundamental research • Develop new departments/ research facilities/ human resource • Promote research in emerging technologies • Encouraging industries in terms of subsidies
Sustainability Definition….. Corrective Approach
Components…..Systems Approach Economic should include- Direct and Indirect Costs
Social should also include- Ethical
Scale of Sustainability
Think Globally…..Act Globally
Nanotechnology in sync with Sustainability
Efficient resource management
Definition of sustainability
Nanotechnology out of sync with Sustainability
New Materials- biodegradability?
Toxicity?
Control of Nanotechnology Systems?
Emerging Technologies-How to Identify Something Having Large Expectations Something which is not proven Initial Results Are Showing Promise of Large Potential Influence of which can be seen as quantum, Sustainable and Disruptive
Emerging Technologies-Importance of Monitoring and Developing Economy is looking for solutions Economy will invest to get the solutions First Mover advantage.
Emerging Technologies-Industry’s Interest To stay ahead of the competition
Emerging Technologies-Societal and Ethical Issues Health Issues Environment Issues Launch of Products before knowing the side effects Increased Divide between Rich and Poor Who will be the Guinea Pigs Intrusions in personal Domain
Emerging Technologies-Societal and Ethical Issues Academic Bodies in collaboration with Government and Industry should identify the issues All those who will be affected should be consulted and acomodated.
Emerging Technologies-Societal and Ethical Issues Academic Bodies in collaboration with Government and Industry should identify the issues All those who will be affected should be consulted and acomodated.
Discussions on NT Concerns Process for Sustainable Emerging Technology –
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Emerging Technologies - Bio Tech - Stem cells, Proteomics, Genomics -IT -Cognitive Sciences -eg Fusion Tech - NT Sustainable Economy dictates that first mover advantage is established. Emerging Technologies need monitoring at the Govt level (Eco Planning commission). S&T initiatives of a country to set up monitoring mechanism. Industry cannot be delinked. Ethical, security concerns Govt. to identify -based on sustainability issues
Social / Ethical Issues – Due Diligence, derisking Monitoring and regulatory policies comprising experts from all fields, NGOs, sociologists … to be in place simultaneously. Ref. eg. Restricted products sales – Chemically hazardous material restricBon, Skin Care projects, European REACH legislaBon, auto emission regulaBon, Montreal / Kyoto Protocol,
Impacts on adverse use‐ invisible vehicles/ reactors/ food contaminaBon/ ills of GM seeds, medical failures ….. are major concerns.
Facilita9on Govt to be criBcal player in forging r & d iniBaBves SePng aside appropriate funding.
Other funds from large industrial conglomerates
InternaBonal science and tech funding in line with UNDP, ABD WB,etc. S&T Grants.
Industry alone not sufficient
Power full know infrastructure‐ colleges, univ R &D could chip in by innovaBve finance models‐ eg Business Schools
Govt –R&D agencies to decided in colaboraBon with industry the selecBon and monitoring of emerging tech
Stake holders should be Ind leaders, financers, Knowl., nfra play, govt r & D establ
Many success examples in convenBonal tech fields Bio fuels, water management IT, alternate energy, solar, wind, space, geothermal,
Role of educa9on infrastructure Basic research aspect could be the major iniBaBve by edu bodies – beginning with syllabus course work ……….. to PhD
Important potenBal leads / discoveries to be taken up at naBonal / central body level for due diligence on economic, ethical & societal issues
Industry interven-onal ./coopera-on key to further development
Knowledge infrastructure Quad. helix model to be adopted – Edu inst, Govt, R & D bodies and large indl conglomerates.
Current posiBon of capital based economy to consider seriously knowledge based economy component shiY. As a dovetail
Take Aways
Emer. Tech to focus on solving human problems / requirements on resources, energy requirements, low energy consumpBon iniBaBve, RM ……..
ProtecBon from negaBve effects – misuse / terrorism, proxy war, unsuspecBng fallouts, other uncertainBes
Govt. Commissions , funded R&D , educaBonal insBtutes, Industry conglomerates to take up collecBvely in a holisBc approach. InternaBonal Understanding on ill effects, ethical issues , IPR, sharing fruits of benefits, sacrifices
Leading research work on affordability and human distress miBgaBon.
Discussions on NT Part II Sustaianability - ABUSE of Natural Resourses ?
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COMPONENTS Environment Health
Social Health (HD Index, Govt i.e peoples Desire and sensiBvity)
Economic Health ‐ GDP, ConsumpBon
MeeBng the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generaBon to meet their own needs.
We have loaned nature from our progeny
Sustainable
Industry/Technology Nature
Existance –Fauna Flora- Nat.Resourses
RISKS
1. Conflic9ng Interests – Govt/Regional Aspira9ons / AMtudes ‐ Power – War
2. Socio Ecconomic Imbalances
3. Ethical Aspects 4. Technological – Half Baked Tech / Secret experiments
1. What are emerging technologies? a. How can these be iden;fied? b. Is it important for an economy to monitor and develop emerging technologies? Why? c. Why should industry have an interest in emerging technologies?
• Not fully established but have an impact on overall Society at large.
• Informa;on Technology • Nano Technology • Bio Technology • Cogni;ve Science • To be iden;fied based on current needs and futuris;c needs,
solu;on to current problems or deficiencies in the current technologies.
2. What are the societal and ethical issues associated with some emerging technologies? a. How should these be considered: a priori or as they arise? Why? b. Who should iden;fy these issues? How? c. Which stakeholders should be consulted in determining these issues? How can these stakeholders be accommodated?
• Pros & Cons • Hazards, explosions • Terrorism
• Proac;ve as well as Address sponteneously through disaster management program
• All involved with government taking the major administra;ve role.
• Develop interac;on chains/ forums.
3. Given the long ;me horizon for emerging technologies to mature, how can their development be facilitated? a. Are government R&D investments crucial in this regard? Are there other sources? Why? b. Can industry develop emerging technologies independently of the other partners in the knowledge infrastructure? Should it? Explain. c. Who should the recipients of these ini;al R&D investments be? Why? d. Who should decide which emerging technology to invest in? Who should the stakeholders with input into the process be? Explain. e. Discuss some successful examples of such a process.
• Govt facilitates Basic Research & investment
• Industries address specific applica;ons through applied reasearch labs
• Industries benifi;ng to fund back to govt for basic research.
• Role of new enterpreneurs
4. What is the role of the educa;onal infrastructure in the development of emerging technologies? a. Does it go beyond offering coursework and degrees? Why?
• Qualita;ve Study – e.g. IIT Aluminai
• Low level educa;on – Development of Technicians • Need based courses • Awareness at school level
5. What are the components of the knowledge infrastructure? a. Do you agree with the triple helix model? Why? b. Are we now in a knowledge economy in which knowledge is arguably more important than the ownership of capital? Why?
• Triple Helix • Research Labs • Responsible Nodal agency for Desimina;on of info (Media
• Responsibility for handling ethical issues.
Discussions on NT Part II Sustaianability - ABUSE of Natural Resourses ?
Group – IV <snip>
participant identification removed
• COMPONENTS • Environment Health
• Social Health (HD Index, Govt i.e peoples Desire and sensi;vity)
• Economic Health ‐ GDP, Consump;on
• Mee;ng the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future genera;on to meet their own needs.
• We have loaned nature from our progeny
Sustainable
Industry/Technology Nature
Existance –Fauna Flora‐ Nat.Resourses
• RISKS
1. Conflic6ng Interests – Govt/Regional Aspira6ons / ACtudes ‐ Power – War
2. Socio Ecconomic Imbalances
3. Ethical Aspects 4. Technological – Half Baked Tech / Secret
experiments
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