TuberkuloseTuberculosis
StatistiekStatistics
• 3 Million people die world wide
• Mpumalanga – most drug resistant cases
• TB is one of the leading causes of deaths in SA
• HIV infection is the main single risk factor for TB
TB in die wêreld / TB in the world• 3 miljoen mense sterf
wêreldwyd per jaar• Mpumalanga – meeste
weerstandig teen behandeling
• TB een van die hoof oorsake van sterftes in SA
• Grootste risiko faktor is om MIV+ te wees
•
Algemene FeiteGeneral Facts
• TB is as an infectious disease• It can be a crippling and deadly
disease• Infections are rising in developed
and developing worlds• It is the leading cause of deaths
resulting from an infectious disease in the world
TB die feite / TB the facts• TB is ʼn hoogs aansteeklike siekte• Kan inhiberend en dodelik wees• Die aantal infeksies is besig om
wêreldwyd toe te neem• Is die hoof oorsaak van dood agv
ʼn aansteeklike siektes
• Also called Tuberculosis• Caused by tiny germs that enter
the lungs when you breathe them in
• TB germs are most commonly found in the lungs, but sometimes they can move to other parts of the body
• When you have TB disease of the lungs, you can spread it to other people
TB die feite / TB the facts• Word ook Tuberkulose
genoem• Veroorsaak deur patogene wat
in die longe ingeasem word• Meestal in die longe gevind,
maar kan na ander liggaamsdele beweeg
• Wanneer TB in jou longe is kan jy ander infekteer
Waar in die liggaam / Where in the body
Oorsake en VerspreidingCauses and Transmission
• Caused by a bacteria• Called = Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis)
Oorsake / Causes• Veroorsaak deur n bakteriee• Naam = Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M Tuberkulose)
• Direct transmission – indirect contact• When an infectious person coughs, sneezes, laughs, or sings• Prolonged contact needed for transmission • 10% of infected persons will develop TB disease
Verspreiding / Transmission• Direkte oordrag – indirekte kontak• Wanneer n geinfekteerde persoon hoes, nies, lag of sing• Verlengde kontak word vereis• 10% van geinfekteerde persone sal die siekte kry
How Are TB Germs Spread?
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TB word nie versprei deur / You can’t infect others when you
• Quick, casual contact - passing someone on the street
• Sharing utensils or food• Sharing cigarettes or drinking
containers• Exchanging saliva or other
body fluids• Shaking hands• Using public telephones
• Vinnige kontak – verby iemand in die straat te loop
• Eetgerei of kos te deel• Sigarette te deel• Uitruil van spoeg en
liggaamsvloeistowwe• Hande skud• Publieke telefone te gebruik
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Jy kan nie meer infekteer / You can’t infect anymore
• Received adequate treatment for 2-3 weeks
• Favourable clinical response to treatment
• 3 consecutive negative sputum smears results
• Effektiewe behandeling vir 2-3 weke gehad het
• Goed op die behandeling reageer
• 3 Sputumtoetse negatiewe resultate lewer
SimptomeSymptoms
• TB infection:– TB bacteria stay in your lungs, but they do not multiply or make
you sick– You cannot pass TB germs to others
• TB disease:– TB bacteria stay in your lungs or move to other parts of your
body, multiply, and make you sick– You can pass the TB germs to other people
Stadiums / Phases• TB Infeksie:
• Die bakteriee is in jou longe, maar versprei nie en jy het geen simptome
• Jy kan nie ander mense infekteer nie
• TB Siekte• Die bakteriee bly in die longe of versprei na ander liggaamsdele• Die bakteriee vermeerder, jy toon simptome• Jy kan ander begin infekteer
• Occurs when immune system cannot :– Keep bacilli contained – Bacilli begin to multiply rapidly– Person develops TB symptoms
Die siekte / The disease• Wanneer die immuunstelsel nie:
• Die bakteriee kan keer nie• Die bakteriee begin vermeerder
• Die persoon begin simptome toon
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Simptome van TB / TB Symptoms• Productive prolonged cough,
coughing up blood• Chest pain• Fever, chills and night sweats• Fatigue• Loss of appetite and weight
loss
• Aanhoudende hoes, bloed hoes
• Borspyne• Koors, en nagsweet• Moegheid• Aptytsverlies en gewigsverlies
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TB Fase 1 / TB Stage 1
• Stage 1:• easily cured• medication
on time and regularly
•Fase 1:•Maklik geneesbaar•Medikasie moet vroegtydig en gereeld geneem word
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TB Fase 2 / TB Stage 2
• Stage 2:• Dangerous• Severe coughing• Harder to treat
•Fase 2:•Gevaarlik•Ernstige en aanhoudende
hoes•Moeiliker om te genees
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TB Fase 3 / TB Stage 3
• Stage 3:• Extremely dangerous• Starts vomiting blood• Can’t be treated anymore• Leads to death
•Fase 3:• Baie gevaarlik• Begin bloed hoes• Kan nie meer behandel word• Eindig in die dood
BehandelingTreatment
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In die verlede / In the past
• No cure for TB• Was called
consumption• The disease was
endemic
•Geen behandeling van TB•Mense het dit
tering genoem•Die siekte was
endemies
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Vandag / Today
• Treatment is complex• Needs to be followed
strictly• Problematic because of
• HIV• Drug resistance
•Behandeling is baie kompleks•Moet getrou gevolg word•Bemoeilik deur:
• MIV• Weerstandigheid teen
medikasie
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TB Infeksies / TB Infections
• Lasts 4-9 months• Has to complete course• If not:
• TB disease• Drug resistance
•Duur 4 – 9 maande•Moet kursus voltooi• Indien nie:• TB siekte•Weerstandigheid teen
medikasie
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TB siekte / TB disease
• Lasts 6-9 months• Medication kills bacteria• Has to complete course
• Even tough no symptoms• Can be cured
•Duur 6-9 maande•Medikasie beveg die bakterieë•Moet kursus voltooi:• Al is daar geen simptome• Kan dan genees word
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DOB / DOT
• Direct Observation Therapy:• Health care worker watches
patient swallow each dose of medication
• Reduces relapse of TB disease and acquired drug resistance
• Direkte Observasie Behandeling:• Mediese praktisyn kyk dat
pasiënte hulle medikasie gereeld neem
• Verminder terugvalle en dwelmweerstandigheid
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Dwelmweerstandigheid / Drug Resistance
• When patients stop courses beforehand• Bacteria mutates• Medication does not work anymore
• Wanneer pasiënte kursusse te vroeg stop• Bakterieë muteer• Medikasie werk nie meer
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Waarom gebruik mense nie medikasie / Why don’t people use medication
• Stigma • Extensive duration of treatment• Adverse reactions to medications• Concerns of toxicity• Lack of knowledge about TB and its treatment
• Die stigma van TB• Die lang duur van behandeling• Newe-effekte van medikasie• Bang vir vergiftiging• Nie genoeg kennis oor TB
VoorkomingPrevention
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Hoe vatbaarheid / High susceptibility• Age, health issues, life
circumstances , where you work may put you at risk
• High-risk groups: • Seniors• Babies• Pregnant woman• HIV-positive or AIDS patients• People with diabetes, cancer
patients, organ transplant recipients people with kidney disease
• Malnourished individuals • People surrounded by
potential cases of TB
• Ouderdom, gesondheidskwessies, lewensomstandighede en selfs jou werksomstandighede kan jou risko verhoog
• Die volgende is hoe risiko groepe:• Senior burgers• Babas• Swanger vroue• MIV / Vigs lyers• Mense met diabetes, kanker,
niersiektes en kandidate vir orgaan oorplantings• Ondervoede mense• Mense wat deur TB lyers omring word
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Risiko gedrag / Risk behaviour
• Promiscuous behaviour - HIV• Unhealthy eating habits• Seditary life style• Drugabuse
• Losbandige gedrag - MIV• Ongesonde eetgewoontes• Sittende leefstyl• Substansmisbruik
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Vermindering van verspreiding / Decreasing transmission
• Patients should:• Cover mouth when coughing or
sneezing• Wear mask as instructed• Open windows to assure proper
ventilation• Do not go to work or school
until instructed by physician• Avoid public places• Limit visitors• Maintain home or hospital
isolation
• Pasiente moet:• Hulle monde bedek wanneer
hulle hoes of nies• Maskers dra• Vensters oopmaak• Nie na skool of werk gaan as
nog ander kan infekteer• Publieke plekke vermei• Nie baie besoekers ontvang• Geisoleer word in die hospitaal
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