Taxonomy of Plant Genetic Resources – An Interaction of Morphological, Molecular and Phytochemical Data
Ulrike Lohwasser Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK),
Gatersleben, Germany
AZ 372545
1. IPK Gatersleben
2. Examples: Parsley, Poppy, Thyme
3. Summary – Importance of Taxonomy
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petersilie
Taxonomy of Plant Genetic Resources –An Interaction of Morphological,
Molecular and Phytochemical Data
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)
Storage at -18 °C, 10% rH
Genebank Information System (GBIS)
http://gbis.ipk-gatersleben.de/gbis_i/
Reference collections
415,888 herbarium sheets
100,096 seeds & fruits
52,249 cereal spikes
The Genebank in Gatersleben
151,379 accessions
3,220 species
768 genera
Cereals and Grasses 65,87628,118
2,494wheat 769barley 23,673 771
Legumes 28,046 1,436beans (Phaseolus) 9,076 283peas 5,308 180
Vegetable 18,834 2,556tomatoes 3,689 90onions 3,203 1,421beet/Beta 2,316 180
Oil/Fibreplants 7,991 928rapeseed 2,481 134flax 2,326 104
Medicine/Spice Plants 8,278 1,476
Mutants 1,762 266
Forage crops 11,790 1,410forage grasses 10,464 1,115
Potatoes 6,124 2,991
Total 151,379 13,557
Cultivation/no of accessions
Inventory Total numberof acc.
rye 2,414 73
3 Questions:
• Is intraspecific taxonomy important and necessary?
• Are morphological data sufficient for intraspecific taxonomy?
• Do we get additional information for the taxonomy if we use molecular and/or phytochemical data?
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petersilie
1. IPK Gatersleben
2. Examples: Parsley, Poppy, Thyme
3. Summary – Importance of Taxonomy
Taxonomy of Plant Genetic Resources –An Interaction of Morphological, Molecular
and Phytochemical Data
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman (Apiaceae)Parsley
Already known from the ancientworld (only leaf parsley):Egypt: death cult, parsley wreaths for burialGreece: Symbol of happinessand festiveness, parsley crown(instead of laurel wreaths), but also as tromb decorationUse:• Leaf parsley used as vegetable and spices• Root parsley used as a spice for soups but also as vegetable
(known in Germany since 1500)• As diuretic, in the pharmacy Petroselini Radix, Petroselini
Fructus, but high adverse effects
Leaf parsleyPetroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman
convar. crispum
var. vulgare(Nois.) Danert
var. neapolitanicumDanert
var. crispum
Parsley (Leaf and Root Parsley)
Reference: Kulturpflanze 7, 1959
Root ParsleyPetroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman
convar. radicosum (Alef.) Danert
var. radicosum var. breve(Alef.) Danert
Reference: Kulturpflanze 7, 1959
Morphological Studies
Standardized Descriptor
• growth habit1 = prostrate 2 = semi-erect3 = erect • leaf curling1 = smooth, without curling2 = light curled3 = strong curled, crisp4 = lower surface turned to the top• type of leaflets1 = pinnatifid 2 = simply pinnate3 = bipinnate • length of the petiole (cm)• root swelling0 = absent 1 = present (root parsley)• root shape1 = undivided taproot2 = taproot with one or two secondary roots3 = with many secondary roots, highly branched• lignification0 = absent 1 = present
Api
ol
Inte
rnal
Sta
ndar
d
1,3,
8-M
enth
atrie
n
Dim
ethy
lsty
rol
Myr
istic
ine
(E)-
2hex
enal
Terp
inol
ene
β-M
yrce
ne
b-P
hella
ndre
neLi
mon
ene
Hex
analα
-Pin
ene
Analysis of the essential oil compounds
Phytochemical Studies
Gas chromatogram of one parsley accession
Neighbor Joining Tree (Nei & Li distance)
Curled leaf typesSmooth leaf typesRoot types (together with leaf types)
Molecular Studies(AFLP – amplified fragment length polymorphism)
D10165 DEUPET 076 CUB
PET 065 IRQPET 199 FRA
PET 040 LBYPET 067 GEO
D10171 DEUPET 025 DEU
PET 201 DEUPET 024 UNPET 060 ITAPET 075 ITAPET 031 ITA
PET 069 P07/801 PET 066 IRQ
PET 194 UNPET 171 BGRP07/791
P07/606 DEUPET 014 HUN
PET 010 CSKP07/794 MEX
P07/619 UNPET 161 UN
PET 165 UNPET 157 PET 195 ITA
PET 055 PET 187 ESP
PET 150 MARPET 151 PRT
PET 193 FRAPET 073 GEO
PET 192 FRAPET 175 BGR
PET 057 GEOPET 137 HRV
PET 125 ALBPET 105 GEO
PET 145 TUNPET 124 UN
PET 049 GEOPET 142 TUNPET 127 TUN
PET 037 ITAPET 041 SVK PET 212 SUN
PET 009 CSKPET 072 KAZ
PET 035 ITAPET 136 HRVPET 141 ITA
PET 104 CUBPET 074 ITA
P07/797 TUNPET 129 ALB
PET 095 ITAPET 015 BGR
PET 030 SVKPET 143 TUN
PET 003 ITAPET 045 ITA
PET 138 HRVPET 140 HRV PET 135 HRV
PET 189 ESP PET 169 BGR
PET 159 HRVPET 001 UN
PET 110 TUNPET 181 BGR
PET 027 DDRPET 160 HRV
PET 043 GEOPET 168 BGR
PET 144 PET 173 BGR
PET 044 ITAPET 068 ITAPET 134 HRVPET 177 BGR
PET 039 SVKPET 071 GEOPET 034 ROM
PET 174 BGRPET 023 SVK
PET 153 ITAPET 214 DEU
PET 102 TJKPET 036 ITAPET 006 CSK
PET 191 BGRPET 016 HUN
PET 021 UNPET 170 BGR
PET 132 ROMPET 167 BGR
PET 020 SUNPET 108 GEOPET 097 ITA
PET 131 ROMPET 128 TUN
PET 133 ALBPET 033 ITA
PET 004 CSKPET 178 BGRPET 012 CSK
PET 013 CSKPET 154 ITA
PET 139 HRVPET 155 ITA
P07/785 TUNPET 022 BGRPET 026 SVK
PET 008 UNPET 038 SVK
PET 063 ITAPET 126 ALB146TUN G172BGR G
PET 029 GEOPET 115SYR
PET 050 LBYPET 085 SUNPET 051 LBY
PET 116 SYRPET 070 ITA
PET 007 UNPET 220 DEU
PET 056 SUNP07/510
PET 061 GEOPET 032 UN PET 062 ITA
PET 103 GEOPET 042 GEOP07/800 ESPPET 064 ITA
PET 092 ITAPET 090 ITAPET 091 ITA
PET 018 BGRPET 077A SYR
PET 019 FRAPET 209 TUR
PET 081 SYRPET 077B SYRPET 079 SYR
PET 080 SYRPET 188 ESP
P07/788 UZBPET 028 SUNPET 099 GEO
PET 210 TURPET 216 UN
PET 215 AZEPET 048 GEOPET 087 GEOPET 109 ITA
P07/789PET 163 UN
PET 123 SYRPET 180 BGR
PET 162 UNPET 202 DEU
PET 113 SYRPET 120 SYR
PET 118 SYRPET 119 SYR
PET 122 SYRPET 114 SYRP07/802PET 117 SYRP07/793 ECU
PET 211 SUNPET 121 SYR
P07/792 BOLPET 047 GEOPET 183 ITA
PET 046 ITAPET 182 ITAPET 098 UN
PET 107 GEOP07/795 MEX
PET 149 ITAP07/796 MEXPET 198 ITA
PET 207 TURP07/787 P07/786
PET 053 GEOPET 054 GEOPET 106 GEO
PET 083 GEOPET 100 GEO
PET 084 GEOP07/790 JAM
PET 213 GEOPET 082 SYRPET 158 UNPET 179 BGRPET 176 BGR
PET 089 ITAPET 208 TUR
PET 017 GEOPET 094 GEO
PET 197 ITAPET 101 ITA
PET 148 ITAPET 184 ITA
PET 185 ITAPET 111 ITA
PET 196 ITAPET 088 GEO
PET 052 GEOPET 156 ITAPET 147 ITA
PET 217 DEU
ITAESP
ARG
UNITA
TUN
POL
BRA
ESP
ZIMARG
D10165 DEUPET 076 CUB
PET 065 IRQ PET 199 FRAPET 040 LBY
PET 067 GEOD10171 DEU
PET 025 DEUPET 201 DEU
PET 024 UNPET 060 ITAPET 075 ITA
PET 031 ITAPET 069 P07/801
PET 066 IRQPET 194 UNPET 171 BGRP07/791
P07/606 DEUPET 014 HUN
PET 010 CSKP07/794 MEX
P07/619 UNPET 161 UN
PET 165 UNPET 157 PET 195 ITA
PET 055 PET 187 ESPPET 150 MAR
PET 151 PRTPET 193 FRA
PET 073 GEOPET 192 FRA
PET 175 BGRPET 057 GEO
PET 137 HRVPET 125 ALB
PET 105 GEOPET 145 TUN
PET 124 UNPET 049 GEO
PET 142 TUNPET 127 TUNPET 037 ITA
PET 041 SVK PET 212 SUN
PET 009 CSKPET 072 KAZ
PET 035 ITAPET 136 HRV
PET 141 ITAPET 104 CUB
PET 074 ITAP07/797 TUN
PET 129 ALBPET 095 ITA
PET 015 BGRPET 030 SVK
PET 143 TUNPET 003 ITAPET 045 ITA
PET 138 HRVPET 140 HRV
PET 135 HRV PET 189 ESP
PET 169 BGRPET 159 HRV
PET 001 UNPET 110 TUN
PET 181 BGRPET 027 DDRPET 160 HRV
PET 043 GEOPET 168 BGR
PET 144 PET 173 BGR
PET 044 ITAPET 068 ITA
PET 134 HRVPET 177 BGR
PET 039 SVKPET 071 GEO
PET 034 ROMPET 174 BGR
PET 023 SVKPET 153 ITA
PET 214 DEUPET 102 TJK
PET 036 ITAPET 006 CSK
PET 191 BGRPET 016 HUN
PET 021 UNPET 170 BGRPET 132 ROM
PET 167 BGRPET 020 SUNPET 108 GEO
PET 097 ITAPET 131 ROM
PET 128 TUNPET 133 ALB
PET 033 ITAPET 004 CSK
PET 178 BGRPET 012 CSKPET 013 CSK
PET 154 ITAPET 139 HRVPET 155 ITA
P07/785 TUNPET 022 BGRPET 026 SVK
PET 008 UNPET 038 SVK
PET 063 ITAPET 126 ALB146TUN G
172BGR GPET 029 GEO
PET 115SYRPET 050 LBYPET 085 SUN
PET 051 LBYPET 116 SYR
PET 070 ITAPET 007 UN
PET 220 DEUPET 056 SUN
P07/510 PET 061 GEO
PET 032 UN PET 062 ITAPET 103 GEO
PET 042 GEOP07/800 ESP
PET 064 ITAPET 092 ITA
PET 090 ITAPET 091 ITA
PET 018 BGRPET 077A SYRPET 019 FRAPET 209 TUR
PET 081 SYRPET 077B SYRPET 079 SYR
PET 080 SYRPET 188 ESP
P07/788 UZBPET 028 SUNPET 099 GEO
PET 210 TURPET 216 UN
PET 215 AZEPET 048 GEOPET 087 GEOPET 109 ITA
P07/789PET 163 UN
PET 123 SYRPET 180 BGR
PET 162 UNPET 202 DEU
PET 113 SYRPET 120 SYR
PET 118 SYRPET 119 SYR
PET 122 SYRPET 114 SYRP07/802
PET 117 SYRP07/793 ECU
PET 211 SUNPET 121 SYR
P07/792 BOLPET 047 GEO
PET 183 ITAPET 046 ITAPET 182 ITA
PET 098 UNPET 107 GEO
P07/795 MEXPET 149 ITA
P07/796 MEXPET 198 ITAPET 207 TURP07/787
P07/786 PET 053 GEO
PET 054 GEOPET 106 GEOPET 083 GEO
PET 100 GEOPET 084 GEOP07/790 JAM
PET 213 GEOPET 082 SYRPET 158 UNPET 179 BGRPET 176 BGR
PET 089 ITAPET 208 TUR
PET 017 GEOPET 094 GEO
PET 197 ITAPET 101 ITA
PET 148 ITAPET 184 ITA
PET 185 ITAPET 111 ITA
PET 196 ITAPET 088 GEO
PET 052 GEOPET 156 ITAPET 147 ITA
PET 217 DEU
ITAESP
ARG
UNITA
TUN
POL
BRA
ESP
ZIMARG
< 4
< 8
< 12< 16
> 16
% Myrcene
Comparison with phytochemical data
D10165 DEUPET 076 CUB
PET 065 IRQPET 199 FRA
PET 040 LBYPET 067 GEO
D10171 DEUPET 025 DEU
PET 201 DEUPET 024 UN
PET 060 ITAPET 075 ITAPET 031 ITAPET 069
P07/801 PET 066 IRQ
PET 194 UNPET 171 BGRP07/791
P07/606 DEUPET 014 HUN
PET 010 CSKP07/794 MEX
P07/619 UNPET 161 UN
PET 165 UNPET 157 PET 195 ITA
PET 055 PET 187 ESP
PET 150 MARPET 151 PRT
PET 193 FRAPET 073 GEO
PET 192 FRAPET 175 BGR
PET 057 GEOPET 137 HRV
PET 125 ALBPET 105 GEO
PET 145 TUNPET 124 UN
PET 049 GEOPET 142 TUN
PET 127 TUNPET 037 ITA
PET 041 SVK PET 212 SUN
PET 009 CSKPET 072 KAZ
PET 035 ITAPET 136 HRV
PET 141 ITAPET 104 CUB
PET 074 ITAP07/797 TUN
PET 129 ALBPET 095 ITA
PET 015 BGRPET 030 SVK
PET 143 TUNPET 003 ITA
PET 045 ITAPET 138 HRV
PET 140 HRV PET 135 HRV
PET 189 ESP PET 169 BGRPET 159 HRVPET 001 UN
PET 110 TUNPET 181 BGR
PET 027 DDRPET 160 HRV
PET 043 GEOPET 168 BGR
PET 144 PET 173 BGR
PET 044 ITAPET 068 ITA
PET 134 HRVPET 177 BGR
PET 039 SVKPET 071 GEO
PET 034 ROMPET 174 BGR
PET 023 SVKPET 153 ITA
PET 214 DEUPET 102 TJK
PET 036 ITAPET 006 CSK
PET 191 BGRPET 016 HUN
PET 021 UNPET 170 BGR
PET 132 ROMPET 167 BGR
PET 020 SUNPET 108 GEO
PET 097 ITAPET 131 ROM
PET 128 TUNPET 133 ALB
PET 033 ITAPET 004 CSK
PET 178 BGRPET 012 CSK
PET 013 CSKPET 154 ITA
PET 139 HRVPET 155 ITA
P07/785 TUNPET 022 BGR
PET 026 SVKPET 008 UNPET 038 SVK
PET 063 ITAPET 126 ALB146TUN G
172BGR GPET 029 GEO
PET 115SYRPET 050 LBYPET 085 SUN
PET 051 LBYPET 116 SYR
PET 070 ITAPET 007 UN
PET 220 DEUPET 056 SUN
P07/510 PET 061 GEO
PET 032 UNPET 062 ITA
PET 103 GEOPET 042 GEO
P07/800 ESPPET 064 ITAPET 092 ITA
PET 090 ITAPET 091 ITA
PET 018 BGRPET 077A SYR
PET 019 FRAPET 209 TUR
PET 081 SYRPET 077B SYRPET 079 SYR
PET 080 SYRPET 188 ESP
P07/788 UZBPET 028 SUNPET 099 GEO
PET 210 TURPET 216 UN
PET 215 AZEPET 048 GEOPET 087 GEOPET 109 ITA
P07/789PET 163 UN
PET 123 SYRPET 180 BGRPET 162 UN
PET 202 DEUPET 113 SYR
PET 120 SYRPET 118 SYR
PET 119 SYR PET 122 SYR
PET 114 SYRP07/802
PET 117 SYRP07/793 ECU
PET 211 SUNPET 121 SYR
P07/792 BOLPET 047 GEOPET 183 ITA
PET 046 ITAPET 182 ITA
PET 098 UNPET 107 GEO
P07/795 MEX PET 149 ITAP07/796 MEX
PET 198 ITAPET 207 TUR
P07/787 P07/786
PET 053 GEOPET 054 GEO
PET 106 GEOPET 083 GEO
PET 100 GEOPET 084 GEOP07/790 JAM
PET 213 GEOPET 082 SYR
PET 158 UNPET 179 BGR
PET 176 BGRPET 089 ITAPET 208 TUR
PET 017 GEOPET 094 GEO
PET 197 ITAPET 101 ITAPET 148 ITA
PET 184 ITAPET 185 ITA
PET 111 ITAPET 196 ITA
PET 088 GEOPET 052 GEO
PET 156 ITAPET 147 ITAPET 217 DEU
ITAESP
ARG
UNITA
TUN
POL
BRA
ESP
ZIMARG
D10165 DEUPET 076 CUB
PET 065 IRQPET 199 FRA
PET 040 LBYPET 067 GEO
D10171 DEUPET 025 DEU
PET 201 DEUPET 024 UN
PET 060 ITAPET 075 ITAPET 031 ITAPET 069
P07/801 PET 066 IRQ
PET 194 UNPET 171 BGRP07/791
P07/606 DEUPET 014 HUN
PET 010 CSKP07/794 MEX
P07/619 UNPET 161 UN
PET 165 UNPET 157 PET 195 ITA
PET 055 PET 187 ESP
PET 150 MARPET 151 PRT
PET 193 FRAPET 073 GEO
PET 192 FRAPET 175 BGR
PET 057 GEOPET 137 HRV
PET 125 ALBPET 105 GEO
PET 145 TUNPET 124 UN
PET 049 GEOPET 142 TUN
PET 127 TUNPET 037 ITA
PET 041 SVK PET 212 SUN
PET 009 CSKPET 072 KAZ
PET 035 ITAPET 136 HRV
PET 141 ITAPET 104 CUB
PET 074 ITAP07/797 TUN
PET 129 ALBPET 095 ITA
PET 015 BGRPET 030 SVK
PET 143 TUNPET 003 ITA
PET 045 ITAPET 138 HRV
PET 140 HRV PET 135 HRV
PET 189 ESP PET 169 BGRPET 159 HRVPET 001 UN
PET 110 TUNPET 181 BGR
PET 027 DDRPET 160 HRV
PET 043 GEOPET 168 BGR
PET 144 PET 173 BGR
PET 044 ITAPET 068 ITA
PET 134 HRVPET 177 BGR
PET 039 SVKPET 071 GEO
PET 034 ROMPET 174 BGR
PET 023 SVKPET 153 ITA
PET 214 DEUPET 102 TJK
PET 036 ITAPET 006 CSK
PET 191 BGRPET 016 HUN
PET 021 UNPET 170 BGR
PET 132 ROMPET 167 BGR
PET 020 SUNPET 108 GEO
PET 097 ITAPET 131 ROM
PET 128 TUNPET 133 ALB
PET 033 ITAPET 004 CSK
PET 178 BGRPET 012 CSK
PET 013 CSKPET 154 ITA
PET 139 HRVPET 155 ITA
P07/785 TUNPET 022 BGR
PET 026 SVKPET 008 UNPET 038 SVK
PET 063 ITAPET 126 ALB146TUN G
172BGR GPET 029 GEO
PET 115SYRPET 050 LBYPET 085 SUN
PET 051 LBYPET 116 SYR
PET 070 ITAPET 007 UN
PET 220 DEUPET 056 SUN
P07/510 PET 061 GEO
PET 032 UNPET 062 ITA
PET 103 GEOPET 042 GEO
P07/800 ESPPET 064 ITAPET 092 ITA
PET 090 ITAPET 091 ITA
PET 018 BGRPET 077A SYR
PET 019 FRAPET 209 TUR
PET 081 SYRPET 077B SYRPET 079 SYR
PET 080 SYRPET 188 ESP
P07/788 UZBPET 028 SUNPET 099 GEO
PET 210 TURPET 216 UN
PET 215 AZEPET 048 GEOPET 087 GEOPET 109 ITA
P07/789PET 163 UN
PET 123 SYRPET 180 BGRPET 162 UN
PET 202 DEUPET 113 SYR
PET 120 SYRPET 118 SYR
PET 119 SYR PET 122 SYR
PET 114 SYRP07/802
PET 117 SYRP07/793 ECU
PET 211 SUNPET 121 SYR
P07/792 BOLPET 047 GEOPET 183 ITA
PET 046 ITAPET 182 ITA
PET 098 UNPET 107 GEO
P07/795 MEX PET 149 ITAP07/796 MEX
PET 198 ITAPET 207 TUR
P07/787 P07/786
PET 053 GEOPET 054 GEO
PET 106 GEOPET 083 GEO
PET 100 GEOPET 084 GEOP07/790 JAM
PET 213 GEOPET 082 SYR
PET 158 UNPET 179 BGR
PET 176 BGRPET 089 ITAPET 208 TUR
PET 017 GEOPET 094 GEO
PET 197 ITAPET 101 ITAPET 148 ITA
PET 184 ITAPET 185 ITA
PET 111 ITAPET 196 ITA
PET 088 GEOPET 052 GEO
PET 156 ITAPET 147 ITAPET 217 DEU
ITAESP
ARG
UNITA
TUN
POL
BRA
ESP
ZIMARG
< 5
< 10
< 15< 20
> 20
% β-Phellandrene
Comparison with phytochemical data
Results of Parsley
• Morphological, phytochemical and molecular data fit together.
• They are useful for an intraspecific taxonomical classification.
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petersilie
1. IPK Gatersleben
2. Examples: Parsley, Poppy, Thyme
3. Summary – Importance of Taxonomy
Taxonomy of Plant Genetic Resources –An Interaction of Morphological, Molecular
and Phytochemical Data
• Cultivated since the Neolithic- fossil records in stilt houses- origin probably in Southern Europe
• Usage of opium poppy:- opiates- poppy seeds, oil- ornamentals- vegetable
• In Germany cultivation of opium poppyis forbidden or needs special permit
Papaver somniferum L. (Papaveraceae)Opium Poppy
Differentiation: » 3 subspecies (somniferum, songaricum, setigerum)» 4 convarieties» 52 varieties
Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)
Papaver somniferum L. subsp. songaricum Basil. convar. rothmaleri K.Hammer var. rubricundum Vess.
Papaver somniferum L. subsp. somniferumconvar. alefeldii K.Hammer var. rutilum Danert
Reference: Kulturpflanze 6, 1958
Taxonomical classification based on morphological characters - shape of stigma lobes- colour of flowers and seeds- capsules
(dehiscence)
subsp. songaricum
subsp. somniferum
hairiness of pedicel shape of outer petals flower diameter 1 glabrous 1 obovate in cm2 setose 2 round (3 measurements)
3 reniform4 laciniated5 andropetalous
flower colour basal mark colour basal mark1 white 0 absent 1 white2 red 1 present 2 red3 light violet 3 violet4 red-violet to violet 4 dark violet5 pink
Morphological Studies
Standardized Descriptor (Part)
20062007
AU
0,00
0,05
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
0,30
Minuten
8,00 10,00 12,00 14,00 16,00 18,00 20,00 22,00 24,00 26,00 28,00 30,00 32,00 34,00 36,00 38,00 40,00 42,00 44,00
Mor
phin
e
Code
ine
Theb
aine
Papa
verin
e Nos
capi
ne3 samples of one accessionstandard - black
HPLC-chromatogram of one poppy accession
Phytochemical Studies
Analysis of the five main alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, and noscapine)
related Papaver speciessubsp. setigerum
subsp. songaricum
subsp. somniferumand songaricum
Paup* 4.0b10Swofford (2002)
Phylogram
Molecular Studies (AFLP – amplified fragment lengthpolymorphism)
71H800RO
848aFIN848bFIN
89P683I
674E756A
67CS712SU
176RO758I
288SV398SV
173D380SV
623CS556NL
635CS636CS
870aA870bA
874aA874bA
861aA861bA
893aA893biA
893biiA713iA713iiA
875aA875bA
895aA895bA
868aA868bA
445SV446SV
884aA884bA
524SV430SV
741RO787RO
536SV500I
660I396SV
325SV530SV345SU
702SU863aA
863bA518B
715B479PL
834aD834bD
739I663SV770RO
808RO814RO
578SV298SV526SV
819RO681A
714PL764NK
765NK768NK
766NK767NK
452GB608CS662I
576SV830biHR830biiHR
830aHR487AH
823aRO823bRO
842aD733VN773DK
M87
8M
878
M88
2M
882
M86
9M
869
M90
1M
901
M90
1M
721
M88
3M
883
M90
3M
903
M87
6M
876
M45
3M
454
M89
2M
892
M53
2M
438
M74
9M
795
M54
4M
508
M66
8M
404
M33
3M
538
M35
3M
710
M87
1M
871
ThebaineCodeine
PapaverineNoscapine
Morphine
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
alka
loid
con
tent
in µ
g/g
DM
accessions
Results of Poppy• Morphological, phytochemical and molecular data fit not together.
• They are not useful for an intraspecific taxonomical classification, but very important as additional information.
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petersilie
1. IPK Gatersleben
2. Examples: Parsley, Poppy, Thyme
3. Summary – Importance of Taxonomy
Taxonomy of Plant Genetic Resources –An Interaction of Morphological, Molecular
and Phytochemical Data
Summary – Importance of Taxonomy
• Is intraspecific taxonomy important and necessary?
YES, if possible and reasonable• Are morphological data sufficient for intraspecific taxonomy?
NOT ALWAYS• Do we get additional information for the taxonomy if we use molecular and/or phytochemical data?
NOT ALWAYS
• Morphological, phytochemical and molecular datanecessary for characterising and evaluating largecollections• Essential for identification and documentation ofthe diversity of genebank material
and• In some cases helpful for intraspecific taxonomy
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Holger BudahnEdelgard HobergHans KrügerFrank MartheOtto SchraderTobias StruckmeyerDetlef Ulrich
Andreas BörnerMyriam Declercq Anke DittbrennerRenate Kurch
Julius Kühn Institute, Quedlinburg
IPK Gatersleben,Genebank Dept.
Martin Luther University,Halle-Wittenberg
Jette SchimmelJörg Degenhardt
Thank you for your attention
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