Task-Based Learning (TBL)Prepared by:

Edward Almazan; Jesseca Ancheta; Melvilyn Decano; Jestoni Grande

What is a task?

------ Jane Willis

A task is an activity "where thetarget language is used by the learner for a communicativepurpose (goal) in order to achieve an outcome.“

Types of tasks

1. Listing

brainstormingfact-finding

Outcome:

Completed list or draft mind map.

Types of tasks…

2. Ordering and sorting

sequencingrankingcategorizingClassifying

Outcome:

Set of information ordered and

sorted according to specified criteria

Types of tasks…

3. Comparing

matchingfinding similaritiesfinding differences

Outcome:Could be items appropriately matched orassembled, or the identification of similaritiesand/or differences.

Types of tasks…

4. Problem solving

analyzing real situationsanalyzing hypothetical situationsreasoningdecision making

Outcome:Solutions to the problem, which can then be evaluated.

Types of tasks…

5. Sharing personal experiences

narratingdescribingexploring and explainingattitudes, opinions, reactions

Outcome:Largely social.

6. Creative Tasks

brainstormingfact-findingordering and sortingcomparingproblem solving and many others

Outcome:End product which can be appreciated by a wider audience.

Types of tasks…

Some Characteristics of Tasks

•Tasks are activities in which students work purposefully towards an objective.

• The objective may be one that they have set for themselves or one which has been set by the teacher.

•Tasks may be carried out individually or (more often) in groups.

Some Characteristics of Tasks...

•Tasks may be carried out in competition with others or (more often) in collaboration.

•The outcome may be something concrete (e.g. a report or presentation) or something intangible (e.g. agreement or the solution to a problem).

TBA provides a structured framework for both instruction and assessment.

PRE-TASK

TASKPREPARATION

TASKREALISATION

POST-TASK

Task-Based Methodology Framework

Introduction to the topic and task, and brainstorming

were done here.

In this stage, preparation to the given task takes placed.

It is where the task was being performed.

Feedback, reflection, and evaluation take placed in

this stage.

Principles Behind TBL

Classwork is organized as a sequence of task;

Tasks generate the language to be used, not vice-versa;

Principles Behind TBL…

Main focus on final task to be done;

TBL highlights the instrumental value of language.

ADVANTAGES OF TBL

• As the tasks are likely to be familiar to the students (eg: visiting the doctor), students are more likely to be engaged, which may further motivate them in their learning.

Advantages…

• In terms of interaction, information gap tasks in particular have been shown to promote negotiation of meaning and output modification. 

Advantages…

• It is more student-centered

• Allows more meaningful communication

DISADVANTAGES OF TBL

• Students will stay within the narrow confines of familiar words and forms.

• Some students can "hide" and rely on others to do the bulk of the work and learning.

Disadvantages…

• Difficulty of implementing task-based teaching where classes are large and space limited and/or inflexible.

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