Tanks, Drums, and VesselsTanks, Drums, and Vessels
Unit 9
Learning Objectives
• TLW be able to describe the following about tanks, drums, and vessels used in the process industry:– Types– Uses– Materials of Construction– Monitoring and Maintenance– Hazards and Mitigations
TypesTypes
• Tanks• Drums• Vessels
– Reactors– Distillation columns
Tanks, Drums, and VesselsTanks, Drums, and Vessels
Used for Storing• Inputs (Raw Materials)• Outputs (Products, Co-Products,
Intermediates)• Waste• Recoverable wasteTwo types of Storage Tanks
• Atmospheric
• Pressurized
Materials of Construction
• Tanks and vessels are usually always made of metal.– Thickness increases as does pressure– Special alloys for corrosives
• Drums– Metal– Plastic for corrosives, additives– Cardboard - additives– DOT specs
Terms for Tanks, Drums, Terms for Tanks, Drums, and Vesselsand Vessels
• Floating Roof• Sphere• Foam Chamber• Sump (Possum
Belly)• Mixer• Gauge Hatch• Manway or
Manhole
• Blanket• Vapor Recovery• Vortex Breaker• Baffle • Weir• Boot
Vessels and PressureVessels and Pressure
• Cylinders or drum shaped – generally atmospheric tanks
• High volatility materials – stored in pressurized tanks
• Round tanks (sphere) - pressure• Bullet and spherical tanks -
pressure• Hemispheroids – low pressure• Spheroids – low pressure
Cone roof tank
Floating roof tank
Foam system
Manway
Vortex Breaker
Nitrogen blanket
Tank SymbolsTank Symbols
HazardsHazards
• Overfilling• Putting in wrong or off spec material• Misalignment of blanket system• Misalignment of pump system• Pulling a vacuum while emptying a tank• Overpressuring a tank • Static electricity (dust or vapor
explosion)• Corrosion or mechanical damage
Hazards
• Describe potential impacts of these hazards on last– Individual– Equipment– Production (Quality)– Environment
ReactorsReactors
• Where Chemical Reactions Occur– Fixed Bed– Stirred– Fluidized bed reactor– Shell and Tube
Fixed Bed ReactorFixed Bed Reactor
Fixed bed reactor
Stirred ReactorStirred Reactor
Fluidized Bed ReactorFluidized Bed Reactor
FluidizeFluidized-Bed d-Bed
ReactorReactor
Shell and TubeShell and Tube
Dikes, Firewalls and Dikes, Firewalls and Containment WallsContainment Walls
• Contain materials• Isolate• Minimize damage• Protect people, assets, and
environment
Tank DikesTank Dikes
Monitoring and Monitoring and MaintenanceMaintenance
• Abnormal noise – pinging/popping• Abnormal heat• Monitor levels and pressures• Vibrations – pumps/mixers• Check firewalls, sumps and drains,
drain valves on dikes - rainfall• Odors/leaks• Corrosion checks, paint
Independent Practice
• Research project – see handout
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