7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
1/78
Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges: Interim Report
Sophie Tang and Odette Paramor &
The University of Nottingham Ningbo China
May 2014
2014 5
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
2/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
i
Preface
The work presented in this report is on-going and should be considered a work-in-progress.
Two approaches are being used to achieve Task 3.3
which required DragonSTAR to,
Assess the scientific state of the art in China and European in two specific topics of societal importance and study a
number of potential synergies. The status of cooperation will be studied as well as very specific challenges (under the
two areas) that need to be further addressed through joint research strategies.
The first approach uses two case studies in areas of societal importance (water security and urban agriculture) to
identify areas for potential Sino-European collaboration in the future. These topics were selected because there is
high-level interest in further collaboration (e.g. EU-China Joint Declaration on Urbanisation 2012 and the ongoing
China-EU Dialogue on Agriculture and Rural Development) or because funded examples of Sino-European research
collaboration exist (e.g. FP7 SPRING, EuropeAid EU-China River Basin Management Programme). Also, they are both
topics of global significance and limiting factors in Chinas economic and social development.
At this stage of the project, the approach used was to identify the main drivers of research in these areas in China,
the main funding agencies, the types of research currently funded and the areas which likely to be funded in the
future. Whilst most reviews of Chinese research focus on work which is published in the international literature, the
vast majority of research funded in China is not well represented in this forum. DragonSTAR has instead tried to
focus attention on the projects which have received funding and then searched for research outputs. Due to the
complexities of the Chinese funding systems, much of this information is highly fragmented, difficult to obtain and
presented in highly technical language which is often difficult to translate into English. It is also worth noting that the
information gathered for this report is that which has been considered suitable for public release. There will be
considerable information withheld from public scrutiny, particularly from international scrutiny, for reasons of
confidentiality and concerns about how the information will be used.
The second approach involves interviewing Chinese and European scientists who have first-hand experience of
conducting EU-China research for their recommendations on how best to develop links and deliver research with
China or Europe based researchers, the challenges they have faced, as well as their experience and views of the
more technical aspects of project management and coordination. The interviews for the pilot study have been
completed but are yet to be analysed so the results are not presented here. The full interview campaign will begin in
the summer of 2014. Researchers working in the two case study areas described above will be targeted
preferentially.
Both approaches will be combined to identify specific topics for future collaboration with guidelines on best practice
on how to support and deliver research in these areas from the view point of the researchers.
Odette Paramor and Sophie Tang
Ningbo, P.R. China
May 2014
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
3/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
ii
Index
Preface
Index
1. Background ............................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Availability of Information ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Idiosyncrasies of the Chinese Funding System ......................................................................................... 3
1.2.1 Guanxi () .......... ....................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.2 Standing on the Shoulders of Giants............................................................................................ 4
1.2.3 Risk ................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.2.4 Rivalries between Funders ...... 4
1.2.5 Jiangke Fei () ..................................................................................................................... 5
2. Water Security .......................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Chinese Water Policies ............................................................................................................................. 9
2.2.1 12th Five Year Plan ................ ........................................................................................................ 10
2.2.2 2011 No.1 Document on Accelerating Water Conservancy Reform and Development................ 14
2.3
Funding Programmes ............................................................................................................................... 16
2.3.1 Chinese Funding Schemes ......................................................... .................................................. 16
2.3.1.1 Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (Water Programme)... 16
2.3.1.2 National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) .............................................................. 42
2.3.2 International collaboration ........ 42
2.3.2.1 EU-China ....... 44
2.3.2.2 ChinaEU Member State Cooperation ........ 483 Urban Agriculture ..................................................................................................................................... 48
3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 48
3.2 Chinese Food Security Policies ................................................................................................................. 50
3.3
Urban Agriculture .................................................................................................................................... 57
3.4 Chinese Policies on Urban Agriculture .................................................................................................... 58
3.4.1 Chinese Government Incentives for Urban Agriculture ............................................................... 59
3.4.2 Chinese Public Research Funding Schemes ................................................................................. 59
3.5 Urban Agriculture Research Foci in China ................................................................................................ 60
3.5.1 Urban Agriculture Key Laboratories ............................................................................................. 60
3.5.1.1 Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture (KLUAS) ............................ 61
3.5.2 NSFC-Funded Urban Agriculture Projects .................... ............................................................... 62
3.5.3 Chinese Urban Agriculture Experts .............................................................................................. 66
3.5.4 Case studies promoted by the 2014 No.1 Document .................................................................. 69
3.5.5 Commercial Investment in Urban Agriculture .............................................................................. 69
3.5.5.1 IEDA and Vertical Farming ............................................................................................................. 69
3.5.6 RUAF and Chinese Demonstrator Cities .......................................................................................... 70
4. Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................. 71
5. Reference ...................................................................................................................................................
72
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
4/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
1
1. Background
1.1 Availability of Information
Chinas investment in science and technology is advancing at a prodigious rate [1], yet there is a growing anxietyamongst its political and scientific leaders that despite these investments the domestic innovation system is still
underperforming [2-4]. There have been several excellent recent reviews of the Chinese research system which
provide possible reasons for this limited impact and which identify several areas of the system which are in urgent
need of reform to address this issue [2, 4, 5]. Two of the main issues relate to the high level of fragmentation in the
funding system and its lack of transparency. These issues were also encountered in the preparation of this report
when trying to collect information on research being conducted in China and are worth describing as they impact
international understanding and knowledge of Chinese research and innovation and will affect any attempts to
identify research areas of mutual interest.
A highly fragmented funding system
Researchers can apply for funding from several sources as most ministries and funding organisations have
overlapping research remits. For instance, projects to support one of the 16 national Major Science and Technology
Programmes (also called Mega-Engineering Projects) on Water Pollution Control may be eligible for funding from
the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), the Ministry of Water Resources (MWR) and the Ministry of Science
and Technology (MoST) who all have overlapping responsibilities for research in this area. To complicate things
further, most ministries also operate a hierarchical funding structure with the same pattern of grants available at the
different levels (e.g. applications for Key Labs can be made at the municipal, provincial and national levels under
the general remit of MoST but administered by MoST bureaux operating at the different levels), often with no clear
lines of communication between the different ministries or between the different levels of a ministry1. Overlying this
structure are other funding organisations, such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), who
may also fund research of relevance to this programme. Identifying where to start looking for information on specific
research disciplines is in itself a difficult task.
Commercial Chinese companies are now also investing in research and development and there have been several
significant investments in universities and research institutions both domestically and internationally in recent years
[6, 7]. Sources of information on these types of research funding are particularly fragmented but do tend to be
advertised.
1 It has been widely reported that this complicated system with its lack of clear lines of communication between and within
ministries has led to an exploitation of the system with identical research proposals being submitted to, and funded by, multiple
agencies.
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
5/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
2
A lack of transparency & information about funded research
Information on the research funded by the different ministries and funding organisations, such as the NSFC, is not
published widely and is not usually available on their websites. The reasons for this are likely to be complex, but
include concerns about confidentiality and how the information will be used and interpreted, particularly by
foreigners. During the compilation of the case studies for this report, only limited information on funded projects
had been considered suitable for public release on the internet and none of it had been translated into English or
other languages thereby excluding this intelligence from the vast majority of international researchers who may also
be working in these areas.
The general lack of transparency in how research funding has been used has been widely reported in the Chinese
and international media as there have been several high profile investigations into the misappropriation of research
funds [8]. There are claims that only around 40% of Chinese research funding has actually been used for scientific
research.
International scientific databases such as Scopus and Web of Knowledge further exacerbate the problem of
identifying research conducted by specific Chinese researchers as their software does not recognise Chinese
characters. This forces Chinese researchers to translate their names into pinyin and/or adopt more Anglicised
versions of their names2[9]. Estimates by the Chinese Ministry of Public Security suggest that more than 1.1 billion
people (approximately 85% of Chinas population) use only 129 surnames. This low diversity in names is reduced
further with pinyin, as the same pinyin name can be used to represent several different names in Chinese
characters3. This makes it extremely difficult to search for publications associated with a Chinese project using
standard international scientific tools even if one knows the name and institution of a projects PI which are the
types of information most likely to be released by funding agencies4. These databases are now assigning unique
identifier codes to researchers but these are not well used for the moment and there is still considerable confusion.
2Pinyin uses the Latin alphabet to represent phonetic sounds in Chinese and is used in place of Chinese characters (e.g. is
translated into Ai Ling in pinyin. In this case, it is common to convert Ai Ling into Aileen or Eileen in English). The situation
can be complicated even further as some characters can have multiple spellings in pinyin (e.g. can be spelled as Le, or Yue
in pinyin and researchers may not be consistent in their use of pinyin name).
3For instance, the pinyin name Wu can be used to represent five different Chinese names ( ), Yu may
represent five names (), Qiu may represent four names () and so on.
4A Scopus search returned 3016 documents in 28 different fields of research when asked to find work published by a researcher
named Wang, Y. at Chongqing University. This is not unusual.
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
6/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
3
1.2 Idiosyncrasies of the Chinese Funding System
The idiosyncrasies of the Chinese funding system are also worth noting as there are significant cultural differences
between the EU and China systems (the observations made here are the personal observations of the authors and
do not reflect the views of their institution or funders). These primarily relate to:
1.2.1 Guanxi ()
The concept of guanxi in China cannot easily be explained in English, but essentially it relates to a special type of
mutualistic relationship in which individuals support and promote each other to other individuals or organisations,
forming a network which permeates through both the professional and personal aspects of their lives. Many guanxi
relationships are made during the training stages of a researcher s life at school and university but they may also be
made later in life based on individuals have the same hometown or some other shared commons (including
extended families). Whilst the social status of individuals in a guanxi relationship may differ, it is expected that the
relationship will be balanced in terms of the reciprocal benefits each receives in the longer term.
The influence of guanxi on research in China cannot be underestimated, particularly at municipal and provincial
levels. From the personal experiences of the authors, and from anecdotal evidence of Chinese researcher colleagues,
significant amounts of research funding are allocated privately in this way. Without guanxi (whether an individuals
own or via one of their guanxi benefactors), it can be extremely difficult for a researcher to receive funding or even
be able to network and meet new collaborators within China. Both of these activities require that researchers are
introduced to funders and potential collaborators via guanxi relationships. In this area, social events are a
particularly important tool to help build and reinforce new links. Significant grant applications require months if not
years of preparation and relationships with the key contacts are usually first developed in a social arena.
From the perspective of funding agencies, guanxi is seen as a positive phenomenon as it means that funders can
support and work with researchers who have been personally recommended to them by trusted associates. Unlike in
Europe where individual researchers are assessed using more clinical measures requiring documented proof of their
credibility and an assessment by evaluators who may not know them, the Chinese system relies instead on a morepersonal approach which many in China consider to be more efficient and reliable.
Whilst foreign researchers are not expected to understand the finer aspects of guanxi, they are usually expected to
understand the general concept if they intend to work in China, and will need to consider what they have to offer
potential guanxi contacts to balance any assistance or hospitality they may receive. It is considered extremely
disrespectful not to reciprocate if one has benefited from a guanxi relationship.
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
7/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
4
1.2.2 Standing on the shoulders of giants
Applying for Chinese grants requires that the researcher is both humble and respectful towards senior Chinese
researchers in the field. Not only must the supporting text of a proposal be balanced between research conducted in
China and internationally, but the proposers must also cite and acknowledge the contribution made by those senior
scientists who are likely to be reviewing their applications (for this reason, the list of evaluators are supplied in this
report where possible). Proposals which fail to emphasise any one of these three aspects are unlikely to be properly
reviewed and are unlikely to succeed.
Also, promotion of an applicants own work in a proposal is not considered to be a demonstration of their
competence and credibility in an area, but is instead perceived as boastful and uncouth. Again, this will damage a
proposals chances of success.
1.2.3 Risk
Whilst some funding agencies such as the NSFC are reforming their approach to risk, most Chinese funders are highly
risk averse. Proposals must contain clear unambiguous descriptions of their intended outcomes supported by
detailed descriptions of how those outcomes will be achieved. The level of detail required in a Chinese application is
significantly higher than that demanded by EU grant applications. Researchers must be confident that the project
outcomes can delivered before work has even started as failure will affect the success of future grant applications
and hinder the careers of the researchers involved.
Funders also try to reduce risk by focussing most of their resources on the more experienced researchers. Eligibility
for most grants is determined by whether a researcher has a track history of successful grant management. For
instance, the NSFC will only accept applications for its International Cooperation Programme from NSFC grant
holders who have successfully delivered at least one smaller project. Although exceptions have been made for a few
very senior international researchers, most international researchers working in China will need to prove themselves
capable of delivering smaller Chinese grants before they will be eligible to apply for the larger grants even if they
have substantial international research experience.
1.2.4 Rivalries between Funders
Many Chinese ministries operated a hierarchical funding structure at national, provincial and municipal (city) levels
with the same pattern of funding supported at each level. For instance international cooperation grants may be
available from a single ministry at national, provincial and municipal levels and administered independently at each
level. It has been reported that this structure can lead to rivalries between funders at the different levels
(particularly provincial and municipal levels) and within levels (e.g. between different cities in a province or between
provinces). For instance, it is generally considered more difficult for researchers in the wealthy city of Ningbo to
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
8/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
5
obtain grants from the Zhejiang province-level funders than from their municipal-level funders. The general
perception for this is that Zhejiang-level funders would prefer to prioritise research in the provinces capital city of
Hangzhou which hosts Zhejiang University (one of the top five universities in China) or other less wealthy cities in the
province than send money to Ningbo whose municipal-level schemes can afford to support the research of its own
universities. Again, the issue of guanxi may also play a role here. National-level funding schemes are generally
considered to be the most fair (e.g. NSFC).
1.2.5 Jiangke Fei ()
Jiangke fei is a cash payment made to senior researchers to attend Chinese -organised workshops and conferences.
These honoraria are usually given to key note speakers but also any senior delegates who may attend (in addition to
their travel and subsistence costs). For some academics, this is an important supplement to their income as Chinese
universities pay relatively low salaries compared to other professional groups. Current rates are between 500
2000RMB a day for a senior researcher but can be in excess of 5000RMB for a distinguished guest speaker.
Jiangke fei are mentioned here as they are essential for hosting workshops in China and i t is extremely difficult to
claim these types of expenses from international funding sources as there is no clear audit trail.
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
9/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
6
2. Water Security
2.1 Introduction
Water is essential for life and may be considered a limiting factor in Chinas economic a nd social development. As a
country, China suffers from a severe shortage of water as a result of both its climate5and demographics, but these
shortages are being further exacerbated by significant levels of water pollution in many parts of the country and the
long-term effects of a fragmented and ineffective water governance system. Chinas per capita availability of
renewable water is around 28% of the world average, but water consumption per unit of GDP is three times the
world average because of water intensive industrial structure, outdated technologies, low reuse rate and
wastefulness [10]. The Chinese Ministry of Water Resources has reported that two thirds of Chinas 669 cities are
suffering from water shortages, with 110 classified as severe[11].
In terms of demographics, much of Chinas population, agricultural land and industry is located towards the north,
whilst the majority of its water is located in the south and there are extreme disparities in the water resources
available per capita across the country (Figure 1 and Table 1). For instance, the Huang, Huai and Hai Rivers and their
catchment areas (see Figure 2 for their location) support 34% of Chinas population but contain only 7.5% of its
freshwater resources (Table 2). This area is also responsible for the delivery of 34% of the countrys food production
whose productivity is strongly affected by water availability so there are also important implications for the countrys
food security [12]. By contrast, the south of the country supports 53% of the total population but contains 80.9% of
the nations water (Table 2).
Water is used primarily for agricultural, industrial and for domestic purposes and demands for increased water
resources are increasing across all three areas (Table 3). The proportions of water used for these purposes are
changing too as a result of increased economic development, urbanisation and population size (Table 3). Agricultural
demands claim the highest proportion6, but overall demand from industry has doubled from 10% in 1983 to 23% in
2006 [11] and there is a growing demand from the increasing urban
5 The temporal dynamics of Chinas water resources are determined by precipitation and approximately 98% of Chinas surface waters are
recharged in this way [5].
6 Roughly, the production of one tonne of crop requires 1000 litres of water so there are major water resources issues if China demandsincreased domestic food security.
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
10/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
7
Figure 1. Per capita availability of water by province in 1998 [13]
population with the installation of indoor plumbing, showers and flush toilets in their accommodation [14]. The
increased demand for energy across these three sectors also has implications for water security as water is essential
for the generation of the majority of Chinas electricity acting as a coolant in power plants, generating energythrough hydroelectricity stations, in addition to the requirements for the manufacture and construction of
equipment for power generation [15]. It has been suggested that up to 97% of Chinas electricity generation is
dependent upon water [16].
Table 1. Measures of water scarcity [17]
Water availability,
m3per capita per year
Consequences
< 1700 Disruptive water shortages can occur frequently< 1000 Severe water shortages can occur threatening food production and
economic development
< 500 Absolute water scarcity
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
11/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
8
Table 2. Spatial distribution of Chinas water resources and per capita availability [17]
Region
Mean annual renewable water resources,
billions m3(%) Population,
Millions (%)
Annual per
capita water
resources,
m3
Surface water Ground water Total
North (total) 450.7 (16.6) 255.1 (30.8) 535.8 (19.1) 592.4 (45.2) 904.1
Song-Liao 165.3 (6.1) 62.5 (7.5) 192.8 (6.9) 119.6 (9.1) 1621.1
Hai-Luan 28.8 (1.1) 26.5 (3.2) 42.1 (1.5) 133.9 (10.2) 314.4
Huai 74.1 (2.7) 39.3 (4.7) 96.1 (3.4) 198.8 (15.2) 483.4
Yellow 66.1 (2.4) 40.6 (4.9) 74.4 (2.6) 110.6 (8.4) 672.4
Northwest 116.4 (4.3) 86.2 (10.4) 130.4 (4.6) 29.5 (2.3) 4417.2
South (total) 2260.8 (83.4) 591.7 (69.3) 2276.6 (80.9) 694.7 (53.0) 3276.6
Yangtze 951.3 (35.1) 246.4 (29.7) 961.3 (34.2) 428.3 (32.7) 2244.7
Pearl 468.5 (17.3) 111.6 (13.5) 470.8 (16.7) 171.0 (13.0) 2753.3
South Eastern 255.7 (9.4) 61.3 (7.4) 259.2 (9.2) 74.5 (5.7) 3481.3
South Western 585.3 (21.6) 154.4 (18.6) 583.3 (20.8) 20.9 (1.6) 28064.7
Total 2711.5 (100) 828.8 (100) 2812.4 (100) 1311.1 (100) 2145.1
Figure 2. The location of Chinas main rivers and main tributaries [18]
Hai River ()
Yellow River
(Huang He/)
Huai River ()
Yangtze River
(Chiang Jiang/)
Pearl River ()
Liao River ()
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
12/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
9
Table 3. Projections of water demand in the North China Plain provinces (millions m3
and (%)) between 1998
2020 [13]
Province YearUrban and
ruralIndustry Agriculture
Total
water useIncrement
Beijing
1998 1224.00(30.24)
1084.00(26.79)
1739.00(42.97)
4047.00
20101509.66
(33.47)
1366.93
(30.31)
1633.64
(36.22)4510.23 463.23
20201780.31
(36.35)
1565.61
(31.97)
1551.16
(31.68)4897.08 850.08
Tianjin
1998485.00
(22.53)
619.00
(28.75)
1049.00
(48.72)2153.00
2010655.34
(27.07)
780.57
(32.24)
985.44
(40.70)2421.35 268.35
2020
815.96
(30.54)
894.02
(33.79)
935.69
(35.37) 2645.66 492.66
Hebei
19982173.00
(9.60)
2700.00
(11.93)
17754.00
(78.46)22627.00
20103195.61
(14.05)
3404.73
(20.46)
16678.32
(65.49)23278.66 651.66
20204176.02
(18.00)
3899.59
(22.44)
15836.24
(59.56)23911.85 1284.85
Shandong
19982445.00
(11.96)
4342.00
(15.83)
18656.00
(72.17)25443.00
20103760.14
(17.14)
5475.30
(18.85)
17525.67
(64.01)26761.12 1318.12
20205028.64
(20.83)
6271.12
(19.78)
16640.81
(55.68)27940.57 2497.57
Henan
19982789.00
(11.76)
3693.00
(16.03)
16836.00
(72.21)23327.00
20104234.89
(16.35)
4656.91
(19.20)
15815.94
(64.45)24707.75 1380.75
20205618.07
(20.41)
5333.77
(21.04)
15017.40
(58.55)26969.24 2642.24
2.2 Chinese Water Policies
The management of water resources in China is a complex process governed by several ministries with overlapping
remits operating at different levels of government (Figure 3). Whilst it has long been recognised that China is facing
a water crisis, reform of its water resource management did not begin until the late 1990s following a period of
extreme water shortages which threatened food security [14, 17]. More recently there have been three policy
documents which have rapidly advanced the reform of water management: the 11th
Five Year Plan (2006 2010),
the 12th
Five Year Plan (2011-2015) and the 2011 No.1 Document on Accelerating Water Conservancy Reform and
Development 2011-2020.
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
13/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
10
2.2.1 12th
Five Year Plan
The 12th Five Year Plan continued the water reforms initiated in the 11th
Five Year Plan (see Table 4 for examples of
projects funded) and demanded:
(1) A reduction in water usage by industry & agriculture
A 30% reduction in water intensity (water consumed per unit of value-added industrial output).
Unfortunately, this will still lead to an overall increase in water usage from 599 billion m3 in 2010 to 620
billion m3by 2015 as China continues its economic development.
Investments in water management and infrastructure to improve irrigation for agriculture.
(2) Pollution targets
A 10% reduction in ammonium nitrate and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from 2007 levels. These
targets were set following the first national census of water pollution in 2010 when it was discovered thatmore than 6 million sources of residential, industrial and agricultural pollution were missing from previous
measures of water contamination and that >40% of Chinas CODand >55% of its nitrogen discharges come
from agricultural sources. The impact of these target on food production and security is unclear.
A 15% reduction in heavy metal pollution (specifically lead, mercury, chromium, cadmium and arsenic) by
2015 from 2007 levels.
(3) Infrastructure
Accelerate the construction of wastewater treatment and recycling pipes.
(4) Water quality
Improve the water quality of rivers and lakes.
(5) Water fee
The development of a water fee collection structure at central and local levels to implement the most
stringent water management system[16].
The demonstrator areas and projects identified for the 12th
Five Year Plan include over 300 technology projects
focussed on improving water quality in several major river basins (namely three rivers7, three lakes
8, a stream
9, and
a reservoir10
)[19]. These projects include:
Thewholeprocesstreatment technology of heavy-polluted industrialwastewater (
);
7Three rivers refer to River Huai (), River Hai () and River Liao ().
8Three lakes refer to Lake Tai (), Lake Chaoand Lake Dian.
9A stream refers to Stream Songhua ().
10A reservoir refers to Three Gorges Reservoir ().
http://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=whole&FORM=BDVSP6http://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=process&FORM=BDVSP6http://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=treatment&FORM=BDVSP6http://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=wastewater&FORM=BDVSP6http://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=wastewater&FORM=BDVSP6http://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=treatment&FORM=BDVSP6http://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=process&FORM=BDVSP6http://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=whole&FORM=BDVSP67/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
14/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
11
The comprehensively harnessing techniques of heavy-polluted river and eutrophic lakes (
);
Non-point source pollution control technology ();
Water purification technology applicable to different water resources and quality ();
The risk assessment and warning by remote sensing and monitoring of water environment (
);
The development of equipment for monitoring and warning ();
The purification of drinking water to improve quality ();
Network leak detection equipment ().
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
15/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
12
Table 4. 11th
Five Year Plan: Water Programmes funded by the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control and Treatment
Theme Project Where What Who
Lakes
Watershed Pollution Management and
Eutrophication Comprehensive Control
Technology and Demonstration/
2008ZX07102
Beijin and River
Dian in Yunnan
Province
Lake Dianchi is one of the three lakes on Chinese central government' s agenda for
implementing immediate eutrophication and algal bloom controlA six-step
methodology framework on long-term watershed management planning was
proposed in this paper to meet the decision making requirements on eutrophication
controlThe framework is based on lake carrying capacity and Total Maximum Daily
Load ( TMDL) and consists of components including eutrophication diagnosis
investigation and evaluationTMDL and carrying capacity calculationplanning
tasks designingadaptive managementand strategic solutions proposalAn
integrated load reduction system was thereby designed to achieve water quality goals
in two planning periods and under four watershed-scale developmentscenariosThe strategic solutions were then proposed for eutrophication control in
Lake Dianchi
College of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Peking University
(PI: Huaicheng Guo), and
the Key Laboratory of Water and
Sediment Sciences Ministry of
EducationPeking University
Integration Research of Lake Eutrophication
Comprehensive Control Technology (
)
(2009ZX07106-005) with 6 sub-themes.
Xiaozhen Hu () from Chinese
Research Academy of
Environmental Science (
)
The Research and Demonstration of
Environment Comprehensive Management
and Ecological Restoration Technology for
the Arid and Semi - arid Regions (
)2009ZX07106-004
Xinjiang
Province
Hongqiang Hong () from the
Chinese Research Academy of
Lakes, Xinjiang (
)
The Conservation of Water Quality and
Quantity and Habitat Improvement
Technology for Typical Water Shortages in
the North (
)2009ZX07106-
003
Dongchanghu
City
Research and development of wetland purifying water quality and Optimal Allocation
of Water Replenishment of Water Technology to support water environment
improvement in the North.
Qimin Ma () from Ocean
University of China (
The Water Quality Improvement AquaticVegetation Construction Technology of
Typical Southern Urban Landscape (
)2009ZX07106-002
Hangzhou City,
Zhenbin Wu () from
Institute of Hydrobiology, CAS (
)
River
The Integrated Technology of Overall
Treatment for Water Environment
2009ZX07212-
005
Special River
Binghu Tian () from the
Research Center for Eco-
Environmental Science, CAS (
)
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
16/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
13
The Research and Demonstration of the Key
Technology of Water Pollution Control and
Wetland Ecological Restoration for the
Upper Reaches of Yellow River Irrigation
Area of Farmland (
)2009ZX07212-004
Special River
Zhengli Yang () from
Institute of Environment and
Sustainable Development in
agirculture, CAAS (
)
The Key Technology and Engineering
Demonstration for Water Quality Safety
and Security of Main Canal in the South-to-
North Water Transfer Project (
)2009ZX07212-003Four Years
. Key words:
Hanhong Chenfrom
China University of Geosciences in
Beijing
Monitoring
and Warning
Study on the Framework of Environmental
Technology Verification (ETV)
2009ZX07529-007
Qianwu Song () Chinese
Research Academy of
Environmental Science (
)
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
17/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
14
2.2.2 2011 No.1 Document on Accelerating Water Conservancy Reform and Development
The 2011 No.1 Document on Accelerating Water Conservancy Reform and Development 2011-2020 is the single
most important piece of water-specific legislation in China. It was introduced to accelerate the reform of water
resource management and achieve sustainable use of water within the decade with a budget of 4000 trillion RMB
(500 billion) over ten years [10, 20]. This was double the previous budget [21]. A Three Red Lines structure was
used to set targets and operationalise the policy [20]. These were:
(1) The Red Line to limit total water use by demand management11
, with a target of reducing the total
quantity of water consumed nationwide to below 700 billion m3by 2030;
(2) The Red Line to achieve higher water use efficiency in industry and agriculture, with targets for attaining
or approaching world advanced levels of water use efficiency in these areas;
(3) The Red Line to improve water quality by reducing pollution loads within Water Functional Zones, with
targets controlling the total quantity of major pollutants discharged into rivers and lakes to within the
pollutant absorption capacity of the water function areas and raising water quality compliance rates in such
areas to higher than 95%.
In order to realise the Three Red Lines, additional shorter-term targets for water resource management were
specified for 2015 and 2020. The priorities for investment for the first phase (2010-2015) were identified as: water
resource security (35% of the investment), flood control and disaster relief (28%), irrigation and farmland
conservation (20%) and water and soil conservation (7%).
11Demand-driven water resource management ignores the economic nature of water resources and can lead to escalations in
conflict between locally limited water availability and water demand 17. Jiang, Y., China's water scarcity.Journal of
Environmental Management, 2009. 90(11): p. 3185-3196..
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
18/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
15
Figure 3. Overview of government hierarchy related to the management of water resources [22]
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
19/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
16
2.3 Funding Programmes
Research in the area of water security covers an extremely broad range of issues across multiple disciplines and may
be funded by both the public and private sectors.
2.3.1 Chinese Funding Schemes
In terms of the funding available from the State, all the government ministries presented in Figure 3, in addition to
the Ministry of Science and Technology, support research into on water security. Support is also available from the
more traditional funding bodies such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the Chinese
Academy of Sciences (CAS) have their own funding schemes too (via CAS, the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE),
the Chinese Academy of Space Technology (CAST) and the Chinese Academy of Agriculture (CAAS)).
2.3.1.1 Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (Water Programme)This section focusses on the funding programmes available through the 12
th Five Year Plan Major Science and
Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control which is one of the 16 mega-engineering projects supported
by the Five Year Plan programme. Funding for this particular programme may be accessed through several ministries
including the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Science and Technology. The funding
programme for the Ministry of Environmental Protection provided the most complete information on their work
programme in this area.
(1)
Ministry of Science and Technology
The Water Pollution Control Programme was the largest investment for MoST in water pollution control since 1949
and is worth up to 30 billion RMB [23]. The focus of the MoST involvement is to address key and common
technological issues related to water pollution control and treatment which limit the
The Ministry of Environmental Protection categorised its funding economic and social development of China.
(2) Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP)
for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control under six themes which were lakes,
rivers, urban, drinking water, monitoring & warning and strategy & policy. These themes were further sub-
categorised according to specific geographic regions or water sheds.
In 2013, there were four rounds of calls under this programme which were published in May, assessed in June with
successfully funded projects starting in January 2014. Funding came from both central and local sources and was not
usually equally balanced. The list of calls and successful projects are listed in Tables 5, 7, 9 & 11 and Tables 6, 8, 10 &
12 respectively. There was no obvious underlying theme to each of the calls, although the first call had a strong
technology and industrialisation focus to its nine calls and were all supported by budgets over 17 million RMB (Table
5), the second call was dominated by demonstrator schemes (Table 7), the third call was formed of a mixture of 17
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
20/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
17
calls including a couple of relatively small policy schemes (worth 5 million RMB) (Table 9) and the fourth call was
composed of nine large demonstrator schemes (worth between 50 - 105 million RMB each) (Table 11).
MEP published two additional calls in June 2013 on Domestic Water Pollution Control (seven calls worth 20 -180
million RMB each) (Table 13) and Securing Drinking Water Safety (ten calls worth 20 -180 million RMB each) (Table
14).
The experts used to evaluate the proposals are listed in Tables 15 & 16. Experts are classified as generalists or
specialists under this scheme.
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
21/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
18
Table 5. First call for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (funded by the MEP)
Basin Task Attribute Programme Name Project Call Name
Expenditure
(Million RMB) ThemeLocal Organization and
ImplementationDuration
Central Local
Liao RiverTechnology
Demonstration
The River Catchment Ecological
Supportability Adjustment and
Pollution Reduction Management
Technology Research (
)
The Adjustment and Optimising Technology
Research of River Catchment Landscape Ec ology
based on marine ecology system health (
)
17 0
Monitoring
and
Warning
Liao Ning Provincial
Department of
Environmental Protection
(), Liao River
Conservation/ Reserve
Area Bureau (
)
01/2014-
12/2016
Stream
Songhua
Technology
Demonstration
The Key Technology and OverallDemonstration of Stream
Songhua Pollution P revention
and Treatment, and Ecological
Restoration (
)
The Demonstrative Research into Key Technology
of Stream Songhua Water Ecological Integrity
Evaluation and Restoration (
)
17 17 River
Hei Long Jiang P rovincialDepartment of
Environmental Protection
(), Ji Lin
Provincial Department of
Environmental Protection
()
01/2014-
12/2016
Huai RiverTechnology
Demonstration
Technology Research and Overall
Demonstration of Water Quality
Improvement and Water
Ecological Restoration in Huai
River Catchment (
)
The Key Technology Research and Demonstration
of Water Quality- Water Quantity-Water Ecological
United Dispatch for Huai River Catchment (
--
)
20 30 River
Huai River Basin Water
Resources Protection
Bureau (
)
01/2014-
12/2016
Chao LakeTechnology
Demonstration
Technology and Project
Demonstration of Water
Pollution Control and Heavy
Metal Area Overall Treatment for
Chao Lake (
)
The Technology Integration and Project
Demonstration of Improving Water Quality by
Controlling Cyanobacteria in Western Water
Source Area in Chao Lake (
)
20 30 Lake
Three
Gorges
Reservoir
Technology
Demonstration
Technology and Project
Demonstration of Water
Pollution Overall Prevention and
Treatment for Three Gorges
Reservoir (
)
The Key Technology Research and Demonstration
of United Dispatch based on Three Gorges
Reservoir and its Downstream Water Environment
(
)
20 20 Lake
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
22/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
19
Key River
CatchmentIndustrialized
The Key Technology and Industrialized
Demonstration of The Paper Industry Water
Pollution Control in Key River Catchment (
)
30 60 River
Key River
CatchmentIndustrialized
The Key Technology and Industrialized
Demonstration of Pollution Processing and
Recycling for The Printing and Dyeing Industry
Cluster Area in the Key River Catchment (
)
30 60 River
Key River
Catchment
Industrialized
The Overall Demonstration Research of Water
Pollution Treatment and Environmental Protection
Service Mode for the Industrial Park (
)
30 60 River
Key River
CatchmentIndustrialized
The Demonstration of Water Environment
Monitoring Instrument Research and Development,
and Socialized Online -monitoring and
Industrialized the Service (
)
30 60 Lake
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
23/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
20
Table 6. Projects funded under the first call for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (funded by the MEP)
Project
No.Project Name Implementing Unit Principal Investigator Attribute Local organizational joint trial unit
2014ZX
071040
05
The Key Technology Research and Demonstration of United Dispatch based on
Three Gorges Reservoir and its Downstream Water Environment (
)
Wuhan University/ Guolu Yang/Comprehensive
Demonstration
Chongqing City, Hubei P rovince/
2014ZX
072040
06
The Key Technology Research and Demonstration of Water Quality- Water
Quantity-Water Ecological United Dispatch for Huai River Catchment (
--)
Wuhan University/ Jun Xia/Comprehensive
Demonstration
Huai River Water Resources
Committee/
(http://szy.hrc.gov.cn/SystemPortal/Portal/Main/HomePage.aspx)
2014ZX
072130
01
The Key Technology and Industrialized Demonstration of The Paper Industry
Water Pollution Control in Key River Catchment (
)
China Paper Association/
Kexia Chen/ Industrialization
2014ZX
072150
01
The Key Technology and Industrialized Demonstration of P ollution Processing
and Recycling for The Printing and Dyeing Industry Cluster Area in the Key River
Catchment ()
Xiamen Weishibang Membrane
Technology Co. Ltd/
(http://xmvisbe.jdol.com.cn/)
Taishan Shi/ Industrialization
2012ZX
07501
The River Catchment Ecological Supportability Adjustment and Pollution
Reduction Management Technology Research (
)
Chinese Research Academy of
Environmental Sciences/
Yuan Zhang/
2014ZX
075070
01
The Demonstration of Water Environment Monitoring Instrument Research and
Development, and Socialized Online -monitoring and Industrialized the Service
()
Focused Photonics Inc. /
(http://www.fpi-inc.com/)
Huajun Ye/Common/ Generic
Technology
2012ZX
07204
Water quality improvement and water ecological restoration in the Huai River
CatchmentNanjing University/
Aimin Li/
Deputy chief/
of specialists in
theme two
http://hjxy.nju.edu.cn
/liam/news/?107.html
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
24/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
21
Table 7. Second call for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (funded by the MEP)
Basin Task Attribute Programme Name Project Call Name Expenditure
(Million RMB)
Theme
Central Local
Liao River
(inflow)
Technology
Demonstration
Research and demonstration of promoted
governance and technology system for
watershed water pollution prevention and
treatment technology evaluation
(Verification) /
()
Technology verification (ETV) and application demonstration
of water pollution reduction in Liao River and other river
catchments/ETV
18 5 Monitoring
and Warning
Songhua River
(outflow)
Comprehensive
Demonstration
The Key Technology and Comprehensive
Demonstration of Songhua PollutionPrevention and Treatment, and Ecological
Restoration /
Technology integration and comprehensive demonstration
for the life cycle management of non-point pollutant fromagriculture in main grain producing areas of Songhua
Catchment/
25 40 River
Hai River
(inflow)
Comprehensive
Demonstration
Whole set of technology integration and
comprehensive demonstration of the water
quality improvement in the heavy-polluted
river of Hai River Catchment/
Technology integration and comprehensive demonstration of
water pollutant management and water quality improvement
in Yanghe section of Yongding River in the northern part of
Hai River system/-
30 60 River
Hai River
(inflow)
Technology
Demonstration
Whole set of technology integration and
comprehensive demonstration of the water
quality improvement in the heavy-polluted
river of Hai River Catchment/
Key technology and demonstration of wetland restoration in
Ziya river catchment downstream of the southern part of Hai
River System/
28 45 River
Hai River
(inflow)
Comprehensive
Demonstration
Whole set of technology integration and
comprehensive demonstration of the water
quality improvement in the heavy-polluted
river of Hai River Catchment/
Technology integration and catchment demonstration of the
agricultural drainage pollutant management in the condition
of multi-water resources irrigation, for the downstream of
the southern part of Hai River System/
25 40 River
Hai River
(inflow)
Technology
Demonstration
Research and demonstration of governance
and technology extension system of
prevention and treatment of water
pollutant in the catchment/
()
Dissemination research and provincial demonstration of the
best available technology for the water pollution prevention
and treatment of key industry in Hai River catchment/
18 8 Monitoring
and Warning
Hai River
(inflow)
Technology
Demonstration
Research and demonstration of governance
and technology extension system of
prevention and treatment of water
Research into technology evaluation and management
system of water prevention and treatment of typical
industrial park in key catchment/
18 8 Monitoring
and Warning
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
25/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
22
pollutant in the catchment/
()
Huai River
(inflow)
Comprehensive
Demonstration
Technology research and comprehensive
demonstration of water quality
improvement and water ecological
restoration in the Huai River Catchment/
Technology research and demonstration for the source
management and centralized treatment of non-point source
pollutant from agriculture in Shaying River catchment/
25 50 River
Huai River
(inflow)
Technology
Demonstration
Technology research and comprehensive
demonstration of water quality
improvement and water ecological
restoration in the Huai River Catchment/
Research and demonstration of comprehensive management
of toxic pollutants from industrial and domestic water
pollution in Huai River catchment (Bengbu section in the
upstream of Hongze Lake)/-
24 24 River
Huai River
(inflow)
Comprehensive
Demonstration
Technology research and comprehensive
demonstration of water quality
improvement and water ecological
restoration in the Huai River Catchment/
Technology integration and comprehensive demonstration of
water quality improvement for heavy-polluted river in the
downstream of Huai River/
25 50 River
Dong River
(outflow)
Comprehensive
Demonstration
Technology integration and comprehensive
demonstration of risk management of water
quality and aquatic ecology in Dong River
catchment/
Technology integration and comprehensive demonstration of
risk management of aquatic environment of typical
watershed () in the upstream of Dong River
catchment/
25 40 River
Dong River
(outflow)
Comprehensive
Demonstration
Technology integration and comprehensive
demonstration of risk management of water
quality and aquatic ecology in Dong River
catchment/
Technology integration and comprehensive demonstration of
drinking water safety and security of rivers used as drinking
water source in Dong River catchment/
25 40 River
Key catchment Industrialization Industrialization demonstration of regional
solutions for managing pollutants from
breeding livestock and poultry in keycatchment/
Industrialization demonstration of regional solutions for
managing pollutants from breeding livestock and poultry in
key catchment/
25 50 Lake
Key catchment Industrialization Industrialization of key technology and
equipment for the zero-emission of
refractory waste water (liquid) with salt/
Industrialization of key technology and equipment of
recycling industrial polluted water with salt in high-efficiency
and low-consumption in the key catchment/
10 20 River
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
26/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
23
Development and industrialization of deeply oxidation
equipment for high density, non-degradable and organic
wastewater/
10 20 River
Industrialization of equipment to evaporate high density and
highly saline organic wastewater with high efficiency and
energy-saving/
10 20 River
Industrialization of drying equipment for processing industrial
condensed wastewater (liquid) from the fine chemical
engineering industries/
10 20 River
Development and industrialization of incineration equipmentof high-concentration organic liquid wastes containing highly
saline/
10 20 River
Key catchment Demonstrative research into managemen t
innovation of management system and
pollution reduction for aquatic
environment/
Research into comprehensive management system of state's
and catchment's aquatic environment, and demonstrative
results from the trials/
[Integrate research results of management system
reform, and trial demonstration results, to propose a new
management system according to current situation]
5 0 Policy
Key catchment Demonstrative research into managemen t
innovation of management system and
pollution reduction for aquatic
environment/
Research into management system of managing agricultural
pollutant source, and demonstrative polciy for reducing
pollution emission/
5 0 Policy
Key catchment Research into policy for demonstration,
regarding the management, taxation, paid
use of the water pollutants/
Research on public financial policies and its demonstration of
aquatic environment protection/
5 0 Policy
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
27/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
24
Table 8. Projects funded under the second call for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (funded by the MEP)
Project No. Project Name Implementing Unit Principal Investigator Attribute Local
organizational
joint trial unit
2014ZX07114001 Industrialization demonstration of regional solutions for
managing pollutants from breeding livestock and poultry in key
catchment/
CSD (Beijing) Environmental Protection/
(http://www.zchb.net/csd )
Kai Shao/ Industrialization
2014ZX07201009 Technology integration and comprehensive demonstration for
the life cycle management of non-point pollutant from
agriculture in main grain producing areas of SonghuaCatchment/
Institute of Environment and Sustainable
Development in Ag riculture, CAAS/
Zhengli Yang/(specialist
member in theme two)
(http://www.ieda.org.cn/Html/2013_03_04/2757_49566_2013_03_04
_49580.html)
Comprehensive
Demonstration
Heilongjiang
Province/
2012ZX07203 Whole set of technology integration and comprehensive
demonstration of the water quality improvement in the heavy-
polluted river of Hai River Catchment/
Research Centre for Eco-Environmental
Sciences, CAS/
Baoqing Shan/Group
Leader/of specialists in theme
two(http://sourcedb.cas.cn/sourcedb_r
cees_cas/yw/fs/200906/t20090612
_1038283.html )
2014ZX07203008 Key technology and demonstration of wetland restoration in
Ziya river catchment downstream of the southern part of Hai
River System/
Peking University/ Xiaoliu Yang/ ComprehensiveDemonstration
Hebei Province/
2014ZX07211001 Development and industrialization of deeply oxidation
equipment for high density, non-degradable and organic
wastewater/
Sound Group/
(http://www.soundgroup.com/)
Jingzhi Zhang/ Industrialization
2014ZX07204005 Technology integration and comprehensive demonstration of
water quality improvement for heavy-polluted river in the
downstream of Huai River/
Research Centre for Eco-Environmental
Science, CAS/
(in English)
Aijie Wang/ Comprehensive
Demonstration
Jiangsu
Province/
2014ZX07204008 Research and demonstration of comprehensive management
of toxic pollutants from industrial and domestic water
pollution in Huai River catchment (Bengbu section in the
upstream of Hongze Lake)/-
Nanjing University/ Fuqiang Liu/ ComprehensiveDemonstration
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
28/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
25
2012ZX07206 Technology integration and comprehensive demonstration of
risk management of water quality and aquatic ecology in Dong
River catchment/
South China Institute of Environmental
Science. MEP/
(http://www.scies.org/home.asp)
Zhencheng Xu/
2014ZX07206001 Technology integration and comprehensive demonstration of
risk management of aquatic environment of typical watershed
() in the upstream of Dong River catchment/
Shanghai Jiaotong University/
Yiliang He/ ComprehensiveDemonstration
Guangdong
Province/
2014ZX07206005 Technology integration and comprehensive demonstration of
drinking water safety and security of rivers used as drinking
water source in Dong River catchment/
South China Institute of Environmental
Science. MEP/
(http://www.scies.org/home.asp)
Fantang Zeng/ Comprehensive
Demonstration
Guangdong
Province/
2014ZX07214 Industrialization of key technology and equipment for the
zero-emission of refractory waste water (liquid) with salt/
EST/(http://estpure.com/a/technology.aspx ) Xiaowei Sun/
2014ZX07214001 Industrialization of key technology and equipment of recycling
industrial polluted water with salt in high-efficiency and low-
consumption in the key catchment/
EST/
(http://estpure.com/a/technology.aspx )
Xiaowei Sun/ Industrialization
2014ZX07214002 Development and industrialization of deeply oxidation
equipment for high density, non-degradable and organic
wastewater/
Shanghai Institute for Design & Research
on Environmental Engineering/
(http://huanke.com.cn/08/index.asp )
Yi Zhang/ Industrialization
2014ZX07214003 Industrialization of equipment to evaporate high density and
highly saline organic wastewater with high efficiency and
energy-saving/
XI'AN SHAANGU POWER CO.,LTD/
(http://www.shaangu.com/ENGLISH/inde
x.jsp?urltype=tree.TreeTempUrl&wbtreei
d=1070 )
Jingxin Liu/ Industrialization
2014ZX07214004 Industrialization of drying equipment for processing industrial
condensed wastewater (liquid) from the fine chemical
engineering industries/
ZHE JIANG HUANXING/
(http://www.zj-zhx.com/)
Qilin Yu/ Industrialization
2014ZX07504003 Technology verification (ETV) and application demonstration of
water pollution reduction in Liao River and other river
catchments/ETV
Chinese Research Academy of
Environmental Sciences/
Chunlian Xu/ Common/
Generic
Technology
2014ZX07504005 Research into technology evaluation and management system
of water prevention and treatment of typical industrial park in
key catchment/
Sino-Japan Friendship Centre for
Environmental Protection/
( http://www.china-epc.cn/)
Zhiwei Xin/ Common/Generic
Technology
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
29/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
26
2014ZX07602004 Research into management system of managing agricultural
pollutant source, and demonstrative polciy for reducing
pollution emission/
South China Institute of Environmental
Science. MEP/
(http://www.scies.org/home.asp)
Genyi Wu/ Policy
Management
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
30/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
27
Table 9. Third call for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (funded by the MEP)
Project No. Basin Task Attribute Programme Name Project Call Name Expenditure
(Million RMB)
Theme
Central Local
2014ZX07101-
011
Tai Lake /
Taihu/(freshwater)
Technology
Demonstration
Technology and project demonstration of
eutrophication management and
treatment in Tai Lake/
Business operation system of safety
management and decision-making platform for
aquatic environment in Tai Lake river network
(Taihu catchment)/
20 10 Lake
2014ZX07508 Liao River
(inflow)/
Technology
Demonstration
Technology and comprehensive
demonstration of prevention, treatment,
monitoring, and warning for water
pollution in river catchment/
Key technology development of observation
simulation platform of ecological integrity in Liao
River catchment/
20 10 Monitoring
and Warning
2014ZX07503-
004
Songhua River
(outflow)/
Technology
Demonstration
Technology research and project
demonstration of risk evaluation and
early-warning of catchment aquatic
environment/
Technology research and application
demonstration of risk monitoring and early-
warning of aquatic environment in cross-border
areas between China and Russia/
29 15 Monitoring
and Warning
2014ZX07105-
001
Erhai / Erhai
Lake
(freshwater
lake) /
Technology
Demonstration
Technology and project demonstration of
prevention and treatment of water
pollution, habitat improvement and
green watershed construction for Erhai/
Technology system research and demonstration
of comprehensive prevention and treatment of
non-point pollutants from agriculture in Erhai
catchment/
20 20 Lake
2014ZX07509 Key
catchment/
Industrialization Industrialized dissemination mechanism trial and
platform development of technology
achievement of water pollutant management
and treatment/
30 30 Monitoring
and Warning
2014ZX07602-003
Tai Lake/ ThaiLake/ Taihu/
(freshwater)
Policy Demonstrative research intomanagement innovation of management
system and pollution reduction for
aquatic environment/
Research on the strictest management systemdesign and demonstration of managing industrial
water pollution/
5 0 Policy
2014ZX07603-
002
Tai Lake, Huai
River (inflow)/
Policy Research into policy for demonstration,
regarding the management, taxation,
paid use of the water pollutants/
Research on taxes and duties, and price policy of
urban sewage treatment, and its demonstration/
5 0 Policy
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
31/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
28
2014ZX07602-
005
Liao River
(inflow), three
gorges/
Policy Demonstrative research into
management innovation of management
system and pollution reduction for
aquatic environment/
Research on the innovation of system and
mechanism, and integration and demonstration
of catchment ecological civilization construction/
5 0 Policy
2014ZX07510 Key
catchment/
Integration Technology and comprehensive
demonstration of preventing, treating,
monitoring, and early-warning of
catchment water pollution/
Technology integration and efficiency evaluation
of catchment water pollution management and
treatment/
40 0 Special
Integration
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
32/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
29
Table 10. Projects funded under the third call for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (funded by the MEP)
Project No. Project Name Implementing Unit Principal Investigator Attribute
Local
organizational
joint trial unit
2012ZX07101
Technology and project demonstration of
eutrophication management and treatment in Tai
Lake/
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental
Sciences/
Binghui Zheng/Group Leader/in theme
one specialist list(http://craes.cn/c/cn/news/2011-
07/20/news_2488.html )
2014ZX07101011
Platform of business operation system of safety
management and decision-making for aquaticenvironment in Tai Lake river network (Taihu
catchment)/
Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, CAS/
Weiping Hu/
Comprehensive
Demonstration
JiangsuProvince/
2012ZX07105
Technology and project demonstration of
prevention and treatment of water pollution,
habitat improvement and green watershed
construction for Erhai/
Shanghai Jiaotong University/Hainan Kong/Special Advisor/in
theme one specialist list
2014ZX07105001
Technology system research and demonstration
of comprehensive prevention and treatment of
non-point pollutants from agriculture in Erhai
catchment/
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional
Planning, CAAS/
(http://iarrp.cn/sites/IARRP/)
Hongbin Liu/Comprehensive
Demonstration
Yunnan
Province/
2014ZX07508001
Key technology development of observation
simulation platform of ecological integrity in Liao
River catchment/
Liaoning Academy of Environmental Sciences/
(http://food.nstl.gov.cn/pollute/MirrorResources
/7032/ )
Jinghai Zhu/
Common/
Generic
Technology (
)
2014ZX07510001
Technology integration and efficiency evaluation
of catchment water pollution management and
treatment/
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental
Sciences/Qiujin Xu/
Common/
Generic
Technology
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
33/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
30
2012ZX07503
Technology and comprehensive demonstration of
preventing, treating, monitoring, and early-
warning of catchment water pollution/
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental
Sciences/Fengchang Wu/
2014ZX07503004
Technology research and application
demonstration of risk monitoring and early-
warning of aquatic environment in cross-border
areas between China and Russia/
Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,
MEP/Jixi Gao/
Common/
Generic
Technology
2013ZX07504
Technology integration and efficiency evaluation
of catchment water pollution management and
treatment/
Tsinghua University/ Kaijun Wang/
2012ZX07506
Demonstrative research into management
innovation of management system and pollution
reduction for aquatic environment in Tai Lake/
Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental
Science/
(http://wmdw.jswmw.com/home/?lid=474)
Haisuo Wu/
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
34/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
31
Table 11. Fourth call for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (funded by the MEP)
Basin Task Attribute Programme Name Project Call Name Expenditure (Million
RMB)
Theme
Central Local
Tai Lake/ Thai
Lake/ Taihu/
(freshwater)
Technology
Demonstration
Research and demonstration programme of
monitoring technology system for
catchment aquatic ecology/
Demonstration of technology development and business
operation system for the monitoring and intelligent
management of national aquatic environment/
20 20 Monitoring and
Warning
Liao River
(inflow)/
Comprehensive
Demonstration
Technology integration and project
demonstration of comprehensivetreatment of water pollutants in Liao River
catchment/
Technology integration and demonstration of aquatic ecological
development and function restoration of Shenfu section in HunRiver catchment/
30 45 River
Songhua River
(outflow)/
Technology
Demonstration
Technology research and project
demonstration of risk evaluation and early-
warning of catchment aquatic
environment/
Research and demonstration of intelligent management
technology cluster for water pollution process in Songhua river
catchment/
20 30 River
Comprehensive
Demonstration
Technology research and project
demonstration of risk evaluation and early-
warning of catchment aquatic
environment/
Technology research and comprehensive demonstration of
comprehensive treatment of water pollutants and water quality
improvement in Yinma River catchment/
35 70 River
Technology
Demonstration
Technology research and project
demonstration of risk evaluation and early-
warning of catchment aquatic
environment/
Key technology and demonstration of securing the safety of
water quality from riverside pumping/ intaking in Songhua River
catchment /
15 15 River
Hai River/
Haihe/
(inflow)
Comprehensive
Demonstration
Whole set of technology integration and
comprehensive demonstration of
improving water quality of the heavy-
polluted river in Hai River catchment/
Key technology and comprehensive demonstration of improving
aquatic environment quality of the main stream in Hai River/
35 70 River
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
35/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
32
Comprehensive
Demonstration
Whole set of technology integration and
comprehensive demonstration of water
quality improvement for heavy-polluted
rivers in Hai River catchment/
Research and demonstration of key technology for water
quality security and ecological restoration in water resources
regulation and storage area of Hai River catchment/
30 60 River
Three gorges/
Technology
Demonstration
Technology and project demonstration of
comprehensive management and
treatment of water pollution in Three
Gorges Reservoir/
Business system operation of environment perception system
and platform for aquatic ecology in T hree Gorges Reservoir/
20 30 Lake
Key
catchment/
Industrialization R&D and industrialization of plant equipment for high-quality
reclaimed water and water purification/
30 60 Monitoring and
Warning
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
36/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
33
Table 12. Projects funded under the fourth call for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (funded by the MEP)
Project No. Project Name Implementing Unit Principal Investigator Attribute Local organizational
joint trial unit
2012ZX07104 Technology and project demonstration
of comprehensive management and
treatment of water pollution in Three
Gorges Reservoir/
China Institute of Water Resources and
Hydropower Research/
Huaidong Zhou/( specialist member in theme one)
(http://www.waterscience.cn/zhuanjiaku/zhouhuaidong.ht
m)
2014ZX07104006
Business system operation ofenvironment perception system and
platform for aquatic ecology in Three
Gorges Reservoir/
Chongqing Institute of Green andIntelligent Technology, CAS/
(http://www.cigit.cas.cn/)
Jiahu Yuan/ ComprehensiveDemonstration
Chongqing City/
2012ZX07201 Technology research and project
demonstration of risk evaluation and
early-warning of catchment aquatic
environment/
Chinese Research Academy of
Environmental Sciences/
Yuexi Zhou/(specialist member in theme two)
(http://www.craes.cn/cn/hkyr/zhouyx.html)
2014ZX072010
10
Key technology and demonstration of
securing the safety of water quality from
riverside pumping/ intaking in Songhua
River catchment /
Beijing Normal University/ Yanguo Teng/ Comprehensive
Demonstration
Heilongjiang Province/
2014ZX072010
11
Technology research and comprehensive
demonstration of comprehensive
treatment of water pollutants and water
quality improvement in Yinma River
catchment/
Northeast Normal University/
Jiang Feng/ Comprehensive
Demonstration
Jilin Province/
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
37/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
34
2014ZX072010
12
Research and demonstration of
intelligent management technology
cluster for water pollution process in
Songhua river catchment/
Longjiang Environmental Protection Group
Plc/
Yongjian Piao/ Comprehensive
Demonstration
Heilongjiang Province/
2012ZX07202 Technology integration and project
demonstration of comprehensive
treatment of water pollutants in Liao
River catchment/
Chinese Research Academy of
Environmental Sciences/
(http://longjiang.greening-
china.com/ )
Yonghui Song/Deputy Chief/of specialists
in theme two(http://craes.cn/c/cn/news/2010-
11/16/news_2076.html )
2014ZX072020
11
Technology integration and
demonstration of aquatic ecological
development and function restoration
of Shenfu section in Hun River
catchment/
Shenyang Jianzhu University/
Jinxiang Fu/ Comprehensive
Demonstration
Liaoning Province/
2014ZX072030
09
Key technology and comprehensive
demonstration of improving aquatic
environment quality of the main stream
in Hai River/
Tianjin University/ Min Ji/ Comprehensive
Demonstration
Tianjin City/
2014ZX072030
10
Research and demonstration of key
technology for water quality security and
ecological restoration in water resources
regulation and storage area of Hai River
catchment/
Beijing Water Science & Technology
Institute/
Qingyi Meng/ Comprehensive
Demonstration
Beijing/
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
38/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
35
2014ZX072160
01
R&D and industrialization of plant
equipment for high-quality reclaimed
water and water purification/
OriginWater/
(http://www.originwater.com/)
Richeng Dai/ Industrialization
2013ZX07502 Research and demonstration programme
of monitoring technology system for
catchment aquatic ecology/
China National Environmental Monitoring
Centre (CNEMC)/
Yeyao Wang/( specialist member in theme five)
(http://www.cnemc.cn/publish/totalWebSite/news/news_1
7.html)
2014ZX075020
02
Demonstration of technology
development and business operation
system for the monitoring and intelligent
management of national aquatic
environment/
China National Environmental Monitoring
Centre (CNEMC)/
Tingliang Liu/ Common/ Generic
Technology
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
39/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
36
Table 13. Technology research and demonstration for managing urban water pollution and comprehensive treatment of aquatic environment call /
(funded by the MEP)
Programme Name Project Call NameExpenditure (Million RMB)
Central Local
Technology research and comprehensive demonstration of
water pollution management and aquatic environment
treatment in Chao Lake catchment/
Research and comprehensive demonstration of improving the quality of urban water
environment in Chaohu City/65 Has to be no less than 65.
Technology integration and comprehensive application
demonstration of aquatic environment improvement in Y ixing
City/
1. Technology research and comprehensive demonstration of optimizing drainage system,
and reducing and managing the pollutants in the industrial cluster area/
70 Has to be no less than 105.
2. Technology research and comprehensive demonstration of aquatic environment
improvement of the urban core area/65 Has to be no less than 90.5.
3. Technology research and comprehensive demonstration of securing aquatic environment
quality in urbanized new area/65 Has to be no less than 90.5.
Technology research and comprehensive demonstration of
urban water pollution management and aquatic environment
treatment in Tien Lake (or Dian Chi) catchment/
Technology development and project demonstration of water quality improvement low
environment impact in Neicaohai (part of Tien Lake) water system/
60 Has to be no less than 60.
Research and demonstration on system planning and
management technology of urban aquatic environment/
Research and demonstration of regulatory system, and support technology for the
treatment of urban water pollutants/20 N/A
Technology integration of the management of urban water
pollutants and comprehensive treatment/remediation ofaquatic environment/
Technology integration of the management of urban water pollutants and comprehensive
treatment/remediation of aquatic environment/
22 N/A
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
40/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
37
Table 14. Technology research and demonstration of securing drinking water safety/ (funded by the MEP)
Programme Name Project Call NameExpenditure (Million RMB)
Central Local
Management technology integration and
capability development of securing drinking
water safety/
1. Research into monitoring technology of water quality from the source to the tap, and the
standardization of the drinking water/20 N/A
2. Development demonstration of monitoring and managing technology of municipal water supply
systems, and its business operation platform/45 Has to be no less than 67.5.
Technology integration and comprehensive
demonstration of securing drinking water
safety in key r iver catchments/
1. Research on the emergency water supply technology, and demonstration of emergency
capability development in the key areas/40 Has to be no less than 15.
2.Research on pollutant characteristics of water source and security strategy of the drinking water
safety in key r iver catchments/ 45 N/A
3. Technology integration and comprehensive demonstration of water supply in urban and rural
areas of Jiangsu Province/60 Has to be no less than 120.
4. Research and demonstration of the technology of optimizing the dispatch of water supply from
the water source, and securing the water quality in Chaohu City/
50 Has to be no less than 100.
5. Technology system development of securing the safety water supply for the rural, and its large-
scale application in key river catchments/35 Has to be no less than 35.
Generic technology innovation and
application demonstration of securing
drinking water safety/
1. Research and demonstration of technology of refactoring the microcirculation of water system in
architecture/40 Has to be no less than 60.
2. Research and demonstration of key technology for intelligent management system of urban
water supply pipeline network/45 N/A
3. Research and application of original technology for r emoving special pollutants (e.g. organic
pollutants like chlorinated solvents, and radionuclides) in drinking water/
80 Has to be no less than 80.
7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges
41/78
DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges
38
Table 15. MEP Generalist Evaluators for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control
Name Institution Job Title Segregation of Duty Field
Wei Meng/
(http://www.craes.cn/cn/kydw/yszj.html )
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental
Sciences/
Academician of Academy of
Engineering /
Chief Engineer/ P rofessional
Technical Persona in Charge/
/
Environmental Science/
Jining Chen/
(http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/th/6176/i
ndex.html )
Tsinghua University/Professor/(Chancellor of
Tsinghua University)Deputy Chief Engineer/
Environmental System
Analysis/
Yisheng Shao/(No Profile)China Academy of Urban Planning & Design/
Researcher/ Deputy Chief Engineer/
Water Resources and
Top Related