Biofuels and food security interactions
Institutions, innovation and consequences of InactionBiofuels and food security interactions
Carlo Hamelinck
2014 11 20
© ECOFYS | | Biofuels and food security interactions
Recap: Why bioenergy?
> Renewable and sustainable– Regrows– Reduces greenhouse gas emissions– (After initial carbon investment and payback period)
> Versatile– Can provide base and peak load electricity– Complementary to other renewable energy sources– Many different energy products: power, heat, fuels– Paves the road to biobased materials & chemicals– Only near term option for heavy transport, shipping, aviation
> Cost effective– Competitive with other renewable energy sources and with fossil– Works with existing infrastructure– Connects to existing business
> Secures energy supply– Many types of feedstock, including waste streams– Locally and globally available, sometimes abundant– Saves on oil import costs, diverts from oil states
> Rural development– Employment opportunities along supply chain– Synergy with other agriculture
2014 11 20
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Sustainable worldcannot do without bioenergy
> World bioenergy potential ranges from <50 to >1000 EJ/yr in various studies (IPCC)
> Question should NOT be: how much can we get sustainable?
> RATHER: How can we sustainably produce as much as possible?
2014 11 20 Biofuels and food security interactions
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Responsible project development
> Addax Bioenergy started cane ethanol production May 2014
– 10,000 hectares + outgrowers
– 85 million litres ethanol for international market
– 15 MW electricity for national grid (20% of Sierra Leone’s demand)
– Workforce 2,750 people
> Governance with international standards
– Certified for Roundtable for Sustainable Biomaterials
– Clean Development Mechanism under UNFCCC
– Complies with sustainable development guidelines of the AfDB and IFC
> Additional Farmer Development Programme (FDP):
– 2400 hectares of rice fields for 53 communities
– Addax Bioenergy has trained >2400 local farmers (65% women)
Biofuels and food security interactions
[Photo’s: courtesy of Sandström / Addax]
2014 11 20
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Tanzania: elements of biofuels policy framework
> Governance :
– Include stakeholders in national Biofuels Technical Advisory Board
– Improved attention to land acquisition process
– Improved attention to Environmental Impact Assessment
– Monitor projects, learn and adapt
– Capacity building all levels – especially communities
> Careful development
– Not too fast, not too large (20 kha), not too long
– First careful selection viable projects – then intensive guidance
> Improve agricultural system
– Access to know-how (schools, extension workers)
● Obligatory 30% smallholder inclusion
– Access to means (machinery, agro chemicals)
– Access to markets (logistics, co-operatives, auctions)
Biofuels and food security interactions
[Photo’s by Hamelinck]
2014 11 20
© ECOFYS | |
Requirements to biofuels in western marketsReduce and avoid Indirect Land Use Change
• Use of fallow or degraded lands
• Yield increase above trendline
• Use of residues with limited current uses
• Sustainable intensification of land use
• Aquatic biomass production
• Methodology for cost-effective certification
• Of low/no ILUC biofuels
• For use in policy and certification schemes
• Tested (Brazil, Indonesia, Mozambique, S-Africa)
• Currently tested in the European Union
• Developed by WWF, Ecofys, RSB
Low ILUC approachesLow Indirect Impact Biofuels (LIIB) is
Biofuels and food security interactions
IndonesiaOil palm on unused land
+
BrazilIntegrate cane with cattle farming
2014 11 20
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