s

t

l NEWS ANDVIEWS OF FARM E SYL

tICowrlclit 1000 by Atoclatc Parm Prcfu Chicago

t

Il BITTER AND ROPY MILK

The Source and Nature of theI

Sacteria Which Make Theser

Conditions Possible

2 Wt

I

BY t A nOGECS-Vuitali States Bureau of Animal Industr7-

TluiI j clstlnct taste which some-times

¬

appears In milk may be causedby 1 certain weeds that the cow lotseaten 2 an abnormal condition of theudder 3 an advanced period of lacta-tion

¬

I or 4 tho action of certain bac-

teria¬

Only tho fourth causo of bit-

ter¬

milk will be discussed In thisI

paperII Is probable that tho bacteria caus-

ing¬

bitterness are not at all uncommon-andI that they could bo found In manylots of milk showing no bitterness

Somo of these bacteria form acid andsour the milk the more common forms

I however form little acid and arechecked by tho growth of tho lacticacid bacteria

Nearly all of thorn form spores andI

thus survive heating which destroystho lactic aold bacteria For this rea-

son¬

bitterness has bcen most frequent-ly

¬

observed In pasteurized and Imper-fectly

¬

sterilized milkThe few remaining pores germinate

I and as they aro unhindered by thopresence of lactic acid bacteria theysoon reach unusual number and thebitter flavor appears

Bitter milk may appear asm epi-

demic¬

persisting day after day andcausing great trouble This may bodue to somo constant localized sourceof Infection which adds each day un ¬

usual numbers of bacteria to the milkIn somo cases It has been found that

tho udder of a cow was Infected Thlsshould be determined by carefullycleaning tho udders of nil cows andmilking from each quarter of tho udder-of each cow Into fruit Jars or bottleswhich have previously been cleanedwith boiling water

In case one of these samples showsn welldeveloped bitterness while oth-ers

¬

remain normal It may bo assumedthat the source of Infection Is the ud-der of the cow In that case thereshould be Injected into the udder aftereach milking a solution of one part ofhyposulphite of soda In 100 parts ofwater-

It Is possible In many cases that thesource of Infection Is not localized Ifthrough some combination of circum-stances

¬

tho lactic acid bacteria are

t suppressed other kinds become pre ¬

dominant-The utensils the milk room and the

stable gradually become inoculatedwith these bacteria or their spores andeach now lot of milk is thoroughly In ¬

oculatedTho bittermilk bacteria may be one

of the new forms In this event it may-be necessary after thoroughly clean-ing

¬

everything coming in contact withthe milk to Introduce some good sourmilk from a neighboring dairy-

In this way the normal fermenta-tion

¬

may be restored and tho objection-able

¬

bacteria suppressedRopy milk Is so far as known In no

way detrimental to health Tho fa-

mOus¬

Edam cheese Is nearly all madefrom milk which has undergone thisfermentation-

Most people however object seri-ously

¬

to milk with any tendency toform threads This trouble frequentlyaffects the milk of a dairy day afterday and Is removed only by tho mostdrastic measures

Outbreaks of this nature frequentlyoccur la the cold months because thebacteria of this group thrive better atlow temperatures than the lacticacidbacteria which hold them In check un ¬

der normal conditions-In one case It was found that these

bacteria were abundant in the dust ofthe stable The trouble was removed-by thoroughly cleaning and white-washing

¬

In another serious and persistent outbrcak it was found that the milk asIt came from the dairy contained fewor no ropy milk bacteria but theywere abundant In the water lank Inwhich tho milk was held overnight

The small amount of water occa-sionally

¬

splashed into the cans add-ed sufilclcnt bacteria to make the milkropy In a comparatively short time

Tho utensils and floor had become-so thoroughly Impregnated with thisorganism that milk exposed In theroom or strained through the wirestrainer became ropy without contam-ination

¬

with the waterThe trouble was removed thor-

oughly¬

scalding all the utensils dis ¬

infecting the floor with a C per centsulphuric acid solution and destroy ¬

ing the organisms In the Ice water byadding potassium bichromateIn theproportion of one part to 1000 partsof water

t

FACTS WORTH KNOWING

The first English bushel measure wasfixed at eight gallons of wheat during-the reign of Henry VIII Tho bushelnow legal was regulated by parliamentIn 1S24 and Is the same In the UnitedStates

Butter is never used by the GreeksRomans orChlnese oil being preferredIn Afrlra at Kebba vegetable butter Intrade from the fruit of the rhea treearid JK said to be of richer taste thanany butter made from cows milk

When mourning for their dead theIsraelites neither washed nor anointedthemselves Greeks and Roman fAstedIn Europe they Wear black in Chinawhite In Turkey violet and In Ethiopiabrown

Washington monument In Washing ¬ton D C ia till highest structure ofIts kind Irr the world except the Eiffeltower in Paris It cost 1200000 IIIK a white obelisk 555 feet In heightthe brujo is 65 foot square and the willsare 15 feet thick It In built of crystalMaryland marble lighted by electricityand han a stairway of 800 steps andalso an elevator which rises in sevenminutes

Cattle were first brought to Americaby Columbus on his second voyageTobacco was Introduced Into Englandby Sir Walter Raleigh in ISSC potatoes were also carried to England byRaleigh

Wedding rings were first used by theancients And put upon ho third fingerof the loft band from a Supposed con ¬nection of a vein there with the heartThey wtro first made of Iron Weddingrings In England arc of standard toldby statute 1SOG

i Spraying the cown will dlncourneoi the files and keep up the milk supply

Too much troublo Well trouble ofI this kfnd usually pays bit

JUNE WORKING NOTES

Notice little white spots on the pearleaves This Is leaf blight Bordeauxsprayed about three weeks after theblossoms fall and twlco more at In-

tervals¬

of about two weeks will pre-

vent¬

it-

The leafeating Insects are busy Inthe orchard now Give them earlsgreen

The June heat Is the most enervatingof the season Go slow with the horsesanti take It easy yourself till hardenedto the work

Now the sprouts on tho trees aresprouting vigorously Better rub themoff now than cut them later

When you plant canteloupes sow ahit of radish or turnip seed in the hillThese will como up first and keep thebugs busy till the vines get a start

Dont neglect to plant sweet corn attoast three times six Is bettor

Now Is a good time to give tho poul-

try¬

houses a thorough cleaning not apartial oneand whltpwash Mitesthrive In hot weather

Remember that flies breed In filthand dust and carry more disease thanrats Clean up every breeding placeand screen them out of the house anddairy-

It Is a mistake to let bee hives standin the hot sun Place them under asheltering tree or vine with a good cir-

culation¬

of airIf you do not have a hive ready tho

bees will surprise you by swarmingwhen you are time busiest and you mayloso them

Milk Is plentiful now and tho hensought to havo their full share of It

If you have no range for tho poul-

try¬

you must give them green stun allsummer Sharp grit toonot sand

Bettor burn nil the old berry cratesFruit In nice clean boxes will bring aprice enough bettor to pay for the lossof tho old crates

If the cabbage root maggot is atwork fit a piece of tarred paper closeabout the base of the plants It willhelpDust

the climbing roses with sulphurearly in the morning while the dew Ison to prevent mildew-

If you grow late maturing crops In

the peach orchard they will keep thewood growing too into to make themsafe for winter Clean up the groundthis month

BEES ARE INTERESTING

The most important product ob-

tained¬

from bees is tho honey This-Is scarcely different from tho nectar assecreted by flowers the honey fromdifferent plants being so little changed-by the process of storage and curingIll the hive that tho honey from eachkind of plant retains Its particularcolor tad flavor In collecting andstoring It the bees simply pump it Intotho honey sack and from this it Isforced back through the proboscis anddeposited in the cells of comb In thehive

Wax Is a product of the bees andIs produced from glands and is usedIII tho formation of comb The archi-tecture

¬

of

depend

LJ-Vl9 2

4

IPJ tt

1-

d

In Antenna or feeler 1 Tongueb Spoon of the tongue

HEAD 01 A HONEY DUE MANY TIMESMAGNIFIED

cot upon a particular kind of materialproduced by tho bee Itself and Is dis-tinctly

¬

different from the Structuresbuilt by ants or wasps which useearth or wood or some material readyat hand for their processes of buildIng In another way bees are veryImportant to the human species be-

cause¬

marry plantssuch as the appletree clover etcare dependent uponthem for pollination and without theirassistance the crops might he muchreduced Herbert Osborn Professor ofZoology Ohio State University

DORSET SHEEP

SS-

tI

f f5Zr ti-

The Dorsots are very popular asfwlrilamb bearers and are a hardybreed

CATTLE KILL MORNING GLORIES

Clean cultivation Irr a morning gloryInfected held Is not only costly but impracticable as In the rush of tho har-vest

¬

there is no time to hoc the fieldby hand

A hatter way than to cultivate clean-Is to pasture such a field with cattlethey arc fond of the leaves und vinesand will not allow tho roots to sendout a mass of long Inlorlwlnlng vinesbut will nip the plant cloao to theground killing the vitality of the rootsIn ono or two seasons

Another wuy Is lo seed such a fieldIn grass Thin should be sown with anurse crop which ought to be cut forhay The next years hay crop willcontain very few morning glory vinosthe third nono provided the grassesused contained a good proportion ofsuch grasses as red top orchard Rrasaor bluegrass The grasses kill the pet

STOCK EAT PRICKLY PEARS

Results of Experiments Made-

at New Mexico ExperimentStation Show This

BY PROFESSOR m F HARENow Halloo Experiment Station

The Increased use of the prickly pearthe llatjolnted members of the genus

opuntlu us tufa for all classes of ru-minants

¬

especially for range and dairycattle makes It important for the pro ¬

per preparation of a ration that thefeeder know how much digestible nu-trients

¬

to expect from feeding a givenquantity of tho plant either alomp ormixed with other feeding stuffs

Experiments seem to show that whenprickly pear Is fed with cured foddersor grains tho digestibility of both isIncreased

Tho nutritive ratio Is very wldo forthis feed and In feeding It to allclasses of animals for whatever pur-pose much better results should beobtained when It Is fed with some sub-stance

¬

of high protein contentThe steers experimented upon sel-

dom¬

drank water when fed pricklypear alone In fact in feeding a ra

A FOR

above a duel house water Is an admirable plan forwater on their farms

lion of 100 pounds of this feed perday the animals obtained front time

feed over eight gallons of water whichIs moro than was usually dranlt bythem when fed cured foddors alone

While no digestion weremade with any of the cacti other than

pear the digestion coefficientsof the latter could probably be safelyused for all other members of thisfamily since their andother arc similar

Animals scour quite badly when fedprickly pear alone besides other feedsare needed to supply the properamount of of for these rea-

sons¬

It is better not to feed it alone-A ration for a 1000pound milch cow

of fifty pounds of prickly pear tenpounds of wheat bran and ten poundsof alfalfa would furnish about the cor ¬

rect theoretical amount of nutrientsin which the ratio of to ¬

would be 1 to G 46

LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE-

F W Fane the state forester is In ¬

viting the people of toturn over their waste lands to thestate to bo reforested Thp owner Is

given the privilege of buying back theland In ten years for the actual cost ofthe put on by the stateplus a low rate of Interest The statesew out seedlings on these tracts ofswamp or other waste places and care-fully

¬

and protects then un ¬

til they are ten years oldBut It Isnt the Now Idea

of thrift to do something for nothing-nor Is going Into theforestry business for her health Her

estimate good profits from theIndustry not as big perhaps as theygot from hogs and alfalfa out west butstill good comforting profits

They deal figures out something likethis An acre of good timber at fortyyears is worth 300 The stolenearly 3000000 acres of forests andwaste land leaving out the parks andit Is figured that If these 3000000acres forty years from now arc cov-

ered¬

with nice trees they will bo worthsomething around 000000000

Of course much of the timber willhave some tangible value after fiveyears growth from tho seedling butthe big results will come after prettymuch all the timber in adjoining states

unless they wake bo goneAt any rate the of Massachu-

setts¬

me beginning to up and takenoticeas they always do at any soundlute a dollar and the reforestationscheme seems to bo pretty firmlygrounded

SOME POULTRY YARD HELPS

the earliest host pullets forwinter layers If ono or two are notso thrifty as the rout get rid of them

Keep your chicks tame It Is a nui-sance

¬

to have to use a shotgun toatch a chicken chicks

have this advantage they are accus-tomed

¬

to being handled and are inverrendered through frlghL

Chicks as surely as people arecreatures of habit Feed always In thosame place and as nearly as possibleat the same time and they will rarelyfall to como at the call

Count your flocks aH you feed Amissing one may he and and rescuedfrom sumo trouble Ifjt IB looked for atonce

If there Is a nronrtow adjoining thepoultry yard do nol worry If tho chicksstray Into It They will thrive on thehugs mud and are socompletely by grass thatthe hawks make small ravngen Butho sure that they arc shut up whenthe grass Is wet or time mowing machineabout to be used

Strips of cloth tied on theof trees near the poultry yard will do

I much at away hawk

THE BRACE THAT HOLDS-

BY j w oRirrof WARSAW IYMaterial for the brace If sawed stuff

should be 2 by 6 inches if poles areused they should be heavy enough to1111 time notches In corner and braceposts

First cut for tho brace In theposts then set corner or end post good

i

Q

i

v< 6 rr

I

I

and deep tamp well Next set bracopost six feot from end post Cut thebraces two of them fasten a plcco ofInch board between at each end tem-porarily

¬

nail the braces lightly tohold solid white wiring them to theposts Take somo of the fence wireand wrap several times as shown In

the cut After the fence Is up putan Inch block between each two wiresbetween the braces

shows runs farmershave

prickly

officials

has

Sato

notches

THE PEAR

Tine first three or torn years aftersetting It is best to cultivate the pearorchard In vegetables of some sortbut never in wheat or rye The veget ¬

able crops require both manure andcultivation which benefit the youngpear trees

When the pear tree makes a finegrowth the fifth year the orchard canbe put In clover and left two or threeyears in that crop

The crop of clover may betaken off but the second crop shouldnever be taken off but should be leftto rot on tho ground to enrich time soil

While the pear orchard Is In cloverIt is beneficial to lice or grub aroundeach tree nthe spring and keep thesoil loose around It this destroysmall Insects and also keeps them fromnesting there

Each spring and fall wash down thetrunks and larger limbs of the treeswith a solution of soft soap and waterabout half and This will destroyInsects and keep the bark smooth andhealthy

Keep down all suckers from aroundthe roots and remove all sprouts froththe trunks The pear however needsbut little pruning if the trees make astrong and growth for sev ¬

eral years unless there Is ato grow too much in height at theexpense of the width

Low meads are more desirable How-ever

¬

when prunlrrg Is necessary Itshould be done to conform to the hab ¬

its and natural shape of the treeR B

RAIL FENCE

Among the promising forms of farm-ers

¬

Is Insurance ThereIs no reason why life and tire insur-ance

¬

should not be conducted with teemondoriH benefit and profit to share-holders

¬

If Is work for the Nationalgrange

Tine community that will not main-tain

¬

good roads does not deserve thebenefits of rural route postal delivery-

If a railroad train kllla a man or hishorses or cows the company has topay the damages Owners of automo-biles

¬

should he held equally liableJames J Hill to preach

soil wherever ho goes It isgood gospel and cannot bo too whAolyspread

Young man better a successfulfarmer lhari all unsuccessful cliVk In1 city store

Here Is something for every farmboy to consider It Is a fact that onlyone out of every 300 fume buys who goto the cities rtes above the drudgeryof clerkship with Us poor pay anddownright Blavory

APPLE

About the only use most of us makeof our sprayers is to kill potato hugsind chicken lice At one time thowriter was of the opinion time

spraying of trees was too munch troubleI havo twentyfive apple trees manyof which are old In lire nine yours Ihave lived on the place I have hud veryfew upplcH that were not wormy Alargo percentage always dropped offand rotted Last year I sprayed thotrees when they wore In full blossomwing Bordeaux and London purple Ittook mo about two hours I sprayedthem Inside and out and was surprisedat the results The Ijuves stayed greenuntil late In the fall A very small per-centage

¬

of tho apples and Ifound only two that wero wormy

Cull out the young roosters for broil-ers

¬

as soon as they are ready Thoywill never sell for so much again andwill but consume food that could betterbo used on another brood of chicksBessie L Putnam

USE FOR GORNSTALK-

SGovernments Experiments forPaper Out of

Likely to Bet T

Professor B T of tho Ag ¬

rlcultural JDepartmenl at Washingtonwho has been experimenting withcornstalks as a material for maklnqpaper announces that great progresshas been achieved thong this lineWhile he does tint say that the experi ¬

ments so far prove that the thing H

actually and Is a com-

mercial¬

success ho Is very hopeful thatIt will work out satisfactorily-

The paper workers arc greatly Inter-ested

¬

In the experiments because if II

turns out that this great product oltho farm can he turned Into good paper-It will UHVO a marked effect on thepaper making

Cornstalks arc about the cheapestproduct grown on the farm and whilenot entirely useless as stock food mil-

lions¬

of acres arc allowed to go en-tirely

¬

to wasto every yearPapermaking wood Is becoming

somewhat scarce although there Is msuch feline In the northern woods a

SPLENDIDLY BREEDING HOUSE DUCKS

The with wireseparated This whorunning

experiments

compositioncharacteristics

protolds

protcids car-

bohydrates

Massachusetts

improvements

cultivates

England

Massachusetts

upwillpeople

and

Incubator

unmanageable

grasshopperoorshadowcd

branches

frightening

ORCHARD

first

half

vigoroustendency

Rushing

PHILOSOPHY

organizations

continuesfertility

SPRAYING TREES

Unit

dropped

NEW

Making TheseValuable

Galloway

accomplished

Industry

ARRANGED

sonic alarmists would have us believeIf however the government succeedsin making good paper out of cornsUilks the wood will last longer andthe price of paper will not be advancedto a point whore Its use would neces ¬

sarily be restrictedThe government has done many

great things for the benefit of time

farmers but if the cornstalk experi-ments

¬

prqvc successful tins achieve-ment

¬

will rank among the most ben-eficial

¬

It will be a great day when thefarmer can read the news printed onpaper made from tho cornstalks grownIn his own field

LITTLE HELPS FOR FARMERS WIFEi

Never wash tan or brown hose Inhot water or In writer that has beenused for other clothes Use tepid wa-ter

¬

and whte soap washing carefullywith the hunds rinse thoroughly andhang at once to dry and they will re ¬

tain their colors-A basin of cold water placed In an

oven that Is too hot when baking willbring down lire temperature morequickly and to better purpose than byleaving the oven door open-

A vessel of boiling vinegar kept oirthe stove when cooking cabbage on ¬

ions or other vegetables will counter-act

¬

the odor which Is often offensivewhen the house Is closed

Kerosene is excellent to clean en ¬

ameled bath tubs marble wash bowlsor marble tables Rinse well withstrong soap suds to destroy the odorof the kerosene

Upholstered furniture should neverbe beaten directly upon the coveringLay heavy cloths on top and then beatremoving tho cloths frequently and-shaking well This wilt prevent time

dust from rising and scattering andwill preserve tho covering

Never put hot food of any kind intoa refrigerator or meats or poultrywithout a plate under thorn Neitherleave meats wrapped In tho papers inwhich they aro brought from market

Aunt Emily

SEPARATORS AND CALVES

There Is no doubt but that calves doexceedingly well on separated milkThe calf that sucks tho cow will dowell until weaning time comes but thecalf unit gets its warm fresh sep-

arated¬

rnllk will llourlsh the whole yearround For the sake of a few morepounds of butter the calf Is oftenstarted to a gaunly urrslglrlly lltilndwarf and never conies to maturityand Is always poor property to Itsowner By allowing It fresh warmrnllk font the separator you will haven big strong calf in such a conditionthat will give the best results for theextra care and labor the samo as otherstock kept in a thriving conditionSweet Kklrnrned niilk makes bono andsinew for the calf We are lookingafter lly calf that Is U bo raised tomaturity and there are cheaper foodsthan 2Gccnt butter fat upon which toraise calves That It hey centrifu-gal

¬

crcum separators If you do nothavo one already and feed your calvestho milk as soon us run through theseporator while It yet contains theanimal heat and In the condition Justsuited to thq nqedH of the coif We be-

lieve¬

Urat nvery former who keeps frownthreo to ten good cows and wishes togrow tined calves will find It to his ad-vantage

¬

to buy a good cream separator-and use It Intelligently

The Missouri state legislature ap-propriates

¬

4000 biennially for thestate poultry shows and for promotingtime Intercuts of tho hen and limn resultIs seer by tine greater attention which-Is taping paid to raising thoroughbredpoultry and the Increase In value ofthcbarnyard products In that state

EDITORIAL DICTUM

Many claim that travel Is apt tomake a man discontented but withme travel breeds contentment A tripirnong fellow farmers In other sec-

tions¬

shows me how I may Improve myown methods The more I travelamong successful farmers the morethoroughly I am convinced that It ismoro In the man than In the farm orlocation I havo seen men on eastern I

farms that were naturally thin soilwho wen making good mqney on their I

Investments while on the other hand I-

have seen men who were losingmoneyevery year on some of the most fertllofarms of tine west It is limo mania morethan the location

Ever know a man to scrub his hogsunless ho was Intending to talc themto a state fair Will I have 1 havea friend In central Ohio who keeps hishogs as clean as his Jersey cows lIedeclarer If two lots of lungs arc treatedalike in every respect except that onelot receives thorough scrubbing withsoap suds once In a while there willbe a marked difference In favor of thehogs that aro washed when the timefor slaughloring comes A clean bedof straw with a dry house so as to af-ford

¬

them comfort at night will alsopromote thrift and growth There may-be something In that argument-

s Certainly a hog cannot he too clean-If he tried I do know that naturallya hog Is a pretty clean sort of animalstud he enjoys a bath as much as nman does If the hog Is considered II

filthy animal that devours mutiny foodIt Is because of the treatment givenHors will select clean and wholesome-food always If given time opportunityto do so

rho tine Is not far distant whenpeople will place a higher estimateupon the value of skin milk as a hu-man

¬

food Marry of our sclcnllflc menhave devoted muiSh study and attention to this phase of tile dairy busi ¬

ness until the have solved the prob-lem

¬

of preserving this liquid food Ina solid form and already there are anumber of powdered milk plants Inoperation and the demand for thoproduct is rapidly Increasing

MAKE BUTTER FREE FROM STREAKS-

To prevent the streaks In butterwhich are so annoying to dairymenwino sometimes experience this troubletine butter should be taken from time

churn when It Is In tho form of snailgrains not larger than buckwheat ker-nels

¬

The buttermilk should then bostrained off and clear water fresh andcold poured on time product througha strainer until tho water runs quiteclear of buttermilk

Then put tho butter In a howl orworker and spread It sufilclcntly thinso that fine pure salt may be sprinkledevenly over It

Turn In the edges and press Urn but ¬

ter without drawing the ladle over ItI but simply pressing it to get out the

surplus water and cut It In pieces withthe edge of time ladle

Pour off whatever water runs from-It then cover with a clean cloth and

rr

tt-

II qtr rf 0-

orFirst prize Holstein calf owned by J

Br Iroem Minneapolis Minn

set it away in a cool dark place Ina few hours the salt will dissolve thosurplus brine drain off and the saltbecomes absorbed all through It

When this stage has been reachedwork It over by pressure only until ItIs as dry as can bo made then moldIt Into rolls or cakes or pack It Intopalls or tubs

In time latter case press the butter Insolidly and pour aver It a Ilttle waterwhich then pour off and sprlnkle a lit ¬

tle sail over It-Exposurelo light when tho butter is

set away to drain after salting is onecause of streaks In butter Also limeinn hard water which is used in wash-ing

¬

tho butter or impurities in cheapsalt are wellknown agents In bleach-ing

¬

butterJ H Vincent-

PERPETUATING A FOREST

In 1S02 tho first example of syste-matic

¬

forestry In tho United Staleswas begun at Blltmore N C It Is stillin successful operation In felling tree

greal care Is exercised to prevent un-necessary

¬

Injury to young trees orcrushing in Us fall the seedlings onwhich the future of the forest depends

ACQUIRING HONEY BEES-

A farmer who always has a numberof beo hives has been losing a numberwhen they would swarm Ho took anempty hive and placed It 10 feet high-on ono of time large oaks growing Inhis forest The bees discovered thehive and he soon had a hive of bees-In it Unit he would have lost hud honut placed that box In the tree If

ou irate no bees und want to tart Inhone growing put up a small hive Inone of tho largest trees about yourhome This plan has been known tosucceed a number of times In captur-ing

¬

a lost swarm of honeymakers

Burdock that great pest Is a hardthing to kill but salt will do the JobCut off tho plant just above the surfacebefore It Goes to seed and drop a hand-ful

¬

of coarse salt on the spot

GLOVER ON SANDY LOAM

Especially Valuable as a Rot1

tion Crop and Will GrowNearly Everywhere

f u u

BY C M MILLER

A farmer in Scdgwlck county txisos who says ha Is afraid to try ulfolio because some of his neighbors I JJhave not been successful with It wantsto know whether clover would notbetter on his soil which he describesas a good block loam a little sandy-I havo never tried clover he writesbut I notice that lt prows In places

along tho roads In the vicinity myfarm

There can bo no doubt that cloverwill do well on good black loam alittle because the growth ofvagrant clover alongside proves thatthe proper bacteria arc present in thesoil

Clover Is a great crop for a rota-tion

¬

and wo suggest tho followingCorn wheat and clover or when it-

s desired to grow a cash or marketcrop such as potatoes beans and cab-

bage¬

tho rotation may be lengthenedand tho crop will thus receive thobenefits from the rotation and be han ¬

dled with the samo labor and teamsrequired to perform the general farmswork thus decreasing the cost of pro-

duction¬

and eliminating the fertilizerbills

Clover sould bo grown every thirdor fourth year or where this cropfalls some other legume should boutilized Of nil tho plants with whichwe are acquainted clover seems to bo I

endowed with a power to recuperatesoli more than others-

It Is superior to other grasses be-

cause¬

It sends Its roots down deeperthus feeding upon mineral and vege-table

¬

substances In the soil that areout of reach of the surface feedingplants It also increases the nitrogenand humus content of tho soil and Is V-

an excellent food for all kinds of live-

stockr

I

There Is no forage crop exceptingalfalfa that possesses as many valu ¬

able qualities as our common redclover All ruminants prefer It toother hay-

Clover thrives on almost all forrrnof soil and It Is especially valuableon sandy soil an It draws Its nourish ¬

ment from tho subsoil and from thoatmosphere and brings back to thesurface many soluble elements of fer-tility

¬

that havo been washed downthrough the soil by learning

Alfalfa ought to grow well on thisKansas farm and simply because someother farmers have not succeeded with-It is no reason why our young friendshould not try it Sow on high or roll-Ing land well drained In a perfectseed bed thirty pounds to the acreand it ought and doubtless will tlo-

well It Is successfully grown innearly all of the eastern states hit Isparticularly well adapted to westernsoils

GOOD MONEY IN BEANS

Thero Is good profit In White fieldbeaus anti they arc a pretty sure cropIf the soil is too rich the vines willgrow rank or if the soil is loose andgravelly there will be dllllcully In re-

taining¬

sufficient moisture A goodloam corn land is the right soil I

use beans In a four > car rotationtwoyears clover one year corn followed-by beans

Plow after corn planting Is done andmake a good fine seed bet Plantingoccurs May 16 to July 1 perhaps themost being planted In the first halt ofJune I use from onohalf to llrreofourths of a bushel per acre 1 drill-in rows US inches apart

Up to the time of blossoming thocultivation of beans la practically thesamo as for corn It must be frequentto destroy tho weeds and preserve thesurface mulch thereby conserving thomoisture of the lower soil The branchroots are so far developed at the ifof blossoming that further cultivation-will hurt rather than help the crop Itis a good plan to plant a part of thocrop early and a part late as cultiva-tion

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and harvesting are better dis-tributed

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and leaves days of scarcityof farm help This is a valuable fea-ture

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Fertilizing Is an Important smatterIn raising beans If tho soil Is too poor-It will not raise good beans and Itwill not do to apply barnyard manuredirectly to tho crop It pays better toapply manure a year In advance and Ifthe farmer will give this crop properattention ho will lied It will give himas great returns for money and time iInvested as anything he can ralseEJ-J Grlfiln Michigan

BUCKWHEAT AS A CATCH CROP

We sometimes lose our seeding Intho oats or wheat and rather than re-

seed wo plow the ground as soon at Lou

tho harvest as possible and now tbuckwheat Buckwheat Is an oxhaustlve crop but I occasionally use It t

further my grass seeding plans I hat i

never failed In getting a good catch ogiass or clover though sometimebuckwheat kills In malting a good cropWhen weeds grow in tho wheat stub I

bio after harvest you may be sure thatho clover seed Is gone It takes onl

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about sixty days for buckwheat tgrow and ripen It will usually yield10 to UO bushels per acre so It pays Pwell for the labor Involved and at UK esumo time makes a lino shade and f Itprotection for young grass nod clover psown at the same lime with buck-wheat

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I sow about thrco pecks peracre with IfiO pounds of phosphate flMuch nitrogen Is leached through tho Vsoil If here Is not somo growing crop to Bpreserve It Buckwheat consumes but i

a small amount of nitrogen while theclover gathers an abundance of this Lnecessary clement E S Ieasey ftMichigan 21

Potatoes uro ono of the best crops for Ua dairy farmer to grow as a cash ormarket crop They are easy to raiseM9st of the work can bo done wit Utin 7mrnon rniiv ilnoiy user for otrc 1

afarm work and tho world of harvcxrt arcomes after tho other fall work Is t2tEcompleted When we are buying com-mercial

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feedstuffs we are apt to corrrout behind unless we plan to pay fora large amount of this feed from lie Vimoney received from somo other sourcethan the dairy Dairying In a goodsafe business but I dont believe It Is paalways for our hest interests to devoidnil of our time and attention to 0110 1 faW

thing find sacrifice all other profitablepossibilities of our farms

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