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A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
SUBMITTED BY
.
Project in Charge Head of Department
External Examiner
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INDEX
NEED FOR COMPUTERIZATION
DISADVANTAGE OF MANUAL SYSTEM
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
SOFTWARE AND HARDWAREREQUIREMENTS
MANUAL SYSTEM
FEASIBILITY STUDY
FACT FINDING TECHNIQUES
ER DIAGRAM
DATA FLOW DIAGRAM DATA PROCESS
DATA DICTIONARY
INPUT OUTPUT SCREENS
SOFTWARE TESTING AND
IMPLEMENTATION
BENEFITS OF THE SYSTEM
DRAWBACKS AND LIMITATIONS
CONCLUSION
BIBLOGRAPHY
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NEED FOR
COMPUTERIZATION
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NEED FOR COMPUTERIZATION
The work that was being carried out with the
help of manual system had to be transferred to the
computer & internet for variety of reasons.
The manual system is slowly being passed out
and all the activities that are being carried out by
manual system are to be taken into care of, by the
computer system.
There were many systems that demanded
computerization but were not being covered by the
manual system.
Actual time required for solution of particular
task takes lot of time but with computer system it is
very fast and easy by using query facility.
In manual system reports, storage, calculation
and other documentation takes more time that
causes delay in processing, so by computerization of
the system this delay processing problem is solved.
In the existing system the user cannot get fast
service, but by computerization it is done much
faster.
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The most important advantage computerization
is that International Business is also possible very
easily.
The computerized system is customer friendly
and saves lot of time and energy of our precious
customer because it eliminates long waiting time
and many more things.
DISADVANTAGES OFMANUAL SYSTEM
1. Though we can store large amount of
data in files, its time consuming.
2. Due to manual system, accuracy
decreases.
3. Speed of work is very slow.
4. Manpower required is more for
maintaining accounts.
5. It is costlier than a computerized
system.
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6. Handling of complex system is very
hard.
Due to these disadvantages we propose a
Computerized Airline Reservation System.
MERITS OF PROPOSED
SYSTEM
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MERITS OF PROPOSEDSYSTEM
MENU DRIVEN AND USER FRIENDLY.
ALL IMPORTANT DATA IS MAINTAINED.
DATA ACCURACY.
UPDATIONS OF FILES ARE DONE.
ALL INFORMATION AT A GLANCE.
LESS PAPER WORK.
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REDUCTION IN MAINTAINENCE &
ORGANIZING COST.
CAN BE ACCESSED ANYTIME AT USERS
PREFERENCE.
SCOPE OF PROPOSED
SYSTEM
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SCOPE OF PROPOSEDSYSTEM
The proposed system is designed by talking
into consideration all the limitations of manual
system. Existing manual system & as per the
requirement suggested by user. It is designed in
such a way that it hold all the information that we
need for data processing & to generate various
reports as per requisition.
Major advantages of proposed system over manual
system are:
1. Time sharing
2. Rapid information processing
3. Accurate report generation
4. Less paper work
5. Fast & reliable information distribution
6. Reduction in cost
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System is designed in Java language, as
per Object Oriented Programming (OOP) package,
used java features such as platform independent. It
is stored in form of tables in OOP files handling in
database.
System is developed using Microsoft Access
which is database management system.
The applications are made user friendly
through java using Swing and reports are displayed
in HTML.
Windows is user friendly Operating System & Hence
it is used for this application in order to facilitate
users.
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PRELIMINARY
INVESTIGATION
PRELIMINARYINVESTIGATION
While designing any system
preliminary investigation is an important & essential
part. Any person related with the system initiates
the request when that request is made, preliminary
investigation starts. The system has its foundation
on preliminary investigation. It has been done by
following techniques:-
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Request Clarification
Feasibility Study
Request Approval
1. Request Clarification: -
Any request initiated by any
person must be examined to determine precisely
what the originator wants, before system
investigation is started.
2. Feasibility Study: -
The feasibility study is useful to
evaluate the cost & benefit of the system requested.
It tries to anticipate future scenarios of software
development.
Types of Feasibility Study:
1. Technical Feasibility
2. Economical Feasibility
3. Operational Feasibility
3. Request Approval: -
The request received from various
people is studied for its feasibility & that request,
which is feasible are approved. After requests are
approved its cost/priority, completion time &
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personal requirements are estimated & project
planning is updated.
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FACT FINDING TECHNIQUES
FACT FINDING TECHNIQUESBefore starting the actual development of
the system, system analyst collects the important
information about manual system from the user
department. In order to collect this information,
system analyst prefers any of the following fact
finding techniques.
There are four types of Fact finding techniques
as follows.
Interview
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Questionnaire
Record Review
Observation
1. Interview: - Analyst uses interview
techniques to collect information of system from
individuals or smaller groups. The respondent is
generally current users of existing system or
potential are proposed system. This technique
requires some more times than the other fact-
finding techniques.
It is important to remember that
the respondent and analyst should converse only
during the interview. Interview techniques allow
analyst to discover the area of misunderstanding
and unrealized expectation and even indication of
resistance to the proposed system.
2. Questionnaire: - The use of questionnaires
allows the analyst to collect the information about
various accept of system, from large number of
person. The use of standardized question format
can yield more reliable greater anonymity for
respondent which can lead to more honest
responses.
Analyst often uses open-ended
questionnaires to learn about feelings, opinion and
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general experiences on to explore a process or
problem.
3. Record Review: - Many kinds of records and
reports can provide analyst valuable information
about organization and operation. In record review
analyst examines information that has been about
system and user.
Record exception can be perform at the
beginning of the study as an introduction or later in
the study as a basis for comparing actual operation
with for the record indicates should be happening.
4. Observation: - Observation allows analyst to
collect the information, they cannot obtain by other
fact finding techniques. Through observation
analyst can obtain first information about how
activities are carried out. This method is most useful
when analyst need to actually observe how
documents are handling, how process are carried
out and weather the specific steps are actual
followed.
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FEASIBILITY STUDY
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Designing of any system includes firststep, which is preliminary investigation. It is
important and essential part on which the whole
system depends. Study of preliminary
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investigation is done through different type of
feasibility studies.
The Feasibility Serves as:
1. To identify the scope of current system to be
studied.
2. To identify the problems and unexploited
opportunities in the current system that may be
manual or automated.
3.To identify the major objectives of the new
system.
4. To estimate roughly the cost of each possible
solution to the user problem and identify that
solution that satisfies the user need within his
budget & schedule.
5. To developed rough estimates of the benefits
and drawback of each solution.
6. To developed outline of how the project may be
carried out with an idea of resources required.
7. To obtain user and management views on all
above procedures.
8. To obtain decision from the user and from the
management onto commit of at least analysis
part of the project.
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The different types of feasibility study
that are carried out during the project
development are as follows.
1. Technical feasibility study:
This is study of hardware, software
Requirement and available manpower. In this
phasecost of hardware, software as well as
technical equipment are considered and found that
whether the required system is technically feasible
for organization or not.
2. Economical Feasibility Study:In this study he benefits of the
system are considered by means actual cost
/benefits analysis. While considering these benefits
system tangible and intangible benefits are also
considered and find out that whether cost is
acceptable or not i.e. to find out the economical
feasibility of purposed system. It consists of one
time cost and recurrent cost.
3. Operational Feasibility Study:
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Operational feasibility of the
system depends on various factors such as the user
friendliness of system, operating case user attitude
towards the same. The system designed in such a
way that it will cope up with the future development
requirement.
The new system being presentable will catch
users attention and interest there by reducing
confusion and resistance. The users satisfaction will
at least determine the proposed systems feasibility.
Operational feasibility study must be carried out
because it is necessary to consult the user to see
whether the proposed system solves the objectives
or not.
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E.R. & DATA FLOW
DIAGRAM
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Entity Relationship (E.R.)Diagram
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DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
The Data Flow Diagram (D.F.D) serves twopurposes:
1.To provide an indication of how data
are transformed as they move throughthe system.2.To depict the functions that transforms
the dataflow. The DFD providesadditional information domain andserves as a basis for modeling offunction.
It is a graphical representing that depictsinformation flow the transforms that areapplied as data move from input to output.The basic flow of data flow diagram is alsoknown as data flow graph or bubble chart.
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Context Level DFD
1.0 level DFD
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2.0 level DFD
3.0 Level DFD
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DATA DICTIONARY
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DATA DICTIONARY
DFDs themselves not describe all
details about data flows. For investigationone additional tool is used to support DFDswhich is called Data Dictionary. DD providesadditional information about the system. DDis called catalog or central repository.
DD is an analysis tool thatprimarily records the information content ofdata. It stores definition of all datamentioned in DFD and in processspecification.
Components of DataDictionary:
1. Data Elements: DD consists of detailedinformation of the data used.
2. Data Names: To distinguish an item, ameaningful name given to data parameter iscalled as data name.
3. Data Description: Sometimes because offield size restriction Data name itself doesntgive the meaning of data parameter. Data
Description precisely states what data itemsrepresents in the system.
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4. Aliases: One data item may be referred
by different names depending upon who isusing it. The additional names given to dataitem are called as aliases.
5. Data Type: It identifies the type of datai.e. whether it is numeric, character, date etc.
6. Length: It represents the amount of
space required for the data item.
7. Data Values: With data item someadditional prefixes are added are called asdata values.
8. Range: It gives information about thelowest and highest possible value stored in
the data item.
9. Data Structure: Data structure is basedon sequential relationship among the dataitem. It will give information about theformation of the data item.
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Sr.
No.Field Name Data Type
Table
NameDescription
1 airport_id Integer Airport
Contains the
Airport ID of the
Airport.
2 airport_name String AirportContains the name
of the Airport.
3 country String Airport Contains the nameof country of
airport.
4
5 route_id Integer routeContains the Route
ID. of the Route.
6 start_ap Integer route
Contains the
Airport ID of the
DepartureAirport.
7 end_ap Integer route
Contains the
Airport ID of the
Arrival Airport.
8 flight_id Integer flightrouteContains the Flight
ID of the flight.
9 start_time Date/Time flightroute
Contains the
flights Departure
Time.
10 end_time Date/Time flightroute
Contains the
Flights Arrival
Time
11 seats Integer flightrouteContains the no. of
seats in Plane.
12 scheme_id Integer scheme
Contains the
Scheme ID of the
Scheme.
13 scheme_name String scheme
Contains the name
of the Discount
Scheme.
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Sr.No.
Field Name Data Type Table Name Description
14 scheme_desc String scheme
Contains the
Details and
Description of
the Scheme.
15 discount Integer scheme
Contains the
Scheme
Discount.
16 passenger_id Integer passenger
Contains the
Passenger ID
no.
17 name Text passenger
Contains the
Passenger
Name.
18 gender Text passengerContains the
Passengers sex.
19 nationality text passenger
Contains the
Passengers
Nationality
20 ticket_id Integer passengerticket
Contains the
Passengers
Ticket ID.
21 class_type Text passengerticket
Contains the
class-type of the
ticket.
22 fare_paid Integer passengerticket
Contains the
fair paid by thePassenger
23 j_date Date/Time passengerticketContains the
Jorney Date.
24 cancel_no Integer cancelContains the
cancellation no.
25 Cancel_date Date/Time cancel
Contains the
ticket
Cancellation
Date.
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FILE DESIGN
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FILE DESIGN
1. Table Name: Airport
Description: Contains all Details aboutAirport Record.
2. Table Name: Route
Description: Contains all Details about
Air-Route Record.
Field Name Data type
route_id Number
start_ap Number
end_ap Number
miles Number
3. Table Name: Flightroute
Field Name Data typeairport_id Number
airport_name Text
Address Text
city Text
country Text
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Description: Contains all Details aboutFlight-Route Record.
Field Name Data type
flight_id Number
start_time Date/Time
end_time Date/Time
s_airport Number
e_airport Number
miles Number
First Number
Business Number Economy Number
4. Table Name: Scheme
Description: Contains all Details aboutthe Ticket Scheme and discounts.
Field Name Data type
scheme_id Number
scheme_name Text
period Number
scheme_desc Text
scheme_disc Number
5. Table Name: Passenger
Description: Contains all Details aboutPassenger.
Field Name Data type
passenger_id Number
passport_no Text
name Text
address Textage Number
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gender Text
email_id Text
nationality Text
6. Table Name: Passengerticket
Description: Contains all Details aboutPassengers ticket.
Field Name Data typeticket_id Number
passenger_id Number
scheme_id Number
class_type Text
fare_paid Number
flight_id Number
j_date Date/Time
7. Table Name: Cancel
Description: Contains all Details aboutTicket cancellation Record.
Field Name Data typecancel_no Number
date Date/Time
ticket_id Number
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SOFTWARE TESTING AND
IMPLEMENTATION
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SOFTWARE TESTING ANDIMPLEMENTATION
Software testing is the process of executing aprogram with an objective of finding an error.Software quality should be primary concerned insoftware development efforts. Software testing &evaluation are traditional methods of checkingsoftware quality. Software testing is successfullyonly if all errors from it are removed. The techniquethat finds max errors is good testing techniques.The prime objective of testing is to test the codewith intention to find errors.
TESTING STRATEGIES:No single technique is available
which will find all errors.It may be good if
1. There is a high probability of finding errors.
2. It is not redundant.3. It is simple to execute.4. It should trace back to customer requirement.
1. BLACK BOX TESTING:
InputsOutputs
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BBT is related with input and output with
internal structure of program. In BBT it is checked ifsome input is given, then whether specific output isproduced by the programs or not. Various sets ofinput test cases are prepared and applied on aprogram & corresponding output produced.
BBT is used to find errors like:
1. Incorrect & missing functions2. Interfacing errors3. Initialization & termination errors4. Errors in external database access5. Performance errors
2. WHITE BOX TESTING:
WBT is related with the structure ofprogram.To test the logic of the program, various tests aredesigned which takes care of following:
1. Every system should be executed at least once.2. Every path in the program must be executed at
least once (path analysis).
3. Execute their entire loop on their boundaries &within operational boundaries.
4. Execute internal data structure & formulate toensure their validity.
3. PERFORMANCE TESTING:
Performance testing determines the
length of system used by the system to processtransaction data. This test is conducted prior to
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implementation to determine how long it takes toget response to an query, make a backup copy of afile. Performance testing is designed to test runtime performance of software within context of an
integrated system. Performance testing is carriedout throughout all the steps in the testing process.
4. USER ACCEPTANCE TESTING:
An acceptance test has the objective of
selling user on the validity & reliability of thesystem. It verifies that system procedures operateto system specification & that integrity of importantdata is maintained. Compressive test report isprepared.
5. STRESS TESTING:
It determines whether the system will
handle the volume of activities that occur when thesystem is at peak of the processing demand. E.g.Test the system by activating all the terminals ofthe system at the same time. The main goal of thestress testing is to test performance of the systemunder max use of memory, disk space.
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HARDWARE AND SOFTWAREREQUIREMENTS
Minimum Software Requirements:
Software is the collections of programs. For
running of the system Software is needed.
Operating System : Windows 98/ 2000/ XP/
Vista. Application : Microsoft Access.
Editor : Notepad.
Software : Jdk1.4.0 or higher.
Internet Explorer 4 or higher.
Minimum Hardware Requirements:
Physical requirement i.e. Monitor, CPU, Mouse etc.
are called as Hardware requirements.
Ram : 128 MB
Hard Disk : 20GB ( 2GB free Hard Disk
Space)
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Display Type : Standard VGA Monitor
Printer : Inkjet / Laser
Mouse : Standard PS/2 compitable
mouse
Keyboard : Standard 101/102-key
Keyboard.
CD Rom , CD Writer
SYSTEM FEATURE
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SYSTEM FEATURE
While designing system, it has tobe internally manipulated all aspects i.e.
logical flow of data to user. The system
provides effect functionally with inbuilt
triggers and constraints user at database
level. They reduce chances of entering
garbage into system by effective filtration of
date and provide it in more meaningful way
to user functional complexity must be
handled the database updated up to next
process should be reusable into another.
The software developed using Sun
Java which has any user interactions.
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The application are made user friendly
through menu driven programming.
This interface is graphical which is more
attractive and understandable to user.
File Handling helps in storing and
retrieving data.
DRAWBACKS AND
LIMITATIONS
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DRAWBACKS ANDLIMITATIONS
The system has some drawbacks andlimitations which are as follows:-
Searching for record is very difficult. It
is a very vital problem faced by the
user.
The handling and recovery techniques
are time consuming and volume of
database increases.
System requires standalone Software
like Apache Tomcat4.0 for running.
Keeping track of record is very difficult.
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Human mistakes due to inefficiency,
fatigue, lack of time and rectification
needed due to manual work.
CONCLUSION
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CONCLUSION
THE SYSTEM WILL MAKE DAILY
TRANSACTION IN SHORT TIME & REPORT
GENERATED VERY EASILY & CORRECTLY
WHICH WAS SO COMLICATED IN PREVIOUS
MANUAL SYSTEM BECAUSE EVERYTHING
HAD TO BE CARRIED OUT MANUALLY.
THIS SYSTEM IS EASY TO
UNDERSTAND AND OPERATE AND IT IS ALSO
USER FRIENDLY. ALL THE DIFFICULIES OF
THE SYSTEM HAVE BEEN REMOVED. THE
USER CAN GET ALL THE INFORMATION HE
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WANTS AS IT CAN HELP HIMSELF AND HE IS
GUIDED THROUGH WITH ALL THE LINKS AND
INFORMATION. ALSO LESS TIME IS
REQUIRED FOR THE PROCESSING.
BIBLOGRAPHY
1. THE COMPLETE REFERENCE :
-By Herbert Schildt.
2. SUN MICROSYSTEM JAVA SERVER
PAGES:
-By Cay S. Horstmann, Gray Cornell.
3. JAVA PROGARMMING:
-By Black Book.
4. ADVANCED JAVA PROGARMMING:
-By Khobragad.
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5. JAVA SCRIPT & JSCRIPT:
-By Jowrski.
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