Symbiosis: Symbiosis: Living TogetherLiving Together
3 types of symbiotic relationships3 types of symbiotic relationships mutualism, commensalism, parasitismmutualism, commensalism, parasitism
Parasitism: Parasitism: a parasite expliots the a parasite expliots the resources of its host to its own benefit, resources of its host to its own benefit, while harming the hostwhile harming the host
Commensalism:Commensalism:two specifies form a close association two specifies form a close association where one organism benefits and the where one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped. other is neither harmed nor helped.
Shrimp and anemoneShrimp and anemone
Commensalism
Mutualism: Mutualism: an intimate association between an intimate association between two species that offers advantage to both speciestwo species that offers advantage to both species
AmensalismAmensalism
ExamplesBread mold and bacteriaalgal blooms can lead to the death of many species of fish, however the algae do not benefit from the deaths of these individuals.
occurs when one species hurts another, but does not benefit from this interaction
-/0 relationship
Industrial SymbiosisIndustrial Symbiosis
a nitrogen producer selling excess heat and CO2 to a greenhouse grower that is then able to increase yields and cut energy costs
a construction company using discarded car tires to line a drainage ditch, avoiding fresh materials.
Attack of the Attack of the Bot Flies!!Bot Flies!!Order Diptera,
Family Cuterebridae, Dermatobia hominis
Torsalo or “Human Bot Fly” is native to Central and South America
Exhibits both Commensalism and Parasitism
Life CycleLife Cycle Female torsalos glue their
eggs to the abdomen of a mosquito or fly
Body heat from the host triggers rapid hatching of the torsalo's eggs. The tiny maggots burrow quickly into the skin (even through clothing) and begin development as internal parasites.
Larvae develop over a period of 5-10 weeks, forming a painful cyst under the skin. When mature, they emerge from the host, fall to the ground, and pupate. The adult fly emerges several weeks later.
General CharacteristicsGeneral Characteristics An adult torsalo is a rather
large insect (10-15 mm) with a bluish-black body, brown wings, and yellow markings on the face and legs.
Fastest flies in the world (80/kph)!!
Adults lack maxillary palps and are thought to be unable to feed due to their atrophied mouthparts. Rely on food reserve from larval stage.
Larvae have sharp spikes to anchor themselves to host
Bacteria microhabitat?
TreatmentTreatment
Bot Flyoramma!Bot Flyoramma! Cattle Bot Fly Rodent/Tree Squirrel Bot
Fly Nose (Sheep) Bot Fly Stomach (Horse) Bot Fly
Rodent/Tree Squirrel Bot FlyRodent/Tree Squirrel Bot Fly
Eggs are layed on habitat substrates rather than directly on host animal.
Nose (Sheep) Bot FlyNose (Sheep) Bot Fly Living maggots are
deposited in the nostrils of sheep.
Harmful to sheep due to migration of larvae through the nasal passageways and sinuses.
The larvae remain in the sinuses for 8 to 10 months and then are sneezed out
of the nostrils.
Horse Bot FlyHorse Bot Fly Adult females deposit eggs on
the horse's legs, shoulders, chin, throat and the lips.
Bot eggs enter the horse's mouth and develop into larvae. The larvae migrate and attach themselves to the mucus lining of the horse's stomach, remaining there during the winter.
After about 10 months, they detach themselves and are passed in the feces. The larvae burrow into the ground and mature into adult flies.
ReferencesReferences Symbiosis – Torsalo
Botfly
The Bot Fly - Insects, Bugs, Flies
http://entomology.unl.edu/ent108/BOTW/BOTW3_rabbit_botfly.html
Screwworm flies as agents of wound myiasis
The Associated Microflora to the Larvae of Human Bot Fly Dermatobia hominis L. Jr. (Diptera: Cuterebridae) and its Furuncular Lesions in Cattle
Bot Flies Are Our Friends – About
Human Botfly, Bot Fly, Botflies, Torsalo, Dermatobia hominis
biology, economic effects and early efforts to eradicate hypoderma
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SymbiosisSymbiosisClose interactions
between two or more different species
African Crocodile and Blackbird Plover
Clown Fish and Sea Anemone
Bees and Flowers
Symbiotic RelationshipsSymbiotic Relationships
Mutualism◦Both species benefit from the interaction
Symbiotic RelationshipsSymbiotic Relationships
Parasitism◦One species benefits and the other species is harmed◦Parasite
Organism that lives on or within a host species
Parasitic WaspTapeworm (Taenia solium)
Deer Tick (Ixodes scapularis)
Symbiotic RelationshipsSymbiotic Relationships
Amensalism◦One species is harmed
and the other species is neither harmed nor benefits from the relationship.
◦Antibiosis and Competition Bread Mold
Penicillium Overgrowth of algae
Symbiotic RelationshipsSymbiotic Relationships
Commensalism◦One species benefits and the other species does not gain or
lose anything
Barnacles and Whales Cattle and Egrets
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