Bibliotheca Lichenologica Volume 105

Editors Thomas H. Nash 111, Linda Geiser, Bruce McCune, Dagmar Triebel, Alexandru M.E Tomescu & William B. Sanders

Biology of Lichens -Symbiosis, Ecology, Environmental Monitoring, Systematics and Cyber Applications

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['l] J. Cramer ~ in der Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung

Bibliotheca Lichenologica Volume 105

Editors

Thomas H. Nash 111, Linda Geiser, Bruce McCune, Dagmar Triebel, Alexandru M.F. Tomescu & William B. Sanders

Biology of Lichens -Syrnblosls, Ecology, Environmental Monitoring, Systematics and Cyber Applications

with 81 figures and 19 tables

Seleeted papers related in part to the IAL 6 Symposium, Asilomar, California 2008

J. Cramer

~ in der Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung 2010

00

Editor Prof. Dr. V. Wirth, Karlsruhe

Editorial board Praf. Dr. ]. A. Elix, Canberra Prof. Dr. T. H. Nash 111 , Tempe

Editar's addres ses:

Thomas H. Nash 111 SchooJ of Life Sciences Arizona State University Box 874501 Tempe. Al 85287 -4501 , USA

Current address:

Department of Botany University of Wisconsin 430 Lincoln Dr., Madison, WI 53706-131 3, USA.

Date of publi cati on: September 2010

ISBN 978-3-443-58084-1 ISSN 1436-1698

Informa tion on this title: www.borntraeger-cramer.de/9783443580841

© 2010 Gebr. Bornt raeger Verlags buchha ndlu ng. Stuttgart

AII rights reserved including translation ínto fore ign languages. This book 01'

parts thereof may not be reproduced, digi talized 0 1' stored in any form without perm issio n of the publishers.

Publ isher: Gebr. Bornt raeger Verlagsbuchhandlun g Johannesst r. 3A 701 76 Stuttga rt. Germany mail@bornt raeger-cramer.de www.borntraege r-crame r.de

Printed on permanenl papel' confo rming lo ISO 9706-1994 Printed in Germany by strauss offsetdruck gmbh. 69509 Morlenbach

C onte n

Together a nd se parate: T he Jives of the

SANDERS. W.8.: Together and sep árate: reco li chcn syrnbionts .

LARSEN, E.: Progrcss in culturi ng foli icolous

Lic he nicolo us F ungi: Ta xonorny an d D

KNUDSEN, K. & KOCOURKo vA, 1.: A ncw SP( cortico lous Caloplaca in southcrn California (Mexico) .., .

KOCOllRKü VÁ. J. & KNUDSEN. K.: A new SP(

(Dacarnpiaceae) on Lecaniaf uscella ..

I n tegrated Data Networks in Lichenolo.

RANDLANE, T., SAAG. A.• MARTELLOS. S. & • interactivo ke ys lo lichcns in thc EU project ]<

resour ccs .

TIM DAL. E.: Reccnt literature on lichens: web de vclopmcn ts , .

TRJEBEL. D., NEUllACIIER. D., WEISS, M., HE T.H. & RAMIlOLO, G.: Integrated biod ivcrsity data flows ami chall cngcs .

NASH ru, T.R, GRIES, C. & GILUERT, E.: The lich en herb aria : a virtua l flo ra using the SYMl

Air Pollu tion a nd P ublic Hea lt h

PURVIS, W., GONZALEZ-MIQUEO, L., DOLGOP, UNSWORTII, c.: Use of rarc earth clcmcnt sign adj acent so ils as indicators of sourccs of geolo

WOLSELEY. P.. SUlTO N, M.. LEITII , I. & VAN indicators 01' am mo nia conccntrari ons across II

CATALÁ, M.. GASULLA. F., PRADASDELREAL, ARMI ÑANA, J. & BARRENO, E.: Nitric oxide is during rehydrat ion 01' Ramalinafarinacca (L.) oxidati ve air pollu tant CUIll CllC hyd roperoxide

SWEAT, K., GREM ILLl ON, P.T. 8.:.. NASlI 111, T.~

in thc lichcn Xanthoparmelia spp . in thc greatc Arizona , US A ..

BRANQUlNltO, c., PINitO, P., OlAS, T.. CRUZ, ( Loucxo , M.A.: Lichcn transplants al our servi NH 3dep osition assessmenís .

RIDDELL, 1.. PADGETT, P.E. & NASlI lII , T.H.: Ramalina menziesii Tayl. lo ozone furn igations

V

)rof. Dr. V. Wirth, Karlsruhe

Praf. Dr. J. A. Elix, Canberra Praf. Dr. T. H. Nash 111, Tempe

)10

ltraeger-cramer.def978344358084 1

sbuchhan dlung, St uttgart

.slation into fore ign languages . This book or rced, digita lize d or store d in any form without

lagsbuchhandlu ng

any mer .de ner.de

mform ing lo ISO 9706-1994 setdruck gmb h, 69509 Morlenbach

Conten ts

Togethe r and sepa rate: The lives of th e lichen symbionts

SANDERS, W.B.: Togeiher and sep árate: reconstruc tiug Jife histories of lichen symbionrs . I

LARSEN, E.: Progress in culturing foliicolous lichen s on covcrslips . 17

Lichenicolous Fung i: Taxonomy and Diversity

KNUDSEN , K. & KOCOURKo vA, .l.: A new species of Stigmidium from corricolou s Ca/ap laca in southcrn California (USA) and Baja California (Méx ico) 25

KOCO URKov A. J. & K:--; UDSEN, K.: A new species o CDocomp ia (Dacarnpiaccac) on Lccaniafuscella 33

Integrat ed Data Networks in Li chenolo gy

RANDLANE, T., SAAG. A ., MARTELI.OS, S. & NIMIS, P.L. : Computer-aidcd, inreractive keys to lichens in thc EU projec r KeyTolvature, and rclatcd resouree s 37

1'IMDAL, E .: Reeent literaturc on lichcns: web serviees and Iurther developmen ts 43

1'RIEBEL, D., NEUBACHER, D. , WEISS, M., HEINDL-1'ENH UNEN, B., NASHIlI, 1'.8 . & RAMBOLD, G.: lutcgratcd biod ivers ity data netwo rks ta l' liehenology­data flows and cha llcngcs .. 47

NASH IrI , T .H., GRIES, C. & GILHERT, E.: The co nsortiu rn of North American liehen herbaria: a virtua l flora us ing the SYMBI01'A framework 57

Ai r Pollution and Public Health

PURVIS, W. , GONZÁLEZ-M1QUEO, L. , DOLGOPOLOVA, A., DUBIJIN, W. & UNSWORTH, C;; Use of rare eart h clcment signatures in lichen, bark and adjaeent so ils as indicators of sources 01' geo logical materials 65

WOLSEL EY, P., SUTTON, M., Lr rru, I. & VANDIJK, N.: Epiphytic lichcns as ind icators of arnmonia concentrations acro ss the UK 75

CATALÁ, M., GASULLA, F., PRADAS DELREAL, A., GARCÍA-B RElJü, F., RElG­ARMfNANA, .J. & BARRENO, E.: Nitric oxid e is invol vcd in oxidativc stress during rchydration of Rama lina farinac ea (L.) Ac h. in the prcscncc of the ox idativc ai r po llutant cu men e hydropcroxide 87

SWEAT, K., GIU,MlLLlON, PT & NASH 1II, T. H.: Merc ury conccntrations in the lichen Xanthoparmcl!a spp . in the greater Grand Canyon región of Arizona , USA 93

BRANQUINHO, c., PINilO, P., OlAS, T., CRUZ, c., MÁGUAS, C. & MARTINS­Lo u(A o . M.A.: Lichen transpla nts at our service for atmosphcric NH3 deposition assess rncnts 103

RIDDELL, .J. , PADG ETT, P .E. & NASHm, T.B.: Respon ses of the lichcn Ramalina menziesii Tay l, to ozone fumigation s 113

y

,

GErSER, L., SCHR.LAU, J., SIMON1ClI, S.M., GLAv rcH, D. & DILLM AN, K.: Lichens and conifer needles as indi calors of airborne scmi-vo latile organ ic cornpou nds in western North Amé rica [2 5

Lichen Comrnunity Structure and Dynamics

GTORDANI , P., INCERTI, G ., RLZZI, G., GINALDI, F., VIGLlONE, S., RELLlNI, l., BRUNJ ALTI, G., MALASPINA , P. & MODENEsr, P.: Land use intensity dri vcs the loca l var iation of lichen divers iry in Medit crrancan ccosysterns scnsitive lo desertifi cation 139

PrNIIO, P., BRANQUI NlIO, C. & MÁGUAS, c.: Modelin g eco logy of liehens communitics bascd on photobiont typc in relati on lo potential so lar radiation and ncighborhood land-use 149

MUCIINIK, E.: Eva luatio n of (he significance of different abiotic fac tors for spccies o f the Parrnel iaceae family in the Russiau Iorest-stepp e zo ne 161

WILL-WOLP, S., NELSEN, M .P. & TREST, M.T.: Responses of small foliose lichen spec ies lo land scape patt ern, light reg imc, and uir polluti on frorn a long-t e rm s tudy in upper Mid we st US /\ 167

OIdest Lichens and Bryophytes

TOM ESCU, A.M.F., TATE, R.W., MACK, N.G. & CALDER, V..J.: Sirnulating fossilization to resolve (he taxonornic affinities of thalloid fossils in Early Silurian (ca. 425 Ma) terrestri al asse rnblages 183

SCHWARTZMAN , D.W.: Was thc origin ofthe lichen symbiosis lriggered by declinin g atrnospheric earb on dioxide levels? 191

The World under Your Fect: Biological Soil Crusts

BATES, S.T., GARCIA-PICIIEL, F. & NASH IJI , T.H.: Fungal components of biological soil crusts: insights frorn culture-depende nt and cul ture­independcnl stud ics 197

PLNTADO, A., SANCHO, L.G., B LANQUER. J.M., GREEN, T.G.A. & LÁZARO. R .: Microclimatic factors and photosynthetic acrivity of crustose liehens frorn the semiarid sourhcust of Spain: long-rerm measurernents for Diploschistes diacapsis ,....... .................................................................................... 2 11

Mexícan Parrncliaceae Systcmatics

I'ÉREl PÉREZ, R.L. & NASI\ III, T. H.: Thc genus Canoparmel ia in Mcxico ; 22.5

ESS LlNGER,T.L. & PÉREZ PÉREZ, R.L. : The gc nus Me lanohalea in Mcxico, including a new ende rnic spec ics 239

Selectivity in the Líchen Symbiosis

DELCAMPO, E.M ., GIMENO, J., DE NOVA, lP.G., CASANO. L.M ., GASULLA. F., GARCfA-BRElJO, F., REIG-ARMlÑA NA, J. & BARRENO, E.: SOlllh European populati ons of Rall7alina j arinacea (L.) Ach. sharc diffcre nt Tre!Jo/lxia algae

247

VI

Biology o( Lichens - Symbi osis. Ecology. Envi ronm. Mo '[IIO/l/OS 11. Nas h Ill e! al. (eds) : Bibliotheca Lichenolog . 1. Croma in der Gcbriidcr Born traeger Verlags huchluu

Together and separate life histories of lich

WLLLlAM B. SA

Depar trnent of Biologicul Scienccs, Florida Gulf Coa: USA; \Vsanders@fgcll.edll

Abstraer: A lich en rnay be vicwcd as histories of its fuugal and algal e pe rspecti ve , the present work h ighlights e lichen symbionts' lives, particularly evk life cyc lcs whieh occur outsidc thc syinl of particular intcrest are thc nutritiona l ~

symbiotic thallu s can be organizcd, and and ou tco mes of m ultiplc fungal gcnot j rna tion of a single lichcn tha llus, For lie very li trlc ís known with ccrtainty cancel' in thc ir prcsumcd sex ua l cyclcs.

Kcywords: lich en, life cycle, lifc history,

lntroductioi

An organism cxis ts in four dirncnsions. Its pI dirncnsions that chango along a fourt h axis temp oral dimensi ón, an undcrstanding of dcvclopm cntal perspec tivo. On a bread scale involves evolutionary change with divcrgcnce scalc, one sees ins rcad a cyc lic pat tc rn : an 0 1'

ser ies of dcvcl opm cntal stages, as do its off stagcs is surn marized as thc life histnry or life sequcucc of dcvclopm cntal phases, frorn one g(

A lich cn may be vicwed as the intcrsccti on ( a lgal componcnts (Fig. 1). Togcther thcy Ion thallu s with distinct, cmcrgcn t prop crt ics, S sy mbionts are far lcss easi ly delceled and wlml n[llttre is poorly underslood . NelV tcchnologics s lages havc beco me more avai lable in recen inves ligalors intriglled by lhe lichen symbio ndva necs . I-l owever, lhc foens of lichenologie always highli ght lhese organism-lc"e l qllestic