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First Policy Forum on UEM in Southeast Asia
18 - 19 August 2005, Bangkok,Thailand 1
THE PENANG ISLAND MUNICIPALCOUNCIL EXPERIENCE
Dr Goh Kok Yeong
18 Aug 2005 AIT, Bangkok
Current Policies & Practices on Solid Waste
Management in Malaysia
MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF PENANG ISLAND,
MALAYSIA
MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF PENANG ISLAND,
MALAYSIA
LOCATION IN ASIA PACIFIC
Malaysia
PENANGISLAND
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Introduction to Government Set-up
Federal
State government
Local authority
MALAYSIAN LEGISLATION
Currently, NO Federal or State Legislation dealsdirectly and specifically on solid waste management.
The Local Government Act 1976 and the StreetDrainage and Building Act 1974 ( to a limited extent)
are presently being used to govern the solid wastemanagement nationwide.
By-laws such as the Refuse Collection, Removal andDisposal have been made by some of the LocalAuthorities under the Local Government Act toregulate the solid waste management and services.
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MALAYSIAN LEGISLATION (cont’d)
Presently, management of solid waste services is being handled by3 levels of Governments:
1. Ministry of Housing and Local Government (MHLG) handles allmatters related to solid waste management funding and policydevelopment.
2. State Government plays a coordinating role with focus on policyand financial matters pertaining to Local Authorities functions.
3. Local Authorities are the implementing agencies and have directresponsibilities over the solid waste collection, treatment anddisposal services. These services are provided either directly bythe respective Local Authorities or sub-contracted to privatecompanies.
The Government through MHLG is in the process of formulatingand finalising the Solid Waste Management Bill to be submittedand passed by the parliament.
LEGAL PROVISIONS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT
Powers for waste management is sharedbetween Federal and State Goverments
Constitutional Provisions
a. Federal List – trade, commerce and industry,including industries and industrial undertakings,dangerous trade, dangerous and inflammablesubstances.
b. State List – Local Government including local
government services, obnoxious trades andpublic nuisances within local authorities.
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LEGAL PROVISIONS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT
c. Concurrent List- public health, sanitationand the prevention of diseases.
Since enactment of EQA 1974, scheduledwaste is within Department of Environment (afederal Agency), while municipal solid waste is
under local authorities.
Unclear if household scheduled wastes are
regulated under EQA.
Proposed municipal solid waste also to betaken over by Federal Govt with new lawrelating to solid waste management.
WASTE DEFINITION &
DIFFERENTIATION
Any other waste notclassified as ScheduledWaste.
Categorised as follows. Waste generated from
daily household activities.
Garden waste
Bulk waste
Industrial, commercialand institutional (ICI)waste.
Solid Waste (MSW) Classified as hazardousbased on its characteristics.
Four basic characteristics.
Ignitable
Corrosive
Reactive
Toxic
Scheduled Waste
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NATIONAL POLICIES
The Federal Government intended to privatisethe solid waste management in the PeninsularMalaysia (western part the country) under thenational privatization programme.
Under the proposed act, Peninsular Malaysia isdivided into 3 zones. The Northern, The Centraland Southern Zones. (Central and SouthernZones are in the interim take over by the privateconcessionaires.)
Penang: Sectoral Share of Gross Domestic Product (%)Area: 299.65 sq km Population: 660,000
Source: SERI
The main contributors to Penang’s GDP are the manufacturing sector (41.6%) andthe tertiary sector (53.7%). These figures indicate the presence of many multinationalcompanies as well as small and medium industries in Penang. Penang’s tertiary
sector comprises mainly of services, which cater for the tourism sector.
Penang: Sectoral Share of Gross Regional Product (%)
Sector 2003 2004 (estimated) 2005 (Forecast)
Agriculture, Forestry
& Fishing
1.6 1.5 1.5
Mining & Quarrying 1.0 0.9 0.9
Manufacturing 41.3 42.5 42.9
Construction 2.1 1.7 1.7
Tertiary 54.0 53.4 53.0
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
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THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF PENANGISLAND
PRESIDENT
SECRETARY
DEV. & PLANNING DEPTMANAGEMENT
SERVICES
URBAN SERVICES,
PUB. HEALTH
LICENSING,
DEPARTMENT
LEGAL DEPT
ENGINEERING DEPT
BUILDING DEPT
TREASURYVALUATION DEPT INTERNAL AUDIT
UNIT
COMMUNITY
SERVICES BUMIPUTRA
DEVELOPMENT UNIT
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The municipal waste collected are categorized
into 5 different types currently:1. Domestic Waste
2. Industrial Waste (non scheduled)3. Bulk Waste4. Sea Waste5. River Waste – effective in 2004
Domestic Waste – Vehicles used are compactors and RoRo.
Industrial Waste – Vehicles used are RoRo
Bulk Waste – Vehicles used are High Side Tippers and SideLoaders
Sea & River Waste – Vehicles used RoRo and Tippers
THE COLLECTION (2004)
Generation: 655 tons of mun icipal waste a day(excluding 428 tons of construction& demolition w aste a day)
Services Provided: Collection, Transfer,Disposal at Landfill
Area Covered: 95% of Island
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COMPOSITION AVERAGE
Food Waste 42.94
Paper 18.40
Plastic 15.85
Diapers 5.84
Textile 2.43
Rubber 1.38
Wood 1.03
Yard 4.49
Glass 2.95
Aluminum 0.39
Metal 1.63
Other Incombustible 2.65
WASTE COMPOSITION OF MSW OFMAJLIS PERBANDARAN PULAU PINANG (2003)
Source: Satang Environmental Sdn. Bhd.
•Penang Island Municipal Council practices “A
People Friendly Council” approach.
•Since 1995 to the end of 2004 the Council supplied
59,692 units of free 80 liter HDPE bins to all landed
residential property premises.
• Assessment charge is levied on ratepayers.
• No separate collection fee charged to the public.
Solid Waste Management In Penang
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•Collection outsourced since the early 80’s.
•Initially covering only the city of
Georgetown.
•Coverage by private contractors expanded
over the years. Now 4 contractors
appointed to cover 80% of the Island since
1993.•Remainder 20% is served by the Penang
Municipal Council.
THE LANDFILLS
The 2 landfil ls are :
•Jelutong Landfi l l - situated in the outskirts of GeorgetownCity, Penang Island (for construction w aste)
•Pulau Burung Sanitary Landfi ll - situated in the mainlandSeberang Perai (for municipal waste)
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GARBAGE ARE TAKEN BY BARGE VIA SEA 22 NAUTICAL
MILES FROM THE TRANSFER STATION AT BATU MAUNG
TO PULAU BURONG
Collection Transfer Station Barging
Pulau Burung Landfill
Collection and Disposal System Employed
Trucking Towing By Tug Boat
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THE TRANSFER STATION
Transfer station located at Batu Maung, Southeast of the Island.
In August 20 01, Council had instructed all municipal waste to bedisposed at the Batu Maung Transfer Station.
Opens daily from 6.30 am to 10.00 pm.On festive seasons, the Transfer Station w ill operate 24 hou rs.
Occupies an area of 1.295 hectares inclusive of ingress and egressof vehicles, a weighbridge, an office, lorries parking bays and a
jetty.
Reduction
Recyle & Reuse
Treatment/Recover
Landfill
MostDesirable
Less
Desirable
Waste Hierarchy
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Recycling in Penang
Recycling Programme In Malaysia
The programme was launched in thelate 80’s with the caption “GUNASEMULA” which means REUSE. Itwas later changed in the early 90’s to
“KITAR SEMULA” which means
RECYCLE.
In Penang, Malaysia –
• Programme was launched by the ChiefMinister of Penang in 1993 as a pilotproject in 2 housing areas.
• Programme started well but without aproper PPPUE approach. The programmeis still surviving but hardly living.
The parties involved in the programme:
1. The residents of the housing area
2. A recycling vendor
3. Penang Municipal Council
Penang Municipal Council took a different approach.
NGOs involved and campaigned for more recycling
vendors to register with the Council. Started with
only 6 vendors, 4 from Penang itself and 2 from the
capital city, Kuala Lumpur.
Today 20 vendor are s involved in the Penang
Municipal Council recycling programme.
2 strong supporters from the NGOs are:
1. Socio Economic Environmental Research Institute
(SERI)
2. North East District Neigbourhood Watch (Rukun
Tetangga – RT)
T H E P A R T N E R S H I P
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P E N A N G L O C A L G O V E R N M E N T C O N S U L TA T IVE F O R U M( P L G C F )
P E N A N G E N VI R O N M E N TA L W O R K I N G G R O U P (P E WO G )
S O C I A L E N O N O M I C & E N V IR O N M E N TA L R E S E A R C H
I N S T I T U T E ( S E R I )
N O R TH E A S T D I S T R IC T R U K U N TE TA N G G A
COUNCIL WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE ABOVE ORGANIZATIONS
STUDY, REVIEW, RESEARCH, DESIGN AND PLAN FOR ANY
ENVIRONMENTAL TASK FACED.
TASK:
1. RECYCLING
2. H AZA RD OU S W AST E
3 . C OM M UN IT Y C OM P OS TIN G
4. E-WASTE
THE HELPING HANDS
INTERNATIONAL AID &PROGRAMMES
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UNDP – PPPUE PROGRAMMEUNITED NATION
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
UNDP CHOSED PENANG ISLAND FOR IPG
PROGRAMME AMONG MORE THAN 100 NATIONS
AROUND THE WORLD
4 COUNTRIES WERE CHOSEN IN SOUTH EAST ASIA
– MALAYSIA, LAOS, PHILIPPINES AND INDONESIA
A PROGRAMME KNOWN AS PUBLIC PRIVATEPARTNERSHIP FOR URBAN ENVIRONMENT (PPPUE)
– COMMUNITY RECYCLING AND WASTE
MANAGEMENT PROJECT WAS INTRODUCED
•TO BOOST UP PUBLIC & PRIVATE PARTICIPATION
•TO DEVELOP THE FEELING OF BELONGINGNESSTOWARDS THE PROGRAMME
•TO PREVENT TOTAL DEPENDENCY ON
GOVERNMENT
•TO ENSURE SUSTAINABILITY
3 LOCATIONS WERE IDENTIFIED FOR THE
PROGRAMME
THE LOCATIONS
THE LOCATIONS ARE:
1. WELD QUAY - CHINESE COMMUNITY ON STILT HOUSES
2. KAMPONG SERONOK - MALAY COMMUNITY IN TYPICAL MALAY VILLAGE
3. TAMAN ALOR VISTA - MULTI RACIAL IN HIGH RISE DEVELOPMENT
UNDP-PPPUE PROGRAMME
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NATIONAL WASTE MINIMISATION
PROGRAMME
Project started in June 2005 by Ministry of Housing and LocalGovernment & JICA
2 Components
Setting up of Local Recycling Networks and RecyclingNetwork Unit in Local Authority
Pilot Project For Waste Separation at Source for aresidential area
Project started in June 2005 by Ministry of Housing and LocalGovernment & JICA
2 Components
Setting up of Local Recycling Networks and RecyclingNetwork Unit in Local Authority
Pilot Project For Waste Separation at Source for a residentialarea
Facing NEW CHALLENGE1. Household Hazardous Waste
2. E-waste
Household Hazardous Waste –
7th June 2003 -The Council Launched It’s First Household Hazardous
Waste Collection With Sunshine Farlim Hypermarket
5th July 2003 – Another Launching With GamaSupermarket
20th August 2003 – Followed By Makro Hypermarket
Council Is Planning To Provide Further Collection Facilities At 5
Public Markets:
A) TanjungBungahMarket
B) PulauTikus Market
C) BayanBaruMarket
D) BalikPulauMarket
E) Anson Road Market
E-waste –
The idea was mooted by the Chief Minister,
Tan Sri Dr. Koh Tsu Koonthrough a K-ICT
committee.
Urban Services Department was given the
task.
Appointed a group of consultant to carry o ut a
detail study on management and safe handlingof e-waste. The study will provide guidance onhandling of e-waste from collection todisposal.
The programme was introduced due to theincreasing number of e-waste.
The increase is partly due to the influx ofcheap electronic appliances in the market.
The increasing number of Malaysian gettinginto ICT.
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ISSUES & CHALLENGES
•80 % landfi l ls nationwide expected to reachfull capacity in 2 years time
•Surging CAPEX & OPEX for solid wastemanagement vs. limited resources
•Promoting sustained community attitudinal
changes for greater participation in wasteminimisation & environmental management
Think globally, Act locally
THINK BEFORE YOU THROW
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