Survey of Animals Survey of Animals from thefrom the
Phylum ChordataPhylum Chordata
Sub Phylum VertebrataSub Phylum Vertebrata
Common Chordate Common Chordate FeaturesFeatures
Notochord:Notochord: a rod of stiffened tissue supporting the body (later develops into bony units comprising the vertebral column).
Dorsal Nerve Chord:Dorsal Nerve Chord: located just above the notochord and gut region (protected by vertebrae after full development)
Muscular Pharynx:Muscular Pharynx: the entrance to the digestive tract (with small gill slits)
Tail (or rudiment thereof):Tail (or rudiment thereof): located near the anus
All Chordates, at some point in their lives have four features:All Chordates, at some point in their lives have four features: (Click)
Key Characteristics: Key Characteristics: Click to Continue
Body Temperature RegulationBody Temperature Regulation– Ectotherm: body changes temperature in response to external environment– Homeotherm: temperature remains constant regardless of external environment
# Of Heart Chambers# Of Heart Chambers – Two: (atrium/ventricle) allows for mixing of deoxygenated & oxygenated blood
– Three: (2 atria/1 ventricle) more efficient separation of deO2 & O2 blood
– Four: (2 atria/2 ventricles) complete separation of deO2 & O2 blood
Respiratory Organs Respiratory Organs (Exchange of 0(Exchange of 022 & CO & CO22))
– Lungs, Gills, Skin: moist membranes designed for gas exchange in/out of blood
Reproductive Structures Reproductive Structures (Embryo Development)(Embryo Development)– Internal Amniotic Egg: develops inside of mother and contains amnion/amniotic fluid– External Amniotic Egg: develops outside of mother and contains amnion/amniotic fluid– Aquatic Egg: contains no amnion and develops in a liquid (aquatic) environment
Excretory Mechanisms Excretory Mechanisms (H(H22O Conservation) O Conservation)
– Urea: liquid waste released by specialized excretory structures (toxic if accumulates)
– Uric Acid: solid waste (conserves H2O, non-toxic, & therefore can be stored)
Class Pisces (Fish)Class Pisces (Fish)Temperature Temperature RegulationRegulation
EctothermEctotherm
# Heart Chambers# Heart Chambers 22
Breathing Breathing MechanismMechanism
GillsGills
Skin/CoveringSkin/Covering ScalesScales
ReproductionReproduction
(Eggs)(Eggs)
AquaticAquatic
Excretory Excretory MechanismMechanism
Urea / (NHUrea / (NH33))
Means of Means of LocomotionLocomotion
Swimming FinsSwimming Fins Click to continue
Class AmphibiaClass AmphibiaTemperature Temperature RegulationRegulation
EctothermEctotherm
# Heart # Heart ChambersChambers
33
Breathing Breathing MechanismMechanism
Skin / GillsSkin / Gills
Skin/CoveringSkin/Covering Moist SkinMoist Skin
ReproductionReproduction
(Eggs)(Eggs)
AquaticAquatic
Excretory Excretory MechanismMechanism
Urea / NHUrea / NH33
Means of Means of LocomotionLocomotion
Tail / Fins / LegsTail / Fins / Legs Click to continue
Class ReptiliaClass ReptiliaTemperature Temperature RegulationRegulation
EctothermEctotherm
# Heart # Heart ChambersChambers
3 / 43 / 4
Breathing Breathing MechanismMechanism
LungsLungs
Skin/CoveringSkin/Covering Dry Leathery Dry Leathery ScalesScales
ReproductionReproduction
(Eggs)(Eggs)
AmnioticAmniotic
Excretory Excretory MechanismMechanism
Uric AcidUric Acid
Means of Means of LocomotionLocomotion
Legs / TailLegs / Tail
Click to continue
Class Aves (Birds)Class Aves (Birds)Temperature Temperature RegulationRegulation
HomeothermHomeotherm
# Heart # Heart ChambersChambers
44
Breathing Breathing MechanismMechanism
LungsLungs
Skin/CoveringSkin/Covering FeathersFeathers
ReproductionReproduction
(Eggs)(Eggs)
AmnioticAmniotic
Excretory Excretory MechanismMechanism
Uric AcidUric Acid
Means of Means of LocomotionLocomotion
Wings / LegsWings / Legs
Click to continue
Class MammaliaClass MammaliaTemperature Temperature RegulationRegulation
HomeothermHomeotherm
# Heart # Heart ChambersChambers
44
Breathing Breathing MechanismMechanism
LungsLungs
Skin/CoveringSkin/Covering HairHair
ReproductionReproduction
(Eggs)(Eggs)
AmnioticAmniotic
Excretory Excretory MechanismMechanism
Urea / NHUrea / NH33
Means of Means of LocomotionLocomotion
Legs / Wings / Legs / Wings / FinsFins
Click to continue
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