Surface Water Simulation Group
Comprehensive watershed scale model Comprehensive watershed scale model
developed and supported by the USDA-ARSdeveloped and supported by the USDA-ARS
capable of simulating surface andcapable of simulating surface and
groundwater hydrology under differentgroundwater hydrology under different
management practices in hydrologicallymanagement practices in hydrologically
complex watersheds. complex watersheds.
Applications
US-EPA BASINS Multipurpose Environmental Analysis System
for Performing Watershed and WaterQuality Studies
System for Supporting Development of Total
Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL’s). SWAT Included in Basins 3.0
Applications
Assessment of CAFOs on Water QualityAssessment of CAFOs on Water Quality Hydrologic and Water Quality Impacts resulting Hydrologic and Water Quality Impacts resulting
from Land Use Change within Watershedsfrom Land Use Change within Watersheds Assessing Impact of Climate ChangeAssessing Impact of Climate Change
Upland Processes
SWAT Watershed System
Channel/Flood PlainProcesses
Cells Subwatersheds Hydrologic Response Units Output from other Models
- EPIC, SWAT Point Sources - Treatment Plants
Possible Configurations
SWAT StrengthsUpland Processes Comprehensive Hydrologic Balance Physically-Based Inputs Plant Growth – Rotations, Crop Yields Nutrient Cycling in Soil Land Management - BMP
Tillage, Irrigation, Fertilizer, Pesticides,
Grazing, Rotations, Subsurface Drainage,
Urban-Lawn Chemicals, Street Sweeping
Continuous TimeDaily Time Step (Sub-hourly)One Day to Hundreds of Years
Readily available input – Physically based Distributed Parameter
Unlimited Number of Subwatersheds Comprehensive – Process Interactions Simulate Management
General Description
Root Zone
Shallow Aquifer
Unsaturated Zone
Confining Layer
Deep Aquifer
Precipitation
Evaporation and Transpiration
Infiltration/plant uptake/ Soil moisture redistribution
Surface Runoff
Lateral Flow
Return Flow
Revap from shallow aquifer
Percolation to shallow aquifer
Recharge to deep aquifer
Flow out of watershed
Hydrologic Balance
Surface Water Modeling GroupSurface Water Modeling GroupProject ObjectivesProject Objectives
Develop a methodology to simulate the Develop a methodology to simulate the surface water hydrology and percolation surface water hydrology and percolation below the rooting zone of multiple below the rooting zone of multiple combinations of land, soils, management combinations of land, soils, management practices, and climatic conditions across practices, and climatic conditions across Michigan in support of the IWBA DSS.Michigan in support of the IWBA DSS.
Provide a database of spatially explicit Provide a database of spatially explicit recharge values recharge values
Multidimensional Recharge ArrayMultidimensional Recharge Array
Recharge Value for Recharge Value for
Climate Zone 1Climate Zone 1
Land Cover Type
Soi
l Typ
e
Management Practice
Recharge (mm/yr)%
Fre
quen
cy
TasksTasks
Watershed Hydrology ValidationWatershed Hydrology Validation Augusta CreekAugusta Creek
Selection of Pertinent Land Covers / Selection of Pertinent Land Covers / Management PracticesManagement Practices
Model SensitivityModel Sensitivity Soil TypeSoil Type Management PracticesManagement Practices ClimateClimate
Development of Recharge Value DatabaseDevelopment of Recharge Value Database PDF DevelopmentPDF Development
Watershed ValidationWatershed ValidationAugusta CreekAugusta Creek
Small watershed near KBSSmall watershed near KBS38.9 mi38.9 mi22
Available data for surface water, groundwater, Available data for surface water, groundwater, and ecological modeling teamsand ecological modeling teams
Watershed will be used to validate modeling Watershed will be used to validate modeling approachesapproaches
Data Requirements and SourcesData Requirements and Sources
STATSGO Soils databaseSTATSGO Soils database30m MDNR land cover data 30m MDNR land cover data (2001)(2001)
30m USGS digital elevation model30m USGS digital elevation modelClimatic data Climatic data (KBS – NWS station)(KBS – NWS station)
Observed surface water data Observed surface water data (1980 – 2000)(1980 – 2000)
USGS gaging station on Augusta CreekUSGS gaging station on Augusta Creek
Augusta Creek Landuse and Soil Augusta Creek Landuse and Soil DistributionDistribution
Area [haArea [ha] ] Area [acres]Area [acres] %Wat.Area%Wat.AreaWATERSHED: 9662.0400 23875.3839WATERSHED: 9662.0400 23875.3839
LANDUSE:LANDUSE: Pasture-->PAST 3060.1836 7561.8668 Pasture-->PAST 3060.1836 7561.8668
31.6731.67 Range-Grasses-->RNGE 650.0890 1606.4024 6.73Range-Grasses-->RNGE 650.0890 1606.4024 6.73 Water-->WATR 90.5050 223.6423 0.94Water-->WATR 90.5050 223.6423 0.94 Wetlands-Forested-->WETF 543.5344 1343.1006 5.63Wetlands-Forested-->WETF 543.5344 1343.1006 5.63 Wetlands-Mixed-->WETL 1000.0179 2471.0943 10.35Wetlands-Mixed-->WETL 1000.0179 2471.0943 10.35 Wetlands-Non-Forested-->WETN 31.5641 77.9966 0.33Wetlands-Non-Forested-->WETN 31.5641 77.9966 0.33 Kentucky Bluegrass-->BLUG 195.8813 484.0326 2.03Kentucky Bluegrass-->BLUG 195.8813 484.0326 2.03 Forest-Deciduous-->FRSD 2255.8207 5574.2458 23.35Forest-Deciduous-->FRSD 2255.8207 5574.2458 23.35 Forest-Evergreen-->FRSE 430.7276 1064.3495 4.46Forest-Evergreen-->FRSE 430.7276 1064.3495 4.46 Agricultural Land-Row Crops-->AGRR 1361.6308 3364.6579 14.09Agricultural Land-Row Crops-->AGRR 1361.6308 3364.6579 14.09 Orchard-->ORCD 42.0854 103.9952 0.44Orchard-->ORCD 42.0854 103.9952 0.44
SOIL:SOIL: MI047 1494.9441 3694.0817 15.47MI047 1494.9441 3694.0817 15.47 MI091 1787.5716 4417.1788 18.50MI091 1787.5716 4417.1788 18.50 MI036 83.1747 205.5288 0.86MI036 83.1747 205.5288 0.86 MI045 6296.3496 15558.5947 65.17MI045 6296.3496 15558.5947 65.17
Augusta Creek SimulationsAugusta Creek Simulations
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
4/1/00 5/1/00 6/1/00 7/1/00 8/1/00 9/1/00 10/1/00
Dai
ly S
trea
m F
low
(cf
s)
Observed
Simulated
Land Use ImpactLand Use Impact
Shallow Aquifer Flow
0
50
100
150200
250
300
350
Decidu
ous F
ores
t
Alfalfa
Blueg
rass
Smoo
th B
rom
egra
ssCor
n
Everg
reen
For
est
High
Densit
y Urb
an
Indu
stria
l
Low D
ensit
y Urb
an
Med
Dens
ity U
rban
Oat
s
Orc
hard
Pastu
re
Soybe
an
Win
ter W
heat
Ann
ual G
W fl
ow (
mm
)
Runoff (mm)
050
100150200250300350400450500
Decidu
ous F
ores
t
Alfalfa
Blueg
rass
Smoo
th B
rom
egra
ssCor
n
Everg
reen
For
est
High
Densit
y Urb
an
Indu
stria
l
Low D
ensit
y Urb
an
Med
Dens
ity U
rban
Oat
s
Orc
hard
Pastu
re
Soybe
an
Win
ter W
heat
Su
rfa
ce R
un
off
(m
m)
Land Use / Soil Type CombinationsLand Use / Soil Type Combinations
Average Annual Runoff (mm)862 mm of rainfall
Soil Type
Crop Spinks Parkhill
Corn 138 486
Forest 1 341
Land Use / Soil Type CombinationsLand Use / Soil Type Combinations
Average Baseflow (mm)862 mm of rainfall
Soil Type
Crop Spinks Parkhill
Corn 320 42
Forest 404 66
Where to go from here?Where to go from here?
Have the ability to perform a water balance on Have the ability to perform a water balance on every soil in the state.every soil in the state.
Available long-term daily weather data (100+ Available long-term daily weather data (100+ yrs) distributed across the climate regions of the yrs) distributed across the climate regions of the state.state.
Need to finalize land use – management Need to finalize land use – management combinationscombinations
Begin mass simulations of combinations of soil / Begin mass simulations of combinations of soil / landuse / climatelanduse / climate Quality control – result analysisQuality control – result analysis
QuestionsQuestions
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