SUSTAINABLE CARP AND NUTRIENT RICH SMALL FISH
FARMING FOR HOUSEHOLD INCOME GENERATION AND NUTRITION
Sunila Rai1 and Anu Toivonen2
1Associate Professor/Assistant Dean (Academic) Agriculture and Forestry University
Chitwan, Nepal
Twinning Support to Women Fish Farmers’ organizations in Nepal
Phase I
(March 1, 2012 – August 31, 2013)
Twinning Partners
1. Rural Integrated Development Society
2. Finnish Fish Farmers’ Association
Supporting Technical Partner Institutions
1. Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science
2. District Agriculture Development Office
Project Objectives
a. to develop women fish farmers` organizations in
Nepal
b. to improve nutrition of women and children c. to improve income generation among women fish
farmer households
Project site
KAILALI
53 Women farmers 70% Tharu women
Carp polyculture sustainable but doesn’t favour
household nutrition because carp • >55% carp is sold to earn income • Low nutrient value compare to small fish
Vitamin A, Iron and Zinc content in four common Small Indigenous Fish Species (SIS) of Terai, Nepal
*Roos et al. 2007
SIS Vitamin A (RAE/100g raw,
clean parts)
Iron (mg/100g raw,
clean parts)
Zinc (mg/100g raw,
clean parts)
Dedhuwa (Esomus danricus) 107.5 6.2 4.5
Faketa (Barilius sp.) 84.5 1.0 3.6
Mara (Amblypharyngodon mola) 685.5 2.4 4.3
Pothi (Puntius sophore) 56.0 3.1 4.2
Carp Mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus)* < 30 2.5 -
Silver carp (Hypophthamichyths molitrix)* < 30 4.4 -
Farming system
1. Carp-Small fish polyculture
2. Carp-Small fish polyculture with substrate
Household Income
Household consumption
Vitamin A ++ Iron +
Household nutrition
Activities
Pond construction (approx. 100 m2) 53 new ponds
Pond preparation Liming and fertilization
Stripe bamboo substrate installation
• Stocking of fingerlings
• Feeding: dough of rice
bran and mustard oil cake (1:1 ratio) and grass to grass carp.
• Partial harvesting of SIS
• Increased household consumption
Final harvesting
Rs. 200/kg
Extra Production
Pond produce for household consumption
Fish production
•Total fish production: >5.6 t/ha/y
•Higher than national average 3.5 t/ha/y.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Carp+SIS Carp+SIS+Substrate
Fish production (kg/100 m2/year)
SIS productionCarp production
Substrate based carp-SIS polyculture
Removes nutrients from water Adds oxygen in
water
Quality food (23-26% protein)
Consumption
• Consumed 45% of the total production on average
• Fish consumption rate was 4.7 kg/caput/y - double of national average of 1.9 kg/caput/y 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Carp+SIS Carp+SIS+Substrate
Household fish conumption (kg/household/270 days)
SIS
Carp
Income
• 96% farmers sold surplus carp
• Farmers sold 55% of the total production.
• Income spent on household expenditures.
500052005400560058006000620064006600
Carp+SIS Carp+SIS+Substrate
Profit (Rs./100 m2/270 days)
Marketing
• Marketing: not a problem because small production.
• Farmers sold carp on the pond site.
• Customers come to farmers’
house to buy fish.
Value Chain
Input suppliers (Fingerling, feed) Farmer Consumer
Capacity building
Farmers’ training
Field trip Lead farmer visit to Finland
• 3 women fish farmers’ groups formed.
• Micro-finance
Women Fish Farmers’ Group
Cooperative
• Kapia Women Fish Farmers’ Cooperative established in 2013
• Members>30 • Working as a supporting
partner in Phase II
Conclusion
Protein
Micro-nutrients
Thank you Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland FFD AgriCord
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