Theory and Design
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What is an Embedded System An Embedded System is a
microprocessor based system that is embedded as a subsystem, in a larger system (which may or may not be a computer system).
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OI
Application areas Automotive electronics
Aircraft electronics
Trains
Telecommunication
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Application areas
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• Authentication• Authentication
• Military applications• Military applications
• Medical systems• Medical systems
Essential ComponentsMicroprocessor SensorsConverters (A-D and D-A)ActuatorsMemory (On-chip and Off chip)Communication path with the interacting
environment
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Memory
Processor A-D
Sensor D-A
Actuator
Essential ConsiderationsResponse Time -- Real Time SystemsAreaCostPortabilityLow Power (Battery Life)
Fault Tolerance
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Design Issues(Hardware-Software Co-design)System Specification
Functions, Real Time Constraints, Cost and Power Constraints
Hardware Software PartitioningHardware Synthesis SimulationImplementation
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General Characteristics of Embedded SystemsPerform a single task
Usually not general purposeIncreasingly high performance and real time
constrainedPower, cost and reliability are important
considerationsHW-SW systems
Software is used for more features and flexibility
Hardware (processors, ASICs, memory etc. are used for performance and security
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Classification of Embedded SystemsDistributed and Non distributed
Reactive and Transformational
Control dominated and Data dominated
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“ The New York Times has estimated that the averageAmerican comes into contact with about 60 micro-processors every day....”
Latest top-level BMWs contain over 100 micro-processors[Personal communication]
Most of the functionalityof embedded systemswill be implemented in software!
MICROCONTROLLERMICROCONTROLLER ( 89C2051) ( 89C2051)
The AT 89C2051 is a low voltage, high performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 2K bytes of flash programmable memory.
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Pin diagram
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Qualities of 89C2051 microcontrollerQualities of 89C2051 microcontroller
Cost effectiveness.Cost effectiveness.89C2051 has only 15 I/O lines so, port1 and port3 89C2051 has only 15 I/O lines so, port1 and port3
are only available on it.are only available on it.The architecture of 89C2051 does not support The architecture of 89C2051 does not support
any external address/data bus and therefore any external address/data bus and therefore RD,WR signals are absent .RD,WR signals are absent .
The 89C2051 also supports full-duplex serial The 89C2051 also supports full-duplex serial communication and six interrupt sources.communication and six interrupt sources.
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Ltd Embedded Systems & Robotics
Projects Based Training www.technogroovy.com
Mail : [email protected] Cell- +91-7500347448 ,
+91-7533940322www.technogroovy.com
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