Sub cortical Brain Structures
Sub cortical Brain Structures
• Sub cortical - underneath the cortex– hypothalamus and pituitary
– basal ganglia
– limbic system
– hindbrain and brainstem structures
Hindbrain Structures
• Cerebellum
• Brainstem– medulla– reticular formation– pons
The Parts of the Central Core
• Medulla-
Regulates involuntary breathing and heart rate
Cerebellum
• Small protrusion above medulla
• Function- Coordinates the smooth movement of muscle
The Reticular System
• The reticular system filters sensory information to determine conscious perception
• Malfunction has been linked to autism
Hypothalamus• Contains nuclei involved
in a variety of behaviors– sexual behavior
– hunger, thirst
– sleep
– water and salt balance
– body temperature regulation
– circadian rhythms
– role in hormone secretion
Hypothalamus and Hormones
• Hypothalamus releases hormones or releasing factors which in turn cause pituitary gland to release its hormones
Hypothalamus video
• Hunger and the Hypothalamus
( past essay question)
Rat study and reward deficiency syndrome
Thalamus
• Thalamus directs sensory info from the touch receptors to the cerebrum.
• It regulates sleep & wakefulness.
Amygdala
• Inputs come from all senses
• Amygdala ‘reads’ emotional significance of inputs
• Output influences such functions as heart rate, adrenaline release
Amygdala and Emotion
• Identify emotion from facial expressions
Amygdala damage makes this task difficult
Hippocampus
• Important in forming new memories
• Case of Jeremy
( short video)
An illustration of the central core
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