@IJRTER-2016, All Rights Reserved 534
STUDY ON POLLUTION CAUSED BY AUTOMOBILES IN
BENGALURU CITY
CHETAN KUMAR B1 KAUSHIK K N
2 MAHARAJ S B
3
1DepartmentofAutomobileEngineering
2,3Department of Mechanical Engineering
Abstract-With this paper an attempt has been made to cover the in depth study of the vehicular
population in the Bangalore city, that includes stastical view of number of automobiles, and their
exhaust emissions, effects of exhaust on the environment
Although present day demands more use of these automobile, few remedial suggestions have been
made to counter theses air polluting problem and finding the answers. This will finally focus on the
attempt on the effects due to increase in the vehicle ratio in the city. Based on the facts and data
obtained, the scenario regarding future vehicle growth and their impact for travel is discussed to
overcome emissions problems. The main objective is based on the emission of vehicles and their
problems. In future vehicle-based emissions testing should be conducted for at least once in three
months in Bangalore to gain a more accurate picture of the emissions that occur from the specific
vehicles in this city. Also the health concerns faced by the citizens of the Bangalore city is been
discussed.
I. INTRODUCTION At the global level, the rapid growth in motor vehicle directly or indirectly and climate change
implications. The transport sector already consumes nearly half of the world’s oil. But in urban areas
– both developing and developed countries, it is predominately mobile or vehicular pollution that
contributes to air quality problem.
The sources of pollutants includes exhaust given out by motor vehicles and industrial exhausts,
domestic cooking and unconventional burning as a part of tradition and heating, and high dust levels
due to local construction and ruff terrains, smoking, and long-range transport. By this the quality of
air has become excessively toxicated, Hence Bangalore faces the risk of both high emissions from
the vehicles and unfavorable conditions.
The rapid growth in motor vehicle activity has become a grave challenge to be solved in Bangalore
during the last and this decade. This has brought a serious range of socio-economic, environmental,
health, and welfare impacts on environmental degradation. The study of rapid growth of motor
vehicles in Bangalore is important not only because of their locally harmful air pollution effects, but
also because of their regional and global impacts, Hence this paper deals with the study of air
pollution caused by the automobiles in the city of Bangalore
About BENGALURU city Commonly known as Bangalore is the capital of the South Indian state of Karnataka. It has a
population of about 8.42 million and a metropolitan population of about 8.52 million, making it
the third most populous city and fifth most populous urban agglomeration in India. Located
in southern India on the Deccan Plateau, at a height of over 900 m (3,000 ft.) above sea
level,Bangalore is known for its pleasant climate throughout the year. Its elevation is the
highestamong the major large cities of India the total area of Urban Bangalore comprises of about
741 km2 (286 sq. miles), with vehicle registration starting with KA (KARNATAKA)
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
Bengaluru today is one of the most opted and globally recognized city in the country, with its rapid
growth in all the field especially in IT industry, a huge number of job opportunities are being
provided here, with the rising population in the city there
vehicle as well.
Rapid population growth because of IT and other associated industries in Bengaluru led to an
increase in the vehicular population to about 1.5 million, with an annual growth rate of 7
With the increase in population and the expansion of the city, the problem of connectivity of the
populace has arisen. Quite obviously personalized modes of transport have grown at a tremendous
rate and two wheelers along with the cars almost comprise 90% o
population in the city.
Two wheelers constitute more than 70% of the total volume, while cars comprise 15%, autos 4% and
the remaining 8% includes other vehicles such as buses, vans and tempos.
Impact of growth on Traffic (CONSIDERED ROADS
All or most of the roads are operating above their capacity and the volume: capacity ranges
from 1:2, 1:3 and 1:5
SL No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
• Travel speed has dropped to 15 kmph during the peak hours
• Insufficient or no parking spaces for vehicles
• Public transport vehicles vying for road space with private modes
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
Volume 02, Issue 11; November - 2016
Bengaluru today is one of the most opted and globally recognized city in the country, with its rapid
growth in all the field especially in IT industry, a huge number of job opportunities are being
provided here, with the rising population in the city there is corresponding increase
Rapid population growth because of IT and other associated industries in Bengaluru led to an
increase in the vehicular population to about 1.5 million, with an annual growth rate of 7
ith the increase in population and the expansion of the city, the problem of connectivity of the
populace has arisen. Quite obviously personalized modes of transport have grown at a tremendous
rate and two wheelers along with the cars almost comprise 90% of the total registered vehicular
Two wheelers constitute more than 70% of the total volume, while cars comprise 15%, autos 4% and
the remaining 8% includes other vehicles such as buses, vans and tempos.
(CONSIDERED ROADS)
or most of the roads are operating above their capacity and the volume: capacity ranges
Name of Road V/C Ratio
Nrupatunga Road 3.62
District Office Road 2.51
K.G. Road 2.51
Lalbagh Fort Road 2.67
Puttanna Chetty Road 2.45
Richmond Road 2.26
M.G. Road 2.26
Chord Road 2.51
Tumkur Road 2.62
Sankey Road 1.52
• Travel speed has dropped to 15 kmph during the peak hours
• Insufficient or no parking spaces for vehicles
Public transport vehicles vying for road space with private modes
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
[ISSN: 2455-1457]
Bengaluru today is one of the most opted and globally recognized city in the country, with its rapid
growth in all the field especially in IT industry, a huge number of job opportunities are being
in the number of
Rapid population growth because of IT and other associated industries in Bengaluru led to an
increase in the vehicular population to about 1.5 million, with an annual growth rate of 7-10%.
ith the increase in population and the expansion of the city, the problem of connectivity of the
populace has arisen. Quite obviously personalized modes of transport have grown at a tremendous
f the total registered vehicular
Two wheelers constitute more than 70% of the total volume, while cars comprise 15%, autos 4% and
or most of the roads are operating above their capacity and the volume: capacity ranges
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
Volume 02, Issue 11; November - 2016 [ISSN: 2455-1457]
@IJRTER-2016, All Rights Reserved 536
Year Bus fleet size ( BMTC No)
1997 1921
2000 2149
2008 5071
2009 5792
2010
2015
6113
6518
Vehicle Population in Bengaluru City (up to 30-11-2014)
Two Wheelers L.M.V A/R H.T.V H.G.V Others Total
3725435 1102977 146481 112914 72442 232598 5392847
II. AIR POLLUTION CAUSED BY VEHICLES Air pollution is a mixture of any harmful gaseous, liquid or solid particles or substances to the
atmosphere, which is effective enough to cause destruction to environment, human health on quality
of life in urban area that can endanger the health of even plants and animals, damage monuments
such as TAJ MAHAL (one of seven wonders located in Agra Delhi), reduction in visibility or release
undesirable odours. This increase in the number of vehicles has also led to increase in congestion.
Polluting such a natural resource by various human activities will substantially change the
composition of air. This may lead to many short term and long term implications on the life of plants
and animals. Besides the change in composition, the pollution may directly add some poisonous and
harmful gases - which may cause series of health complications.
Transportation is one of the major and important of economic activity and beneficial social
interactions. While the transportation sector is also a major source of air pollution in Bangalore,
estimated to account for nearly all of carbon monoxide (CO), more than 80% of nitrogen oxides
(NOx), 40% of volatile organic compounds (VOC), 20% of sulphur dioxide (SO2), and 35% of
PM10 in 1998. The growing problems related to traffic are congestion, accidents, pollution and lacks
of security are also very worrisome.
This is due to increase in the automobiles and the mobility of people, rapid urban growth, which is
likely to increase travel demand significantly in Bangalore city. Given current trends, by 2020 the
Bangalore city will have an 8.1million population there by becoming the 2nd
largest populated city in
India and most populated in south India.
The increase in the number of vehicles from transportation sector presents a wide range of issues viz.
air pollution, noise, congestion, accidents and increased travel time and delays. It was evident from
the existing information that air pollution controls are not only important and a current priority in the
INCREASE IN NUMBER OF VEHICLES UPTO
(2014 ONLY URBAN REGION)
YEAR Two wheelers LMV THREE WHEELERS
2011 28,09,977 7,73,677 1,08,089
2012 28,81,771 8,03,478 1,12,115
2013 31,58,447 8,94,558 2,84,664
2014 32,26,435 9,02,965 3,88,698
Source* BANGALORE CITY TRAFFIC
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
local context, but also can present a significant potential to control greenhouse gas emissions. Thus,
with an ultimate goal of greenhouse gas reduction, the present study has chosen air pollution control
as a strategic target from the transport sector due to its high greenhouse gas co
III. EFFECTS OF POLLUTION DURING CLIMATIC CHANGES
Unburnt petrol from two-wheelers most harmful C
KSPCB study. Rains dilute or wash out the pollutants in June to September. But between January
and April, when there are no rains, air sinks, and season is dry and the pollutants are trapped in the
air. The air sinks in winters, thus the pollutants like dust cannot rise so pollution levels are high. The
solution, he says, should be that vehicles should emit less pollution. It is important to solve the
problem at the source itself. The biggest contributors to risin
wheelers. It is not much from construction sites as large particles are emitted which do not enter our
nose. But the sub-micron particles which are emitted from vehicles are the most dangerous. This is
because, unlike in cars where there are filters and other device controls, in bikes unburnt petrol is
emitted which is highly dangerous and leads to cancer and heart attacks. He further explains that
Bangalore has a dry weather and is in
number of trees and lakes have also disappeared which once helped in striking a balance.
Eventually prolonged air pollution causes global warming
Data of vehicles registered in Bangalore
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
Volume 02, Issue 11; November - 2016
local context, but also can present a significant potential to control greenhouse gas emissions. Thus,
house gas reduction, the present study has chosen air pollution control
as a strategic target from the transport sector due to its high greenhouse gas co-benefits.
EFFECTS OF POLLUTION DURING CLIMATIC CHANGES
wheelers most harmful Climate Change, According to findings of the
KSPCB study. Rains dilute or wash out the pollutants in June to September. But between January
and April, when there are no rains, air sinks, and season is dry and the pollutants are trapped in the
inks in winters, thus the pollutants like dust cannot rise so pollution levels are high. The
solution, he says, should be that vehicles should emit less pollution. It is important to solve the
problem at the source itself. The biggest contributors to rising pollution, according to them, are two
wheelers. It is not much from construction sites as large particles are emitted which do not enter our
micron particles which are emitted from vehicles are the most dangerous. This is
e in cars where there are filters and other device controls, in bikes unburnt petrol is
emitted which is highly dangerous and leads to cancer and heart attacks. He further explains that
Bangalore has a dry weather and is in centre of the continent, unlike Chennai and Mumbai.The
number of trees and lakes have also disappeared which once helped in striking a balance.
Eventually prolonged air pollution causes global warming
Data of vehicles registered in Bangalore
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
[ISSN: 2455-1457]
local context, but also can present a significant potential to control greenhouse gas emissions. Thus,
house gas reduction, the present study has chosen air pollution control
benefits.
EFFECTS OF POLLUTION DURING CLIMATIC CHANGES limate Change, According to findings of the
KSPCB study. Rains dilute or wash out the pollutants in June to September. But between January
and April, when there are no rains, air sinks, and season is dry and the pollutants are trapped in the
inks in winters, thus the pollutants like dust cannot rise so pollution levels are high. The
solution, he says, should be that vehicles should emit less pollution. It is important to solve the
g pollution, according to them, are two-
wheelers. It is not much from construction sites as large particles are emitted which do not enter our
micron particles which are emitted from vehicles are the most dangerous. This is
e in cars where there are filters and other device controls, in bikes unburnt petrol is
emitted which is highly dangerous and leads to cancer and heart attacks. He further explains that
Chennai and Mumbai.The
number of trees and lakes have also disappeared which once helped in striking a balance.
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
Table1 - Data Of Registered Vehicles From Rto’s, And District Census Hand Book. Bangalore
Registered Vehicles And Their Forecast
Type of Vehicles 1980 1990
Two Wheelers 111750 458860
Three wheelers 10044 17379
Cars 31738 82205
Jeeps 3554 6376
Taxi 1120 2511
Buses 4671 4516
Trucks 8236 19149
Tractors 1929 1993
Trailers 1734 1723
Maxi cab * *
Others 549 3574
Total 175325 598286
IV. SOURCES OF Pollution from 2-wheelers: Two-wheelers account for about 70 percent of the total vehicular
population in Bangalore. Because of inherent drawbacks in the design of 2
wheelers emit about 20-40% of the fuel un
more than 65% of the hydrocarbons and nearly 50% of the carbon monoxide in Bangalore. As these
emissions are less visible, the general public is not aware of the role of 2
deteriorating air quality in the city. The 2
its design, will continue to be a high emitter of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. While the
absence of a technological breakthrough on the conventional 2
potential, it is for consideration that Government considers thephasing out of two
three wheelers.
Pollution from 3-wheelers: Of the 3, 88,698 three
total population of vehicles, they are petrol
also high emitters of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. A pollution check conducted by Regional
Transport Department has revealed that in some instances the levels are so high that they go beyond
the measurable scale of test instruments. In addition, it is widely believed that petrol is adulterated
with kerosene which results in emissions of thick black smoke.
Pollution from 4-wheelers: The Bangalore city is having9, 39,667 vehicles on the roads (Jeep
Taxi-32818 and Cars-697745) as it consist of both petrol and diesel driven vehicles. Excluding
interstate vehicles in the city area. These vehicles are also high emitters of carbon mon
hydrocarbons which pollutes the air. These consist of old as well as new vehicles in the city. The city
is having 18 percent of 4 wheelers which occupies maximum space on the road, it is one of the air
pollutants in the city. It is widely believe
emissions of thick black smoke.
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
Volume 02, Issue 11; November - 2016
Data Of Registered Vehicles From Rto’s, And District Census Hand Book. Bangalore
egistered Vehicles And Their Forecast
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
458860 1067430 2951520 4835610 6719700
17379 61424 115401 169378 223355
82205 201052 697745 1194438 1691131
6376 6827 9104 11381 13658
2511 6299 32818 59337 85856
4516 20656 35723 50790 65857
19149 41887 139573 237259 334945
1993 6158 20555 34952 49349
1723 5544 12487 19430 26373
4238 23153 42068 60983
3574 16542 84018 151494 218970
598286 1438057 4122097 6806137 9490177
SOURCES OF VEHICULAR AIR POLLUTION IN THE CITYwheelers account for about 70 percent of the total vehicular
population in Bangalore. Because of inherent drawbacks in the design of 2- stroke engines, 2
40% of the fuel un-burnt/partially burnt. Presently, two-wheelers account f
more than 65% of the hydrocarbons and nearly 50% of the carbon monoxide in Bangalore. As these
emissions are less visible, the general public is not aware of the role of 2-
deteriorating air quality in the city. The 2-stroke engine, in spite ofR&D efforts towards improving
its design, will continue to be a high emitter of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. While the
absence of a technological breakthrough on the conventional 2-stroke engine and its high pollution
eration that Government considers thephasing out of two
Of the 3, 88,698 three-wheelers in Bangalore nearly 3 percent of the
total population of vehicles, they are petrol-driven, powered by 2-stroke engines. These vehicles are
also high emitters of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. A pollution check conducted by Regional
Transport Department has revealed that in some instances the levels are so high that they go beyond
test instruments. In addition, it is widely believed that petrol is adulterated
with kerosene which results in emissions of thick black smoke.
The Bangalore city is having9, 39,667 vehicles on the roads (Jeep
697745) as it consist of both petrol and diesel driven vehicles. Excluding
interstate vehicles in the city area. These vehicles are also high emitters of carbon mon
hydrocarbons which pollutes the air. These consist of old as well as new vehicles in the city. The city
is having 18 percent of 4 wheelers which occupies maximum space on the road, it is one of the air
is widely believed that petrol is adulterated with kerosene which results in
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
[ISSN: 2455-1457]
Data Of Registered Vehicles From Rto’s, And District Census Hand Book. Bangalore
2030
6719700
223355
1691131
13658
85856
65857
334945
49349
26373
60983
218970
9490177
POLLUTION IN THE CITY wheelers account for about 70 percent of the total vehicular
stroke engines, 2-
wheelers account for
more than 65% of the hydrocarbons and nearly 50% of the carbon monoxide in Bangalore. As these
-wheelers in the
ite ofR&D efforts towards improving
its design, will continue to be a high emitter of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. While the
stroke engine and its high pollution
eration that Government considers thephasing out of two-stroke two and
wheelers in Bangalore nearly 3 percent of the
stroke engines. These vehicles are
also high emitters of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. A pollution check conducted by Regional
Transport Department has revealed that in some instances the levels are so high that they go beyond
test instruments. In addition, it is widely believed that petrol is adulterated
The Bangalore city is having9, 39,667 vehicles on the roads (Jeep-9104,
697745) as it consist of both petrol and diesel driven vehicles. Excluding
interstate vehicles in the city area. These vehicles are also high emitters of carbon monoxide and
hydrocarbons which pollutes the air. These consist of old as well as new vehicles in the city. The city
is having 18 percent of 4 wheelers which occupies maximum space on the road, it is one of the air
d that petrol is adulterated with kerosene which results in
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
Volume 02, Issue 11; November - 2016 [ISSN: 2455-1457]
@IJRTER-2016, All Rights Reserved 539
Pollution from BMTC and other privately operated buses: There are about 3,500 privately
operated BMTC buses of about 6518 buses in Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation
consists of 1 percent of the total population. About two thirds of the BMTC fleet is beyond the
recommended age of 4-5 years, some even beyond 8-10 years. Such as BMTC’S Marco polo which
emits excess dense black exhaust .Most of these buses require phasing out as their condition is
beyond normal maintenance measures. Their continued use has resulted in emissions of very high
levels of smoke and particulates from this the KSRTC, NWKSRTC, other State owned buses, and
the private and industrial busses. If such vehicles continue to function beyond the recommended age
and carry more than the permitted load of passengers. Overloading at peak hours: The buses,
particularly during peak hours, carry more than recommended load of passengers. These buses will
stops near the junctions and signal lights due to congestion of vehicles. This results in higher smoke
emissions during the peak hours. While high capacity buses require to be inducted for carrying
carrying more passengers. The worst polluters should be taken off the heavy traffic corridors and
high density areas. Similarly, for trucks, enforcement of laws related to overloading requires to be
enforced vigorously to BMTC and other state owned buses etc.
Pollution from diesel trucks: The diesel trucks consists of 3 percent in population, similar to buses,
emit high levels of smoke and particulate matter. An age limit needs to be specified for all
commercial diesel trucks 15 years but still it had remained in the paper. But still so many BBMP,
BESCOM and other Government.
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
1. Use of modern exhaust analyser
while vehicle is traveling down the road.
2. Use of Turbo Charger: The turbo Charger recirculates the exhaust gas into
there by ensuring complete combustion.
3. Servicing and maintaining: it is necessary to service and maintain one’s vehicle to counter harmful
exhaust and thereby reducing air pollution.
4. Minimum use of private Vehicles: Reducing vehicl
emissions by thousands of tones. Avoiding unnecessary driving is the most effective way to reduce
vehicle emissions
5. Day without car/ 2 wheeler: This is a new idea which has been accepted in different countr
to accept and implement ideas such as a car
DAY on every 4 of the month, in order to ensure less traffic congestion and contribute our small bit
in solving the environmental problems that confront
6. Traffic Management side: The present day traffic has to be maintained and planned in such
that the junctions, intersections, should be made as a traffic free corridor as it emits smoke in these
places which will effects the human health
7.Emission test by RTO: To suppress transport emissions, strict emission rules are being introduced
for new vehicles. An effective inspection and maintenance program for in use vehicles is essential
for reducing transport emissions the Regional Transport offices with environment experts.
8. Ban of 2 stroke vehicles: Emissions from 2
and maintenance programs and used of lubricating oil of correct quality and quantity. But the bes
option is to ban the use of 2-stroke engines in new motorcycles in
stroke engines may be slightly more expensive, but are cheaper to run as they are more fuel efficient
and last longer.
9. Growing more trees: as trees regulate our environment by maintaining systematic balance it is
necessary to grow as much as trees to suppress air pollution rate in the city.
Health concerns
People most susceptible to severe health problems from air pollution are:
• Individuals with heart disease
• Individuals with lung disease
disease (COPD)
• Pregnant women
• Outdoor workers
• Children under age 14, whose lung
• Athletes who exercise vigorously outdoors
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
Volume 02, Issue 11; November - 2016
V. REMEDIES analyser: To measures the pollutant level during the vehicle's exhaust
while vehicle is traveling down the road.
Use of Turbo Charger: The turbo Charger recirculates the exhaust gas into combustion chamber
there by ensuring complete combustion.
ervicing and maintaining: it is necessary to service and maintain one’s vehicle to counter harmful
exhaust and thereby reducing air pollution.
Minimum use of private Vehicles: Reducing vehicles use across the globe can cut carbon dioxide
Avoiding unnecessary driving is the most effective way to reduce
Day without car/ 2 wheeler: This is a new idea which has been accepted in different countr
to accept and implement ideas such as a car-free day, also it is celebrated by BMTC as the BUS
order to ensure less traffic congestion and contribute our small bit
in solving the environmental problems that confront us today.
Traffic Management side: The present day traffic has to be maintained and planned in such
that the junctions, intersections, should be made as a traffic free corridor as it emits smoke in these
places which will effects the human health and harms the environment.
7.Emission test by RTO: To suppress transport emissions, strict emission rules are being introduced
for new vehicles. An effective inspection and maintenance program for in use vehicles is essential
ns the Regional Transport offices with environment experts.
Ban of 2 stroke vehicles: Emissions from 2-stroke engines can be reduced by rigorous inspection
and maintenance programs and used of lubricating oil of correct quality and quantity. But the bes
stroke engines in new motorcycles in favour of 4-stroke engines. The 4
stroke engines may be slightly more expensive, but are cheaper to run as they are more fuel efficient
gulate our environment by maintaining systematic balance it is
necessary to grow as much as trees to suppress air pollution rate in the city.
People most susceptible to severe health problems from air pollution are:
ividuals with heart disease such as coronary artery disease or congestive heart failure
dividuals with lung disease such as asthma, emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary
Children under age 14, whose lungs are still developing
Athletes who exercise vigorously outdoors
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
[ISSN: 2455-1457]
: To measures the pollutant level during the vehicle's exhaust
combustion chamber
ervicing and maintaining: it is necessary to service and maintain one’s vehicle to counter harmful
es use across the globe can cut carbon dioxide
Avoiding unnecessary driving is the most effective way to reduce
Day without car/ 2 wheeler: This is a new idea which has been accepted in different countries and
it is celebrated by BMTC as the BUS
order to ensure less traffic congestion and contribute our small bit
Traffic Management side: The present day traffic has to be maintained and planned in such a way
that the junctions, intersections, should be made as a traffic free corridor as it emits smoke in these
7.Emission test by RTO: To suppress transport emissions, strict emission rules are being introduced
for new vehicles. An effective inspection and maintenance program for in use vehicles is essential
ns the Regional Transport offices with environment experts.
stroke engines can be reduced by rigorous inspection
and maintenance programs and used of lubricating oil of correct quality and quantity. But the best
stroke engines. The 4-
stroke engines may be slightly more expensive, but are cheaper to run as they are more fuel efficient
gulate our environment by maintaining systematic balance it is
such as coronary artery disease or congestive heart failure
such as asthma, emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
Volume 02, Issue 11; November - 2016 [ISSN: 2455-1457]
@IJRTER-2016, All Rights Reserved 541
High air pollution levels can cause immediate health problems:
• Aggravated cardiovascular and respiratory illness
• Added stress to heart and lungs, which must work harder to supply the body with oxygen
• Damaged cells in the respiratory system
Long-term exposure to polluted air can have permanent health effects:
• Accelerated aging of the lungs
• Loss of lung capacity
• Decreased lung function
• Development of diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and possibly cancer
• Shortened life span
VI. CONCLUSION From the research report it is clear that vehicular growth has been increasing year by year with
increasing in the human population it is necessary for people of Bangalore city make a bit in
reducing the pollution by minimizing the extensive use of private/own vehicles and use maximize
use of public transport system.
Even if there is a need in using their vehicle, it has to be well maintained, serviced and as per
regional transport vehicular emission control standards.
Government must bring out strict rules in view of promoting pollution free environment for the
vehicles new and old.
Regular use public transport such as BMTC, Metro, Monorail, and BRTS must be promoted for
intercity, and for long drives rather than self-vehicles to travel.
REFERENCES 1. Singh S K (2006): Future Mobility in India: implications for energy demand and CO2 emissions, Transport policy,
13, pp. 398-412
2. Sharma, C., Pundir, R., (2008): Inventory of greenhouse gases and other pollutants from the transport sector: Delhi,
Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science Engineering 5(2), pp. 117-124.
3. Bangalore citizen matters: http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/articles/pollution-in-bangalore-less-during-monsoons-
says-kspcb-data.
4. Bangalore city traffic police .govt/index rules & regulations
5. BMTC:www.bmtc.com/vision.and.mission, structure.
6. AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING- Dr .kripal Singh vol1, vol2
7. HARSH.M- Management Research and Practice Volume 4, Issue 3 / September 2012, ISSN 2067-2462
8. www.sparetheair.com/health/effects of airpollution
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