Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran 28(4): 349 - 358 (2017) http://jsciences.ut.ac.ir University of Tehran, ISSN 1016-1104
349
Study of Events and Phases in Robat-e Zengejeh Area (Southwestern Bardaskan)
M. Jamshidibadr*1, and N. S. Faramarzi2
1Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Payam Noor,Tehran, Islamic Republic of
Iran 2Department of Research and Development (R and D), Pars Kani Co. Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
Received: 24 July 2016 / Revised: 1 October 2016 / Accepted: 5 February 2017
Abstract
Robat-e Zengejeh rocks affected by a variety of events began from Precambrian. This research studied preserved effects of the events. Regional metamorphism is the oldest event in this rocks include schist, amphibolite and orthogneiss, that reached up to amphibolite facies. After this regional metamorphism, it seems that mesocratic (624±5Ma) and hololeucocratic granitoides intruded respectively. Mesocratic and hololeucocratic granitoides deformed to granite-gneiss and gneiss along the northern main fault. Moreover, amphibolites show strong lineation along the faults, which as well as petrographic evidences point to the effects of dynamometamorphism in the area. Meatmorphism followed by low-grade regional metamorphism (low-greenschist facies) affected by granitoids of Robat-e Zengejeh. low-grade regional metamorphism, acted as a retrograde metamorphism for the paragenesis of the previous regional metamorphism. Finally, a sodic metasomatism affected Robat-e Zengejeh rocks which its mineralogical and geochemical evidences are significant. Keywords: Robat-e Zengejeh granitoides; Regional metamorphism; Dynamometamorphism; Sodic metasomatism.
* Corresponding author: Tel: +982645383686; Fax: +982645383244; Email: [email protected]
Introduction The geology of Iran is immensely complicated
because of the collision between the micro-continents and the overprinting of many metamorphic and tectonic events, the result of from different geological evidence will provide good knowledge on rocks history [1-7]. Therefore, in this study is foused on the magmatic, metamorphic and metasomatic events and phases in Robat-e Zengejeh area.
Robat-e Zengejeh granitoids mostly composed of granodiorite, monzogranite, syenogranite and granite, located in 85 km southwestern Bardaskan city and
Zebarkouh Mountains (57º 24ʹ- 57º 36ʹ E and 35 º 46ʹ 3ʺ- 35 º 50ʹ 6ʺ N; Fig. 1)[8]. These rocks are exposed in a NE-SW trend along the Naiband fault. The activity of Naiband fault deformed granitoids to mylonites and granite-gneiss. Robat-e Zengejeh granitoids intruded within metamorphic rocks that mainly are phyllite, mica schist, amphibolite, and gneiss. In some parts of the granitic intrusions (particularly in the rim), mineralogy and texture is different from the primary igneous rocks which is pointing to metasomatic effect in the area. Beside these, high-grade (amphibolites facies) and low-grade (low-greenschist facies) regional metamorphic phases are affected Robat- Zengejeh rocks as well as
Vol. 28 No.
dynamometaphases are deach phase history of the
In this regranitic samsections wametasomatismgranitoids samples analUniversity, T(5kg) collecZengejeh grzircon grainliquid (Bromaformentiondalong with aNBS 610 Trdown to 20 µ[Sahandi, unp
So far, feRobat-e Zengaffected by Precambrian
Fig
4 Autumn 20
amorphism [9distinguishablwill help to e studied area
Materialsearch, 80 m
mples preparedas very imm evidencechemical colyzed using XTehran, Iran [cted from nranitoids) for ns were sepamoform) andd granitic roa zircon standrace Element µm. Zircon Upublished dat
Results aew studies havgejeh area [e.
many differ. According
ure 1. Location
017
9]. Since the le, focus on understandin.
ls and Methomicroscopic th
d. Study of mmportant fores. For deomposition,
XRF and ICP-ATable 1]. One
northestern pzircon U-Pb d
arated using d magnetic pock. Zircons dard and a co
Glass in epoU-Pb dating wta].
and Discussive been doneg. 8,9]. Howrent geologic to obtaine
n of Robat- Zen
M. Jamshidi
aforementiocharacteristicg the geolog
ods in sections frmicroscopic tr detectionetermination 23 non-alte
AES at Kharaze granitic sampart of Robadating. Aboutstandard he
procedures frwere moun
ouple of chipsoxy and polisas done in Ch
ion e on the rocks
wever, these rocal events fred results,
ngejeh granitoid
badr, and N. S
350
oned c of gical
rom thin
of of
ered azmi mple at-e t 20
eavy rom nted s of shed hina
s of ocks rom this
res
Thin
foron reaRograof it meand Th
holHointchemoholgraare2a)conandSp
ds shown in sim
S. Faramarzi.
search studied
he PrecambriaRobat-e ZengRegional me
rmation of schpetrological
ached up to obat-e Zengejeade metamorpInfra-Cambrican be con
etamorphic evd belong to Pr
he granitic maIn studied loleucocratic
ololeucocratic ruded in meemical classiostly plot in grloleucocratic anite regions e granular, m), perthitic andnsist of quartzd biotite (cohene (especi
mplified 1:25000
d the sequence
an regional mgejeh tamorphism ihist, amphibol
evidences, tamphibolite
eh do not showphism and noan overlay th
ncluded that ent is older recambrian.
agmatism area, two ty
granitoidegranitoides
esocratic typeifications, thranodiorite angranitoides
[9]. The mainmicrogranular d mylonitic (Fz, albite, micrommonly in ially in met
00 Geological M
J.
e of the events
metamorphism
in the studiedlite and orthothe metamorpfacies. The w evidence ofon-metamorphhe metamorph
the relative than granitic
types of mees are dis are younes. Based on
he mesocraticnd monzogran
lie in syenn textures in tporphyritic,
Fig. 2b). The mrocline, perthi
mesocratic tasomatic roc
Map of Ferdous
Sci. I. R. Iran
s.
m of basement
d area led togneiss. Basedphism gradegranitoids off such a high-hic sedimentsic rocks [10],
age of thec magmatism
esocratic andistingushable.ger becausen modal andc granitoidesnite fields, butnogranite andthe granitoidsgraphic (Fig.main mineralsite, orthoclase
granitoides).cks), apatite,
s [8].
n
t
o d
f -s , e
m
d . e d s t d s . s e . ,
zircon and Robat-e Zenprocess caussericite, epidZengejeh grdiagram; Figbased on [microscopic by Chappell (Fig. 3d) the
Table 1. XRare same for
muscovite arngejeh granie to form somdote, calcite anitoids are p
g. 3a) and belo[12] diagramand geochemand White [1source of stu
RF (for Oxides) all pictures.
Study of
re the accessitoids. In thisme secondary
and clay mperaluminous
ong to calc-alkm; Fig. 3b).mical characte
3] (Fig. 3c) audied granitoid
and ICP-AES (
f Events and P
sory mineralss area, alteratminerals such
minerals. Robas (based on [kaline series (. According eristic introduand ACF diagrds is I-type. T
(for elements) a
Phases in Rob
351
s in tion h as at-e [11] (e.g.
to uced ram
They
ploand[e.grathethegracanaft
analysis results
bat-e Zengejeh
ot in volcanic d f) and belog. 15 and 16]anitoids intrudeir compositioe existence anitoids and an be concluder regional am
from the Roba
h Area …
arc granites ong to post c] (Figs. 4a anded in older reon tend to gra
regional mplite apophys
ded that granmphibolite fac
at- Zengejeh gra
(VAG) area [collision mag
nd b). the Robegional metamanodiorite in
metamorphic sis in metamornitic magmatcies metamorp
anitoieds. Prese
[14] (Figs. 3egmatism zonebat- Zengejeh
morphic rocks,their contact,xenoliths inrphic rocks, itism occurred
phism.
ented symbols
e e h , ,
n t d
Vol. 28 No.
U-Pb ZirconZircon not
Figure 3. A)Yb /Ta diagrdiagram; E aSymbol are p
4 Autumn 20
n dating t only is frequ
Figure 2. texture in
) ploting sampleram [12]; C) ploand F) The mospresented in Tab
017
uent as an inde
A) Graphic texgranitoides nex
es in peraluminoting samples ist samples are pble 1.
M. Jamshidi
ependent mine
xture in Robat-xt to fault zone
nous area in Shain I-type area inplot in volcanic
badr, and N. S
352
eral in als
- Zangijeh gran(XPL; sample F
and [11] diagran Na2O vs. K2Oc arc related gra
S. Faramarzi.
mesocratic gso as inclusion
nitoids (XPL; sF16 ).
am; B) ploting O diagram [13]anites Rb vs. Y
ranites of Rons in biotites (
ample N37); B
samples in Calc]; D) ploting sa
Y+Nb and Nb v
J.
obat-e Zengej(Fig. 5a). The
B) mylonitic
c-alkaline area amples in I-typevs. Y diagrams
Sci. I. R. Iran
eh area, bute existence of
in Yb /Ce vs. e area in ACF [14]. Sign of
n
t f
two 'paralleland 235U to 2
granites withdata] (Fig. 5the concordiage of zirconreflect the abehavior andbeen some dlower interceRobat-e ZengU–Pb age of age of the gintercept refcontemporanevent could b
Figure 4. A)(post-COLG)
Figure 5. A) sample F49);[Sahandi, unp
' uranium-lea207Pb) of zircohin the U–Pb b). In this apa and the discn crystallizatiage of the evd therefore thedisagreement ept ages; [17]gejeh mesocr
f 624±5 Ma (Ngranite crystalflect the age
neous with labe considered
) samples plote) and volcanic a
Zircon inclusi; B) Concordia published data]
Study of
ad decay routeons leads to dsystem [Sahaproach, the ucordia line reion, while thevent that led e lead loss (alregarding the). The analysiratic granites Neoproterozoillization. More of 151±14
ate Cimmeriand as a main fa
ed in Post-Orogarc related gran
ons (with distin and discordia .
f Events and P
es (238U to 20
dating mesocrandi, unpublisupper intercep
flect the origie lower interc
to open systlthough there e meaning of is of zircon frshow concordic) which refereover, the low4 Ma whichn Orogeny. Tactor causing
genic granites iites area in Rb/
nctive dark halodiagram show
Phases in Rob
353
06Pb ratic shed t of inal cept tem has the
rom dant er to wer
h is This
the
lowe mo
shograconage±1VoSagyouNeint
in Al2O3 vs. Si/Zr vs. SiO2 dia
os formed by rwing zircon U-P
bat-e Zengejeh
w grade (greenZengejeh r
orphism. Results obtaow that Lateanitoids and ntinental struce of the grano1 Ma) [22] o
olcano-Sedimeghand regionunger ages,
eoproterozoic-erpretation.
O2 diagram [15agram [16].
radioactive decaPb data from m
h Area …
nschist faciesrocks as we
ained from re Neoprotero
granitic gnectural zones oodiorites of noor dacite-porpentary Unit n (528±1 M all rocks
-Early Camb
5]; B) All samp
ay) in biotites omesocratic grani
s) metamorphiell as their
recent studieozoic to Eareisses are prof Iran. Althouortheastern Baphyries from t(CVSU) in
Ma) [19] dems are belo
brian and co
mples lie within
of mesocratic gites of Robat-
ism of Robat-dynamometa-
s [e.g.18-21]rly Cambrianresent in allugh the U-Pbardaskan (553the Cambrianthe southern
monstrate theong to theonfirm above
post-collision
granites, (PPL, Zengejeh area
--
] n l b 3 n n e e e
Vol. 28 No.
Dynamometagranite-gneis
Robat-e mylonitized northern majshow strong thin sectionstexture (Fig. wedge-shapeplagioclase (plagioclase tgranite-gneisamphiboles aresults of dyrocks.
The dyname Zengejeh (mylonitizatithe event:
A- It is deformation The observedeformation demonstrate high as 300-dynamometa
4 Autumn 20
amorphism iss)
Zengejeh granites an
or and minor lineation alo
s, presence o 6a), mylonit
ed twinning (Fig. 6b), bentwinning (espsses; Fig. 6calong the brecynamometamo
mometamorph granitoids
ion). The foll
clear that at lower tem
d ductile defoin feldspars omylonitizatio
-400 ºC whicamorphism [24
Figure 6. A)interfingeringplagioclase tbrecciated zon
017
(mylonitized
granitoids nd granite-gnfaults. Moreo
ong the faultsof single myrtic texture, irrand interfing
nding in biotitpecially in myc) as well cciated zones orphism in R
hism occurredis as high alowing eviden
quartz expmperatures thaformation in qof studied myon occurred ach is related t4](Fig. 6a).
Perthite texturg growth in pltwinning due tnes (XPL; samp
M. Jamshidi
granitoids a
deformed neiss along over amphibol. In microsco
rmekite, perthregular twinni
gering growthte cleavages ylonitized auas lineation (Fig. 6d) are
Robat-e Zenge
d in some Robas medium-grnce confirm t
eriences ducan feldspar [2quartz and brilonitic granito
at tempreturesto medium-gr
re in augen gnlagioclases of to stress (XPLple F63).
badr, and N. S
354
and
to the
lites opic hitic ing,
h in and
ugen in
the ejeh
bat-rade that
ctile 23]. ittle oids s as rade
linmenotdyn
depgraZeat m La
gregne(grme(amareof evirocregthaaftand
neiss (XPL; sambrecciated gra
L; sample N55
S. Faramarzi.
B- Myloniticear myloniti
edium-grade dt seen in cnamo-metamoC- Lack of ppth with the ade dynamomngejeh granimedium-grade
ate CimmerianRobat-e Zen
eenschist facieissic foliatioreenschist facetamorphism mphibolite facea, the Infra-CBahram Formidence. Sahancks of Zebar-Kgional metamoat the low-grer Carboniferd Schmidt [25
mple N27); B) nites (XPL; sa5); D) lineatio
c granitoids oc fabrics whdynamometamcataclastic ororphic rocks. pseudotachylirange of 5–10metamorphismtoids indicatine dynamometa
n low-grade rengejeh rockies (e.g. the on in some gcies) metamoon the prev
cies) metamorCambrian dol
mation (Devonndi et al. [10] Kouh (e.g. phorphism, thererade regionalrous. On the 5] confirmed t
Wedge-shapedample N19); Con in amphibo
J.
of Robat- Zewhich is charmorphism. Thr other low
ite (which for0 km and be
m) in deformng mylonitizaamorphism.
regional metamks metamorphformation of
granitoids). Torphism act avious regionarphic rocks. Ilomites and thnian) show recbelieve that C
hyllites) showefore it could l metamorphiother hand,
that the Jurass
d twinning and C) Bending of oles along the
Sci. I. R. Iran
engejeh showracteristic of
his fabric hastemperature
rm within thelong to high-med Robat-eation occurred
morphism hosed up to
f phyllite andhe low-gradeas retrogradeal high-gradeIn the studiedhe limestonescrystallizationCarboniferousw a low-grade
be concludedism occurredDavoudzadehsic sandstones
n
w f s e
e -e d
o d e e e d s n s e d d h s
and shales granitoids swhich couldoccurred a Cimmerian). interpretationSahandi (15Orogeny co(greenschist dynamometa Metasomatis
Evidencef
Figure 7. Ametasomatic metasomatismsample N39)area (XPL; sa
from northshow low-grad be indicatin
thermal eveBased on
n of the low1± 14 Ma; thould be resp
facies) mamorphism in
sm effects on for the presenc
A) Mylonitic tegranite (XPL;
m (XPL; samp); E) Neoform ample F16); F)
Study of
heastern Roade regional
ng such a meent in middln results
wer intercept his paper) theponsible for
metamorphism Robat-e Zeng
Robat-e Zengce of metasom
exture in granitsample N39); C
ple F49); D) Alalbite rim arouThe frequency
f Events and P
obat-e Zengel metamorphetamorphism e Jurassic (and our nage obtained
e late Cimmerthe low-gras well
gejeh rocks.
gejeh rocks matism are:
tes within the C) Chess-boardlbitization in aund K-feldsparsy of sphene in a
Phases in Rob
355
ejeh hism
has (late new
by rian rade
as
Zeprodis
memylikis can bea
fault zone. (Xd texture in plagalkali feldspars s in mylonitic
a mylonitic gran
bat-e Zengejeh
A- The existMylonitic tengejeh rocks,ocess and the stinguishable iB- The formSingle or
etasomatism inyrmekites in se. On the othecharacteristic active tecton
aring sample
XPL; sample Ngioclase indicatfrom studied m
granites indicanite (XPL; samp
h Area …
tence of mylonexture which, provide a comost evidencin mylonitic g
mation of singwart-like mn an active tetudied granitier hand, myrmfor those form
nic conditiones, evidence
39); B) Singleting interactionmylonitic and mting Na-metasople F49).
nitic texture: h is commonondition for mce of this metagranites (Fig. 7gle or wart-likmyrmekite foectonic conditic rocks are simekites are anrm due to metn. However, i
such as pre
e or wart-like n of shearing strmetasomatic gomatism in Rob
n in Robat-metasomatismasomatism are7a). ke myrmekite:orm due totion [26]. Allingle or wart-nhedral whichtasomatism inin myrmekiteeservation of
myrmekite in ress and sodic ranites (XPL; bat- Zengejeh
- m e
o l -h n e f
Vol. 28 No.
original textudecline their role of fluidformation (F
C- The plagioclase a
Chess-boarepeated cryshearing streOn the othealkali feldspobserved memylonitic and
D- The ofeldspars:
Neoform feldspars durfrequently semylonitic gra
E- SphenSphene su
scale K- and
Figure 8. A)B) DownwardemonstratinZengejeh are
4 Autumn 20
ure (e.g. pertir exsolution ods in metasomig. 7b). formation o
and alkali feldard texture ystallization ress and sodic er side, the alpars, which isetasomatic evid metasomatic
occurrence of
albite rim oring Na-metaeen around K-anites (Fig. 7ene's abundancuggests impo
d Na-metasom
) The crystallizard slope in K
ng the role of ea.
017
ite and granorigin but also
matism as we
of chess-boadspar albitizatiin plagioclasesult from thmetasomatism
lbitization of s one of the idences, is comc granites (Figneoform albit
occurs at theasomatism [19-feldspars in Re). e:
ortant implicamatism and mo
ation of two larK2O-Na2O diag
metasomatism
M. Jamshidi
ophyric) not oo demonstrateell as myrmek
ard texture ion: se form durhe interactionm [27] (Fig. 7f plagioclase
most frequenmmon in studg. 7d). te rim around
e borders of 9]. Such a rimRobat-e Zenge
ations for larobility of Ti [
rge albite minerram show an
m; D) Non-line
badr, and N. S
356
only the kite
in
ring n of 7c). and ntly died
d K-
K-m is ejeh
rge-[28-
33]conrocme
fin
mecryflu
of thoaredat
NaK2we[34
rals in fine-graincrease in N
ear trend in N
S. Faramarzi.
]. The frequntaining myrmcks of Robat-etasomatism pF- The crys
ne-grained groUsually, larg
etasomatic grystallization cauids cause met
G- PetrograpBased on micminerals, it i
ose granites we significantlyta confirm petH- GeochemSome geoche
a2O content inO-Na2O (Fig.
ell as non-line4] can be resu
ined groundmaNa versus K; C
a2O-SiO2 diagr
ency of sphemekite and its-e Zengejeh
process (Fig. 7stallization ofundmass of mge albite miranites of than be due to thtasomatism (Fphical evidenccroscopic studis clear albite
which show evy more than trological evid
mical evidenceemical eviden
n mylonitic gr. 8b) and Rb-ar trend in Na
ulted from Na
ass of myloniticC) Downward ram confirm N
J.
ene in mylons absence in i can be evid
7f). f large albite
mylonitic graninerals are rhe studied athe existence oFig. 8a). ces: dies and modae crystals in mevidences of m
K-feldspars. dence. es: nces such asranites, decreaSiO2 (Fig. 8ca2O-SiO2 (Figa-metasomatis
c granite (XPL;
slope in Rb-Na-metasomatis
Sci. I. R. Iran
nitic granitesintact graniticdence for the
e minerals innites: rare in non-area so theirof Na-bearing
al calculationmylonitic andmetasomatismGeochemical
s increase inasing trend in) diagrams as
g. 8d) diagramsm of Robat-e
sample F16); SiO2 diagram sm in Robat-
n
s c e
n
-r g
d m l
n n s
m e
Study of Events and Phases in Robat-e Zengejeh Area …
357
Zengejeh granites. Conclusion
Based on the new interpretation of U-Pb age data (this paper), the field observations as well as petrological and geochemical evidences, it’s possible to determine geological events occurred in Robat-e Zengejeh area. It seems that the amphibolite facies metamorphism occurred before 624±5 Ma. In 624±5 Ma ago, mesocratic granites intruded in older regional metamorphic rocks and shortly afterwards hololeucocratic granites intruded in mesocratic units. Both mesocratic and hololeucocratic granites show similar petrological and geochemical characteristics, it can be concluded that they are similar and derived from a same magmatic source. After Robat-e Zengejeh magmatism, a dynamometamorphism overprinted the rocks. Deformation of granites to mylonite and granite-gneiss with mineralogical evidences as well as the occurrence of strong lineation in amphibolites along the northern faults are consequences of this event. Based on petrographic studies, Robat-e Zengejeh dynamometamorphism estimated as high as medium-grade (mylonitization). Then Robat-e Zengejeh rocks metamorphed in greenschist facies (e.g. phyllite). According to field study, the second age obtained by U-Pb geochronology (151±14 Ma) and previous results, it can be concluded that the late Cimmerian orogeny could be responsible for the low-grade (greenschist facies) metamorphism as well as dynamometamorphism in Robat-e Zengejeh rocks. Finally, sodic metasomatism overprinted some parts of Robat-e Zengejeh granites.
Acknowledgments The authors would like to express their gratitude to
Mr. Sahandi for permission to present analysis of the dating in this paper.
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