Structure diagram for stainless steel weld metal

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References/1/ Schaeffler A.L. 1949. Metal

progress, 56 (11) p.680-680B/2/ DeLong W.T. 1974. Welding

Journal, 53 (8) p. 273s-286s/3/ Siewert T.A., McCowan C.N.,

Olson D.L. 1988. WeldingJournal 12 (1988) p. 289s-298s

/4/ Kotecki D.J., Siewert T.A.1992. Welding Journal 5(1992) p. 171s-178s

/5/ Kotecki D.J. 1982. WeldingJournal Nov. (1982) p.352s-361s

/6/ Schafmeister P., Ergang R.1939. Arch. Eisenhüttenwesen12 (1939) p. 459-464

/7/ Farrar J.C.M. 2004.IIW DOC II-1531-04

Ferrite determination• Optical scanning Accuracy depends on etching and

equipment. Related standard: ASTM E 562 - 99• Magnet tearing-off force Standards for Ferrite Number

(FN) determination: ISO 8249 and AWS A4.2 - 97. Coverrange of FN 0-85. Torsion balance (e.g. Magne Gage) calibrated with coating thickness standards (NIST).Other devices, to be calibrated on secondary standards.

• Magnetic Induction Devices as Fisher Ferritoscope, to be calibrated on secondary standards.

• The measurement of Ferrit Number (FN) in RealWeldments. Final Report of IIW Round Robin /7/

• Chemical composition, position in structure diagrams- Schaeffler Diagram /1/ - WRC 1988 Diagram /3/- DeLong Diagram /2/ - WRC 1992 Diagram /4/

Lincoln Electric Europe combined the latest and most accura-te WRC 1992 diagram with the basis, the Schaeffler Diagramfor optimal estimation of structure and ferrite content.

A most complete range of consumables for welding CrNi-steel gradesWeld Metal structure Classification 1) Position in Welding processes:

Applocation Diagram SMAW FCAW GTAW/GMAW SAW

Austenitic 19 9 L A Vertarosta 304L Cor-A-Rosta 304L LNT/LNM 304LSi LNS 304L / P2000General corrosion Arosta/Limarosta 304L

Limarosta 304L-130 Cor-A-Rosta P304LJungo 304L

19 9 Nb A Arosta 347/Jungo 347 Cor-A-Rosta 347 LNT/LNM 347Si LNS 347 / P2000

19 12 3 L B Vertarosta 316L Cor-A-Rosta 316L LNT/LNM 316LSi LNS 316L / P2000Arosta/Limarosta 316LLimarosta 316L-130 Cor-A-Rosta P316LJungo 316L

19 12 3 Nb B Arosta 318/Jungo 318 LNT/LNM 318Si LNS 318 / P2000

Ferritic- Austenitic 22 9 3 N L C Arosta 4462 Cor-A-Rosta 4462 LNT/LNM 4462 LNS 4462 / P2000(duplex/super-duplex) Jungo 4462 Cor-A-Rosta P4462Stress corrosion Z 25 7 4 N L EM LNT/LNM Zeron 100M LNS Zeron 100M / P2000

25 9 4 N L EX Jungo Zeron 100X LNT/LNM Zeron 100X LNS Zeron 100X / P2000

Fully Austenitic 18 16 5 N L F Arosta 4439/Jungo 4439 Cor-A-Rosta 317L LNT/LNM 4439Mn LNS 4439Mn / P2000Special corrosion 19 13 4 N L G Jungo 4455 LNT/LNM 4455 LNS 4455 / P2000

20 25 5 Cu H Jungo 4500 LNT/LNM 4500 LNS 4500 / P2000

25 22 2 N L I Jungo 4465 LNT/LNM 4465 LNS 4465 / P2000

27 31 4 Cu L J NiCro 31/27 LNT/LNM 31/27 LNS 31/27 / P2000

Austenitic-Ferritic 18 8 Mn K Arosta 307/Jungo 307 LNT/LNM 307Mn LNS 307 / P2000Dissimilar joints / 20 10 3 L NichromaBuffer layers

23 12 L M Arosta/Limarosta 309S Cor-A-Rosta 309L LNT/LNM 309LSi LNS 309L / P2000Limarosta 309S-130 Cor-A-Rosta P309L

23 12 Nb M Arosta 309Nb

23 12 2 L N Arosta 309Mo Cor-A-Rosta 309MoLNichroma 160 Cor-A-Rosta P309MoL

29 4 O Arosta 329 LNS 329 / P2000

29 9 P Limarosta 312

Austenitic 19 9 H Q Arosta 304H LNT/LNM 304H LNS 304H / MIL 800HHigh temperature 22 12 R Arosta 309H

25 20 S Intherma 310 LNT/LNM 310 LNS 310 / P2000

60 70 80 %Fe

1,3

1,4

1,5

1,6

1,7

Correlation % Ferrite &Ferrite NumberVolumetric % Ferrite (estimated NFN) correlates with Ferrite Number: NFN = FN

f

Factor f, depends on iron content (%Fe) inweld metal /5/

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atur

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ConstitutionDiagramsSolidificationstructure schematic in binary constitution diagrams /6/

Fe-Cr for 70% Fe

Fe-Cr for60% Fe

Solidification modeA: Fully austenitic (�) at room temperature

AF: Primary austenite (�), interdendritic ferrite (�)

FA: Peritectic solidification (�+�), transformationon cooling to austenite; remaining ferrite innetwork

F: primary ferrite (�), formation of austenite (�)in ferrite (�) matrix

Arosta 4439FN=0 Solidification mode: A

Arosta 309HFN=3 Solidification mode: AF

Arosta 316LFN=7 Solidification mode: FA

Limarosta 309SFN=15 Solidification mode: FA

Arosta 4462FN=35 Solidification mode: F

20 �m 20 �m 20 �m 20 �m 20 �m

Ferrite in the weld metal structure

1) Alloy symbols as used in EN standards (viz. EN 1600, EN 12072 and EN 12073

Schaeffler diagram: Cr-equiv.=Cr+Mo+1.5Si+0.5Nb

Sch

aeffl

er d

iagr

am:

Ni-e

quiv.

=N

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C+

0.5M

n