Status and perspectives of an RFQ based neutron facility in Italy
Enrico FagottiEnrico FagottiINFN – Legnaro National Laboratory
L. Antoniazzi, P. Colautti, M. Comunian, V. Conte, J. Esposito, F. Grespan, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent, C. Roncolato, C. Ceballos Sanchez
D. Moro, L. De Nardo
L. Evangelista, G. Sotti
O tli
Project overview
Outline
Project overview
BNCT application
High intensity accelerator statusHigh intensity accelerator statusProton source
Low energy beam transportLow energy beam transport
RFQ
Beryllium target and neutron beam shapingBeryllium target and neutron beam shapingassembly
Project overviewProject overviewAn accelerator-driven high intensity neutron source at INFN-LNL
RF distribution
Klystron
Operating room withepithermal neutronsource TRASCO
TRASCO‐RFQ
TRIPS proton source
BNCT surgery with thermal neutron source SPES BNCT
High level waste irradiation
IFMIF
irradiation
Main parameters
Accelerator type: LINACP t t t 50 A
Main parameters
Proton current: up to 50 mAProton energy: 5 MeVTime structure: up to CW Beam power: up to 250 kWNeutron converter: BeOperative power density on Be target: 700 Watt/cm2Operative power density on Be target: 700 Watt/cmNeutron source intensity: 1014 s-1
Main application: BNCT
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT)Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT)
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is an experimental binaryradiotherapy which exploits the neutron capture reaction 10B(n α)7Liradiotherapy which exploits the neutron capture reaction B(n,α) Li induced by thermal neutrons (<E> = 25 meV).The α-particle and 7Li recoiling nucleus are high LET and short range (< mean cell diameter ≈ 10 μm) particles able to deposit their
d 10 d d
BPA
energy entirely inside the 10B loaded cell.
BSH
In this way the selectivity of BCNT depends on 10B distribution and not on the irradiation field
BPA BSH
In this way the selectivity of BCNT depends on 10B distribution and not on the irradiation field. This feature makes BNCT a valid option against the diffused tumorsAnother crucial aspect for the good outcome of the treatment in the availability of 10B carriersable to realize a selective delivery. The clinically approved molecules are BSH and BPA. Nowaday, the major challenge in BNCT research is the development ofmore dedicated carrieris.
BNCT at Pavia: the TAOrMINA method(Trattamento Avanzato d’Organi Mediante Irraggiamento Neutronico e g ggAutotrapianto)
The therapeutic concept is based on the irradiation of the isolated, previously 10BPA-infused organ in a neutron field where neutrons coming from all directions can irradiate the whole liverAf BPA i f i h li i I i h d d d h i fl d i di d i hAfter BPA infusion the liver is removed from the patient body
It is washed andput into 2 teflon bags
and then put into a tefloncontainer
and irradiated into the reactor
Two terminal patients affected with colon adenocarcinoma liver metastases were treated in Pavia with the TAOrMINAt eated Pav a w t t e T O M Nmethod between 2001 and 2003.In both cases, about 10 days after treatment the CT scanning evidenced the liver in normal condition while the adenocarcinomawmetastases appeared in a necrotic state.
PSTATUS
Ip ≈ 45 mA
Proton source
p
E = 80 KeVεn,rms < 0.1 mm-mradφb(z = 200 mm) = 34 mmB ti t t CW
PS developed at LNS (2000)
Beam time structure: CW
NEAR FUTUREφb(z = 200 mm) = 10 mmφb( )[New extractor design] [LNL]
PS optimized at LNL with magnetic shielding (2007)
Beam time structure: CW & pulsed[Magnetron pulser] [LNL & DEE/UPV]
Low energy beam transportFast Emittance Scanner (FES): high resolution q-
Low energy beam transport
(FES): high resolution qq’ rms emittance in less than 2 seconds
LEBT developed at LNL
STATUSLEBT ready for assembly with solenoids, pumping system, non interceptive profile and current diagnostics, interceptive profiler and termination FC.
Solenoids developed at LNL
NEAR FUTURENeutralized transport optimization FGA development
Solenoids developed at LNLLEBT control system upgradee-trap construction
RFQ tRFQ: parametersParameter Value UnitEnergy In/Out 0.08/5.02 MeVFrequency 352 2 MHz
• 3 electromagnetic segments 2.4 meters long• 2 resonant coupling cells + dipole stabilizersFrequency 352.2 MHz
Proton Current (CW) 50 mAEmit. t. rms.n. in/out 0.20/0.21 mm-mradEmit. l. rms. 0.19 MeV-degRFQ length 7.13 m (8.4 λ)Intervane Voltage 68 KV (1.8 Kilp.)
• 2 resonant coupling cells + dipole stabilizers• each segment consists of two 1.2 meters long
modules (basic construction units)
g ( p )Transmission (Waterbag) 97.7 %Q0 (SuperFish) 10000Q0 (measured) 8100Beam Loading 0.148 MWRF Power dissipation 0.847 MW
C
Cooling Channel Q1 Q4
Braze JointA
B
Vacuum
Q1 Q4
Q3 Q2
D Port
RFQ t i2010. Low power RF measurements.- Field and frequency tuning with aluminum0.01
0.02
mpo
nents Quadrupole
Dipole1
Dipole2
RFQ: tuning
q y gcouplers
- Copper Tuners and Copper End Plates with RF contactsQ 8100 (SF 9900)
‐0.01
0
Perturba
tive field com Dipole2
- Q0=8100 (SF 9900)- Final High Power Coupler design (3D
HFSS simulations) and Coupler Production
‐0.020 0.5 1 1.5 2
z axis [m]
E.Fagotti
High technology part (RFQ cavity, RF distribution, local cooling/tuning system local control system) was developedcooling/tuning system, local control system) was developed
Conventional installation (Klystron and conventional power supplies, secondary cooling system, building ) is required.
According to an agreement between INFN and CEA couplers andAccording to an agreement between INFN and CEA, couplers and RFQ are under high power test at Saclay.
RFQ RF l hi h t t
March 2011 10 kW couplers test
RFQ: RF coupler high power test
June 2011150 kW couplers test10 kW couplers test 150 kW couplers test
RF Amplifier
lay
CE
A S
acl
LNL
C l hi h l (1st J l d )Coupler high power test results (1st July update)
120000
140000
160000
Coupler conditioning at 2ms ‐ 100 ms
100
120
Coupler conditioning at CW
60000
80000
100000
Power ‐Watt
FWD‐1
FWD‐2
40
60
80
Power ‐kW
FWD‐1
FWD‐2
0
20000
40000
9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
0
20
40
08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:009:00 0:00 :00 :00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00
time
08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00
time
RFQ hi h t t
RFQ high power test stand is under construction.First test foreseen after summer
RFQ: high power test
First test foreseen after summer.
Milestones:• 1° Segment RFQ test→300 kW• Check of the water cooling/tuning system
Th B t t tThe Be proton-neutron converter
1. Be-tile brazed cooling pipes with Zr adapters 3. collector plates welding & EDM manufacturing process
2. Zr cooling system manifold & collector plates 4. Half target: final assembling ready for e-beam test
Th B t t t t ltThe Be target test result summary
Test type Test performed Main test results Test
passedyp p
passed
Thermal-mechanicalNumber of cycles: 2350
~ 10 times higher than requested(200)
• No any visible damage
• No cracks observed at metallographic analyses YES(200)
• Reliability better than expected
• Material hardening level half than expected
Radiation damage: neutron
Proper neutron fluence levels (1018-1020 cm-2)
• Mechanical properties not compromised even at higher dose levels (~0.1 dpa)
• He bubbles generation observed at higher d l l l ( 0 08 d )
YESdose levels only (~0.08 dpa)
• Lifetime estimation: 3100 hrs (doubled) with respect to design parameters (1600 hrs) =1yr
Radiation damage: proton Preparation of experimental set-up In progress
Th B Sh i A bl d liBe-9 thick target neutron spectra @ 4 MeV proton beam
1.4E+08In‐air beam port quality design requirements
The Beam Shaping Assembly modeling
1.0E+08
1.2E+08
roC
*sr)
]
0 degree Vol.1 7-ISCNT
0 deg.60 deg.
110 deg.135 deg.
148 deg.
n th (≤ 0.5 eV) ≥ 109 [cm‐2 s‐1]
n th / n total ≥ 0.90
‐Double‐differential neutron yielding spectra Be(p xn) at Ep=5MeV
‐ Proton beam distribution over the target
4.0E+07
6.0E+07
8.0E+07
Yiel
d [n
/(MeV
*mic
r
Dn epi+fast / n th ≤ 2∙ 10‐13[Gy cm2]
D / n th ≤ 2∙ 10‐13[Gy cm2]
∙∙
B P t‐Double‐differential neutron yielding spectra Be(p,xn) at Ep=5MeV
Howard, et.al., 2001. Nuc. Sci. Eng., 138, 145‐160.0.0E+00
2.0E+07
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
n th y
Current Status of BNCT. IAEA‐TECDOC‐1223, IAEA. May 2001
Beam Port(10x10 cm2)
Neutron emission points simulated over the entire beryllium surfaces. Be(p,xn) data for 4 MeV protons
Energy (MeV)
B ( ) i ldi d E 5 M V
Howard, et.al., Measurement of the thick‐target 9Be(p,n) Neutron Energy Spectra, Nuc. Sci. Eng., 138, 145‐160, (2001)The only one experimental measurements available so far ……TOF technique, MIT (2000)
Be(p,xn) neutron yielding and spectra at E = 5 MeV
Be(p,xn) neutron spectra at 0 deg for some energies
Total neutron yield measured at Ep= 4 MeV: Yn 1.05∙1012 s‐1mA‐1
Neutron source gain factor expected at Ep= 5 MeV 2.8 Yn ~2.9∙1012 s‐1mA‐1
Ep=5 MeV Be(p,xn) thick target neutron spectra measurements at the 6 MeV Van de Graff accelerator at LNL new p-recoil detector (Milan Polytechnic)
Be(p,xn) all measured neutron spectra
1E9
Si-Telescope
1E9 1E9Be(p,xn) neutron spectra comparison with at 0 deg
eld sr-1)
p TOF (Howard et al., 2001)
1E8
Neu
tron
Yie
MeV
-1
C-1
1E8
Neutron mean energy1 35 MeV
1E8
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.51E7
(
N t (M V)
Current minimum detectable energy due to (n,) discrimination
N t (M V)
1E70.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
1.35 MeV
Neutron energy (MeV)
1E70.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
POLIMI ‐ Silicon TelescopeBe(p,xn) Ep= 5 MeV total neutron Yield measured Yn (4π) = 3.05∙1012 s‐1mA‐1
N l l d i hTRASCO RFQ B S
Neutron energy (MeV)Neutron energy (MeV) Neutron energy (MeV)
23
Neutron source level expected withTRASCO RFQ + Be target Sn ~1.05∙1014 s‐1
Th B Sh i A bl l tiThe Beam Shaping Assembly solution
71 cm Neutron beam portBe target
17 a
Proton beam
BSA identical to the alternative configuration developed withBSA identical to the alternative configuration developed withBe(p,xn) spectra at 4 MeV, but for the D2O moderator regionthickness “a” increased by just 1 cm. Same reflector sizes
MCNPX l l i lNeutron Fluence‐to‐kerma conversion factors from ICRU‐63
G Fl t k i f t f ICRU 6
MCNPX calculation results
Total measured neutron yield ~3.05∙1012 s‐1∙mA‐1
Gamma Fluence‐to‐kerma conversion factors from ICRU‐46
Agosteo et al., 2010. Proc. of ICNCT‐14, Argentina (2010)
th (E 0.5 eV)(cm-2s-1)
th total Knth (Gy·h-1)
Kn epi-fast(Gy·h-1)
K(Gy·h-1)
K Kn tot Kn (E>0.5 eV) / th(Gy·cm2)
K / th(Gy·cm2)
IAEA TECDOC-1223 ref. parameters > 1.0E+09 > 0.90 ≤ 2.0E-13 ≤ 2.0E-13
25MCNPX results 4.30E+09 0.96 2.53 0.51 1.42 0.46 0.33E-13 0.92E-13
N & d b ll i
99.9 % Total Dose Rate at the Irradiation port area
95.0 % Total Dose Rate at the Irradiation port area
Neutron & gamma dose beam port wall mapping
Proton beam Proton beam
Epithermal neutrons (0.5 eVE10 keV)Thermal neutrons (E 0.5 eV)
93.6 % Total Dose Rate at the Irradiation port area
90.0 % Total Dose Rate at the Irradiation port area
Proton beam Proton beam
Fast neutrons (E>10 keV) Prompt gammas
C l iConclusionProton source upgrade & LEBT completion is possible in the framework ofTRASCO-3 projectp j
High power coupler test was successful at nominal power. We plan to reach 130%of nominal power (end of this month)of nominal power (end of this month)
RFQ passed all low power tests
Two important points remain:RFQ high power test (September - December 2011)Converter proton irradiation test (next year)
In the mean time…A consortium between INFN, Pavia University and SOGIN was born two monthsA consortium between INFN, Pavia University and SOGIN was born two monthsago to provide the project with necessary funds for completion
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