SSCB14-1 (Seminars 1 & 4)
Republic of Liberiaas a Case Study
Security Sector Capacity Building(SSCB)
Aim• To present a strategy which will promote stability in
Liberia, using a Security Sector Capacity Building (SSCB) development framework from 2014 -2018
Overall Threats Terrorism in Mali via Guinea Multiple fragility points Guinea & Ivory Coast’s elections Piracy, organized crime and porous borders with Sierra
Leone, Ivory Coast & Guinea Soldiers of fortune
Threat Analysis
Global & Regional• Terrorism in the AQIM, which changes the MRU security strategy• Instability in the sub-region
Sub-Regional• Instability in neighboring countries (internal conflict backed by neighbors, refugees from
neighbors, undue influence, etc.)– Business interests by MNCs (diamonds, oil, lumber, iron ore, etc.)
Internal Threats• Extremely fragmented society (ethnic, religious, political, urban/rural, etc.)• Land disputes • Widespread corruption • Poverty, unemployment, poor health and education system, sensitive demographic structure• Poor central government authority and capacity• Gender-based violence and discrimination
• Lawlessness undermines public confidence in the security sector/security forces predatory towards civilians
Functions of Stability
• SSR Concerns– President (leadership)– Parliament (lack of diverse representation)– Armed Forces of Liberia (capabilities)– Liberian National Police/Monrovia City Police– Intelligence Institutions (bilateral developments)– Judicial, legal and correctional institutions– Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization
Gaps
President and Parliament• Nepotism• Corruption• Oversight
Police • Not well-trained and equipped• Lack of resources outside Monrovia (4`500/8`000)• Progress made under UN Lead
- 150 graduated (46 Women)
Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization• Not properly paid/training/laws
Gaps
Armed Forces• Not fully operational (expected by 2014)
- Insufficiency of financial, operational, logistical means
- Dependency on external support- Not trained
Judicial, legal and correctional institutions• Lack of trained judges, prosecutors & lawyers• Timely case management is still a challenge• Infrastructure of prisons and correctional institutions
is fragile
Gaps
Human Rights• Police brutality• Predatory policing• Mob justice• Gender violence/discrimination (rapes, assaults, etc.)
Humanitarian Situation• 60,000 refugees from Cote d`Ivoire• 80 % Live below poverty line• 85 % Unemployed• 35 % Insufficient food
Gaps
BIN LNP Military
InstitutionalCapabilities
Insufficient Insufficient Insufficient
Finance Insufficient (-17%)
Insufficient (-17%)
Insufficient
Personnel (- 40%) (-45%) OK
Legal Insufficient Insufficient Insufficient
Infrastructure Insufficient Insufficient Insufficient
Logistics Insufficient Insufficient Insufficient
• Political: Poor leadership , heightened political turmoil
• Economic: Increasing prices, significant unemployment
• Rule of Law: Lawlessness impedes human rights (women, children)
• Governance: Projects are yet to reach the rural people, poor and women
Functional Analyses Gap Analyses
cratic Deficit • Party patronage & trust in leadership• Presidential election approaching• More space for democratic practice
cratic Deficit
• Price increase of food• Unemployment• Food production & Roads• Improving on exports
• Trust in LNP & AFL• Local courts in rural areas• Roads to rural areas• Lack of capacity
• Deliver rule of law• Poor road conditions for elections• Sensitization visits upcountry• Customary law visits
Note: Activities are iterative
SSCB Strategy
Vision• Reintegration of ex-combatants, internally displaced persons• Robust Rule of Law (whole-of-government approach)• De-politicization of all sectors
Goals• Peace (sustainable)• Oversight• Education • Infrastructure• Economy• Employment
• Strategy: Promote stability in Liberia to allow human development through justice and social delivery by 2015 (UN transition)
Objectives & Outputs
• Analysis and research for policy development (link DDR, SSR & SSCB to development of national security strategy)
• Peace & stability• Mainstreaming gender and information exchange
Key Stakeholders • UNDP, UNMIL, multiple countries, ECOWAS, MRU and the
civil society, including the 4th Estate
New strategy - Goal: Bring sustainable peace & security to Liberia by 2015
Peace, Securityand Rule of Law
EconomicTransformation
HumanDevelopment
Governance andPublic Institutions
SECTOR THEMATIC GOALS/OUTCOMES
• Security• Rule of Law• Judicial Reform
• Private Sector Development• Macroeconomic Framework• Infrastructure Agriculture and Food Security• Forestry• Mineral Development and Management
• Education Health and Social welfare • Water and Sanitation • Social Protection
• Nation-building and Decentralization• Management of Gov’t Assets• Civil Society
• Concessions Land Tenure and Use• Transparency and Anti-corruption
• Environment• Youth Empowerment• Gender Equality Disabled and Disadvantaged• Labor and Employment Human Rights HIV and AIDS Child Protection
Constraints Constraints Constraints Constraints Constraints
Objectives/Outcomes
Objectives/Outcomes
Objectives/Outcomes
Objectives/Outcomes
Objectives/Outcomes
Objectives/Outcomes
PRSP PILLARS: INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS/PRSP ACTION
Change Agent/Change Strategy
Crosscutting Issues
Anti-
Cor
rupti
on C
omm
issi
on
Implementation Plan(In priority/time order)
• Establish anti-corruption commission/committee • Employ a local consultant (to write a draft strategy)• Appoint a Liberian Steering Committee: NSC, MoD, MIA (working groups)• Appoint a resident commissioner for SSCB• Steering Committee to write: Communication Strategy & Development Framework in consultation with donors & private sector• Identify pillars to drive the strategy with pillar goals (5 pillars)• Distribute themes to coordinated donors• Do the resources plan: money, staff, funding & time with donors• Identify communication infrastructure improvements (feasible)• Presidential approval • Brief the Commission (twice weekly)• Coordinate and brief the population: All “peace actors”• Follow the change management {International Security Assistance Team (ISAT) theory}
Development FrameworkSSCB goal: Ensure peace and stability in order to manage tensions in Liberian society, increase social cohesion and uphold human rights.
Institutionalcapacity constraint
Objectivesand Outcomes
Changeagents
Change process
Milestone PriorityInterventions
Donor and Resources
• Stakeholder participation limited • Opportunities to participate in peace-building, reconciliation, political processes for marginalized groups & lack of
consensus on mandate & approach to peace, reconciliation.
• More women, disabled, & youth in leadership roles• Peace and reconciliation decision making reflect input from marginalized groups
• Traditional leaders
• Political and religious groups
• Civil society groups
• Media
• Youth groups
• Ministry of Internal Affairs will collaborate with Governance Commission in engaging stakeholders to define & implement framework for civic engagement
• Civil society groups have new skills to engage meaningfully in key processes
• Lead national dialogue to ask Liberians what they need for reconciliation
• Civil-military
LeadUSA, DfID, UNOPS will provide resources
PartnersECOWASMRUUNMILPrivate Sector(“Right-size”)
Sustainability Strategy
• SSCB must be continuously assessed• Local dev (PRSP) & SSCB • The ISAT theory • Public oversight
rolReintegration Capacity building
- Peace & Stability - RoL
DDR ROL
Decision Points B Decision Point CWho stays behind ?
Decision Point A
SSR
ss ISAT& PRSP SUPERVISION ($) ?
Reintegration
DisarmamentDemobilization
RoL
Monitoring, Review and Evaluation
• Monitoring & Evaluation structure is established• NSC/SSR Commissioner briefs National Security Council Coordinating Group (NSCCG) monthly• NSC 2-weekly with local stakeholders in attendance• Donor meeting(s) held at the NSC• End of year symposium on achievements on SSCB• SSCPB projects• Resource allocation• PRSP vs. SSCB• ISAT shadow theory• Change strategy
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