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Sprains & Strains
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Bureau of Workers CompPA Training for Health & Safety
(PATHS)
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Topics
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Sprains and strains what are they?
Causes
Difference etween sprains and strains
Co!!on types
"ow and where they occur
Si#ns$ sy!pto!s$ treat!ent
%ays to preent
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%hat are Sprains & Strains?
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Sprains and strains are two types of 'SDs$ ormusculoskeletal isorers
!S"s arein(uries or disorders of the)o !usc*es$ neres$ tendons$ (oints$ carti*a#e$ ando supportin# structures of the upper and *ower
*i!s$ nec+ and *ower ac+ that are caused$precipitated$ or e,acerated y sudden e,ertionor pro*on#ed e,posure to physica* factors
e.#. force$ repetition$ iration or aw+wardposture/
- CDCS"
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Causes of Sprains & Strains?
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They are caused y e,cessiereachin#$ endin#$ *iftin#$#rippin#$ suattin#$ or twistin# ofhands$ shou*ders or ody
Caused y any wor+ perfor!edwith hi#h force$ with !anyrepetitions$ or in an aw+wardposition
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Causes of Sprains & Strains?
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6 sprainis a stretch or tear of a*i#a!ent and of firoustissue that connects two or!ore ones at a (oint/7stretched too far fro! nor!a*
position
ne or !ore *i#a!ents!ay e in(ured at the sa!eti!e
'ost co!!on)
- sprained an+*e
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%hat8s the Difference?
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6 strainis an in(ury to a !usc*e or tendon thic+$tou#h firous cord of tissue that connects a !usc*eto a one/
Can e as si!p*e as oerstretchin# a !usc*e ortendon$ or it can e a partia* orco!p*ete tear
'ost co!!on) strained ac+
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Types of Sprains & Strains
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;ac+ in(uries$ inc*udin# pu**ed ac+ !usc*es andruptured discs
Suashed neres causin# seere pain$ such ascarpa* tunne* in wrist or sciatic *e# pain fro! ac+
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"ow Do They ccur?
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Carryin#$ ho*din#$ or restrainin# ite!s$ peop*e orani!a*s
epetitie tas+s such as reachin# to *ift or *owero(ects$ or to #rip too*s continuous*y
%or+in# in aw+ward positions ino*in# endin# or
twistin# your ody to reach ite!sirations throu#h the ody *i+e driin# a truc+ orusin# a powered hand too*
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%here Do They ccur?
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Construction
6#ricu*ture
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%here Do They ccur?
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Truc+in#transportation
Aood serices
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%here Do They ccur?
11
De*iery serices
Custodia* serices
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%hat are the Si#ns & Si#na*s?
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Aor a sprain) Pain$ swe**in#$ruisin#$ not ein# a*e to !oethe (oint
Aor a strain) Pain$ !usc*espas!s$ !usc*e wea+ness$
swe**in#$ cra!pin#$ trou*e!oin# the !usc*e
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Treat!ents for Sprains & Strains
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A>ST ST6B to reduce swe**in# and pain >C therapy >est$ ce$ Co!press$ *eate/ forthe first 24 to 4= hours
1. >est the in(ured area reduce re#u*ar e,ercise oractiities as needed/
2. ce the in(ured area$ 20 !inutes at a ti!e$ four toei#ht ti!es a day co*d pac+$ ice a#$ or p*astic a#fi**ed with crushed ice and wrapped in a towe* can eused/
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Treat!ents for Sprains & Strains
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3. Co!press the in(ured area$ usin# anda#es$ casts$
oots$ e*astic wraps or sp*ints to he*p reduce swe**in#
4. *eate the in(ured area$ aoe the *ee* of the heart$to he*p decrease swe**in# whi*e you are *yin# or sittin#down
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Treat!ents for Sprains & Strains
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"ea*th care proider !ay reco!!end an anti-inf*a!!atorydru# such as aspirin ;ayer/$ iuprofen 6di*$ 'otrin/$ oraceta!inophen Ty*eno*/ to he*p decrease pain andinf*a!!ation
f moeratesprain$ !ay reuire use of !oi*ity aids$ such as
a cane$ crutches$ a wa*+er or whee*chair
f se#eresprain$ !ay need sur#ery to repair torn *i#a!ents$!usc*e or tendon
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Treat!ents for Sprains & Strains
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SCD ST6B >ehai*itation
1. Physica* therapye,ercise pro#ra!)desi#ned to he*p reduce swe**in#$ preentstiffness and restore nor!a*$ pain-free
ran#e of !otion durin# first wee+ afterin(ury/
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Treat!ents for Sprains & Strains
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2. ncrease stren#th and f*e,ii*ity aoutsecond wee+ after in(ury/7 usua**y !orede!andin# e,ercises to i!proe function
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Treat!ents for Sprains & Strains
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6danced stretchin#?
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Treat!ents for Sprains & Strains
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3. >eturn to fu** dai*y actiities$ inc*udin#sports if appropriate7 !ust wor+ c*ose*ywith physica* therapist to aoid re-in(ury
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"ow 'uch Ti!e to "ea*?
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Ti!e needed for fu** recoery)
-'i*d sprainstrain) three to si, wee+s
- 'oderate sprainstrain) two to three
!onths
-Seere sprainstrain) ei#ht to 12!onths
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"ow Can %e Preent This?
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6*thou#h we cannot preent a** sprains andstrains fro! occurrin#$ there are so!e tips on howto aoid the!)
- Stretch efore you wor+out with
heay ite!s
- se proper footwear for theactiity you are doin#
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"ow Can %e Preent This?
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%ar! up adeuate*yefore actiities
Do not run on icyuneensurfaces
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Su!!ary
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Sprains and strains are c*assified as !uscu*o- s+e*eta* disorders
'any causes inc*udin# carryin#$ pushin#$*iftin#$ pu**in#$ doin# repetitie tas+s$ or
wor+in# in aw+ward positions
Treat y usin# >C>est$ ce$ Co!pression$*eation/
Preent y stretchin#$ wearin# properfootwear$ usin# caution whi*e wa*+in#
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>eferences
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ationa* nstitute of 6rthritis and 'uscu*os+e*eta*and S+in Diseasesationa* nstitutes of "ea*th
www.nia!s.nih.#o
'ayo C*inic www.!ayoc*inic.co!
6!erican 6cade!y of rthopedic Sur#eons www.aaos.or#
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Euestions
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